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Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Annex 3 Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Annex 3 PDF page Federal Government, Technical Report: Properties, Composition and Marine Spill 2 Behaviour, Fate and Transport of Two Diluted Bitumen Products from the Canadian Oil Sands; Cat. No. En84–96/2013E–PDF; Government of Canada: Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 1– 85, 2013. ISBN 978-1-100 Félix, F., and Van Waerebeek, K. 2005. Whale mortality from ship strikes in Ecuador and 90 west Africa. Latin Amer. J. Aquat. Mamm. 4(1): 55-60. Fingas, M. 2013. Modeling oil and petroleum evaporation. Journal of Petroleum Science 96 Research, 2(3), 104-115. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). 2009. Recovery potential assessment for basking 108 shark in Canadian Pacific waters. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat. Science Advisory Report 2009/046. 10 pp. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). 2009. Recovery potential assessment for Transient 118 Killer Whales. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat. Science Advisory Report 2009/039. 11 pp. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) 2014. Recovery potential assessment for Offshore 129 Killer Whales off the Pacific coast of Canada. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat. Science Advisory Report 2014/047. 17 pp. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). 2015a. Sufficiency review of the information on 146 effects of underwater noise and the potential for ship strikes from Marine Shipping on Marine Mammals in the Facilities Application for the Trans Mountain Expansion Project. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Resp. 2015/007. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). 2015b. Technical review of predicted effects and 159 proposed mitigation of underwater noise and potential vessel strikes on marine mammals, from the December 2013 Facilities Application and supplemental information for the Trans Mountain Expansion Project. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Resp. 2015/022. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). 2016. Integrated Biological Status of Southern British 174 Columbia Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Under the Wild Salmon Policy. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Advis. Rep. 2016/042. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). 2018. Recovery Strategy for the Northern and 189 Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in Canada. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ottawa, x + 84 pp. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). 2018. Science information to support consultations 283 on BC Chinook Salmon fishery management measures in 2018. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Resp. 2018/035. 001 Fitzpatrick, F., Boufadel, M., Johnson, R., Lee, K., Graan, T., Bejarano, A., Zhu, Z,. 309 Waterman, D., Capone, D., Hayter, E., Hamilton, S., Dekker, T., Garcia, H., and Hassan, J. 2015. Oil-particle interactions and submergence from crude oil spills in marine and freshwater environments—Review of the science and future science needs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1076, 33 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151076. ISSN 2331-1258. Ford JKB, and Ellis G.M. 2006. Selective foraging by fish-eating killer whales Orcinus orca 353 in British Columbia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 316: 185-199. Ford, J.K.B., Wright, B.M., Ellis, G.M., and Candy, J.R. 2010. Chinook salmon predation by 368 resident killer whales: seasonal and regional selectivity, stock identity of prey, and consumption rates. DFO Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Research Document 2009/101. iv + 43 pp. 002 Government Gouvernement l♦I of Canada du Canada Federal Government Technical Report Properties, Composition and Marine Spill Behaviour, Fate and Transport of Two Diluted Bitumen Products from the Canadian Oil Sands Environment Canada Emergencies Science and Technology Fisheries and Oceans Canada Centre for Offshore Oil, Gas and EnergyResearch Natural Resources Canada CanmetENERGY November 30, 2013 Canada 003 ISBN 978-1-100-23004-7 Cat. No.: En84-96/2013E-PDF Information contained in this publication or product may be reproduced, in part or in whole, and by any means, for personal or public non-commercial purposes, without charge or further permission, unless otherwise specified. You are asked to: • Exercise due diligence in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced; • Indicate both the complete title of the materials reproduced, as well as the author organization; and • Indicate that the reproduction is a copy of an officialwork that is published by the Government of Canada and that the reproduction has not been produced in affiliation with or with the endorsement of the Government of Canada. Commercial reproduction and distribution is prohibited except with written permission from the author. For more information, please contact Environment Canada's Inquiry Centre at 1-800-668-6767 (in Canada only) or 819-997-2800 or email to [email protected]. Cover Photos: © Author, Environment Canada © Her Majestythe Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2013 Aussi disponible en frans;ais 004 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 2.0 Literature Review of Diluted Bitumen and Synthetic Bitumen Spills, Behaviour and Use of Chemical Countermeasures ............................................................................................................................................... 11 2 .1 Properties and Composition of DilutedBitumen Products from the Canadian Oil Sands ... 11 2.1.1 DilutedBitumen Products ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Fate andBehaviour ofDiluted Bitumen Products and Related Heavy Oils in the Marine Environment ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.1 Fate and Behaviour of Diluted Bitumen Products in Spills ..................................................... 15 2.2.2 Fate and Behaviour of Orimulsion in Spills ................................................................................... 17 2.2.3 Fate and Behaviour of Heavy Oils in Spills ..................................................................................... 18 2.3 Use of Dispersants on Potential Spills of DilutedBitumen and Related Heavy Oils ............... 21 2.3.1 Use ofDispersants on aDiluted Bitumen Spill ............................................................................. 21 2.3.2 Use ofDispersants on Orimulsion ..................................................................................................... 21 2.3.3 Use ofDispersants on Heavy Fuel Oils ............................................................................................. 21 3.0 Physical Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Diluted Bitumen Products .................... 25 3.1 Samples .................................................................................................................................................................. 25 3.2 Methods .................................................................................................................................................................. 25 3.2.1 Evaporative Weathering ........................................................................................................................ 25 3.3 Characterization of Diluted Bitumen Products ...................................................................................... 26 3.4 Physical Properties of Diluted Bitumens .................................................................................................. 27 3.4.1 Properties ofDilutedBitumens .......................................................................................................... 31 3.4.2 Pan Evaporation of Diluted Bitumens .............................................................................................. 33 3.4.3 Simulated Distillation ofDiluted Bitumens ................................................................................... 34 3.4.4 Tendency to form Water-in-Oil Emulsions .................................................................................... 36 3.5 Chemical Composition of Diluted Bitumens ........................................................................................... 36 4.0 Oil Weathering and Buoyancy in Marine Conditions ............................................................................... 42 4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................... 42 4.2 Materials and Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 43 4.2.1 Oil Types ....................................................................................................................................................... 43 4.2.2 Evaporation ................................................................................................................................................. 43 1 005 4.2.3 Photo-oxidation.... ..................................................................................................................................... 44 4.2.4 Oil-Water
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