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Bakkenlink Dry Creek to Beaver Lodge Pipeline Environmental BakkenLink Dry Creek to Beaver Lodge Pipeline EA Appendix A BakkenLink Risk Assessment and Environmental Consequences Analysis May 2016 BakkenLink Risk Assessment and Environmental Consequence Analysis Dry Creek to Beaver Lodge Pipeline Prepared for: BakkenLink Pipeline LLC Prepared by: Stantec Consulting Services Inc. May 2016 CONFIDENTIAL DATA CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION IN THIS REPORT HAS BEEN REDACTED DUE TO HOMELAND SECURITY ISSUES AND BAKKENLINK’S CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT WITH THE PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION Sign-off Sheet This document entitled BakkenLink Risk Assessment and Environmental Consequence Analysis was prepared by Stantec Consulting Services Inc. for the account of BakkenLink Pipeline LLC in support of the Bureau of Land Management. Any reliance on this document by any third party is strictly prohibited. The material in it reflects Stantec’s professional judgment in light of the scope, schedule and other limitations stated in the document and in the contract between Stantec and the Client. The opinions in the document are based on conditions and information existing at the time the document was published and do not take into account any subsequent changes. In preparing the document, Stantec did not verify information supplied to it by others. Any use which a third party makes of this document is the responsibility of such third party. Such third party agrees that Stantec shall not be responsible for costs or damages of any kind, if any, suffered by it or any other third party as a result of decisions made or actions taken based on this document. Prepared by (signature) Taylor Robinson Reviewed by (signature) Nicole Peters Approved by (signature) Janie Castle Copyright © 2013. Stantec Consulting Services Inc. All Rights Reserved. This material has been reproduced or communicated to you by or on behalf of Stantec Consulting Services Inc. under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, the Copyright Act of Canada and/or the Uniform Trade Secrets Act as enacted by the applicable jurisdiction(s). Any reproduction, communication or appropriation of the formulas, algorithms, and/or calculations contained in this material is expressly prohibited, except as authorized by separate contract between the Client and Stantec. BakkenLink Risk Assessment and Environmental Consequence Analysis Table of Contents ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................... AA-1 1.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................1.1 2.0 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................2.1 3.0 PIPELINE .......................................................................................................................3.1 3.1 MAINLINE VALVE ASSEMBLIES ....................................................................................... 3.2 4.0 INCIDENT FREQUENCY-SPILL VOLUME ESTIMATION ..................................................4.1 4.1 PHMSA BASELINE INCIDENT FREQUENCIES .................................................................. 4.1 4.2 SPILL VOLUME ................................................................................................................. 4.3 5.0 CONSEQUENCES OF A SPILL .......................................................................................5.1 5.1 HUMAN CONSEQUENCES ............................................................................................. 5.1 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ............................................................................. 5.1 5.2.1 Crude Oil Composition ............................................................................... 5.1 5.2.2 Environmental Fate and Transport ............................................................ 5.2 5.2.3 Dispersion of Crude Oil ............................................................................... 5.4 5.2.4 Submersion of Crude Oil ............................................................................. 5.5 5.2.5 Environmental Impacts ............................................................................... 5.6 5.3 LAKE SAKAKAWEA ....................................................................................................... 5.20 5.3.1 Wildlife ......................................................................................................... 5.20 5.4 RISK TO HIGH CONSEQUENCE AREAS ....................................................................... 5.21 5.4.1 Populated Areas ........................................................................................ 5.22 5.4.2 Drinking Water ............................................................................................ 5.22 5.4.3 Ecologically Sensitive Areas ..................................................................... 5.22 5.4.4 Management of Risk within HCAs ........................................................... 5.23 5.5 IMPACTS FROM CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROJECT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES ..................................................................................................................... 5.23 5.5.1 Soils .............................................................................................................. 5.23 5.5.2 Vegetation and Soil Ecosystems ............................................................. 5.25 5.5.3 Wildlife ......................................................................................................... 5.26 5.5.4 Groundwater .............................................................................................. 5.26 5.5.5 Flowing Surface Waters ............................................................................ 5.27 5.5.6 Wetlands, Reservoirs, and Lakes .............................................................. 5.28 6.0 BAKKENLINK’S PIPELINE SAFETY PROGRAM ...............................................................6.1 7.0 SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................7.1 8.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................8.1 9.0 GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................................9.1 May 2016 i BakkenLink Risk Assessment and Environmental Consequence Analysis LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1 Project Design Parameters .................................................................................... 3.1 Table 3-2 Project Design Parameters .................................................................................... 3.2 Table 4-1 Baseline Incident Frequencies1 ............................................................................. 4.1 Table 4-2 Spill Occurrence Interval Associated with the Project over 10 Years Breakdown by Volume ........................................................................................ 4.3 Table 5-1 Composition of Representative Bakken Crude Oil ............................................ 5.2 Table 5-2 Stream Categories ............................................................................................... 5.10 Table 5-3 Volume of Water Required to Dilute Benzene in Bakken Crude Oil Spills Below Benchmark Values ......................................................................... 5.11 Table 5-4 Comparison of Estimated Benzene Concentrations with the Benzene MCL Resulting from a Bakken Crude Oil Spill ................................. 5.12 Table 5-5 Acute Toxicity of Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Freshwater Organisms ......... 5.14 Table 5-6 Acute Toxicity of Crude Oil Hydrocarbons to Daphnia magna .................. 5.16 Table 5-7 Chronic Toxicity of Benzene to Freshwater Biota ............................................. 5.17 Table 5-8 Comparison of Estimated Benzene Concentrations Following a Bakken Crude Oil Spill to the Acute Toxicity Thresholds for Aquatic Life (7.4 ppm) for Streams Crossed by the Project ......................................... 5.18 Table 5-9 Comparison of Estimated Benzene Concentrations Following a Bakken Crude Oil Spill to the Chronic Toxicity Thresholds for Aquatic Life (1.4 ppm) for Streams Crossed by the Project ......................................... 5.19 Table 5-10 Mileage Summary of Pipeline Segments that “Could Affect” PHMSA-defined HCAs ........................................................................................ 5.21 Table 5-11 Predicted Spills and Associated Volumes Within “Could Affect” Segments in 10-year Period ............................................................................... 5.22 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Project Overview .................................................................................................. 1.2 LIST OF APPENDICES ATTACHMENT A LAKE SAKAKAWEA SITE-SPECIFIC RISK ASSESSMENT ATTACHMENT B ANALYSIS OF HIGH CONSEQUENCE AREAS May 2016 ii BakkenLink Risk Assessment and Environmental Consequence Analysis Acronyms and Abbreviations °F degrees Fahrenheit API American Petroleum Institute ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials BakkenLink BakkenLink Pipeline LLC bbl barrels BLM Bureau of Land Management BMPs Best Management Practices bpd barrels per day CPM computational pipeline monitoring CFR Code of Federal Regulations cfs cubic feet per second CWA Clean Water Act EA environmental assessment ERP Emergency Response Plan ERW
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