Herbology II
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Xiao Gang (503-551): His Life and Literature
Xiao Gang (503-551): His Life and Literature by Qingzhen Deng B.A., Guangzhou Foreign Language Institute, China, 1990 M.A., Kobe City University of Foreign Languages, Japan, 1996 Ph.D., Nara Women's University, Japan, 2001 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) February 2013 © Qingzhen Deng, 2013 ii Abstract This dissertation focuses on an emperor-poet, Xiao Gang (503-551, r. 550-551), who lived during a period called the Six Dynasties in China. He was born a prince during the Liang Dynasty, became Crown Prince upon his older brother's death, and eventually succeeded to the crown after the Liang court had come under the control of a rebel named Hou Jing (d. 552). He was murdered by Hou before long and was posthumously given the title of "Emperor of Jianwen (Jianwen Di)" by his younger brother Xiao Yi (508-554). Xiao's writing of amorous poetry was blamed for the fall of the Liang Dynasty by Confucian scholars, and adverse criticism of his so-called "decadent" Palace Style Poetry has continued for centuries. By analyzing Xiao Gang within his own historical context, I am able to develop a more refined analysis of Xiao, who was a poet, a filial son, a caring brother, a sympathetic governor, and a literatus with broad and profound learning in history, religion and various literary genres. Fewer than half of Xiao's extant poems, not to mention his voluminous other writings and many of those that have been lost, can be characterized as "erotic" or "flowery". -
Journalist Biographie Archibald, John
Report Title - p. 1 of 303 Report Title Amadé, Emilio Sarzi (Curtatone 1925-1989 Mailand) : Journalist Biographie 1957-1961 Emilio Sarzi Amadé ist Korrespondent für Italien in China. [Wik] Archibald, John (Huntley, Aberdeenshire 1853-nach 1922) : Protestantischer Missionar, Journalist Biographie 1876-1913 John Archibald arbeitet für die National Bible Society of Scotland in Hankou. Er resit in Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Anhui und Jiangxi. [Who2] 1913 John Archibald wird Herausgeber der Central China post. [Who2] Bibliographie : Autor 1910 Archibald, John. The National Bible Society of Scotland. In : The China mission year book ; Shanghai (1910). [Int] Balf, Todd (um 2000) : Amerikanischer Journalist, Senior Editor Outside Magazine, Mitherausgeber Men's journal Bibliographie : Autor 2000 Balf, Todd. The last river : the tragic race for Shangi-la. (New York, N.Y. : Crown, 2000). [Erstbefahrung 1998 für die National Geographic Society durch wilde Schluchten des Brahmaputra (Tsangpo) in Tibet, die wegen Strömungen und Tod von Douglas Gordon (1956-1998) scheitert]. [WC,Cla] Balfour, Frederic Henry (1846-1909) : Kaufmann, Journalist in China Bibliographie : Autor 1876 Balfour, Frederic Henry. Waifs and strays from the Far East ; being a series of disconnected essays on matters relating to China. (London : Trübner, 1876). https://archive.org/details/waifsstraysfromf00balfrich. 1881 Chuang Tsze. The divine classsic of Nan-hua : being the works of Chuang Tsze, taoist philosopher. With an excursus, and copious annotations in English and Chinese by Frederic Henry Balfour. (Shanhgai ; Hongkong : Kelly & Walsh, 1881). [Zhuangzi. Nan hua jing]. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100328385. 1883 Balfour, Frederic Henry. Idiomatic dialogues in the Peking colloquial for the use of students. (Shanghai : Printed at the North-China Herald Office, 1883). -
The Transparent Stone
WU HUNG The TransparentStone: Inverted Vision and Binary Imagery in Medieval Chinese Art A CRUCIAL MOMENT DIVIDES the course of Chinese art into two broad periods. Before this moment,a ritual art traditiontransformed general political and religious concepts into material symbols.Forms that we now call worksof art were integralparts of largermonumental complexes such as temples and tombs,and theircreators were anonymouscraftsmen whose individualcrea- tivitywas generallysubordinated to largercultural conventions. From the fourth and fifthcenturies on, however,there appeared a group of individuals-scholar- artistsand art critics-who began to forge theirown history.Although the con- structionof religiousand politicalmonuments never stopped, these men of let- ters attempted to transformpublic art into their private possessions, either physically,artistically, or spiritually.They developed a strongsentiment toward ruins,accumulated collectionsof antiques,placed miniaturemonuments in their houses and gardens,and "refined"common calligraphicand pictorialidioms into individual styles.This paper discusses new modes of writingand paintingat this liminalpoint in Chinese art history. Reversed Image and Inverted Vision Near the modern cityof Nanjing in eastern China, some ten mauso- leums survivingfrom the early sixth centurybear witnessto the past glory of emperors and princes of the Liang Dynasty(502-57).' The mausoleums share a general design (fig. 1). Three pairs of stone monumentsare usually erected in frontof the tumulus: a pair of stone animals-lions or qilinunicorns according to the statusof the dead-are placed before a gate formedby two stone pillars; the name and titleof the deceased appear on the flatpanels beneath the pillars' capitals. Finallytwo opposing memorialstelae bear identicalepitaphs recording the career and meritsof the dead person. -
Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers
Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Harsha Ram, Chair Professor Irina Paperno Professor Yuri Slezkine Fall 2010 ABSTRACT Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures University of California, Berkeley Professor Harsha Ram, Chair The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 reminded many that “Soviet” and “Russian” were not synonymous, but this distinction continues to be overlooked when discussing Soviet literature. Like the Soviet Union, Soviet literature was a consciously multinational, multiethnic project. This dissertation approaches Soviet literature in its broadest sense – as a cultural field incorporating texts, institutions, theories, and practices such as writing, editing, reading, canonization, education, performance, and translation. It uses archival materials to analyze how Soviet literary institutions combined Russia’s literary heritage, the doctrine of socialist realism, and nationalities policy to conceptualize the national literatures, a term used to define the literatures of the non-Russian peripheries. It then explores how such conceptions functioned in practice in the early 1930s, in both Moscow and Baku, the capital of Soviet Azerbaijan. Although the debates over national literatures started well before the Revolution, this study focuses on 1932-34 as the period when they crystallized under the leadership of the Union of Soviet Writers. -
Kampen MAO ZEDONG, ZHOU ENLAI and the CHINESE COMMUNIST
Kampen MAO ZEDONG, ZHOU ENLAI AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST LEADERSHIP MAO ZEDONG, ZHOU ENLAI Thomas Kampen MAO ZEDONG, ZHOU ENLAI AND THE CHINESE COMMUNIST LEADERSHIP NIAS AND THE EVOLUTION OF This book analyses the power struggles within the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party between 1931, when several Party leaders left Shanghai and entered the Jiangxi Soviet, and 1945, by which time Mao Zedong, Liu THE CHINESE COMMUNIST Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai had emerged as senior CCP leaders. In 1949 they established the People's Republic of China and ruled it for several decades. LEADERSHIP Based on new Chinese sources, the study challenges long-established views that Mao Zedong became CCP leader during the Long March (1934–35) and that by 1935 the CCP was independent of the Comintern in Moscow. The result is a critique not only of official Chinese historiography but also of Western (especially US) scholarship that all future histories of the CCP and power struggles in the PRC will need to take into account. “Meticulously researched history and a powerful critique of a myth that has remained central to Western and Chinese scholarship for decades. Kampen’s study of the so-called 28 Bolsheviks makes compulsory reading for anyone Thomas Kampen trying to understand Mao’s (and Zhou Enlai’s!) rise to power. A superb example of the kind of revisionist writing that today's new sources make possible, and reminder never to take anything for granted as far as our ‘common knowledge’ about the history of the Chinese Communist Party is concerned.” – Michael Schoenhals, Director, Centre for East and Southeast Asian Studies, Lund University, Sweden “Thomas Kampen has produced a work of exceptional research which, through the skillful use of recently available Chinese sources, questions the accepted wisdom about the history of the leadership of the CCP. -
The Foundations of Mao Zedong's Political Thought 1917–1935
The Foundations of Mao Zedong’s Political Thought The Foundations of Mao Zedong’s Political Thought 1917–1935 BRANTLY WOMACK The University Press of Hawaii ● Honolulu Open Access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 In- ternational (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits readers to freely download and share the work in print or electronic format for non-commercial purposes, so long as credit is given to the author. Derivative works and commercial uses require per- mission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The Cre- ative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copyrighted. Open Access ISBNs: 9780824879204 (PDF) 9780824879211 (EPUB) This version created: 17 May, 2019 Please visit www.hawaiiopen.org for more Open Access works from University of Hawai‘i Press. COPYRIGHT © 1982 BY THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF HAWAII ALL RIGHTS RESERVED For Tang and Yi-chuang, and Ann, David, and Sarah Contents Dedication iv Acknowledgments vi Introduction vii 1 Mao before Marxism 1 2 Mao, the Party, and the National Revolution: 1923–1927 32 3 Rural Revolution: 1927–1931 83 4 Governing the Chinese Soviet Republic: 1931–1934 143 5 The Foundations of Mao Zedong’s Political Thought 186 Notes 203 v Acknowledgments The most pleasant task of a scholar is acknowledging the various sine quae non of one’s research. Two in particular stand out. First, the guidance of Tang Tsou, who has been my mentor since I began to study China at the University of Chicago. -
Algunas Cuestiones En Torno a Las Traducciones Chinas De Juan Laurentino Ortiz
UC Merced TRANSMODERNITY: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World Title Algunas cuestiones en torno a las traducciones chinas de Juan Laurentino Ortiz Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qr8r4ns Journal TRANSMODERNITY: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, 9(3) ISSN 2154-1353 Author Petrecca, Miguel Ángel Publication Date 2020 DOI 10.5070/T493048191 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Algunas cuestiones en torno a las traducciones chinas de Juan Laurentino Ortiz ___________________________________________ MIGUEL ÁNGEL PETRECCA INALCO, PARÍS Resumen Las traducciones chinas de Juanele Ortiz (Juan Laurentino Ortiz), publicadas por primera vez en un número de Cuadernos de cultura de 1959, continúan generando hoy un cúmulo de preguntas en torno tanto a su estatuto como a las mediaciones implicadas en el proceso de traducción. ¿Se trata más bien de versiones que de traducciones? ¿Más bien de poemas que de versiones? En la recepción de estas traducciones en Argentina, se ha tendido a enfatizar su carácter de traducciones sin origen y su proximidad con las coordenadas estéticas de la obra de Juan L. Ortiz. Contra esa visión, tal vez válida como metáfora de un proceso, nuestro trabajo intenta ir en busca de ese origen, el que ubicamos en el texto chino al que corresponde la traducción y en las mediaciones que funcionan de puente entre ambos. A través del acercamiento a los textos y a los autores elegidos por Juanele, podemos recuperar la experiencia del viaje y, a la vez, esa experiencia del viaje explica no solo la elección de los autores, sino que también el proceso mismo de traducción—en algunos (nuestra hipótesis) corresponde a textos que son el producto mismo del viaje—. -
The Experience of L'internationale in Modern China
Cultura. International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology 15(2)/2018: 157-172 The Experience of L’Internationale in Modern China Yiwei SONG School of Government Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China [email protected] Abstract: During the 20th-century Chinese revolution, L’Internationale was one of the most important political symbols. After the failure of the Paris Commune in 1871, Eugène Pottier wrote the poem titled “L’Internationale” which was published for the first time until 1887. It was set to music by Pierre Degeyter in 1888 and introduced into China from both France and the Soviet Union (USSR). Qu Qiubai and Xiao San made great contribution to the work of translation that influenced the official version in 1962. From a hymn for the International Workingmen’s Association to the revolutionary song of all the proletariats, L’Internationale was the historical witness of the National Revolution, the Chinese Communist Revolution and the Continuous Revolution, whose symbolic meanings were connected closely to the tensions between nationalism and internationalism. Keywords: L’Internationale, Chinese revolution, Eugène Pottier, internationalism, the CCP. During the 20th-century Chinese revolution, if there were any anthems that crossed over the national boundary and left an indelible mark on the course of modern China, L’Internationale was undoubtedly one of them. Initially composed as a poem by the French revolutionary poet Eugène Pottier in 1871, L’Internationale was then set to music by Pierre Degeyter, a Belgian proletarian composer, in 1888. Ever since the 1920s when L’Internationale made its debut in China, the Chinese translation of its lyrics has been revised for several times and was eventually standardized by People’s Daily, the official organ of the CCP, in 1962, with the French word “internationale” being officially defined as “the international communist ideal” (“L’Internationale”, 1962: 6). -
Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers
Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Harsha Ram, Chair Professor Irina Paperno Professor Yuri Slezkine Fall 2010 ABSTRACT Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures University of California, Berkeley Professor Harsha Ram, Chair The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 reminded many that “Soviet” and “Russian” were not synonymous, but this distinction continues to be overlooked when discussing Soviet literature. Like the Soviet Union, Soviet literature was a consciously multinational, multiethnic project. This dissertation approaches Soviet literature in its broadest sense – as a cultural field incorporating texts, institutions, theories, and practices such as writing, editing, reading, canonization, education, performance, and translation. It uses archival materials to analyze how Soviet literary institutions combined Russia’s literary heritage, the doctrine of socialist realism, and nationalities policy to conceptualize the national literatures, a term used to define the literatures of the non-Russian peripheries. It then explores how such conceptions functioned in practice in the early 1930s, in both Moscow and Baku, the capital of Soviet Azerbaijan. Although the debates over national literatures started well before the Revolution, this study focuses on 1932-34 as the period when they crystallized under the leadership of the Union of Soviet Writers. -
Big Ding 鼎 and China Power: Divine Authority and Legitimacy
Big Ding 鼎 and China Power: Divine Authority and Legitimacy ELIZABETH CHILDS-JOHNSON By the eastern zhou and imperial eras of Chinese history, a legend had grown cel- ebrating the ding 鼎 bronze vessel as the preeminent symbol of state authority and divine power. The mythic theme of “The First Emperor’s [Qin Shi Huangdi’s] Search for the Zhou Ding” or “The First Qin Emperor’s Failure to Discover the Ding” deco- rate the main gables of more than several Eastern Han funerary shrines, including Xiaotangshan and Wuliang in Shandong province (Wu 1989 : 138, 348). Pre-Han records in the Zuozhuan: 7th year of Duke Zhao (左传: 昭公七年) as well as the “Geng- zhu” chapter in the Mozi (墨子: 耕柱篇) record the significance of this mythic representation. The Mozi passage states: In ancient times, King Qi of the Xia [Xia Qi Wang] commissioned Feilian to dig minerals in mountains and rivers and to use clay molds, casting the ding at Kunwu. He ordered Wengnanyi to divine with the help of the tortoise from Bairuo, saying: “Let the ding, when completed, have a square body and four legs. Let them be able to boil without kindling, to hide themselves without being lifted, and to move themselves without being carried so that they will be used for sacrifice at Kunwu.” Yi interpreted the oracle as saying: “The offering has been accepted. When the nine ding have been completed, they will be ‘transferred’ down to three kingdoms. When Xia loses them, people of the Yin will possess them, and when people of the Yin lose them, people of the Zhou will pos- sess them.”1 [italics added] As maintained in this article, the inspiration for this popular legend of mythic power most likely originated during dynastic Shang times with the first casting in bronze of the monumental, four-legged ding. -
Symbolic Capital, Existential Insecurity, and Industrial Policies: a Neo-Bourdieusian
Symbolic Capital, Existential Insecurity, and Industrial Policies: A Neo-Bourdieusian Theory of the Leninist State in China (1927-1982) Yuting Chen Advisor: Prof. George Steinmetz Second Reader: Prof. Andrei S. Markovits A THESIS Submitted to The University of Michigan Department of Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honor Bachelor of Arts March 2021 1 Dedication This study is dedicated to my mentors: Prof. George Steinmetz, Prof. Andrei S. Markovits, Prof. Krisztina Fehervary, and Prof. Qixuan Huang. Thank you for the guidance, strength, and skills. 2 Contents List of Abbreviations 3 Acknowledgments 4 Abstract 7 Introduction 9 Chapter 1. The Games of Old Bolsheviks 20 Chapter 2. Existential Insecurity as the Producer of the Militarized Socialist State 38 Chapter 3.The Becoming of the Third Front: Macro-Structural Change, Reformulated Socialist Statecraft, and the Militarized Logic of Big Push Industrialization 69 Chapter 4. The Beginning of State Capital Differentiation: Power Struggles, Subfield Autonomy, and Delegation of Political Will 97 Conclusion: State Strategies and Zeitgeist 148 Bibliography 155 3 List of Abbreviations Intercontinental ballistic missiles – ICBM The Central Military Commission – CMC [中央军事委员会] The Chief Directorate of Automobile Industry – CDAI (It was a subordinate unit of the First Ministry of Machine Building till 1982) [汽车总局] The Chinese Communist Party – CCP [中国共产党] The Chinese State Automobile Corporation – CSAC (The successor agency of the Chief Directorate of -
Chinese Conversations Project Introductory Materials
Chinese Conversations Project Introductory Materials This document includes excerpts from: The Guomindang in Europe: A Sourcebook of Documents by Marilyn Levine and Chen San-ching. (Berkeley: University of Calif. Institute of East Asian Studies, 2000) The Found Generation: Chinese Communists in Europe During the Twenties by Marilyn Levine (Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1993) Includes: 1. Abbreviations 2. A historical introduction 3. Introduction to nine archives in Europe and Asia 4. Comparative chronology 5. Brief group and biographical summaries 6. A biographical glossary of over 1,100 names 7. A selected bibliography Abbreviations AAE Archives du Ministrere des affaires etrangeres, Paris AAUFC Archives Association Universitaire France-Chinoise, Lyons AN Archives Nationales, Paris AOM Archives Nationales Section d'Outre-Mer, Aix-en-Provence BIC Banque industxielle de Chine CCP Chinese Communist Party CFC Comite franco-chinoise de patronage des jeunes Chinois en France CLC Chinese Labor Corps ECCO EuropeanBranches of the Chinese CommunistOrganizations ECCP EuropeanBranch of the Chinese CommunistParty ECYC European Branch of the Chinese Communist Youth Corps EGMD EuropeanBranch of the Chinese Guomindang EHESS Ecoies des hautes etudes en sciences sociales, centre de recherches et de documentation sur la Chine contemporaine, Paris EGMD French Branch ofthe Chinese Guomindang GMD ChineseNationalist Party, (Guomindang) GYS The Surplus Society (Gongyushe) PCF French Communist Party (Parti Communiste Fran^ais) VI PRO Public Record