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WILC Vol9 Jenison Optimized.Pdf WORKPAPBRS IN INDONBSIAN LANGUAGBS.... AND CULTURBS VOLUMS 9 - IRIAN JAYA • . -' , ~ .. • Cenderawasih University ~ and The Summer InstLtute of Linguistics in cooperation with The Department of Education and Culture WORKPAPBRS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES VOLUME 9 - IRIAN JAYA Margaret Hartzler, LaLani Wood, Editors Cenderaw8sih University and The Summer Institute of Linguistics in cooperation with The Department of Education and Cultu-re J Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and Cultures Volume 9 - Irian Jaya Margaret Hartzler, LaLani Wood, Editors Printed 1991 Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia copies of this publication may be obtained from Summer Institute of Linguistics P.O. Box 1800 Jayapura, Irian Jaya 99018 Indonesia Microfiche copies of this and other pUblications of the Summer Institute of Linguistics may be obtained from . Academic Book Center Summer Institute of Linguistics 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road Dallas, TX 75236 U.S.A. ISBN 979-8132-734 Prakata Saya menyambut dengan gembira penerbitan buku Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and Cultures , Volume 9 - Irian Jaya. Penerbitan ini merupakan bukti kemajuan serta keberhasilan yang dicapai oleh Proyek Kerjasama Universitas Cenderawasih dengan Summer Institute of Linguistics , Irian Jaya. Buku ini juga merupakan wujud nyata peranserta para anggota SIL dalam membantu pengembangan masyarakat umumnya dan masyarakat pedesaan Irian Jaya khususnya. Selain berbagai informasi ilmiah tentang bahasa-bahasa daerah dan kebudayaan suku-suku setempat, buku ini sekaligus mengungkapkan sebagian kecil kekayaan budaya bangs a kita yang berada di Irian Jaya. Dengan adanya penerbitan ini, diharapkan penulis-penulis yang lain akan didorong minatnya agar dapat menyumbangkan pengetahuan yang berguna bagi generasi-generasi yang akan datang dan untuk kepentingan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Saya mengucapkan terima kasih kepada para peneliti dan tenaga teknis SIL yang telah berupaya serta bekerja keras sehingga buku ini dapat diterbitkan. Saya mengharapkan semoga buku ini berguna bagi para ilrnuan, masyarakat akademis, para mahasiswa, pejabat pemerintah, dan masyarakat pembaca pad a umumnya. Jayapura l Agustus 1991 Universitas Cenderwasih , vV----------- Drs. August Kafiar, MA i Preface Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and Cultures is published by the Cooperative Programs between the Summer Institute of Linguistics and Hasanuddin University in Sulawesi, Pattimura University in Maluku and Cenderawasih University in Irian Jaya. Its purpose is to share some of the results of research projects conducted by these cooperative programs. On occasion the findings of other researchers are also included. Volume 9 in this series focuses on the Lakes Plain region of Irian Jaya. Irian Jaya, Indonesia's eastern-most province is home to more than 250 diverse languages, many of which are still undocumented. One of the least known areas is the Lakes Plain, which lies in the flood plain of the Idenberg and Roufaer rivers. These languages are unique in several ways. Among these are the absence of phonemic nasals, and the presence of 'fricative' vokoids (possibly resulting from the coalescence of a vowel and consonant) which a.re represented in this volume by the symbols ,~, and 'e'. There are other 'surprises' as well. The articles in this volume are preliminary descriptions of the sound patterns of four Lakes Plain languages. Peter and Gudrun Dommel have reported on the Kaure language. Scott and Priscilla Jenison, Dave Martin and Lawrence and Kay McAllister have analyzed three related languages, Obokuitai, Sikaritai and Doutai respectively. It is hoped that the data presented in these papers will serve to increase understanding of the Lakes Plain and ,stimulate further res"earch. The editors would like to express our deep appreciation for Cenderawasih University and the government of Indonesia. Their sponsorship and encouragement have made this research possible. LaLani Wood Abepura, Irian Jaya June, 1991 A Language Map of The Lakes Plain Sudirman Mts. 111~ ( (. rl ~ I ~ ~ '\. - BAOZI ~O NQPUX I) 1 ~ J ERIT~ ~ BUd)rman Mts. SIKARITAI ~ BIRITAI OBOKDITAI\ PAPASENA •. RISA ....... 1 ) TAUSE'Rou~fae... I.....ru-o.~ ~ HOOP! TURU ~ Hulia Key: Hulia. Government Centers sudirman Kts. Geographical Fea.tures DCUTAI Langullge Na.mes iv Workpapera in Indonesian Languages and Cultures Volume 9 - Irian Jaya Margaret Hartzler, LaLani Wood, Editors .TABLB OP CONTBNTS KAURE PHONOLOGY Peter R. & Gudrun E. Dommel 1 Summer Institute of Linguistics OBOKUITAI PHONOLOGY D. Scott & Priscilla B. Jenison 69 Summer Institute of Linguistics SIKARITAI PHONOLOGY Dav·id L. Martin 91 -. R.B.M.U. International THB PROCBSS OF PHONOLOGICAL CHANGB IN DOUTAI Lawrence and Kay McAllister 121 R.B.M.U. International v OBOKUITAI PHONOLOGY D. Scott and Priscilla B. Jenison 1. Introduction 2. Consonant Phonemes 2.1 Description of Consonant Phonemes 2.2 Contrast of Consonant Phonemes 3. Vowel Phonemes 3.1 Description of Vowel Phonemes 3.2 Contrast of Vowel Phonemes 4 • Distribution 4.1 The Syllable 4.2 Syllable Types 4.3 Consonant Clusters 4.4 Vowel Clusters 5. Suprasegmentals 5.1 One Syllable Words 5.2 Two Syllable Words 5.3 Three Syllable Words 5.4 Contrast of Suprasegmentals 6. Orthography 6.1 Orthography of Consonants and Vowels 6.2 Orthography of Pitch Notes References 1. INTRODUCTION The Obokuitai language ~s spoken by approximately 125 people in the Lakes Plain region of northern Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Most speakers (about 110) are residents of the village of Obokui; the rest live in single or extended. family units in the neighboring villages of Biri, Kustera, and Haya where related 69 ---------- - ---- -- Workpapers in Indonesian Linguistics and Culture languages are spoken. The language of these groups was initi~lly labeled "Baburiwa." Classified as a member of the Trans New Guinea Phylum, Tor-Lakes Plain Stock, Central Lakes Plain Family (Voorhoeve, 1975:39), Obokuitai is related to both Sikaritai1 and Doutai2 . One of the distinctives of Obokuitai and related languages is the lack of both nasal consonants and vowels in either phonemic or phonetic form. This feature extends in phonemic form to quite a few other Lakes Plain languages more distantly situated. Nasals, in one form or another, are usually considered a language universal (Foley, 1986:56). A second distinctive of Obokuitai, Sikaritai, Doutai, and other Lakes Plain languages, is the presence of high, tense vocoids which are produced with considerable friction. A comparison of these languages reveals a pattern of increasing disappearance of syllable closure, in which final Ikl is being incorporated into these high vocoids Iii and lui to create these highly differentiated allophonic variants. This analysis was made on the basis of a corpus of 1,500 words, collected in personal conversation over a period of three ,years. I am indebted particularly to Boi Kodokuedi for his insights and assistance in this project. Also, I am grateful to Eunice Pike for her help with the suprasegmentals, and to Margaret Hartzler for guidance in the overall analysis and presentation of this paper. 2 • CONSONANT PHONEMES 2.1 Description of Consonant Phonemes The following is a list of the consonants of Obokuitai / t, k, b, d,s, h I Of these, only Ikl can occur in the syllable coda. It I [t] The voiceless alveolar stop occurs syllable initial. 70 Obokuitai Phonology /til / [tiL] 'string bag' /tal / [tal] 'person' /kul ti12 / [ku l tiI3 ] 'grasshopper' /k/ [g] The voiced unreleased velar stop occurs syllable final following [i], /sik2/ [sig2] 'boat' /kuik1 / (kW30gl, ] 'rock' /hik2 kua2 / [hig2gwa 2 ] 'kind of vine' [0] The voiced unreleased bilabial stop occurs syllable final following [U]3, /hukl/ [huo1 ] 'fat' /toukl / [touSI ] 'breast' /hauk12 / [hauSI3 ] 'axe' [g] The voiced velar stop occurs syllable initial following a syllable final /k/. ~, 'husband of wife's sister' /tik2kue:i2 / (Vig2gwe:i 2] 'lizard' /uklkua2 / [uSl gwa 23 ] 'to take apart' [k] The voiceless velar stop occurs syllable initial elsewhere. /ku 1 / [ku l ] 'cassowary' /ke 1 / [ke: 12] 'kind of bird' /kiika2 / [ki1 'ka23 J 'kind of tree' /b/ [b] The voiced bilabial stop occurs syllable initial. /bi2 tu2 / [bi2tu2 ] 'kind of bird' /ba2be: 1 / [ba2beJ] 'kind of tree' /bu2 kuikl/ [bu2 kWiglJ 'kind of sweet potato' 71 Workpapers in Indonesian Linguistics and Culture Id/ [t] The voiced alveolar flap occurs intervocalic in the syllable initial position and also as the second member of a consonant cluster in the syllable initial position. 'kind of banana' /be l da2/ 'kind of sweet potato' 'millipede' Cd] The voiced alveolar stop occurs word initial and syllable initial 'following /k/ elsewhere. /dil/ [di 1, ] 'red' /dau12 / [dau13 ] 'dog' /ik2 di2 / [ig2di23 ] 'kind of tree' /s/ [5] The voiceless alveopalatal grooved fricative occurs syllable initial, word medial following the vowel clusters [ail and rei] and preceding [0]. 'there is', 'there are' 'there is none' 'there are none' 'girl' [c] The voiceless alveopalatal affricate occurs syllable initial, word medial following vowel clusters [ai]and rei] with syllable final rig]. /a2kaik2so2/ [a2 kaig2co23 ] 'big' /keik2se2ko2/ [kE:ig2cE: 2ko23 ] 'morning' /eik2se 2huk2/ [ E:ig2ce: 2huB2 3] 'garden' 72 Obokuitai Phonology [5] The voiceless alveolar grooved fricative occurs syllable initial elsewhere. /sol/ [sOl) 'sun or moon' /si2/ [si23] 'bamboo flute' /sulsu1 / [SUlSU l ] 'kind of sugarcane' Ih/ [p] The voiceless bilabial fricative occurs syllable initial in the consonant .cluster
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