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How Zigbee/802.15.4 Protocol Simplifies Wireless M2M Communications June 4Th, 2008 How ZigBee/802.15.4 Protocol Simplifies Wireless M2M Communications June 4th, 2008 Cyril Zarader Product Marketing Manager EMEA – Wireless Connectivity TM Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2006. Topics IEEE 802.15.4 : Made for Reliable Low Power Wireless Networking ZigBee : Made for Simple Deployment of Wireless M2M Communications ZigBee Compared to Other Industrial Wireless Protocols Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 1 Selection of Wireless Technologies Wireless Video Applications Faster Wireless Data UWB 802.11g Applications 802.15.3 802.11a IrDA Wi-Fi® 802.11b Cellular 2.5G/3G 802.15.1 Peak Data Rate Data Peak Bluetooth™ ZigBee™ Data 802.15.4 Transfer Slower Wireless Networking NFC/RFID Closer Range Farther Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 2 Wireless Networking Technologies ZigBeeTM Bluetooth® UWBTM Wi-FiTM LonWorks® Proprietary IEEE® IEEE® 802.11 IEEE® Standard IEEE® 802.15.4 802.15.3a a, b, g (n to EIA 709.1,2,3 Proprietary 802.15.1 (to be ratified) be ratified) UWBTM Forum LonMark® Industry Wi-FiTM ZigBeeTM Alliance Bluetooth® SIG & WiMediaTM Interoperabilty N/A Groups Alliance Alliance Association Medium- P2P, Star, Topology Mesh, Star, Tree Star Star Star dependent Mesh 433/868/900 RF 868/915 MHz 3.1-10.6 GHz 2.4 GHz N/A (wired 2.4 GHz MHz Frequency 2.4 GHz (U.S.) 5.8 GHz technology) 2.4 GHz 110Mbps- 15 Kbps- Data Rate 250 Kbps 723 Kbps 11-105 Mbps 10-250 Kbps 1.6Gbps 10 Mbps Medium Range 10-70 m 10 m 4-20 m 10-100 m 10-70 m Dependent Power Very Low Low Low High Wired Very Low-Low Battery Alkaline Alkaline Rechargeable Rechargeable Rechargeable Operation N/A (Months- (Months-Years) (Days-Weeks) (Hours-Days) (Hours) (Life) Years) Nodes 65,000 8 128 32 32,000 100-1,000 Key strengths Key weaknesses Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 3 IEEE 802.15.4 : Made for Reliable Low Power Wireless Networking Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 4 Matching Applications to Wireless Technologies Imagery and Audio • High-quality, live video and audio WUSB, Wi-Fi, WiMax • Low to mid-quality, live or still images and low- to moderate-quality audio WUSB, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 802.15.4, Cellular Low- to moderate-rate communications and control systems • 802.15.4, Wi-Fi, Cellular Extreme-battery-life sensor and control systems • 802.15.4 • Months to years to decades, depending on the application and duty cycle Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 5 Data Collection and Delivery Cost Wireless cuts the data wire and saves the cost of installation and routing of specialized cables Running permanent wiring to a device can cost from €10 to €100 per meter in commercial facilities For homes, retrofitting control and monitoring cabling costs about €20 to €40 per square meter of floor area covered • Needs a source of permanent power or must be very battery-efficient Removing the data wires AND removing the connection to permanent power is the goal Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 6 Data Rate Matters Typical Operating environments with dozens to hundreds of machines: • Say what you need to say quickly, then get off the air A busy channel is an unreliable channel Keep the channel availability high to reduce retries, latency and improve quality of service Higher data rates make message transmission faster and channel occupancy lower Faster communications and longer sleep times can mean less energy consumption • BUT, transmitting faster than you need to can lead to Increased transceiver cost Tighter requirements on timing Increased receiver complexity Increased energy consumption Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 7 IEEE802.15.4 PHY Characteristics Simple packet data protocol for lightweight wireless networks • Released in May 2003 • Primary channel access is via Carrier Sense Multiple Access with collision avoidance • Message acknowledgement and an ZigBee relies upon IEEE 802.15.4, which has excellent performance in optional beacon structure low SNR environments • Multi-level security • Works well for Long battery life, selectable latency for controllers, sensors, remote monitoring and portable electronics • Configured for maximum battery life, has the potential to last as long as the shelf life of most batteries Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 8 IEEE 802 Standards are Designed to Coexist Frequency Domain • Multiple, non-aligned channels • Spread spectrum for added robustness • Phase-Shift keying and direct- sequence spread spectrum Time Domain • Both 802.11 and 802.15.4 radios “listen before talking” to avoid collisions 802.11 packets Protocol Robustness Retries • ACK required for successful data transfer • No ACK, station tries again when channel clears 802.15.4 packets t Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 9 Low Channel Occupancy – Critical to Reliability Typical scenario with 100 to 1000 devices • Constant monitoring of the environment requires regular communications • Even once every few minutes for all devices, this can mean hundreds of messages per minute • 2.4GHz ZigBee data rates are 250kbps • Packets generally under 2ms in duration, and two-way acknowledgement adds about 600us per message • In practical environments and usage, channel occupancy ~1% • Even with multiple nearby networks, the channel is mostly empty! • The channel is available when the network needs it Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 10 Mesh Networking Improves Robustness ZigBee Coordinator ZigBee Router ZigBee End Device ZigBee Device Associations Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 11 802.15.4 Summary 802.15.4 is designed to provide a solid foundation for sensing and control applications Providing a global standard • 2.4 GHz provides global support for products • Additional sub 1 GHz work adding options for Asia, Europe, and US Technology is real and available • Mass production since 2003 • 7-10 Million units shipped in 2007 Provides a variety of sources for chipsets and network stacks • Eliminates the concerns with a single source • Provides lower cost and increased competition Provides for key technology advantages for monitoring and control • Optimized for low duty cycle applications • Longer battery life (months to years) Proving to be robust in the presence of interference • Channel Alignment – ideal for co-existence with other 2.4 GHz technologies • Clear Channel Assessment – improves collision avoidance • Short burst transmission Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 12 ZigBee : Made for Simple Deployment of Wireless M2M Communications Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 13 ZZiiggBBeeeeTM Was created by the ZigBee Alliance Is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard Targets wireless control and monitoring applications Uses Mesh networking to cover large areas with short- range low-power radios www.zigbee.org Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are TM the property of their respective owners. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007. 14 IEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee Alliance APPLICATION/PROFILES ZigBee or OEM APPLICATION FRAMEWORK SECURITY LAYER 32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption ZigBee NETWORK LAYER Alliance Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree Platform MAC LAYER IEEE PHY LAYER 802.15.4 868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz Application ZigBee Platform Stack Silicon Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale
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