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OSAC Country Security Report Bahrain

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OSAC Country Security Report Bahrain OSAC Country Security Report Bahrain Last Updated: September 3, 2021 Travel Advisory The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses that travelers should reconsider travel to Bahrain due to COVID-19. Review OSAC’s report, Understanding the Consular Travel Advisory System. The Institute for Economics & Peace Global Peace Index 2021 ranks Bahrain 102 out of 163 worldwide, rating the country as being at a Medium state of peace. Crime Environment The U.S. Department of State has assessed Manama as being a LOW-threat location for crime directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests. The U.S. Department of State has not included a Crime “C” Indicator on the Travel Advisory for Bahrain. The crime emergency line in Bahrain is 999. Review the State Department’s Crime Victims Assistance brochure. Crime: General Threat The targeting of non-citizen residents of Bahrain for crime is uncommon. Harassment of women and sexual assault does occur, although not all victims report cases to the police. Other reported crimes include, but are not limited to, various types of immigration and residency fraud, ATM/credit card theft, prostitution, white collar fraud, embezzlement, possession or trafficking of illegal narcotics, and property theft. Violent crime is rare, and firearms are illegal in Bahrain. Crime: Areas of Concern In 2012, the U.S. Embassy designated geographic boundaries (known as “red zones”) as restricted travel areas. In 2013, the Embassy introduced “yellow zones,” designated for daylight travel only. The Embassy is constantly assessing the nationwide security situation to reevaluate the restricted zones. Find the current restricted travel areas map online. Review OSAC’s reports, All That You Should Leave Behind, Hotels: The Inns and Outs, Considerations for Hotel Security, and Taking Credit. Kidnapping Threat The U.S. Department of State has not included a Kidnapping “K” Indicator on the Travel Advisory for Bahrain. Review OSAC’s reports, Kidnapping: The Basics and Active Shooter and Kidnapping Response Tips. There have been no reported kidnappings or attempted kidnappings in Bahrain of a citizen of any country. 1 There are no treaties in force between Bahrain and the United States concerning international parental child abduction and custody cases. Bahraini courts may ignore child custody decrees issued in the United States. Drug Crime There is a growing illegal drug market in Bahrain. The government regularly interdicts illegal drugs entering the country, reporting there was an approximately 50% decrease in the number of drug seizures from 1,547 in 2019 to 729 in 2020. Consult with the CIA World Factbook’s section on Illicit Drugs for country-specific information. Terrorism Environment The U.S. Department of State has assessed Manama as being a MEDIUM-threat location for terrorism directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests. The U.S. Department of State has not included a Terrorism “T” Indicator on the Travel Advisory for Bahrain. Review the latest State Department Country Report on Terrorism for Bahrain. The Institute for Economics & Peace Global Terrorism Index 2020 ranks Bahrain 71 out of 163 worldwide, rating the country as having a Low impact from terrorism. Terrorism: General Threat The following factors make for a dynamic security environment: a large expatriate community, including the large U.S. Department of Defense presence; violent opposition groups; frequent travel between Bahrain and Saudi Arabia on the King Fahd Causeway; and the country’s proximity to Iran. Bahrain’s police and security forces are competent and capable counterterrorism partners. During 2019, the Bahraini government made gains in detecting and containing terrorist threats from violent Bahraini Shia militants and ISIS sympathizers. Suspected Bahraini Shia militants occasionally instigate low-level violence against security forces using real and fake improvised explosive devices (IEDs). According to the Government of Bahrain, there were terrorist attacks on police officers in 2019. In February 2020, Bahraini officials thwarted a terrorist plot to use explosives to destroy two national bank ATMs. A few local Sunni extremists have radicalized in the past several years and either joined local factions or left to fight with ISIS and other militant groups in Syria and Iraq. There are limited reports of government or non-government efforts to rehabilitate and reintegrate former violent extremists and returning foreign terrorist fighters. There is also no overall strategic messaging campaign to counter terrorist narratives, although government leaders often speak about tolerance and reducing sectarian rhetoric. The call to radicalization, whether disseminated on extremist forums or through social media, continues to be a global concern. It is difficult to determine which message will inspire a violent extremist. Anti- U.S./anti-foreigner sentiment does exist. However, terrorist incidents have not involved U.S. citizens, and foreign residents were not the primary target of extremist groups. Considering recent tension in the region, all travelers should remain vigilant and aware of their surroundings. 2 Political Violence and Civil Unrest Environment The U.S. Department of State has assessed Manama as being a HIGH-threat location for political violence directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests. Elections/Political Stability Bahrain is a monarchy governed by King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa and Prime Minister Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa. The constitution, ratified in 2002, established an elected lower house of parliament, the Council of Representatives, and an appointed upper house, the Shura Council. Elections for the Council of Representatives have occurred every four years since 2006. Beginning in 2011, the country experienced a sustained period of unrest, including mass protests calling for political reform. Some anti-government demonstrations resulted in violent clashes between demonstrators and security forces. The government has taken steps since 2011 to implement many of the recommendations of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry, which the government tasked to review widespread allegations of police brutality, torture, arrests, disappearances, and violence by both security forces and demonstrators that year. The government has attempted to dilute the influence of religious leaders in political life, and in 2016, required Sunni and Shia clerics alike to sign a document, originally authored in 2009, committing them to certain standards when delivering Friday sermons. Protest & Demonstration Activity Violent oppositionist activity increases in February and March to mark the anniversaries of 2011 events. Spontaneous demonstrations and, at times, violent anti-government activity continue to occur, particularly at night. This unrest can be in response to local developments, calls for protests, or regional events. Such actions are likely to spark forceful responses by government security forces, including crowd control measures and impromptu checkpoints in certain areas. Among the Shia community, perceived economic and political disenfranchisement remain the primary drivers of violent extremism and civil unrest. However, research into this topic is politically sensitive, and although anecdotal evidence exists, there is little public reporting or research on drivers of violent extremism or even concrete data on whether economic disenfranchisement has increased. Review OSAC’s report, Surviving a Protest. Law Enforcement Concerns: Security Agencies The emergency line in Bahrain is 999. The Interior Ministry (MOI) is responsible for law enforcement and public safety. The Public Security Forces are the principal law enforcement arm of the MOI, and are responsible for maintaining order and security. The Special Security Forces of MOI are the paramilitary law enforcement arm and include the riot police, SWAT, and explosive team. VIP protection is a separate unit of the MOI. The Coast Guard is also under MOI jurisdiction. The Bahrain Defense Force is primarily responsible for defending against external threats, while the Bahrain National Guard is responsible for both external and internal threats. Civilian authorities maintain effective control over the security forces. Members of the security forces have committed some abuses. Police Response Bahraini police are generally professional and competent, although accusations of arbitrary arrest and police misconduct do exist. 3 Law Enforcement Concerns: Emergency Contact/Information • General Emergency Line: 999 • Fire Accidents: 997 • Casualty Bureau: 990 • Criminal Investigations (CID): 992 • Coast Guard (CGD): 994 • Traffic Police:199 • Traffic Hotline: 1787-22-87/22 • Violence against Women: 1787-03-02 Police Stations: • East Riffa: 1777-3158 • West Riffa: 1766-4606 • Exhibition Road: 1755-0629 • Hawak: 1784-9009 • Hidd: 1767-1212 • Hoora: 1729-1555 • Naim: 1725-8210 • Samaheej: 1733-4401 • Umm-Al Hasam: 1772-8229 • Zallaq: 1763-1211 Transportation Security Road Safety Although the roads are generally very good, driving can be hazardous. Aggressive driving coupled with high speeds creates a dangerous driving environment. The law requires all vehicle passengers to wear seat belts. Police (Traffic Enforcement) presence can be limited or irregular. However, police vehicles are readily identifiable on the main traffic thoroughfares. Alcohol-related traffic accidents increase over weekends (Thursday
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