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From Territorial Cohesion to the New Regionalized Europe

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From Territorial Cohesion to the New Regionalized Europe FROM TERRITORIAL COHESION TO THE NEW REGIONALIZED EUROPE Luisa Pedrazzini, Renata Satiko Akiyama (eds.) I From territorial cohesion to the new regionalized Europe edited by Luisa Pedrazzini, Renata Satiko Akiyama ISBN 88-387-6034-9 Editing: Elena Gorla II Luisa Pedrazzini Renata Satiko Akiyama From territorial cohesion to the new regionalized Europe Marchio Maggioli III IV Index Preface, Alessandro Balducci pag. 5 EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES From territorial cohesion to the new regionalized Europe, Luisa Pedrazzini 1. Background and main steps » 11 2. Present situation: the drivers » 19 3. At present ... place based approach, macro regions and re- gionalization, what else? » 20 References » 24 Spatial scenarios and policy suggestions for the Latin Arc countries, Roberto Camagni 1. Introduction 2. The new scenarios » 27 3. Quantitative foresight » 28 4. Policy opinion for southern European countries » 31 5. Regional and local policy strategies in the Latin Arc: territorial » 33 capital and territorial “platforms” 6. Scenarios and policy ideas for the Barcelona Province » 36 7. Conclusions » 39 Notes » 43 References » 43 » 44 Tourism helps or hinders the growth of urban regions? Ev- idence from Espon and a number of European art cities, Jan van der Borg 1. Introduction » 45 2. Tourism in heritage regions and their carrying capacity » 46 3. A geography of heritage and tourism of Europe » 51 4. Tourism management in urban tourism regions and the les- sons taught by Venice » 59 References » 63 V EVOKED IMAGES FOR THE EUROPEAN SPACE The representation of European space: issues, criticism and new scenarios within the creation of Europe’s spatial icons and metaphors, Francesco Curci 1. The role of visual metaphors in European space pag. 67 2. An anthology of metaphors » 68 3. ESDP’s and ESPONS’s contribution to the construction of a col- lective imagination of European space » 73 4. Drawing the future of Europe: a review of Klaus Kunz- mann’s scenarios » 75 5. Conclusions » 78 Notes » 79 References » 79 Isotropy through dispersion. A new vocabulary for the Eu- ropean territorial cohesion, Maddalena Falletti 1. Introduction » 81 2. Territorial cohesion » 82 3. Polycentrism. ESPON project 1.1.1 » 84 4. An alternative scenario for Europe » 87 5. Conclusions » 91 Notes » 92 References » 92 Complexity and contradiction in European regulation. Sus- tainable energy development and agricultural space, Ángel L. González Morales 1. “Objectives triangle”: balanced and sustainable spatial development » 95 2. Economic and social cohesion. ESDP and the G8 meeting about agriculture » 97 3. Protection of natural resources and cultural heritage: diver- sity, identity and landscape » 100 Notes » 102 References » 103 Placing culture at the heart of regional and urban develop- ment processes: EU strategies and programs, Laura Pierantoni » 105 Notes » 111 References » 112 VI City and migration. The European policies on urban trans- formation caused by migratory fl ows, Nausica Pezzoni 1. Introduction pag. 113 2. The case of Antwerp (Belgium) » 114 3. The relation between city and immigration into the European policies » 116 4. The European Programs on integration » 118 5. Conclusions » 120 Notes » 121 References » 121 REGIONAL AND LOCAL INTERPRETATIONS Territorial future. Understanding Italian challenges and Lom- bardy opportunities, Renata Satiko Akiyama 1. Introduction » 125 1. New challenges for cities and regions » 125 2. Territorial cohesion in Italy and opportunities for Lombardy Region » 133 Notes » 139 References » 140 Who plans the water. The water framework directive and the “Contratti di fi ume”. Water management and spatial planning in Europe, Maria Chiara Pastore 1. Introduction » 143 2. The water framework directive » 144 3. “Contratti di fi ume”, the WFD takes place. The Lombardy Re- gion policies » 145 4. Conclusions » 149 Notes » 150 References » 151 Sebian changes for integration in the European Union, Ilija Gubic 1. Introduction. EU enlargement » 153 2. Lament over EU integration of Serbia » 154 3. Serbia and the EU budget » 154 4. Spatial plans of Serbia » 155 5. Transition and planning system » 156 6. New spatial plan of Serbia » 156 7. Conclusions » 157 Notes » 158 VII The role of community policies in Galiza: high speed infra- structues, Martìn Barreiro Cruz 1. Introduction pag. 161 2. The historical evolution of infrastructures over the Galician territory » 161 3. Parallel changes in the human asset » 164 4. Actual infrastructure plans and policies » 166 5. Conclusions » 169 Notes » 170 References » 170 Comparative study of different nature of sprawl in EU and Tehran metropolitan region, Hossein Maroufi 1. Introduction » 173 2. Urban sprawl, European perspective » 173 3. Teheran young and developing metropolis (tracking sprawl in metropolis of Tehran-Iran) » 177 4. Comparison and conclusion: different nature of sprawl in case of Tehran » 183 Notes » 184 References » 184 Rehabilitation of urban heritage: Mediterranean experi- ences, Haysam Nour 1. Introduction » 187 2. Rehabilitation of urban heritage: towards and integrated ap- proach » 187 3. URBAN I in Palermo » 189 4. Rehabilitation of Al-Darb Al-Ahmar district in Cairo » 194 5. Concluding framework » 198 Notes » 199 References » 199 Contributors » 201 VIII Preface Alessandro Balducci* The book «From territorial cohesion to the new regionalized Europe» is the result of a year of discussion and refl ection promoted by Luisa Pedrazzini during the course «European Spatial Planning and Policies», held in the PhD program Spatial Planning and Urban Development at the Politecnico di Milano in 2009-2010 an offered to all of Athenaeum’s PhD courses. This volume collects the contributions from key opinion leaders in European spatial policies and selected research papers from PhD students. The common thread that connects all the contributions presented in the following pages regards the concept of Territorial Cohesion as a fundamental issue for promoting a harmonious development of the Eu- ropean territory, applied through the very different subjects threaded by the authors. Further, refl ections refer to the new confi guration that seems assuming Europe, where new macro regions, aggregated on the basis of their character and common problems overdriving administrative borders, are emerging. In this framework, the importance of regional and local govern role is rising to contribute with more effectiveness to an integrated Europe together with the infl uence of European Union’s (EU) sectoral policies on European spatial confi guration that has been growing for more than twenty years, so that in the European Treaty the term ‘territorial cohesion’, along with those related to economic and social issues, has become a concurrent matter between EU and Member States and represents. EU member states are extraordinarily different and this diversity is considered a fundamental advantage that can contribute to the sustain- able development of the EU as whole. However, to turn EU diversity into strength it is indispensable to coordinate territorial capital, local potentials and national-regional demands through EU policies and programs. For that reason, the book edited by Luisa Pedrazzini addresses issues related to the territorial impact of European policies and the application of the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) principles, supported by the most recent information about EU future scenarios and consolidated experiences of EU cities and regions. * Coordinator of the PhD program Spatial Planning and Urban Development. 5 The book is structured in three parts. In the fi rst part, entitled «European Perspectives», three experts of European spatial studies provide us some unmarked ESPON results and open horizons about the European spatial planning arena. Luisa Pedrazzini, the coordinator of the course and executive manager of the General Directorate of Green Systems and Landscape at Lombardy Region, opens the discussion with the article «From European spatial plan- ning to the new regionalized Europe». After providing a critical overview of main issues and process of European spatial planning and development, she emphasizes the importance of the territorial dimension and the role of regional cooperation for EU cohesion policies, analyzing key EU reports and programs and highlighting the growing participation of Baltic Region in EU projects. Roberto Camagni, professor of economy at the Politecnico di Milano, introduces the main results of the ESPON project «Spatial Scenarios: new tools for local and regional territories» developed for the 2008-2020 period. Working with three integrated scenarios: Reference Scenario, a Pro-active Scenario, and Defensive Scenario, he gives us a general idea of current trends and provides suggestions for the Latin Arc countries. Jan Van der Borg, professor of economy at Ca’ Foscari University, dis- cusses the relationship between tourism and social-economic development in European urban regions, presenting the idea of sustainable tourism development through the respect of a carrying capacity limit established by the ESPON project 1.3.3 «Role and Spatial Effects of Cultural Heritage and Identity», developed with his collaboration. To conclude, Van der Borg discusses the consequences of this limit to tourism development taking as reference the case of Venice. The second part of the book, entitled «Evoked Images for the European Space», discusses the current scenarios proposed by different interpretations and applications of European policies. The chapter starts with the
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