VOLUME EIGHTY ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH Marine Enzymes Biotechnology: Production and Industrial Applications, Part III - Application of Marine Enzymes ADVISORY BOARDS KEN BUCKLE University of New South Wales, Australia MARY ELLEN CAMIRE University of Maine, USA ROGER CLEMENS University of Southern California, USA HILDEGARDE HEYMANN University of California, Davis, USA ROBERT HUTKINS University of Nebraska, USA RONALD JACKSON Brock University, Canada HUUB LELIEVELD Global Harmonization Initiative, The Netherlands DARYL B. LUND University of Wisconsin, USA CONNIE WEAVER Purdue University, USA RONALD WROLSTAD Oregon State University, USA SERIES EDITORS GEORGE F. STEWART (1948–1982) EMIL M. MRAK (1948–1987) C. O. CHICHESTER (1959–1988) BERNARD S. SCHWEIGERT (1984–1988) JOHN E. KINSELLA (1989–1993) STEVE L. TAYLOR (1995–2011) JEYAKUMAR HENRY (2011–2016) FIDEL TOLDRÁ (2016– ) VOLUME EIGHTY ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH Marine Enzymes Biotechnology: Production and Industrial Applications, Part III - Application of Marine Enzymes Edited by SE-KWON KIM Director, Marine Bioprocess Research Center Pukyong National University Busan, South Korea FIDEL TOLDRÁ Department of Food Science Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC) Valencia, Spain Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, United States The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom 125 London Wall, London, EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom First edition 2017 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. 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Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. ISBN: 978-0-12-809587-4 ISSN: 1043-4526 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher: Zoe Kruze Acquisition Editor: Alex White Senior Editorial Project Manager: Helene Kabes Production Project Manager: Surya Narayanan Jayachandran Senior Cover Designer: Miles Hitchen Typeset by SPi Global, India CONTENTS Contributors ix Preface xi 1. Marine Enzymes in Cancer: A New Paradigm 1 R.H. Prabhu, K.S. Bhise, and V.B. Patravale 1. Introduction 2 2. Marine Enzymes as Anticancer Agents 3 3. Conclusion 12 Acknowledgments 12 References 12 2. Bacillus Probiotic Enzymes: External Auxiliary Apparatus to Avoid Digestive Deficiencies, Water Pollution, Diseases, and Economic Problems in Marine Cultivated Animals 15 Jorge Olmos Soto 1. Introduction 16 2. Commercial Diet Ingredients Preferentially Utilized 18 3. Enzyme Deficiencies in Cultivated Marine Animals 26 4. Marine Animal Diseases Induced by ANFs 27 5. Water Pollution and Economic Problems as a Consequence of Poor Digestion–Assimilation Process 27 6. Bacillus as the Enzyme Production Machinery 28 7. B. subtilis Probiotic Bacterium 29 8. Conclusions 31 Acknowledgment 32 References 32 3. Characterization and Applications of Marine Microbial Enzymes in Biotechnology and Probiotics for Animal Health 37 T.H. Nguyen and V.D. Nguyen 1. Introduction 38 2. Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of Marine Microbial Enzymes 38 3. Marine Microbial Enzymes as Tools in Biotechnology 49 4. Marine Microbial Enzymes as Tools in Probiotics to Benefit Human and Animal Health 56 v vi Contents 5. Conclusions 63 References 64 4. Biotechnological Applications of Marine Enzymes From Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, and Sponges 75 S. Parte, V.L. Sirisha, and J.S. D’Souza 1. Introduction 76 2. Enzyme Technology: Current State of the Art 79 3. Marine Enzymes 80 4. Biotechnological Applications and Advantages of Enzymes From Marine Algae, Bacteria, Fungi and Sponges 82 5. Challenges Encountered in Harnessing Marine Resources 98 6. Future Prospects 99 References 100 5. Biomedical Applications of Enzymes From Marine Actinobacteria 107 K. Kamala and P. Sivaperumal 1. Introduction 107 2. Marine Actinobacteria and Their Enzymes 108 3. Biological Activities of Enzymes From Marine Actinobacteria 113 4. Pharmacological Activity of Marine Organism–Associated Actinobacteria 115 5. Conclusion 117 Acknowledgments 117 References 118 6. Production of Enzymes From Agricultural Wastes and Their Potential Industrial Applications 125 S. Bharathiraja, J. Suriya, M. Krishnan, P. Manivasagan, and S.-K. Kim 1. Introduction 126 2. Enzymes Production From Agricultural Wastes 127 3. Actinobacterial Enzymes Produced From Agricultural Wastes 137 4. Conclusion 140 Acknowledgments 140 References 140 7. Marine Enzymes: Production and Applications for Human Health 149 T. Eswara Rao, M. Imchen, and R. Kumavath 1. Introduction 149 2. Marine Microorganisms 150 Contents vii 3. Marine Biology and Biotechnology 151 4. Marine Metagenome as a Resource for Novel Enzymes 153 5. Applications of Marine Enzymes and Marine Biotechnology for Human Health 154 6. Conclusion 159 References 159 8. Bioremediation of Industrial Waste Through Enzyme Producing Marine Microorganisms 165 P. Sivaperumal, K. Kamala, and R. Rajaram 1. Introduction 165 2. Role of Microorganisms and Their Enzymes in Marine Environment 167 3. Industrial Waste Around Marine Environment 169 4. Bioremediation of Industrial Waste 169 5. Marine Enzymes: Decontaminating Agents 172 6. Conclusion 174 Acknowledgments 174 References 174 9. Marine Enzymes and Microorganisms for Bioethanol Production 181 M.R. Swain, V. Natarajan, and C. Krishnan 1. Introduction 182 2. Bioethanol Production Technology 182 3. Marine Enzymes Used for Bioethanol Production 184 4. Marine Microoorganisms Producing Ethanol 189 5. Bioethanol Production From the Marine Algae 190 6. Conclusion 192 Acknowledgments 193 References 193 10. Enzymes in Fermented Fish 199 Giyatmi and H.E. Irianto 1. Introduction 200 2. Enzymes in Fish 200 3. Enzymes in Fermented Fish 203 4. Enzymes in Fish Sauce Processing 209 5. Concluding Remarks 211 References 212 This page intentionally left blank CONTRIBUTORS S. Bharathiraja CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Porto Novo, India K.S. Bhise Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India J.S. D’Souza UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, India T. Eswara Rao Central University of Kerala, Padannakkad, Kerala, India Giyatmi Jakarta Sahid University, Jakarta Selatan, DKI Jakarta Province, Indonesia M. Imchen Central University of Kerala, Padannakkad, Kerala, India H.E. Irianto Center for Fisheries Research and Development, Jakarta Utara, DKI Jakarta Province, Indonesia K. Kamala Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India S.-K. Kim Marine Bioprocess Research Center; Specialized Graduate School Science & Technology Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea C. Krishnan Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India M. Krishnan School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India R. Kumavath Central University of Kerala, Padannakkad, Kerala, India P. Manivasagan Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea V. Natarajan Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India T.H. Nguyen Faculty of Food Technology, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam V.D. Nguyen Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam ix x Contributors Jorge Olmos Soto Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigacio´n Cientı´fica y de Educacio´n Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico S. Parte UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, India V.B. Patravale Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India R.H. Prabhu Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India R. Rajaram Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India V.L. Sirisha UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, India P. Sivaperumal Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India J. Suriya School of Environmental Sciences,