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Home , Calanoida, Canthocamptidae, Canthocamptus, Cyclopidae, Cyclopoida, Diacyclops thomasi

Taxonomic Atlas of the (Class Crustacea: Subclass Copepoda: Orders , , and ) Recorded at the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve and State Nature Preserve, Ohio

by

Jakob A. Boehler and Kenneth A. Krieger

National Center for Water Quality Research Heidelberg University Tiffin, Ohio, USA 44883

August 2012

Atlas of the Copepods, (Class Crustacea: Subclass Copepoda) Recorded at the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve and State Nature Preserve, Ohio

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the funding for this project provided by Dr. David Klarer, Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve. We appreciate the critical reviews of a draft of this atlas provided by David Klarer and Dr. Janet Reid. This work was funded under contract to Heidelberg University by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources.

This publication was supported in part by Grant Number H50/CCH524266 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve in Ohio is part of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS), established by Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act, as amended. Additional information about the system can be obtained from the Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1305 East West Highway – N/ORM5, Silver Spring, MD 20910. Financial support for this publication was provided by a grant under the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act, administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD. Copies of this publication are available from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources - Division of Wildlife 2514 Cleveland Road East Huron, Ohio 44839

This publication can be downloaded at www.heidelberg.edu/academiclife/distinctive/ncwqr/research/reports

Introduction as food for many of larval and juvenile fishes as well as the adults of Both the formal biologist and the amateur zooplanktivorous fishes. A relatively few naturalist often encounter lists of kinds of copepods are ectoparasites of and plants when they read published fishes rather than free-living, and those scientific reports and visit nature centers. are not considered here. An extensive Rarely do they have ready access to description of the classification, photographs for each member of the list. morphology, life history, and ecology of This document constitutes one of several copepods is provided by Williamson and chapters of a comprehensive atlas of the Reid (2010; see citations on page 6). biota of the Old Woman Creek coastal This atlas presents detailed photographs wetland system (OWC) along Lake Erie of critical diagnostic features that permit in Ohio. This chapter provides a detailed the correct identification to species of pictorial record of a group of aquatic most free-living copepods found at OWC. invertebrate animals called copepods. Characteristics of Copepods Invertebrates occur in great abundance in freshwater ecosystems, including Every begins its life as an egg, Great Lakes wetlands such as the which is carried by the female in one or marshes, swamps and open water that two egg sacs (see below). Following make up OWC. A few of those sexual reproduction, the fertilized egg invertebrates, such as freshwater (zygote) develops within the egg sac into mussels, grass shrimps, and giant water an embryo, which hatches as a nauplius bugs, are easy to see because of their (pl: nauplii) . The nauplius bears large size. Many freshwater little resemblance to an adult copepod, invertebrates, however, including the as seen here. copepods, are so small that special attention must be given to collecting – and seeing – them. Thus, most invertebrates go unnoticed by casual visitors to aquatic . Furthermore, once collected, the ability to distinguish one species of copepod from another requires careful observation through a Copepod nauplii: lateral view (left) and compound microscope. dorsal view (right)

Copepods, in the subclass Copepoda of The nauplius molts five times (six the class Crustacea, are present in a naupliar stages), each time adding new wide variety of freshwater habitats with appendages and adding more segments slow or no water currents, especially to existing appendages. Upon the sixth lakes, ponds and wetlands. Foods of molt, the nauplius is transformed into a copepods include detritus, bacteria, copepodid juvenile, which resembles an and other small animals, adult. The copepodid molts five times depending on the species and life stage. (six stages), becoming a copepodid adult Copepods themselves are very important (male or female) upon the final molt. General features of a adult copepods are shown on this and the next page. The body of a copepod is elongate, cylindrical, and clearly segmented. In most copepods, the M body is divided by a distinct articulation into two regions: the metasome (M) and the BC MA urosome (U). Cyclopoid and harpacticoid copepods have a body constriction (BC), or articulation, between the thoracic U segments containing the fourth and fifth pairs of legs. However, calanoid copepods have a body constriction between the metasome and urosome. In the calanoids and cyclopoids the segments following the body constriction are distinctly narrower than the preceding segments. All body segments of Dorsal-Lateral View harpacticoids are similar in size. Harpacticoid ( illinoisensis)

The metasome is separated into the head (H) and thorax (T) regions. The first 500 µm T H segment of the thorax is often fused with the head forming the cephalic region. Head structures include the first antennae (or antennules) (A), second antennae (SA), rostrum (R), eye (E) and maxillipeds (mouthparts) (MA). The right antennule of adult male calanoids is geniculate (abruptly E bent) (GB), whereas both antennules are Dorsal View bent on adult male cyclopoids and harpacticoids. The antennules of all female Cyclopoid (female with two egg sacs ) copepods lack geniculation.

SA R Dorsal View Dorsal View

A

GB

Cyclopoid (female albidus) Cyclopoid (male ) The thorax contains five segments, each Dorsal View with one of a pair of swimming legs (SW). The first four pairs of swimming legs are typically biramous, consisting of an endopod (inner branch) (EN) and exopod (outer branch) (EX). These branches of the swimming legs can have numerous spines (SP) and setae (SE) on them. The fifth pair of swimming legs is much more varied in structure than the preceding pairs and is often useful for identification purposes. For example, in some male copepods the fifth MW leg is modified into a hook for grasping the female during reproduction. The last AB GS thoracic segment of calanoids may have metasomal wings (MW). LS CR The urosome is separated into the genital segment (GS), abdomen (AB), and a pair of CS caudal rami (singular, ramus) (CR) that possess lateral setae (LS) and caudal setae Calanoid (female affinis) (CS). The genital segment of harpacticoids and cyclopoids may have a pair of vestigial sixth legs. This sixth pair of legs is typically more developed in males. Adult female calanoids and harpacticoids carry one egg sac (ES) ventrally on the genital segment, S whereas cyclopoids carry two egg sacs ventrally. Adults of both sexes can be found Lateral View with one or more spermatophores (S) on ES the genital segment, as the spermatophores 200 µm are passed from the male to the female during reproduction. Calanoid (female siciloides)

EX SP

SE EN Ventral View SW Calanoid swimming leg ( lacustris) Calanoid Layout of this Atlas All taxonomic information on each page was derived from a combination of five The following pages are organized references, which are abbreviated as alphabetically by order, family, and shown below followed by the page species. Investigators have identified 23 number(s): species of copepods in five families (, , , BK&D = Balcer, Mary D., Nancy L. Korda , ) within the OWC and Stanley I. Dodson. 1984. wetland system and nearby in Lake Erie. of the Great Lakes: A Guide to the This publication should not be used as Identification and Ecology of the Common species. The University of the sole source to identify the copepods Wisconsin Press. of OWC because it is likely that additional families, genera, and species will be found HRLS = Hudson, Patrick L., Janet W. Reid, in new collections. The references cited on Lynn T. Lesko, and James H. Selgeby. 1998. this page should be used to obtain Cyclopoid and Harpacticoid Copepods of the definitive identifications. Laurentian Great Lakes. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin NS 12(2). Each species of copepod is illustrated and described on a single page of this atlas. P = Pennak, R. W. 1989. Fresh-Water Because the identifying features of each Invertebrates of the United States: rd order and the particular family are repeated Protozoa to Mollusca. 3 Ed. John Wiley & on each page, the page for each species Sons, Inc. can be used independently. Each SM = Suárez-Morales, Eduardo., Marcelo characteristic described is true of both Silva-Briano, and Manuel Elías-Gutiérrez. adult males and females unless otherwise 2000. Redescription and taxonomic validity stated. Photographs are labeled with of Leptodiaptomus cuauhtemoci (Osorio- identifying letters and lines or brackets that Tafall, 1941) (Copeopod, Calanoida), with indicate diagnostic structures. Some notes on its known distribution. Journal of photographs show specimens collected Limnology, 59(1):5-14. within OWC; specimens from other ecosystems were used if they were of R&W = Reid, Janet W. and Craig E. superior quality. The exact specimens Williamson. 2010. Chapter 21. Copepoda. photographed are recorded at the bottom In: J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich (Eds.). Ecology and Classification of North American of the page. Freshwater Invertebrates. 3rd Ed. Academic Press. Beneath the descriptive features, each page lists where within OWC the species * Herdendorf, C.E., R.C. Herdendorf, and D.M. has been found. That information was Klarer. 2001. Catalogue of the invertebrate fauna derived from reports cited by Herdendorf of Old Woman Creek estuary, watershed, and adjacent waters of Lake Erie. Technical Report et al. (2001)*. It is likely that future No. 12. Old Woman Creek National Estuarine collections will reveal some of the species Research Reserve & State Nature Preserve, in additional habitats. The general ecology Huron, Ohio. of the species is briefly summarized, including its habit (such as a swimmer or ** The habit and functional feeding group information is generalized to the Order level for crawler) and its functional feeding group each specimen unless otherwise noted. (such as predator)**.

Checklist of Species of Free-Living Copepods Reported in the OWC Wetland System

Specimens reported as collected at OWC but not identified in this atlas because of the unavailability of specimens are indicated with an asterisk (*).

Order Calanoida Family Cyclopidae (continued) Family Diaptomidae thomasi (S.A. Forbes) (Marsh) Eucyclops agilis (Koch) (Lilljeborg) Eucyclops elegans (Herrick)

Leptodiaptomus sicilis (S. A. Forbes) Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine) s.str.

Leptodiaptomus siciloides (Lilljeborg) edax (S. A. Forbes)

Skistodiaptomus oregonensis (Lilljeborg) varicans rubellus (Lilljeborg)*

Skistodiaptomus pallidus (Herrick) Paracyclops poppei (Rehberg)

Family Temoridae (= P. fimbriatus poppei)* prasinus mexicanus Kiefer Epischura lacustris S. A. Forbes

Eurytemora affinis (Poppe) Order Harpacticoida

Family Ameiridae Order Cylcopoida Nitocra hibernica (Brady)* Family Cyclopidae Family Canthocamptidae vernalis sensu lata (Fischer) Attheyella (Neomrazekiella) illinoisensis (=Acanthocyclops vernalis-robustus group) (S. A. Forbes)

Diacyclops cf. navus (Herrick)* sp. Chappius, s.l.*

Diacyclops nearcticus Kiefer* robertcokeri M. S. Wilson

Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae: Leptodiaptomus ashlandi

Dorsal View Features of Order Calanoida Distinct narrowing of the body between the genital segment and the segment bearing the fifth legs (A) Antennules generally reach to or past caudal rami (B) Right antennule of adult males geniculate (C) A Adult females typically with one egg sac (not shown) M B ♀ Features of Family Diaptomidae Female urosome 2-4 segmented (D) Ventral View Dorsal View 200 µm Legs 1-4 with 3-segmented rami except leg 1 endopod 2-segmented (not shown) Left antennule of males and both antennules of J females typically 25-segmented (E) 1 H Caudal rami terminate in 5 caudal setae of N comparatively equal length (F) D 2 ♀ Features of Genus Leptodiaptomus F One seta on segment 11 of left male and both female antennules (G) 1 ♀ Female terminal segment of exopodite of fifth leg 2 1 4 5 extremely reduced (i.e., a short seta and small 3 ♀ 2 3 spine are present near the spine of exopod 2) (H) 4 5 Robust spines on segments 10,11, and 13 of male 6 K right antennule (I) 7 8 9 Features of species ashlandi 10 Metasomal wings of female asymmetrical with left 11 wing longer than right wing (J) 12 Male right leg 5 with large lateral spine located on the L rd 13 proximal 1/3 of terminal segment (K) Right antennule of male with a long slender projection 14 ♂ from the antepenultimate segment (L) 15 C Size of 0.90 to 1.4 mm long (M) Expanded lateral projections lacking from genital E 16 segment of females (N) 17 Ventral View Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek 18 I Planktonic habitats 19 50 µm General Ecology 20 13 Habit: Swimmers 21 11 11 10 Functional feeding groups: Omnivores; filter feeders 22 23 G References: BK&D 41-45, 82-84; P 414; SM 5; R&W 24 863-865 25 Photographs: Zooplankton CE 97 780621 CLEVE ♀ ♂ WQL (composite images: all images) Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae: Leptodiaptomus minutus

Features of Order Calanoida A Distinct narrowing of the body between the genital segment and the segment bearing the fifth legs (A) Antennules generally reach to or past caudal rami (B) Right antennule of adult males geniculate (C) Adult females typically with one egg sac (not shown) Lateral View I B Features of Family Diaptomidae Female urosome 2-4 segmented (not shown) Legs 1-4 with 3-segmented rami except leg 1 endopod 2-segmented (D) Left antennule of males and both antennules of females typically 25-segmented (E) Caudal rami terminate in five caudal setae of comparatively equal length (not shown)

Features of Genus Leptodiaptomus One seta on segment 11 of left male and both female Dorsal View C ♂ antennules (not shown) Female terminal segment of exopodite of fifth leg extremely reduced (i.e., a short seta and small ♂ spine are present near the spine of exopod two) (not shown) Robust spines on segments 10,11, and 13 of male right antennule (F) H 1 Features of species minutus 2 Metasomal wings of female symmetrical and rounded 3 4 (not shown) Leg 1 ♂ E 5 Leg five endopods of female greatly reduced (not 6 shown) G 7 Expanded lateral projections lacking from genital 8 segment of females (not shown) 9 Geniculate right antennule of males with a slender 10 projection from the antepenultimate segment (G) 11 Exopod of male right fifth leg with a small medial 1 12 1 13 lateral spine (H) 14 Size of 0.8 to 1.0 mm long (I) 2 2 15 Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek 3 16 Planktonic habitats 17 General Ecology ♂ 18 Habit: Swimmers ♂ 19 Functional feeding groups: Omnivores; filter feeders 20 F References: BK&D 41-45, 84-87; P 414; SM 5; R&W 13 21 863-865 D 22 ♂ Photographs: Zooplankton CE 97 780621 CLEVE 23 WQL (composite images: all images)

11 24 25 10 Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae:

Features of Order Calanoida A Distinct narrowing of the body between the genital segment and the segment bearing the fifth legs (A) Antennules generally reach to or past caudal rami (B) Right antennule of adult males geniculate (not shown) Adult females typically with one egg sac (not shown) Dorsal View L B ♀ Features of Family Diaptomidae Ventral View Female urosome 2-4 segmented (C) Legs 1-4 with 3-segmented rami except leg 1 endopod 2-segmented (D) 13 Left antennule of males and both antennules of females typically 25-segmented (E) Caudal rami terminate in five caudal setae of comparatively equal length (F)

H Features of Genus Leptodiaptomus One seta on segment 11 of left male and both female 11 antennules (not shown) Female terminal segment of exopodite of fifth leg extremely reduced (i.e. a short seta and small 10 spine are present near the spine of exopod two) (G) K ♂ ♂ 50 µm Robust spines on segments 10,11, and 13 of male right antennule (H) Dorsal View ♀ C ♀ Features of species sicilis 1 23 4 Metasomal wings pointed and triangular (I) 5 F Expanded lateral projections lacking from genital 6 segment of females (J) 78 5 9 4 Exopod of male right leg five with a large medial I J 3 lateral spine on terminal segment (K) 10 1 2 Right antennule of male with a long slender projection 11 from the antepenultimate segment (similar to that 12 of L. ashlandi) (not shown) 13 50 µm ♀ ♀ G Size of 1.0 to 1.9 mm long (L) 14 15 Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek 1 1 Planktonic habitats E 16 General Ecology 17 Habit: Swimmers 18 2 Functional feeding groups: Omnivores; filter feeders 2 19 20 50 µm References: BK&D 41-45, 87-89; P 414; SM 5; R&W 3 863-865 21

22 D Photographs: Lake Erie at Old Woman Creek, sta. L, 23 Erie Co., Ohio 840427 K. Krieger (male images) 24 Zooplankton CE 97 780621 CLEVE WQL (female 25 Leg 1 images)(composite images: top image and lower Ventral View three images of E,D, and G) Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae: Leptodiaptomus siciloides

Features of Order Calanoida M N Distinct narrowing of the body between the genital segment and the segment bearing the fifth legs (A) Antennules generally reach to or past caudal rami (B) Right antennule of adult males geniculate (C) 1 Adult females typically with one egg sac (D) 2 3 4 Features of Family Diaptomidae 5 8 9 A 6 C Female urosome 2-4 segmented (E) 7 1112 10 13 14 Legs 1-4 with 3-segmented rami except leg 1 endopod 15 2-segmented (not shown) 16 17 J 18 Left antennule of males and both antennules of F 19 20 females typically 25-segmented (F) 21 22 Caudal rami terminate in five caudal setae of 25 B P comparatively equal length (G) 23 ♂ Lateral View 24 Features of Genus Leptodiaptomus One seta on segment 11 of left male and both female 11 antennules (H) Female terminal segment of exopodite of fifth leg extremely reduced (i.e. a short seta and small spine are present near the spine of exopod two) (I) O Robust spines on segments 10,11, and 13 of male H ♂ right antennule (J)

Features of species siciloides ♀ K Genital segment of female with prominent, pointed lateral wings (K) 1 Metasomal wings pointed of female (L) E 3rd urosomal segment longer than 2nd segment of 2 female (E) Right leg 5 exopod of male with a large lateral spine 3 that is medial in position (M) Male Right leg five terminal claw smoothly curved (N) G Right antennule of male with short process on ♂ antepenultimate segment (O) Size of 1.0 to 1.3 mm long (P)

I Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek 1 Planktonic habitats 2 General Ecology 3 4 5 Dorsal View Habit: Swimmers Functional feeding groups: Omnivores; filter feeders L References: SM 5; R&W 857-859, 863-864; BK&D 90; P 414

Photographs: Zoop-Open-3 12 July 07 (composite Ventral View image: lower two images) (phase contrast: image O and H) 20 µm Dorsal View D Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae: Skistodiaptomus oregonensis

Features of Order Calanoida M Distinct narrowing of the body between the genital A segment and the segment bearing the fifth legs (A) Antennules generally reach to or past caudal rami (B) B Right antennule of adult males geniculate (C) Adult females typically with one egg sac (not shown)

♀Lateral View Features of Family Diaptomidae Female urosome 2-4 segmented (D) Legs 1-4 3-segmented rami except leg 1 endopod 2- ♂ segmented (not shown) 1 ♀ 2 34 C Left antennule of males and both antennules of 56 females typically 25-segmented (E) 78 Caudal rami terminate in five caudal setae of 9 comparatively equal length (F) 10 Dorsal View E 11 Features of Genus Skistodiaptomus 12 One seta on segments 11 and 15-17 of both female G antennules, and left male antennule (G) 13 L K Leg 5 of male terminal segment of exopod with 14 Ex. Seg. processes differently shaped and one process 2 long, the other short (H) 15 Ex. Female metasomal wings not reaching level of lateral Seg. 16 1 sensilla (not shown) of genital segment 17 Features of species oregonensis H Metasomal wings of female rounded on posterior 18 corners (I) with a small sensilla (J) 19 Left leg 5 of male reaching to approximately base of End- apical claw of right leg five (K) 20 opod Segment 2 of male exopod left leg 5, ½ to ¾ length of 21 segment 1 of leg 5 (L) 22 ♂ Size of 0.97 to 1.2 mm long (M) 23 Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek Dorsal View Planktonic and benthic habitats 24 General Ecology 25 Habit: Swimmers Functional feeding groups: Omnivores; filter feeders ♀ References: B 782, 792-793; BK&D 42-43, 91-93; P ♀ 414, 428; R&W 858 Photographs: LTLA8 = VE4 L. Erie vertical tow 22, August 2006 (multiple specimens used for the 5 J images from same location) (composite image: 4 I middle right image) 3 F 2 1 LateralD View Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae: Skistodiaptomus pallidus

Lateral View Features of Order Calanoida ♀ Distinct narrowing of the body between the genital A segment and the segment bearing the fifth legs (A) Antennules generally reach to or past caudal rami (B) Right antennule of adult males geniculate (C) Adult females typically with one egg sac (D)

M B D Features of Family Diaptomidae Female urosome 2-4 segmented (E) Legs 1-4; 3-segmented rami except leg 1 endopod 2- 200 µm segmented (not shown) C ♀ Left antennule of males and both antennules of females typically 25-segmented (F) Caudal rami terminate in five caudal setae of comparatively equal length (G)

♂ Features of Genus Skistodiaptomus L J One seta on segments 11 and 15-17 of both female ♂ Ventral View antennules, and left male antennule (H) Dorsal View Leg 5 of male terminal segment of exopod with processes differently shaped and one process 1 long, while the other is shorter (I) 2 Female metasomal wings not reaching level of lateral 3 sensilla (J) of genital segment 4 K 5 6 Features of species pallidus 7 Left fifth leg, exopod 2 inner process long and tapered 8 9 in males (K) I 10 Female metasomal wings rounded (L) 11 Size of 0.7 to 1.2 mm long (M) 12 13 Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek 14 ♀ 15 Planktonic and benthic habitats; sediment of open water and lotus bed 16

Lateral View 17 E F General Ecology ♀ 18 Habit: Swimmers 19 Functional feeding groups: Omnivores; filter feeders 5 20 4 21 G 1 3 References: BK&D 38-43, 115; P 414; R&W 865-866; 2 22

23 24 Photographs: Lake Mohawk 4-22-08 JB: collected by 16 17 25 Josh Bierbaugh (composite image: middle left image) 11 15 H ♀ Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Temoridae: Epischura lacustris

Features of Order Calanoida Lateral View ♀ Distinct narrowing of the body between the genital A segment and the segment bearing the fifth legs (A) Antennules generally reach to or past caudal rami (B) Right antennule of adult males geniculate (C) Adult females typically with one egg sac (not shown)

Features of Family Temoridae B L Female with 3-segmented urosome (D) (twisted in image therefore segments not easily distinguished) Antennules of females and left antennule of males 24- I ♀ 25 segmented (B) Legs 1-4; 3-segmented exopods (E) Leg 1 endopod 1-segmented (F) while legs 2-4 endopods of 1 or 2 segments (G) H Caudal rami with less than 5 caudal setae (H) Lateral View D Features of Genus Epischura 1 Ventral View Leg 4 3 2 Outer setae of caudal rami shorter than rami, and/or E spiniform (I) G No long apical spine on last segment of female leg 5 (J) or left leg 5 of males ♀ Features of species lacustris Leg 1 Three broad terminal setae on caudal rami (H) Twisted urosome of females (D) with short, thick spines on the outer corners of caudal rami (I) F Ventral View Right side of male urosome with enlarged lateral ♀ process (K) Size of 1.4 to 2.0 mm long (L) ♀ Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek J Planktonic and benthic habitats General Ecology Ventral View Ventral- Habit: Swimmers Lateral Functional feeding groups: Omnivores; filter feeders View K References: BK&D 41, 78; P 414; R&W 867 C Photographs:Zooplankton CW 82 78 10 11 R CLEVE (images of females) ♂ LTLA8=VE4 L. Erie vertical tow 22 August 2006 ♂ (images of males) Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida: Temoridae: Eurytemora affinis

Features of Order Calanoida A M Distinct narrowing of the body between the genital segment and the segment bearing the fifth legs (A) Antennules generally reach to or past caudal rami (B) (In this genus the antenna does not reach past caudal rami.) J B Right antennule of adult males geniculate (not shown) ♀ Dorsal View Adult females typically with one egg sac (not shown) Dorsal View ♀ Features of Family Temoridae Female with 3-segmented urosome (C) Antennules of females and left antennule of males 24- 25 segmented (D) 4 Legs 1-4; 3-segmented exopods (E) 3 Leg 1 endopod 1-segmented (F), while legs 2-4 L C H 2 endopods of 1 or 2 segments (G) 1 Caudal rami with less than 5 caudal setae (H)

♀ Features of Genus Eurytemora Antennules not reaching tips of metasomal wings (B) No endopods on fifth legs of males or females (I) D Leg 1 endopod one-segmented (F), whereas legs 2-4 endopods two-segmented (G)

G Features of species affinis ♀ Females with enlarged, pointed metasomal wings (J) Inner process of exopod 1 of female fifth leg strongly directed backwards (K) One pair of lateral processes present on genital Leg 4 E segment of female (L) Male fifth legs expanded inwardly forming a triangular shape on the inner margin of the basal second Leg 1 basal segment (not shown) ♀ Ventral Caudal rami with four caudal setae (H) Ventral View Size of 1.0 to 1.5 mm long (M) View Leg 5 Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek K Planktonic habitats I General Ecology Habit: Swimmers F Functional feeding groups: Omnivores; filter feeders

References: P 414, 428; B 752-753; BK&D 40, 80; R&W 867

♀ Photographs: Zooplankton vertical tow L. Erie LV61 781008 S Lorain WQL [bottom images (phase contrast) 100 µm and second image] Zooplankton CE 97 780621 CLEVE WQL Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae: Acanthocyclops vernalis sensu lata (= Acanthocyclops vernalis-robustus group)

Features of Order Cyclopoida A Antennules not typically reaching beyond the genital ♀ segment (not shown) Narrowing of body between segments bearing the fourth and fifth pairs of legs (A) Fifth leg small and first segment not enlarged on the inside margin (B) Both antennules geniculate in adult males (not shown) Dorsal View C H Typically adult females carry two egg sacs (C)

Features of Family Cyclopidae Mandibular palp either absent, or of a minute segment ♀ with one to three setae (not shown)

D Features of Genus Acanthocyclops* Ventral Segment 2 of leg 5 with an apical seta and small View spine, less than ½ length of segment 2, slightly distal to middle of segment, or nearly apical (D) B Inner margin of caudal ramus with or without hairs (E) Antennules of 11-17 segments (F)

Features of species vernalis sensu lata** Female antennules 17 segmented (F) Inner surface of caudal ramus smooth or with tiny spinules or fine hairs (E) Caudal ramus greater than three times longer than wide (G) Large species, 1.0 to 2.0 mm long (H)

Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek ♀ Planktonic and benthic habitats; sediments: lotus bed, open water, and sedge meadow General Ecology Habit: Swimmers 1 23 Functional feeding groups: Omnivores, predators, 4 detritivores; filter feeders 5 6 References: HRLS 18-27; BK&D 95; R&W 843-844, 7 869-872, 875-876; P 414 8 G 9 Photographs: A Mohawk Static 9-8-98 (top 10 11 Ventral and lower right images) (composite images) 12 E View Coote’s Paradise Lake Ontario 24-26 Oct. 2010 Tori 13 Vaccariello (middle and lower left images) 14 F 15 (composite images) 16 17 * According to R&W, Acanthocyclops is a cosmopolitan genus with many species. The speciose nature of Dorsal this genus leads to rather generalized descriptions for the genus features listed above. View ♀ ** The specimens shown on this page are members of the Acanthocyclops vernalis-robustus group. According to R&W, this group contains the following species: A. vernalis, A. brevispinosus, A. carolinianus, A. robustus, A. einslei, and A. trajani. The representative specimen from this group shown here is A. robustus.

Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae:

Features of Order Cyclopoida Antennules not typically reaching beyond the genital A B segment (A) Narrowing of body occurs between segments with the fourth and fifth legs (B) Fifth leg small and first segment not enlarged on the inside margin (C) Both first antennae geniculate in males (not shown) Dorsal View H ♀ Features of Family Cyclopidae Mandibular palp either absent, or of a minute segment Ventral ♀ with one to three setae (not shown) View Features of Genus Diacyclops Leg five with an inner subapical spine longer than D segment two (D) Typically without hairs on the inner margins of the caudal rami (E) Female antennules with 17 segments (not shown) C Features of species thomasi Caudal ramus roughly six to seven times longer than wide (F) Lateral seta inserted about midlength of distance from base to apex of caudal ramus (G) Size from 0.9 to 1.4 mm long (H)

Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek ♀ Planktonic and benthic habitats; sediments; open water, lotus bed, drowned OWC channel at upper end of wetland G General Ecology F Habit: Swimmers Functional feeding groups: Omnivores, predators E detritivores, and filter feeders

Dorsal References: HRLS 18-27; BK&D 45-48, 96-98;R&W View 843-844, 869-872, 878-880; P 414

Photographs: Zooplankton CW 82 781011 R CLEVE WQL (composite images: all images) Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae: Eucyclops agilis

Features of Order Cyclopoida Antennules not typically reaching beyond the genital A segment (not shown) Narrowing of body occurs between segments with the fourth and fifth legs (A) ♀ Fifth leg small and first segment not enlarged on the F inside margin (B) Dorsal view Both first antennae geniculate in males (not shown)

~ 25 µm ♀ Features of Family Cyclopidae Mandibular palp either absent, or of a minute segment D with one to three setae (not shown) Dorsal

view Features of Genus Eucyclops Caudal ramus of females with a row of small spines C on the outer margin (C) ~103 Caudal ramus typically more than four times as long µm as wide (D) Antennules with 12 segments (E)

Features of species agilis Caudal ramus less than 5 times as long as wide (D) Size from 0.6 to 1.5 mm long (F)

Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek Sediment of open water, lotus bed, drowned OWC channel at upper end of wetland. ♀ Vegetated estuary: epiphytic; planktonic habitats 1 2 3 B ♀ 4 5 6 General Ecology 7 Habit: Swimmers 8 Functional feeding groups: Omnivores, carnivores, Dorsal 9 and detritivores view 10 References: BK&D 47, 115; R&W 843-844; P 414; E HRLS 18-22 11 Photographs: Coote’s Paradise Lake Ontario 24-26 Oct. 2010 Collected by: Tori Vaccariello (top 12 image) OWC Plankton Lotus Bed 20111011 JAB (lower three images: phase contrast)

Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae: Eucyclops elegans

Features of Order Cyclopoida Dorsal view B Length of first antennae not typically reaching beyond ♀ the genital segment (A) Narrowing of body occurs between segments with the fourth and fifth legs (B) A Fifth leg small and first segment not enlarged on the F inside margin (not shown) (see E. agilis fifth leg image as the general shape is similar with E. elegans having longer setae than E. agilis) Both antennules geniculate in males (not shown)

Dorsal D view Features of Family Cyclopidae ~ 21 µm Mandibular palp either absent, or of a minute segment with one to three setae (not shown)

Features of Genus Eucyclops Caudal ramus of females with a row of small spines on the outer margin (C) Caudal ramus typically more than four times as long as wide (D) Antennules with 12 segments (E) C ~125

µm Features of species elegans Caudal ramus more than five times as long as wide (D) Size from 1.25 to 1.4 mm long (F)

Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek Planktonic and benthic habitats; sediments of open water, lotus bed, drowned OWC channel at upper end of wetland

General Ecology ♀ Habit: Swimmers Functional feeding groups: Omnivores, carnivores, detritivores

E 10 9 8 References: BK&D 47, 115; R&W 843-844; P 414; 7 ♀ 11 6 5 HRLS 18-22 12 4 3 2 Photographs: Zooplankton OWC West Island edge of 1 phragmites bed T-1 July 2006 Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae: Macrocyclops albidus

Features of Order Cyclopoida ♂ A Length of first antennae not typically reaching beyond H the genital segment (A) B Narrowing of body occurs between segments with the fourth and fifth legs (B) Fifth leg small and first segment not enlarged on the Dorsal inside margin (C) view Both antennules geniculate in males (A)

Features of Family Cyclopidae Ventral C view Mandibular palp either absent, or of a minute segment with one to three setae (not shown) D Features of Genus Macrocyclops Fifth legs two segmented with distal segment broad ♀ and bearing three spines and/or setae (D) Antennules with 17 segments (E) Dorsal view ♀ Features of species albidus 1 F 2 Hairs absent on inner margin of caudal ramus (F) 3 Hyaline membrane of antennule segment 17 with fine 4 comb-like teeth on margin (G) 5 Size from 0.79 to 2.5 mm long (H) 6 7 Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek 8 Sediment of open water, lotus bed, drowned OWC channel at upper end of wetland 9 10 11 General Ecology E Habit: Swimmers 12 Functional feeding groups: Omnivores, predators, 13 G and detritivores 14 15 References: BK&D 38, 116; P 414; R&W 843-844, 854, 868-870

16 Photographs: TW Ackerman Ditch June 30, 2011 Ekman #1 P: ¼ (top and middle right images: dark field) 17

♀ Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae: Mesocyclops edax

Features of Order Cyclopoida A I ♀ Length of first antennae not typically reaching beyond the genital segment (not shown) Narrowing of body occurs between segments with the fourth and fifth legs (A) Fifth leg small and first segment not enlarged on the Lateral View inside margin (B) Both first antennae geniculate in males (not shown) Dorsal view D Features of Family Cyclopidae Mandibular palp either absent, or of a minute segment with one to three setae (not shown)

Features of Genus Mesocyclops Subterminal inner spine on distal segment of fifth leg, or in the middle of the margin (C) Lateral seta of caudal ramus in middle third of ramus (D) F Female terminal segment (17) of antennules typically ♀ 3 or more times longer than wide (E)

H Features of species edax Caudal ramus inner surface with hairs (F) and rami typically divergent Terminal seta (G) of leg 5 shorter than inner spine of G ♀ distal segment (H) Size of 0.7 to 1.5 mm long (I) Ventral E view Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek Benthic habitats; sediment of open water and lotus bed

General Ecology Habit: Swimmers Functional feeding groups: Omnivores, detritivores, B predators, and filter feeders

References: BK&D 100; R&W 843-844; P 414; HRLS 2nd 25 Seg. Photographs: V1 17, July 2009 Lake Erie (composite st 1 image: all images) C Seg. ♀ Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae: Tropocyclops prasinus mexicanus

Features of Order Cyclopoida Length of first antennae not typically reaching beyond C E F the genital segment (A) (note that top right portion of this specimens head is damaged) Narrowing of body occurs between segments with the fourth and fifth legs (B) Fifth leg small and first segment not enlarged on the B inside margin (not shown) A Both antennules geniculate in males (not shown) Typically adult females carry two egg sacs (C) (note Dorsal that the right egg sac is missing) ♀ view Features of Family Cyclopidae Mandibular palp either absent, or of a minute segment with one to three setae (not shown) D Features of Genus Tropocyclops Last two segments of female first antennae more than three times longer than wide (D) Body rounded with little sclerotization and often dark green or blue in color (E) (note that top right portion of this specimens head is damaged) Antennules with 12 segments (not shown) ♀ Features of species prasinus mexicanus Small (0.5 to 0.8 mm) (F) ♀ 1st antennae reaches genital segment (A) G Caudal ramus less than four times as long as wide, with no small spines on outer lateral margin (G)

Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek Planktonic and benthic habitats; sediments of open water and lotus bed

General Ecology Habit: Swimmers Functional feeding groups: Omnivores, carnivores, detritivores and filter feeders

References: BK&D 46, 102; HRLS 22; R&W 843-844; P 414 Dorsal view Photographs: OWC Zooplankton Lotus Bed 20111011 JAB (top two images) OWC Zooplankton Near Phragmites Bed 20111011 JAB (lower image: composite photo) Note that Dorsal views of T. pr. mexicanus some of the caudal setae are broken off.

Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Canthocamptidae: Attheyella (Neomrazekiella) illinoisensis

B Features of Order Harpacticoida ♀ Metasome not conspicuously distinct from the urosome (A) Metasome Antennules shorter than the cephalic segment (B)

A Features of Family Canthocamptidae Urosome Female antennules with6-9 segments (typically 8) (not shown) H Leg 5 of two conspicuous segments (C)

Dorsal-Lateral View Features of Genus Attheyella Leg 1 endopod segment 1 reaching to or beyond the middle of segment 3 of exopod (D) Female endopod of legs 2 and 3, is 2 segmented (not Leg shown) 1 Female with 6 setae on the basal expansion of leg 5 G none of which tiny (E) Endopod of male leg 2 is not modified (not shown) 1 Features of species illinoisensis 2 F Outer margin of female caudal ramus not constricted 1 in distal half (F) 3 Outer caudal setae not modified (G) D 2 Leg 4 of males without modified spines on segment 3 of exopod (not shown) 3 Size of 0.85 to 1.0 mm long (H)

Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek ♀ Benthic habitats; sediments of open water Ventral View Ventral View ♀ General Ecology Habit: Crawlers/runners Functional feeding groups: Omnivores; mostly ♀ scrapers or detritivores

C References: BK&D 38; R&W 843-844,884-885; B 840, 846, P 414

Photographs: Snuff Ditch CR 38 Seneca County, OH Ekman #1 June 22, 2011 (composite images used E for lower three images) Dorsal View Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Canthocamptidae: Canthocamptus robertcokeri*

Features of Order Harpacticoida Metasome is not conspicuously distinct from the Dorsal urosome (not shown) view 1st antennae are shorter than the cephalic segment (A)

Features of Family Canthocamptidae A Female first antenna contains 6-9 segments (typically 8) (B) Leg 5 comprised of two conspicuous segments (C)

8 7 Features of Genus Canthocamptus 1 3 45 6 Next from outermost seta of female leg 5 endopod tiny 2 (D) B ♀ Spinous process on outer corner of last segment of endopod of leg 4 (male) (not shown)

Ventral ♀ Features of species robertcokeri view Outer apical seta of caudal ramus extremely slender (E) and typically smooth D Leg five male exopod with five setae (not shown) Row of spines on posterior end of caudal rami (F) Size of 0.55 to 0.80 mm long (not shown)

Where Recorded at Old Woman Creek Benthic habitats; sediment of open water, lotus bed

General Ecology Habit: Crawlers/runners C Functional feeding groups: Omnivores and detritivores

References: R&W 882-884, 893-894; P 414 F Photographs: Zooplankton CE90R L. Erie 780525 (phase contrast: all images)

*Note there is no image of the entire specimen for this species.

Dorsal ♀ view E