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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 0130572 Potential competition among young-of-year fish in western Lake Erie Trauben, Bruce Kenneth, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1991 Copyright ©1991 by Trauben, Bruce Kenneth. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 POTENTIAL COMPETITION AMONG YOUNG-OF-YEAR FISH IN WESTERN LAKE ERIE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Bruce Kenneth Trauben, B.S., M.S. The Ohio State University 1991 Dissertation Committee Approved by David A. Culver Sheldon I. Lustick Bruce Vondraeek Department of Zoology Copyright by Bruce Kenneth Trauben © 1991 To Eryn 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to thank my adviser, Dr. David A. Culver, for his assistance throughout this project. This project would not have been possible were it not for his efforts in recognizing the need for the study, and in obtaining the resources necessary to pursue it. Dr. Culver’s guidance and patience were indispensible in every phase of the study. I would also like to thank the other members of the Dissertation Committee: Drs. Sheldon Lustick and Bruce Vondracek for their encouragement and constructive criticism during the preparation of this dissertation. Dr. F. Joseph Margraf was also instrumental in getting this project off the ground, and I want to express my gratitude for his efforts. This project would not have come to completion were it not for the efforts of many assistants. I want to express my gratitude to Lisa Bohman Egbert, Brad Egbert, Robert Fletcher, Lisa Meadows, Tom Rice, Dana Shepard, Roseanne Smrtnik Hetterscheidt, Theresa Villanueva, Sylvia Wong, and Tracey Zemel for their assistance in the laboratory and in the field. These assistants cheerfully endured the unpleasant task of identifying fish stomach contents, and coding and entering data. I would also like to thank Drs. David Gar ton, Robert S. Hayward, Sheldon I. Lustick, F. Joseph Margraf, and Gary G. Mittelbach for their assistance with methodology and data analysis. The young-of-year fish iii samples, year-class data, and chemico-physical data were obtained with the assistance of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Wildlife, who allowed me to accompany them on young-of-year survey cruises. This project would not have been possible were it not for the assistance of personnel at the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Personnel of the Co-operative Fisheries Research Unit at The Ohio State University, also graciously assisted with the sampling for this project. This work is a result of research sponsored in part by the Ohio Sea Grant College Program, Project No. R/LR-1 under grant NA8/AA-D00079 of the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the U.S. Department of Commerce, and from the State of Ohio. Computer services were provided by the Instructional and Research Computer Center (IRCC) of The Ohio State University. VITA August 25, 1954 ..................... B o m - Akron, Ohio 1977................................... B.S., Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 1982.................................. M.S., The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 1981-1988 ............................ Graduate Research/Teaching Associate, Department of Zoology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1985-1986 ............................ Research Intern, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio 1989.................................. Information Specialist, Geo/Resource Consultants, Inc., Washington, D.C. 1989-Present.......................... Legal Assistant, Bryan, Cave, McPheeters, and McRoberts, Washington, D.C. PUBLICATIONS Trauben, B. K., and J. H. Olive. 1983. Benthic macroinvertebrate assessment of water quality in the Cuyahoga River, Ohio - an update. Ohio Journal of Science 83(4): 209-212. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Environmental Biology Studies in: Limnology and Aquatic Ecology v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................... iii VITA ............................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES................. ................................ xii CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION............................................ 1 II. RESOURCE SHARING AMONG YOUNG-OF-YEAR FISH IN WESTERN LAKE ERIE........................................ 5 Introduction..................... 5 Methods.............................................. 7 Results. ........................................ 18 Nearshore Versus Offshore Diets and Dietary Overlaps, 1983.......................... 18 1983 Versus 1984 Diets and Dietary Overlaps at Middle Sister ...................... 37 D i s c u s s i o n .......................................... 93 III. RESOURCE AVAILABILITY PC® YOUNG-OF-YEAR FISH IN WESTERN LAKE ERIE: A BIOENERGETICS APPROACH................ 103 Introduction ........................................ 103 Methods................................................ 106 Energy Losses .................................... 106 Consumption...................................... 115 Results................................................ 120 D i s c u s s i o n ............................................ 124 IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS................................... 133 LIST OF REFERENCES ..................................... 144 APPENDIX Sample Sizes, Fish Sizes, and Stomach Contents Data for Chapter II................................. 152 vi LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Bottom trawl samples used in this study................. 13 2. Fish species included in this studv..................... 14 3. Fish species pairs for which diet overlap was greater than, or equal to, sixty percent (60%) on more than one occasion during the s t u d y ............ 35 4. Switching to benthic prey by freshwater drum as a function of mean overlap .......................... 95 5. Switching to benthic prey by yellow perch as a function of mean overlap ............................ 96 6 . Estimated proportional overlap when another resource dimension, prey size, is considered ........ 98 7. Fish diets in the western basin of Lake Erie in 1958 and 1983........................................ 99 8 . Diet overlap among young-of-year fish in 1958 and 1983 in western Lake Erie.......................... 102 9. Summary of sample sizes, fish sizes, and temper­ ature used in respiration experiments for each fish species ..........................................113 10. Gastric evacuation rates (r) and standard errors (SE) for freshwater drum, white bass, white perch, and yellow perch taken near Middle Sister Island in western Lake E r i e ..................... 119 11. The effect of fish species on the relationship between the rate of oxygen consumption (mg O 2 consumed/day) and the independent variables, wet weight (loge wet weight in grams), swimming speed (body lengths/s), and temperature (°C) .............. 121 vii Energy available for growth of the average-sized young-of-year fish in the western basin of Lake Erie during summer of 1983 and 1984.............. Growth rates of age-0 freshwater drum, white bass, white perch, and yellow perch caught near Middle Sister Island in the western basin of Lake Erie during the Summer, 1983 and 1984, expressed as a percent increase in biomass per day.............. Geometric means of numbers caught per trawling hour and percent change between seasons of young- of-year freshwater drum, white bass, white perch, and yellow perch during Summer and Fall, 1983 and 1984, in the western basin of Lake Erie.......... Summary of Student’s t-tests for significant differences in fish dry weight (g), using log*- transformed data, between 1983 and 1984 at the offshore site, Middle Sister .................... Percent composition (P) of prey by dry weight per individual fish examined and percent occurrence (F) of prey among fish examined. The fish were collected by bottom trawl at the offshore site near Middle Sister Island, western
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