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University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8510649 Villasmil, Raiza J. A SURVEY OF THE ENERGY KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF SECONDARY FIFTH YEAR STUDENTS IN OFFICIAL HIGH SCHOOLS HAVING BOTH SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES MAJORS IN VENEZUELA The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1985 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1985 by Villasmil, Raiza J. All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a checkV . mark 1. Glossy photographs or ______pages 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print_______ 3. Photographs with dark background_____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy_______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides_______ of page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost ________in sp in e 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print 11. Page(s)____________ lacking when material received, and not availablefrom school or author. 12. Page(s)____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received__________ 16. Other___________________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International A SURVEY OF THE ENERGY KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF SECONDARY FIFTH YEAR STUDENTS IN OFFICIAL HIGH SCHOOLS HAVING BOTH SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES MAJORS IN VENEZUELA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By RAIZA J. VILLASMIL, B.A., M.Ed. ***** The Ohio State University 1985 Reading Committee: Approved By: Arthur L. White, Ph.D. Z h k J t L Adviser Patricia E. Blosser, Ph.D. Department of Educational Theory and Practice: Science William D. Ploughe, Ph.D. and Mathematics Education Copyright by Raiza J. Villasmil 1985 To my family and friends ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many individuals and several Institutions have helped me throughout my doctoral studies. They have given me their time, talents, and efforts. Among them were: My family, who gave me their support and understanding throughout my doctoral studies. Dr. Arthur L. White, advisor and chairperson of the dissertation committee, who deserves special thanks for his advice throughout the completion of the project and especially for his helpful suggestions concerning the statistical methodology employed in this study. Dr. Patricia E. Blosser, member of my dissertation committee, who, with her invaluable help, transformed my grammatical endeavors into organized and concise material. Dr. William D. Ploughe, member of my dissertation committee, whose valuable insights were most helpful during this study. Dr. Carolyn H. Farnsworth, whose friendship and guidance during the writing of my dissertation will always be remembered. Dr. John S. Monk, whose expertise in research design and statistical methodology were always made available to me throughout the course of this project. Prof. Jeannette de Bascones, who offered me encouragement throughout the project and was instrumental in obtaining permission from the Venezuelan educational authorities to conduct the survey. Gina M. Dougherty, J.D., a dear friend, who provided enthusiasm and moral support, especially in times when progress was slow and frustration was high. Mrs. Nancy Davidson, who cheerfully made her outstanding skills available at all hours to type and format this dissertation. CEPET (FONINVES), as the funding institution, without which this project would not have been possible. CENAMEC, whose executive officers and administrative personnel coordinated the application of the survey in the different regions, a difficult task, which, thanks to their efforts, minimized many of the inconveniences. The Venezuelan Ministry of Education, whose authorities granted me the permission to conduct the survey and whose regional officers were most helpful during the collection of the data for this project. VITA December 4, 1941 Born, Maracaibo, Venezuela Education 1961 Secondary School Diploma in Science, Liceo Luis Razetti, Caracas, Venezuela 1966 High School Teacher degree in Physics and Mathematics, Instituto Pedagogico de Caracas, Venezuela 1975 Master of Education, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 1979 - 1985 Doctoral Student in Science and Mathematics Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Professional Experiences 1964 - 1970 Physics and Mathematics Teacher, Liceo Andres Eloy Blanco, Caracas, Venezuela 1970 - 1971 Physics and Mathematics Teacher, Escuela Normal Miguel Antonio Caro, Caracas, Venezuela 1971 - 1972 Physics and Mathematics Professor, Instituto Pedagogico de Caracas, Venezuela 1972 - 1975 Professor on leave of absence (Scholarship) by the Instituto Pedagogico de Caracas and a LASPAU Scholar v 1975 - 1979 Professor of Physics, Instituto Universitario de Technolog1a-Region Capital (IUT-RC), Caracas, Venezuela 1979 - Professor on leave of absence (Scholarship) from IUT-RC, Caracas, Venezuela and a LASPAU Scholar 1983 - 1984 Teaching Associate, Department of Mathematics and Department of Science and Mathematics Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Professional Affiliations Colegio de Profesores de Venezuela (Venezuelan Teachers Association) National Science Teachers Association Fields of Study Major Field: Science Education Studies in Physics Teaching Studies in Educational Statistics, Research Design and Methodology Studies in Teacher Education and Science Teacher Education TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................ iii VITA ........................................................ V LIST OF T A B L E S .............................................. xii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................ xix CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ........................................ 1 The Educational System of Venezuela ................... 4 Need for the S t u d y ................................... 14 Statement of the Problem ............................. 17 Definitions of Terms ................................. 18 Assumptions.......................................... 20 Limitations.......................................... 21 II. A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ................... 22 O v e r v i e w ............................................ 22 Goals of Energy Education............................. 22 Content Development of Energy Education ............... 25 Instructional Strategies for Topics and Issues ........ 30 Energy Knowledge and Attitudes ....................... 33 Sources of Knowledge ................................. 46 Summary.............................................. 47 III. DESIGN OF THE STUDY .................................. 49 P o p u l a t i o n .......................................... 49 S a m p l e .............................................. 50 Instrument Development ............................... 64 Development of the Pilot Instrument................. 64 The Pilot Study ..................................... 69 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS— continued Page Results of the Statistical Analysis of the Pilot Data and of the Critical Observations of the Panel M e m b e r s ..................................... 73 Final Instrument ..................................

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