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Projecte O Tesina D'especialitat PROJECTE O TESINA D’ESPECIALITAT Títol ANÀLISI DE L’EVOLUCIÓ DE L’ACCESSIBILITAT A LA XARXA FERROVIÀRIA DE BARCELONA Autor/a Marian FERNANDEZ CANO Tutor/a Francesc MAGRINYÀ TORNER Departament Enginyeria del Transport i del Territori (ITT) Intensificació Ordenació del Territori Data MAIG 2009 ANÀLISI DE L’EVOLUCIÓ DE L’ACCESSIBILITAT A LA XARXA FERROVIÀRIA DE BARCELONA Autor: Marian Fernandez Cano Tutor: Francesc Magrinyà Torner La xarxa ferroviària catalana de viatgers ha anat evolucionant al llarg del temps, des de l’aparició del primer ferrocarril l’any 1848 (de Barcelona a Mataró) fins a l’aplicació de les actuacions considerades en el Pla Director d’Infraestructures (2001-2010). L’objectiu de l’estudi és l’anàlisi d’aquesta evolució temporal de la xarxa ferroviària (en el període 1860 - 2010) a partir dels indicadors topològics i el càlcul d’accessibilitats de la mateixa, considerant dos àmbits territorials diferents: la Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona (RMB) i l’Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona (AMB). La xarxa ferroviària analitzada està constituïda pels ferrocarrils de via ampla (l’operador dels quals és Rodalies RENFE), els de via estreta (gestionats per FGC), el metropolità barceloní (pertanyent a TMB) i els sistemes tramviaris Sant Martí – Besòs i Diagonal – Baix Llobregat (l’operador dels quals és TRAM). L’origen de la xarxa ferroviària catalana pren com a nucli la ciutat de Barcelona. D’una banda, les línies ferroviàries de via ampla, construïdes majoritàriament durant la segona meitat del segle XIX, s’estenen radialment pel territori, relacionant el centre barceloní amb nuclis urbans allunyats, o ciutats destacades de la geografia espanyola. D’altra banda, a principis del segle XX es desenvolupa la xarxa de “carrilets” o ferrocarrils de via estreta, xarxa de caire interurbà que connecta noves zones del territori català mitjançant el traçat de les seves línies: Llobregat – Anoia i Vallès. A més, la xarxa del metropolità barceloní es desenvolupa notablement a partir 1950. El seu creixement continua entre les dècades dels 60 i els 90, seguint les especificacions dels diferents Plans de Metros aprovats. Es preveu la seva futura extensió, amb la incorporació de la L9 i els perllongaments de les línies existents, actuacions recollides en el Pla Director d’Infraestructures 2001-2010. Finalment, a partir de l’any 2004 s’incorporen a la xarxa ferroviària els sistemes tramviaris Trambaix i Trambesòs. El punt de partida per a l’anàlisi topològica de la xarxa és l’elaboració d’un graf com a modelització de la realitat: aquest permet caracteritzar la xarxa pel que fa a les connexions dels nodes, traçat, velocitat de recorregut, etc. A partir de l’elaboració dels grafs representatius dels escenaris temporals i territorials plantejats i de les variables definitòries de la xarxa en cada estat, s’obtenen indicadors topològics de la xarxa tals com la connexitat, connectivitat i la forma; aquests permetran establir una comparació de les diferents etapes i certificar que hi ha una evolució. Els grafs permeten el càlcul de la matriu de temps d’accessibilitat per a cada escenari, que informa del temps mínim de viatge entre els diferents nodes considerats. A partir de la matriu de temps s’elabora un mapa d’isocrones o línies d’igual temps d’accés. D’aquesta manera es pot fer una comparació entre els diferents escenaris temporals i detectar els canvis produïts a la xarxa ferroviària des del punt de vista de l’accessibilitat. Avaluant des d’una òptica topològica l’evolució de la xarxa, es verifica que la xarxa adquireix complexitat i millora la seva connexitat i connectivitat amb el temps. L’evolució del RAI manifesta que les zones privilegiades es mantenen pràcticament invariables en el temps. Malgrat la mínima variació de les zones privilegiades, la millora de l’accessibilitat és notable, reduint-se el temps mig de trajecte en tot l’àmbit territorial. Finalment s’observa que les actuacions previstes en el Pla Director d’Infraestructures contribueixen a millorar l’accessibilitat global, mantenir territorialment les zones privilegiades respecte la resta (RAI inferior a 1) i homogeneïtzar el territori mitjançant la tendència evolutiva de la xarxa cap a l’esquema reticular. ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION OF ACCESSIBILITY IN BARCELONA’S RAILWAY NETWORK Author: Marian Fernandez Cano Tutor: Francesc Magrinyà Torner Catalan Travellers’ Railway Network has evolved through time, from the first railway line appearing, in 1848, between Barcelona and Mataró, to the application of the actions considered on the Infrastructure Directive Plan (2001-2010). The study´s aim is to analise this temporal evolution (between 1860 - 2010) using topologyc indicators and the accessibility´s calculation, considering two different areas: Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona (RMB) and Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona (AMB). Railway network considered in this study is composed by railway lines with wide tracks (operated by Rodalies RENFE), railway lines with narrow tracks (managed by FGC), Barcelona Metropolitan metro lines (belonging to TMB), and tram track systems of “Sant Martí – Besòs” and “Diagonal – Baix Llobregat” (opperated by TRAM). The origins of the Catalan Railway Network have as a core the city of Barcelona. On the one hand, most wide railway tracks built during the second half of the XIXth century, were spread around the territory, connecting Barcelona with further urban centres or important Spanish cities. On the other hand, at the beginning of the XXth century, railway network lines with squeeze track were developed. This were inter-city networks that connected new zones appeared on the territory through their outlines: Llobregat – Anoia i Vallès. Moreover, Barcelona's Metropolitan network develops notably from 1950 on. Its growth continues through the decades of the sixties and nineties following the approvals of the different Metro Plans. Its future extent is already planned and will consist of the incorporation of a new metro line (L9) and the prolongation of existing lines. These actions are included in the "Pla Director... 2001- 2010. Finally, in 2004, tram lines Trambaix and Trambesos are incorporated to the network . The starting point for the topological analysis of the net is the creation of a graph as a reality modelling process: this allows characterizing the net regarding the connections of the nodes, outline, speed of itinerary, etc. From the creation of the representative graphs of the temporary and territorial scenarios and of the definite variables of the net in each state, topological indicators of the net such as connectedly, connectivity and form are obtained; these will allow the establishment of a comparison between the different stages and to certify that there is an evolution. The graphs allow the calculation of the accessibility time matrix for each scenario which it briefs of the minimum time on journey among the different considerate nodes. A map of isochrones or equal access time lines is elaborated from the time matrix. Thus, a comparison can be made between the different temporary scenarios and detect the changes produced to the train net from the point of view of accessibility. Evaluating the evolution of the net from a topological point of view it can be verified that the net acquires complexity and betters its connectivity and its connectedly through time. The RAI evolution shows that priviledged zones are static. Even though these zones barely change improvement in accessibility is remarkable, the average time of the journeys is reduced in all the territory. Finally, it can be observed that actions planned in the "Pla Director d’Infraestructures" contribute to improve global accessibility, maintain priviledged zones away from the others (RAI below 1) and even the territory through the evolutive tendency of the net to move to the reticulated scheme. Capítol 1. Índex 1 INDEX 1 INDEX.......................................................................................................................I 2 INTRODUCCIÓ .......................................................................................................1 2.1 OBJECTIUS I CONTINGUT .........................................................................................1 2.2 DESCRIPCIÓ DEL MARC TERRITORIAL ..................................................................2 2.3 EVOLUCIÓ DE LA XARXA FERROVIÀRIA I CREIXEMENT URBÀ..........................4 3 LA CONSTRUCCIÓ DE LA XARXA FERROVIÀRIA METROPOLITANA DE BARCELONA.................................................................................................................9 3.1 EVOLUCIÓ HISTÒRICA DEL FERROCARRIL INTERURBÀ.....................................9 3.1.1 Evolució històrica de les línies ferroviàries de via ampla. Primera etapa: (1848-1894) .........................................................................................................10 3.1.1.1 El tren de Barcelona a Mataró (1848) ......................................................... 12 3.1.1.2 El tren de Barcelona a Granollers (1854).................................................... 13 3.1.1.3 El tren de Barcelona a Martorell i Vilafranca (1859) ................................... 14 3.1.1.4 El ferrocarril de Sabadell, Terrassa i Manresa (1855) ................................ 15 3.1.1.5 El ferrocarril de Valls i Vilanova a Barcelona (1882)................................... 16 3.1.1.6 El ferrocarril de Barcelona a Granollers, Vic i Ripoll (1880)........................ 16 3.1.1.7 El vuit català ...............................................................................................
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