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The Nazi Party tried to extend its influence over all aspects of German society. The Hitler Youth and Hitler Youth League of German Girls were developed as Nazi Party youth groups to introduce children and juveniles to Nazi ideology and policy. While girls prepared for their futures as wives and mothers, boys participated in military training. By the end Hitler Youth the war, boys as young as 12 were serving in German civil defense and in the German home guard, the Volkssturm. The Hitler Youth emerged from the scouting and German youth movements of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Early Nazi leaders hoped that the organizations would serve as conduits Hitler Youth political mobilization and ideological Hitler Youth for the young. By the time Adolf Hitler came to power as German chancellor in January Hitler Youth, the Hitler Youth had approximatelymembers. In Hitler Youth following year, all other youth organizations were forbidden. The Hitler Youth and its auxiliaries became the only legal youth movement in Nazi Germany. Inthe Law concerning the Hitler Youth made membership compulsory for all Hitler Youth over ten years old. Compliance was not universal, however, and two ancillary decrees were issued in to Hitler Youth youth service compulsory and non-membership a punishable offense. Children had to be both racially conscious and Hitler Youth fit in order to build Hitler Youth new future for Germany and the Aryan people. As a symbol of the future, the Hitler Youth were often present at Party rallies and marches, including the annual Nuremberg rallies. The Nazi youth movement was Hitler Youth only about preparing for the future. The Hitler Youth and the League of German Girls were also used to weaken traditional social and religious authorities. The Hitler Youth and League of German Girls also encouraged members to report to their leaders about what was happening in their schools, churches, and families. The Hitler Youth was a paramilitary organization designed to train boys as future fighters Hitler Youth soldiers for the Nazi cause. As an official organization of the Nazi state, the Hitler Youth had a military structure at the local, regional, and national levels. Boys practiced military drills, went hiking and camping, learned to handle weapons, and participated Hitler Youth sports, especially boxing. While some boys enjoyed the physical challenge, competition, and camaraderie, others found the activities grueling and Hitler Youth constant Hitler Youth on preparing for war and sacrificing themselves for the fatherland overwhelming and alienating. During the summers, Hitler Youth groups were often sent to work on farms. In addition to agricultural labor, the Hitler Youth also participated in the ideological work of the Party by providing language instruction to ethnic German settlers and guarding camps holding Polish teens. The League of German Girls was intended to prepare girls for futures as wives and mothers. Girls also participated in physical activities, such as gymnastics. The League trained girls Hitler Youth how to care for the home and family, and taught skills like sewing, nursing, cooking, and household chores. As the war accelerated, the Hitler Youth were deployed in military activities, such as operating anti-aircraft rifles during air raids. InHitler Youth SS formed a special division of the Hitler Youth. Officially, boys were to be seventeen, but many were younger. In the final months of the war, boys in their early teens were inducted into the Volkssturm. Poorly equipped and inadequately trained, thousands of these youths joined German forces, fighting and dying on the streets and battlefronts of Germany. Baldur von Schirach stood trial for war crimes at Nuremberg. He was acquitted of the charges related to the Hitler Youth. However, he was convicted of crimes against humanity for other Hitler Youth and sentenced to twenty years in prison. Most members of the Hitler Youth and League of German Girls resumed ordinary lives Hitler Youth postwar Germany, exempt from many of the denazification and reeducation programs after the war. Yet the former members had spent their entire childhoods and young adulthoods under Nazi control and ideological indoctrination, leaving uncertain traces Hitler Youth the next generation of Germans. We would like to thank The Crown and Goodman Family and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. View the list of all donors. You are searching in English. How did postwar trials shape approaches to international justice? Sobibor Uprising. Tags Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics. Browse A-Z Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically. For Teachers Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust. About This Site. Glossary : Full Glossary. Key Facts. More information about this image. Origins The Hitler Youth emerged from the scouting and German youth movements of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Activities The Hitler Youth was a paramilitary organization designed to train boys as future fighters and soldiers for the Nazi cause. Last Edited: Oct 4, See Also Article Nazi Propaganda. Article Indoctrinating Youth. Glossary Terms. Thank you for supporting our work We would like to thank The Crown and Goodman Family and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. Nazi summer camp video shows girls chosen for Ayran purity | Daily Mail Online

From untilit was the sole official boys' youth organisation in Germany and it was Hitler Youth a paramilitary organisation; it was composed of the Hitler Youth proper for male youths aged 14 to 18, and the German Hitler Youth in the Hitler Youth Youth Hitler Youth Jungvolk in der Hitler Jugend Hitler Youth "DJ", also "DJV" for younger Hitler Youth aged 10 to With the surrender of Nazi Germany inthe Hitler Youth de facto ceased to exist. Under Section 86 of the Criminal Code of the Federal Republic of Germany Hitler Youth, the Hitler Youth is an "unconstitutional organisation" and the distribution or public use of its symbols, except for educational or research purposes, is illegal. Based in MunichBavariait served to train and recruit future members of the Sturmabteilung SAthe main paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party at that time. One reason the Hitler Youth so easily developed was that regimented organisations, often focused on politics, for young people and particularly adolescent boys were a familiar concept to German society in the Weimar Republic. Numerous youth movements existed across Germany prior to and especially after World War I. They were created for various purposes. Some were religious and others were Hitler Youth, but the more prominent ones were formed Hitler Youth political reasons, like the Young Conservatives and the Young Protestants. Following the abortive Beer Hall Putsch in NovemberNazi youth groups ostensibly disbanded, but many elements simply went underground, operating clandestinely in Hitler Youth units under assumed names. This event took place a year after the Nazi Party was reorganised. The architect of the re-organisation was Kurt Grubera law student from Plauen in Saxony. The members of the Hitler Youth were viewed as ensuring the future of Nazi Germany and they were indoctrinated in Nazi ideology, including racism. However, over time it changed in content and intention. For example, many activities closely resembled military training, with weapons training, assault course circuits and basic tactics. The aim was to instill the motivation that would enable its members to fight faithfully for Nazi Germany as soldiers. Former Hitler Youth Franz Jagemann claimed that the Hitler Youth "Germany must live" even if they members of the HJ had to die was "hammered" into them. The Hitler Youth were used to break up church youth groups, spy on religious classes and Bible studies, [18] and interfere with church attendance. Their training also aimed to obliterate social and intellectual distinctions between classes, to be replaced and dominated by the political goals of Hitler's totalitarian dictatorship. The books they read were Nazi books. The Hitler Youth was organised into corps under adult leaders, and the general membership of the HJ consisted of boys aged 14 to Such cells had weekly meetings at which various Nazi doctrines were taught by adult leaders. Regional leaders typically organised rallies and field exercises in which several dozen Hitler Youth cells would participate. The largest gathering usually took place annually at Nurembergwhere Hitler Youth from all over Germany would converge for the annual Nazi Party rally. The Hitler Youth maintained training academies comparable to preparatory schools, which were designed to nurture future Nazi Party leaders. The corps offered specialised foundational training for each of the specific arms for which the member was ultimately Hitler Youth. This organisation within the Hitler Youth was a training ground for future labor leaders and technicians. Its symbol was a rising sun with Hitler Youth swastika. Inthe youth organisation of the Nazi Party had a little over 1, members. Much of this increase came from the forcible takeover Hitler Youth other youth organisations. The sizeable Evangelische Jugend Evangelical Youtha Lutheran youth organisation ofmembers, was integrated on 18 February By DecemberHitler Youth membership Hitler Youth reached over five million. Byit had eight million members. Even before membership was made mandatory inGerman youth faced strong pressure to join. Students who held out were frequently assigned essays with titles such as "Why am I not in the Hitler Youth? Bythe Hitler Youth had a monopoly on all youth sports facilities in Germany, effectively locking out non-members. Hitler Youth time went on, a number of boys chafed under the regimented nature of the Hitler Youth. Some dropped out and only rejoined when they learned that they could not get a job or enter university without being a member. There were a few members of the Hitler Youth who Hitler Youth disagreed with Nazi ideologies. The Hitler Youth also assisted in such organisations as the Reich postal service, the Reich railroad servicesand other government offices; [45] members of the HJ also aided the army and served with anti-aircraft defense crews. ByNazi leaders began turning the Hitler Youth into a military reserve to replace manpower which had been depleted due to tremendous military losses. Hitler approved the plan in February Hitler Youth Gottlob Berger was tasked with recruiting. Over 20, German youths participated in the attempt to repulse the D-Day invasion; [49] while they knocked out 28 Canadian tanks during their first effort, Hitler Youth ultimately lost 3, lives before the Hitler Youth assault was complete. As German casualties escalated with the combination of Operation Bagration and the Lvov-Sandomierz Operation in the east, and Operation Cobra in the west, members of the Hitlerjugend were recruited at ever younger ages. Bythe Volkssturm was commonly drafting year-old Hitler Youth members into its ranks. During the Battle of BerlinAxmann's Hitler Youth formed a major part of the last line of German defense, and they were reportedly among the fiercest fighters. Although the city commander, General Helmuth Weidlingordered Axmann to disband the Hitler Youth combat formations, in the confusion this order was never carried out. The remnants of the youth brigade took heavy casualties from the advancing Russian forces. Only two survived. The Hitler Youth was disbanded by Allied authorities as part of the denazification process. Some Hitler Youth members were suspected of war crimes but, because they were children, no serious efforts were made to prosecute these claims. While the Hitler Youth was never declared a criminal organisationits adult leadership was considered tainted for Hitler Youth the minds of young Germans. Many Hitler Youth leaders of the Hitler Youth were put on trial by Allied authorities, and Baldur von Schirach was sentenced to 20 years in prison. Axmann only received a month prison sentence in Maybut he was not found guilty of war crimes. The court found him guilty of indoctrinating German youth with National Socialism until the end Hitler Youth the war, but concluded that he was not guilty of war crimes. German children born in the s and s became adults during the Cold War years. Since membership was compulsory afterit was neither surprising nor uncommon that many senior leaders of both West and East Germany had been members of the Hitler Youth. Little effort was made to blacklist political figures who had been members, since many had little choice in the matter. These German post-war leaders were Hitler Youth once part of an important institutional element of Nazi Germany. Historian Gerhard Rempel opined that Nazi Germany itself was impossible to conceive Hitler Youth the Hitler Youth Youth, as their members constituted the "social, political, and military resiliency of the Third Reich" and were part of "the incubator that maintained the political system by replenishing the ranks of the dominant party and preventing the growth Hitler Youth mass opposition. Some of them recalled a "loss of freedom" and claimed that their time in the HJ "had robbed them of a normal childhood. While they were eventually able to look back at their place in "a dictatorship Hitler Youth oppressed, maimed, and killed millions", he maintains that an honest appraisal should lead them to conclude that their past contributions to the regime had "damaged Hitler Youth own souls. Members' summer uniform consisted of black shorts Hitler Youth tan shirt Hitler Youth pockets, worn with a rolled black neckerchief secured with a woggleusually tucked under the collar. Full members would also receive a knife upon enrollment, with the motto "Blood and Honor" engraved upon it. Troop colours: [66] [j]. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Youth organisation of the Nazi Party. Baldur von Schirach Artur Axmann. Play media. Retrieved: 1 February Bartoletti, Susan Campbell New York: Scholastic Nonfiction. Bern: Peter Lang. London: Arrow Books. Retrieved 11 December London and New York: Routledge. The Third Reich in Power. New York: Penguin. Villers Bocage. Battle Zone Normandy. Sutton Publishing. James Bender Publishing. The Third Reich. Hitler Youth. Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und Hitler Youth in German. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. The Hitler Youth: Origins and Development, — New York: Barnes and Noble. Hitler Youth, — An Illustrated History. The Hitler Youth. Somerset, Hitler Youth Agincourt. Amber Books Ltd. Hitler's Elite: The SS — In Wolfgang Bialas; Lothar Fritze eds. Nazi Ideology and Ethics. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars. Berlin: Eher Verlag. Die evangelische Jugend im Dritten Reich — in German. Frankfurt: Norddeutsche Verlagsanstalt. Nazi Germany - Hitler Youth - History

It was the summer Hitler Youth and Allied forces had defeated the Nazis, who had officially surrendered in May. German soldiers were now prisoners, concentration camps were now empty, the Nazi war Hitler Youth was no more, yet the Werwolf Hitler Youth on. A loose collection of Nazi resistance fighters, the Werwolf — named for a German novel whose title translates to "war wolf" — intended to carry on after the surrender, creating havoc in the newly occupied Allied territory. While most modern historians contend that the group was largely ineffectual and valuable mostly as a propaganda tool, the small force may the reports are sketchy and varied have succeeded in carrying out a handful of bombings and assassinations of Allied personnel in Germany in the months and even years immediately following the war. Which Nazis would dare press on with such actions even after the war had ended? Who made up the Werwolf? The group comprised some members of the Nazi SS, as well as some volunteers, but also a significant number Hitler Youth the Nazis' youngest fighters — very young men still in their teens, some might even say children. And why, of all people, would these children have the zeal to Hitler Youth ahead to the bitter end for such a violent cause even after defeat? Birthed Hitler Youth its first incarnation in and officially christened the Hitlerjugend "Hitler Youth" in Hitler Youth, this was the only official youth group of the Nazi Party. By"official" became "mandatory," increasing the group's ranks to some Hitler Youth million and leaving just a tiny fraction of Hitler Youth members who managed not to join despite immense social and legal pressure. With so many members in the fold, the Hitler Youth's purpose was to indoctrinate boys into the Nazi worldview, prepare them for combat, and thoroughly transform them into effective cogs Hitler Youth the Nazi machine. As Adolf Hitler himself said in And even if they are still not complete National Socialists, they go to Hitler Youth Service and are smoothed out there for another six, seven months. And whatever class consciousness or social status Hitler Youth still be left. Indeed, the aim of the Hitler Youth was to take an incoming year-old and systematically mold him Hitler Youth the person that the party needed him to be by the time he was 18 and ready to leave the organization. That molding took Hitler Youth forms, some of them much more benign, even pleasant, than others: weapons training, physical exercise, camping, officers' training, athletic competitions, academic schooling, music performance, and more. And while the Hitler Youth started out by emphasizing more of the benign activities — the group even took some early inspiration from the Boy Scouts — they began to privilege the more violent and hateful ones as the war drew closer and ultimately dragged on toward its destructive end. As the war reached Germany's borders and the fading Nazi war effort grew more and more desperate for bodies Hitler Youth throw at the approaching enemy, the Hitler Youth placed more and more emphasis on military training and even began sending some of its children, even those as young as 12, into battle. Despite their age, many of these young soldiers fought until the very end — and some, like those who made up the Werwolf, continued to fight even after that. After years of intense indoctrination, it's easy to believe that these boys, even with the war over, knew little else besides fighting for the cause in which they'd been immersed for virtually their entire lives. After learning about the Hitler youth, have a look at 33 photos of "normal" Hitler Youth life in Nazi Germany. Then, view this collection of Holocaust photos that reveal both the tragedy and perseverance of this horrific episode. By John Kuroski. These revealing historical images take you inside the Hitler Youth and show how mere children became Nazis. Like this gallery? Share it: Share Tweet Email. Adolf Hitler poses with young men at a Hitler Youth gathering, Hitler Youth parade, circa Hitler Youth members force Jews to clean a street as a crowd looks on in Vienna, Austria in Eleven-year-old boys of the Hitler Youth learn how to fire a rifle, circa Four boys of the Hitler Youth stand in front of the Nazi flag at an unspecified location, circa Hitler Youth Hitler poses with a member of the Nazi Youth, date unspecified. Hitler Youth members burn books at an unspecified location, Hitler Youth members undergo boxing training, circa Hitler Youth members pose in uniform at an unspecified location, Members of the Hitler Youth train with gas masks at an unspecified location, June Mondadori Portfolio via Getty Images. The crowd's contrasting blue Hitler Youth white uniforms spell out the words "We belong to you. A Hitler Youth wearing his Hitler Youth uniform Hitler Youth with his mother and siblings in February Hitler Youth members train with rifles. Date and location unspecified. Boys practice fighting moves during a Hitler Youth training session, date unspecified. Hitler Youth members Hitler Youth had been wounded while on duty during an air raid receive decoration for their actions, September 23, Adolf Hitler smiles while uniformed youths salute him in Erfurt, Germany, A member of the Hitler Youth cries after being captured by U. Hitler Youth members engage in chicken fights at an unspecified location, A soldier trains a Hitler Youth member in the art of shooting. Adolf Hitler sits with a large group of Hitler Youth members at the Nazi Party national headquarters in Munich, circa A Hitler Youth member poses at an unspecified location, Hitler Youth members pose in a tent during a camping trip at an Hitler Youth location, Adolf Hitler receives a bouquet of roses from a member of the Hitler Youth, Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels speaks to a member of the Hitler Youth at an unspecified location, Hitler Youth members pose on a Hitler Youth at an unspecified location, Four Hitler Youth members salute while riding on bicycles in Berlin, Hitler Youth members play tug of war while training with gas masks in Worms, Accompanied by their parents, ten-year-olds are forcibly enrolled into the Hitler Youth on March 1, Hitler Youth members help clean up the ruins following an attack at an unspecified location, Hitler Youth Hitler Youth members receive a charitable contribution to the Nazi Party's Winter Relief charity to provide food, clothing, and the like for the less fortunate from Adolf Hitler in Berlin, circa Crowds of Hitler Youth salute as they listen to a Hitler Youth given by Adolf Hitler at a rally at Nuremberg in Hitler Youth members ceremonially jump over a fire during a summer solstice celebration Hitler Youth Berlin on June 27, Hitler Youth members line up in recognition of the Hitler Youth of leading Nazi Hermann Goering right in Berlin on January 12, A Hitler Youth member on horseback salutes his comrades as they parade by at an unspecified location on April 10, In Worms, Hitler Youth members dress as metal tubes in a demonstration to encourage the collection of scrap metal, Share Tweet Email. 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