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Oecd Dac Handbook on Security System Reform (Ssr) Supporting Security and Justice

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Oecd Dac Handbook on Security System Reform (Ssr) Supporting Security and Justice IF-SSR THE OECD DAC HANDBOOK ON SECURITY SYSTEM REFORM (SSR) SUPPORTING SECURITY AND JUSTICE 1 ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the eco- nomic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily refl ect the offi cial views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. This report is also available in French under the title: “Manuel de l’OCDE/CAD sur la réforme des systèmes de sécurité: soutenir la sécurité et la justice”. © OECD 2007 No reproduction, copy, transmission or translation of this publication may be made without written permission. Applications should be sent to OECD Publishing: rights@ oecd.org or by fax (33 1) 45 24 13 91. Permission to photocopy a portion of this work should be addressed to the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie, 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France ([email protected]). 2 Foreword Recent debate within the international community has centred on the challenge of insecurity and confl ict as a barrier to political, economic and social development. If states are to create the conditions in which they can escape from a downward spiral wherein insecurity, criminalisation and under-development are mutually reinforcing, socio-economic and security dimensions must be tack- led simultaneously. The traditional concept of security is being redefi ned to include not only state stability and the security of nations but also a clear focus on the safety and well-being of their people. The recogni- tion that development and security are inextricably linked is enabling security in partner countries to be viewed as a public policy and governance issue inviting greater public scrutiny. A democratically run, accountable and effi cient security system helps reduce the risk of confl ict, thus creating an en- abling environment for development to occur. This was a central theme of the 2004 DAC Guidelines on Security System Reform and Governance. These guidelines have not only provided donors with a new direction and understanding of the security-development nexus, but have challenged donors to consider how their programmes are designed, implemented and evaluated, and how resources from across government agencies can be best used to support SSR processes. Security System Reform has now become a central component of efforts to overcome fragility and confl ict in a number of countries, from Sierra Leone to the Solomon Islands. The challenge for donors remains how to ensure that they support reform processes that are sustainable; underpin poverty reduction through enhanced service delivery; and help develop effective and accountable systems of security and justice. The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform (SSR): Supporting Security and Justice provides guidance to operationalise the DAC SSR guidelines and close the gap between policy and practice. It is targeted at development, security, rule of law and diplomatic personnel - practitioners in fi eld missions and those working on policy and strategy issues at head- quarters. It is based on experience gathered both from countries that have undertaken security and justice reforms, and the work of the international community in supporting, confl ict prevention and peacebuilding over the past decade. The purpose of the handbook is to ensure that donor support to SSR programmes is both effective and sustainable. The DAC’s work has provided a platform from which to reach out to actors in the security systems and to partner countries. In particular, there is growing acknowledgement that the DAC’s governance principles for SSR can help frame the technical inputs provided by diplomatic and security policy communities. This approach provides a framework greater coordination and integra- tion of development, security and justice policies and practices. It aims to make the international community’s support to SSR more effect, its impact more sustainable, and its vision more in tune with peoples needs. Angel Gurría Richard Manning Secretary-General of the OECD DAC Chair 3 Acknowledgements This publication is the result of a collaborative effort by members of the DAC Network on Confl ict, Peace and Development Co-operation (CPDC). However, as with all processes of this scale, it has benefi ted from the experience and input of a wide range of colleagues from across the security, development and diplomatic communities. The process of developing this handbook was managed and led by Graham Thompson (DFID and Chair of the CPDC Task Team on Security System Reform) and Mark Downes (OECD Directorate for Development Co-operation). The Co-ordinating Editor was Andrew McLean and the fourth member of the editorial team was Lisa Williams (OECD Directorate for Development Co-operation). Special thanks also go to Mark White for his assistance to the editorial board in the latter stages of this work. The fi rst phase of the process was developed by a consortium that included Bradford University (Malcolm Chalmers, Owen Greene and Christopher Cushing), Clingendael (Luc van de Goor), and Saferworld (Andrew McLean and Paul Eavis). This version formed the basis of the SSR Practitioners Workshop held at the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) in Ghana in December 2005. The facilitators for the meeting, the rapporteurs and chairs for the various breakout groups included the above drafting team together with Adedeji Ebo (DCAF), Innocent Chukwuma (CLEEN), Lu Ecclestone (DFID/PCRU), Rod Evans (DFID), Ann Fitz Gerald (Cranfi eld University), Yannick Hingorani, Benjamin Kunbuor, Graham Mathias (Saferworld), Laurie Nathan, Uju Ogomoh (PRAWA), Gordon Peake, Jonathan Sandy (ONS Sierra Leone), Peter Viner and Peter Wilson (SSDAT). The second phase of this process brought together a number of SSR experts to work on specifi c aspects of this publication, including Rob Allen (International Centre for Prison Studies), Bernardo Arevalo de Leon (Interpeace), Peter Batchelor (UNDP), Hans Born (DCAF), Michael Brzoska (ISFH), Inger Buxton (European Commission), Andrew Carpenter (UNDPKO), Izabella Cooper (UNDP), Patrick Doelle (European Commission), Mark Downes (OECD), Renata Dwan (UNDPKO), Paul Eavis (Saferworld), Hans-Georg Ehrhart (ISFH), Antoine Gouzee-de-Harven (European Commission), Linn Hammergren (World Bank), Dylan Hendrickson (Kings College, London), Isabelle Hight (UNDPKO), Francis James (UNDP), Kate Joseph (DFID), Anicia Lala (Africa Security Sector Network), Graham Mathias (Saferworld), Alexander Mayer-Rieckh (International Centre for Transitional Justice), Andrew McLean, Peter Middlebrook and Sharon Miller (Middlebrook and Miller), Robert Muggah (Small Arms Survey), Richard Murray, Sue Nelson, Gordon Peake, Juliet Pierce, Laure-Hélène Piron (DFID), Serge Rumin (ICTJ), Simon Rynn (Saferworld), Vicenza Scherrer (DCAF), Eric Scheye, Paul Scott (Crown Agents), Mark Shaw (UNODC), Henry Smith (Saferworld), Graham Thompson (DFID), Tracy Vienings, Achim Wennmann (Graduate Institute of International Relations, Geneva), Mark White (DFID), Lisa Williams (OECD) and Peter Wilson (SSDAT). There were also a number of consultations that allowed the editorial board to test aspects of this work, including a regional consultation in Latin America hosted in Bolivia by the Observatorio Democ- racia y Seguridad, Universidad de la Cordillera and the Bolivian Police Academy, with the assistance of Catherine Weiss (UK FCO) and Angus Morris (SSDAT). The Africa Security Sector Network (ASSN) facilitated an opportunity to share our work with their network and we are also grateful for their input, particularly in leading on the section on civil society. A further country-level consultation was held in the Democratic Republic of Congo, with the assistance of the European Commission, EUSEC, EUPOL and the Embassy of Belgium; our thanks go to Rory Keane, Leila Bouchebouba, Sophie de Camara and Junior de Fabrickers for facilitating that consultation. There were also a number of whole- of-government/organisation consultations held in Canada, Sweden and the United Kingdom, at the United Nations and with the United States. These were supplemented by thematic workshops on security and justice service delivery and the evaluation of SSR programmes
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