Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 490 Education, Language and Inter-cultural Communication (ELIC 2020)

An Overview of the Study of Interpretations on Bamboo Slips From Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi & Zhaowangyugongzhitun, Jiandawangbohan in Shangbo Bamboo Slips (IV) Yanmei Zhang1,* Shaofang Wu1

1School of Foreign Languages, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, , China *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT There are 9 bamboo books in the in Museum, which are precious historical materials for studying the characters and culture of in the pre-Qin period. Since its discovery, experts and scholars have been studying it. In this paper, there are four aspects closely related to the study of interpretation, i.e. the compilation and connection of bamboo slips, the interpretation of words and sentences, the translation of interpretation, cultural background, etc. A comprehensive review of relevant studies on three bamboo slips in volume 4, i.e. Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi, Jiandawangbohan, inside and outside China is conducted in this paper.

Keywords: Shangbo bamboo slips (IV), Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi, Jiandawangbohan There are only 6 bamboo slips in Caifengqumu, I. INTRODUCTION which is a series of songs catalogues compiled by the Chu bamboo scripts appeared in music officials of Chu state. There are 39 pieces of cultural relics market in 1994 which was collected by repertoires, which are classified and marked by 4 . The time and place of its excavation famous tune names of Gong, Shang, Zhi and Yu, have not been confirmed. It is said that it came from making oral literature and folk song tunes spread for a Hubei, China. The bamboo books of Chu in the long time. Warring States period collected in Shanghai Museum There are 10 bamboo slips, 388 words, whose consist of 9 volumes, which are precious historical contents are composed two parts of Zhaowanghuishi materials for studying the characters and culture of Chu and Zhaowangyugongzhitun. They are all about the in the pre-Qin period and Warring States period in brief historical materials of the King Zhao of Chu. ancient China. The 3 bamboo books studied in this paper, i.e. Caifengqumu (repertoires named Caifeng.), There are 23 slips and 601 words in the bamboo Zhaowanghuishi (It means the King Zhao destroyed his book of Jiandawangbohan, including military, official palace.) & Zhaowangyugongzhitun (It means the King system, medicine, meteorology, religion and other Zhao and Gong Zhitun.), Jiandawangbohan (It means aspects. the King Jian hold a ceremony to eliminate drought.) are all included in volume 4, namely, the Chu bamboo II. A REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES book (IV) collected by Shanghai Museum during the Warring States period. Chu bamboo book (IV) collected The bamboo books of Chu in the Warring States by Shanghai Museum was published in December period in Shanghai Museum have been studied by 2004, edited by Mr. Ma Chengyuan and published by experts and scholars since they were unearthed and Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House. There are 7 discovered. Through consulting the relevant literature pieces of bamboo books. The three pieces of bamboo journals, Wuhan University silk network, Fudan books studied in this paper are Caifengqumu, University unearthed literature and Ancient Characters Zhaowanghuishi & Zhaowangyugongzhitun, Research Center network, we have retrieved a total of Jiandawangbohan. Among them, Caifengqumu is a 116 research documents (species) related to "Shangbo record of Chu Music in the Warring States period. 4". Among them, there are 45 kinds of literatures Zhaowanghuishi & Zhaowangyugongzhitun and related to the three simple articles of Caifengqumu, Jiandawangbohan are all cultural stories about the king Zhaowanghuishi, Jiandawangbohan. Among the 45 of Chu. articles, there are 21 articles related to the study of the

Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 587 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 490

interpretation of the three articles, i.e. Caifengqumu, bamboo slips compilation in the fourth middle school of Zhaowanghuishi, Jiandawangbohan. It mainly focuses Shangbo, among which the article Jiandawangbohan on the following four aspects: draws on the arrangement and combination form proposed by Mr. Chen Sipeng and Mr. Dong Shan.  Bamboo weaving The above literature collected and elaborated the  Words interpretation main arrangement methods of bamboo slips and the  Interpretation of text translation arrangement views of the main scholars, which is conducive to the following researchers to sort out the  Cultural background general idea of the bamboo slips in an orderly manner, and can provide research ideas for the research of The representative literatures of these four aspects "interpretation, proofreading and recording" related to are 2 (species), 7 (species), 5 (species) and 7 (species). the bamboo slips. The details can be shown in pie charts as follows ("Fig. 1"): B. Words interpretation There are 7 kinds of documents about the relevant research on the interpretation of three bamboo words and sentences in Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi, Jiandawangbohan: Mr. Ma Chengyuan, Mr. Chen Peifen and Mr. Pu Maozuo, respectively, have made a detailed explanation and examination of the word contrast and scanning diagram of the three articles. Chen Wei, "new research on Jiandawangbohan", this paper combs the basic background of the book and makes an explanation of the words in

Jiandawangbohan. Fig. 1. Shangbo (IV) literatures related. Zhang Sheng, "a study on the function words in Chu The following is a comprehensive review of the bamboo book (IV) of Warring States period in relevant domestic and overseas studies of Caifengqumu, Shanghai Museum collection", this paper makes a Zhaowanghuishi, Jiandawangbohan from four aspects detailed classification statistics and Research on the which are closely related to the study of bamboo slips, function words in the four slips of Shangbo from the such as the compilation of bamboo slips, the perspective of grammar research and Chinese history. interpretation of words and sentences, the modern Zhang Chongli, "explaining the Chu characters 'LIE translation of bamboo slips, and the cultural (列)' and the characters that get sound from 'LIE (列)'", background. this paper explains the Chu characters from the shape, analyzes other characters related to the characters by A. Bamboo weaving linking the pronunciation and meaning of the There are two kinds of documents about the characters. compilation of bamboo slips in three bamboo books, Fu Qiang and Xue Peiwu, "explaining to the word i.e. Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi, Jiandawangbohan: 'MU (沐)' in Shangbo bamboo slips", this paper lists the Yu Shaohong, "notes on the collation of bamboo opinions of many scholars and the form of bamboo slips in Shanghai Museum collection". In this slips, and makes a detailed analysis of the specific monograph, Jiandawangbohan, it introduces the views words in Caifengqumu. of many scholars such as Mr. Chen Sipeng and Mr. Chen Jian on bamboo slips compilation. However, this Chen Jian, "a brief examination of the word 'GE (葛)' monograph was published in 2016 and has been in the bamboo book of Shangbo ", arranges the published for 4 years. During this period, a large evolution of the word 'GE (葛)' in the simple text, and number of scholars' opinions have emerged, so it needs explains and tests the word comprehensively from its to be improved by future generations. evolution. Xu Lei, "research survey and text arrangement of Wei Houkai, "supplementary interpretation of the Chu bamboo book (IV) in Shanghai Museum collection character 'QI (起)' in the bamboo slips of Chu", this during the Warring States period", the first part of this paper introduces the content of No.17 slips in the paper introduces several controversial sequence of

588 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 490

Jiandawangbohan to focus on the interpretation and translation and English translation work related to examination of the word "QI (起)". Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi & Zhaowangyugongzhitun, Jiandawangbohan. The monographs and journal papers above, provide different research ideas and references for the follow-up D. Cultural background studies of Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi, Jiandawangbohan from various aspects, such as There are 7 kinds of literature about the cultural interpretation and examination methods, interpretation background of three bamboo books, i.e. Caifengqumu, and examination contents. However, these papers are Zhaowanghuishi & Zhaowangyugongzhitun, relatively scattered, and the number of their creations Jiandawangbohan. varies from year to year. In the follow-up studies, it is Wu Xiaoyi, "A collection of official names seen in necessary for later researchers to gather up-to-date the bamboo book of Chu in the Warring States period views and do sorting out, and then on the basis of (IV) collected by Shanghai Museum", this paper previous scholars put forward some new views. expounds the country, the scope of the duties and the rank and grade of the official names in the pre-Qin C. Interpretation of text translation period. There are five kinds of documents about the present This paper of "Narrative structure and religious translation of three bamboo book interpretations: background of Jiandawangbohan" provides a proof for Ji Xusheng, "the bamboo book (IV) of Chu in the the scattered and incomplete arrangement of bamboo Warring States period in Shanghai Museum collection", slips, and discusses the religious sacrifice method of the author has done the "language translation" of some "killing sacrifice" in the bamboo slips. of the simplified Chinese. Zhang Chongli, on the problems related to the In this paper, the author puts forward his own views "ChengYi" in Zhaowanghuishi of the fourth book of on the meaning of some words, and makes a modern Shangbo, this paper explores the element of "ChengYi" translation of Zhaowanghuishi. and deeply understands the social culture of Chu. Zhang Chongli, "a miscellany of reading the Gongteng Yuannan, "Chu culture" in the theory of bamboo book of Shangbo, Jiandawangbohan", in this regional culture, this paper briefly expounds the Chu paper, the meaning of No.1-No.10 slips and No.16- culture in the story of praying for rain in No.23 slips is connected by several important words, Jiandawangbohan. which plays an important role in sorting out and Qianye Yuyi, In the paper of the ideas of disaster in interpreting the present translation of the text. Zhaowangyugongzhitun of the fourth book of Shangbo, Shan Yuchen, "a study on the reading of the the structure of the whole paper is summarized and the bamboo slips and the handed down documents of the concept of ghosts and gods of the Chu people is Warring States period in the Chu area", introduced the discussed in details. method and importance of the reading of the bamboo Yang Xiaoyi, the study of Chu poetry in pre-Qin slips and the handed down documents of the Warring Dynasty, analyzes the music name and tune name of States period from the perspective of methodology. Caifengqumu to analyze the corresponding relationship Zhang Yonglu, "The National Languages and the between music and southern folk songs, reflecting Chu generation of early texts — starting from Shangbo Chu music culture. bamboo slips Zhaowanghuishi", this paper takes the Fang Jianjun, Chu bamboo slips Caifengqumu bamboo and silk document Zhaowanghuishi as an interpretation, this paper from the perspective of example to study how the "source" of unearthed Musicology Caifengqumu in part of the text of documents with chapter as the unit transits to the "flow" interpretation. of handed down documents. All of the mentioned papers above provide The above monographs and papers provide an references for the cultural background of this paper. important reference for the follow-up study of modern Caifengqumu is a pre-Qin poetry repertoire and translation of Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi & Zhaowanghuishi & Zhaowangyugongzhitun need to zhaowangyugongzhitun, Jiandawangbohan. A good know the funeral rites of the Chu people. modern translation can contribute to the popularization Jiandawangbohan involves the cultural background and dissemination of the simplified text. Mr. Ji knowledge of religion, official system, meteorology and Xusheng and Mr. Zhang Chongli are both important other aspects of the Chu state. Only by understanding scholars in the study of ancient Chinese characters. the culture of Chu, we can better understand the Their views are important theoretical support for the language and characters of Chu state. following researchers to carry out the current

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III. THE NECESSITY OF THE COMPREHENSIVE arrangement and research of the interpretation and AND SYSTEMATIC COLLECTION AND related issues of Chu bamboo books in the Warring States period in Shanghai Museum, and for the INTERPRETATION OF THE RELEVANT SIMPLE establishment of a more detailed unearthed literature ARTICLES SUCH AS CAIFENGQUMU, corpus. ZHAOWANGHUISHI & ZHAOWANGYUGONGZHITUN, IV. CONCLUSION JIANDAWANGBOHAN From the four aspects closely related to the study of At present, the most complete interpretation of the interpretation, such as the compilation of bamboo slips, three bamboo books(IV) in Shangbo, Caifengqumu, the interpretation of words and sentences, the present Zhaowanghuishi & Zhaowangyugongzhitun, translation of interpretation, and the cultural Jiandawangbohan, appeared in Shanghai Museum Chu background, we have made a comprehensive review of bamboo book (IV) published by Shanghai Ancient the relevant domestic and overseas studies on three Books Publishing House, edited by Mr. Ma Chengyuan bamboo slips, i.e. Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi & in 2004, and in Shanghai Museum Chu slips published Zhaowangyugongzhitun, Jiandawangbohan. At the by China Social Science Publishing House, written by same time, This paper also discusses the necessity of Mr. Yu Shaohong in 2016. Among them, the latter is the comprehensive and systematic work of collective the most complete and up-to-date book. However, interpretation and collective examination of the relevant looking at the above four aspects of relevant domestic bamboo slips, such as Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi and overseas researches, such as the compilation of & Zhaowangyugongzhitun, Jiandawangbohan. bamboo slips, the interpretation of words and sentences, the interpretation of modern translation, and cultural Although the research process of ancient Chinese background, we will find that many opinions on three characters is full of hardships, there are many bamboo slips, i.e. Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi & documents to be consulted, and the characters are Zhaowangyugongzhitun, Jiandawangbohan, have not complex and need to be careful, we sincerely believe appeared in this latest authoritative work for many that this is a promising and infinitely possible research years. It is true that this book has been published in field, and we sincerely hope that through our efforts, we 2016, and has been published for more than three years can follow up with three simple articles, i.e. There are also some new research findings; however, Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi & we also found that some new opinions published Zhaowangyugongzhitun, Jiandawangbohan. It not only successively before the publication of the book in 2016 comprehensively gathers the previous research results, did not appear in the latest interpretation of the 2016 but also puts forward and displays our own edition of the notes to Chu bamboo slips in Shanghai interpretation opinions on controversial words and Museum collection by Mr. Yu Shaohong. At the same sentences with various views, and provides the rational time, we can also see that there are many opinions on explanation of the views from many aspects and angles, interpretation and examination, and many words are such as pronunciations, meanings and fonts, for still to be examined. Even though the latest Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi & proofreading and interpretation on Chu bamboo books zhaowangyugongzhitun, Jiandawangbohan. in Warring States period in Shanghai Museum written In addition, the bamboo slips culture is a beautiful by Yu Shaohong in 2016, there are still many landscape of Chinese culture. Three pieces of bamboo controversial issues to be explored. books are discussed in this paper, i.e. Caifengqumu, Therefore, it is necessary to collect and sort out Zhaowanghuishi & Zhaowangyugongzhitun, authoritative monographs, relevant journal documents Jiandawangbohan, and other pieces of bamboo books and scattered papers on the bamboo websites, carefully (volumes 1-9) collected in Shanghai Museum, which study and sort out the latest research results of scholars, are valuable documents for studying Chu characters in and publish valuable bamboo slips (IV) in the collection the pre-Qin period of ancient China. We are looking of Caifengqumu, Zhaowanghuishi & forward to further opportunities to do some translation Zhaowangyugongzhitun, Jiandawangbohan which are work of Chinese academic achievements on them, as scattered in many single papers published by different well as other chapters of Chu bamboo books (volume 1- researchers in relevant monographs, paper collections, 9) collected by Shanghai Museum, so as to make the literature journals and related bamboo websites in research of ancient Chinese characters better go to the recent years It is a necessary research work to study the world, better understand Chinese culture for the people differences, controversies and places to be examined, to of the world, and do our best to do our best. think about and study carefully, and to put forward the author's own opinions on this basis. This kind of research work will have great theoretical significance and unique academic value for the systematic

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Acknowledgment This research was financially supported by five projects: The Philosophy and Social Science Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2018, a key project, with the project index number 1917047, in which the content was 'Research on the development of pronoun in unearthed pre-Qin literature'. The Project of National Social Science Foundation in 2017, with the project index number 17AYY014, in which the content was 'content words study of excavated documents of the Warring States and lexicography'. The second batch of Industry-University-Research Cooperative Education Projects of the Ministry of Education in 2018, a key project, with the project index number 201802362016, in which the content was 'The building of "Jingchu outstanding teachers" for Chinese International Education in the new media era'. Wuhan Institute of Technology Science Research Fund project in 2019, with the project index number K201928, in which the content was 'Interpretation and related issues of Shangbo(I) bamboo slips'. Research Project of Teaching Reform in Wuhan Institute of Technology in 2018, with the project index number X2018049, in which the content was 'Research on the Integration of excellent Chinese character culture into Hubei Higher education'.

References [1] Ma Chengyuan. Bamboo books of Chu in the Warring States period in Shanghai Museum (IV) [M]. Shanghai ancient books publishing, 2004, 15-22, 31-68159-170179-216. [2] Ji Xusheng. The fourth book of Chu bamboo in Warring States period in Shanghai Museum [M]. Peking University Press, 2009, 1-28, 49-102278-292296-298. [3] Yu Shaohong. Notes on Chujian collected in Shanghai Museum [M]. China Social Sciences Press, 2016195-203210-228. [4] Xu Lei. Research survey and text arrangement of Chu bamboo book (4) collected by Shanghai Museum [D]. Northeast Normal University, 2006. [5] Shan Yuchen. A study of bamboo and silk in Chu and Warring States period and the reading of handed down documents [D]. Jilin University, 2010. [6] Wu Xiaoyi. Evidence of official names in the collection of Chu bamboo books of Warring States period in Shanghai Museum [N]. Jianbo.com, June 5, 2009. [7] Zhang Chongli. Notes on reading the fourth book of Shangbo (Zhaowang and gongzhixi) [N]. Research Center for unearthed documents and ancient characters, , May 1, 2007.

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