EIGHTIETH

ANNUAL REPORT

O F T H E

AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

FOK

FOREIGN MISSIONS.

PRESENTED AT THE

MEETING HELD AT MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

O C T O B E R 8 -11. 1890.

BOSTON: PRESS OF SAMUEL USHER,

171 DEVONSHIRE STREET. 1890.

REPORT OF THE ANNUAL MEETING.

T h e American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions commenced its Eighty- first Annual Meeting in Plymouth Congregational Church, Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 8, 1890, at three o’clock in the afternoon.

CORPORATE MEMBERS PRESENT. Rhode Island. Hon. Amos C. Barstow, Providence. M aine. Francis W . Carpenter, Esq., Providence Joseph S. Wheelwright, Esq., Bangor. Rev. William P. Fisher, Brunswick. Connecticut. John N. Stickney, Esq., Rockville. New Hampshire. Charles R. Palmer, D.D., Bridgeport. Samuel C. Bartlett, D.D., LL.D., Hanover. Burdett Hart, D.D., New Haven. Alonzo H. Quint, D.D., Dover. Hon. Nathaniel Shipman, Hartford. Vermont. George L. Walker, D.D., Hartford.

Edward Hawes, D.D., Burlington. James G.Johnson, D.D., New London. Rev. H. Fairbanks, PH.D., St. Johnsbury. Lewis A. Hyde, Esq., Norwich. Geo. W . Phillips, D.D., Rutland. Azel W . Hazen, D.D., Middletown. Hon. Franklin Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury. Elbert B. Monroe, Esq., Southport. Lewellyn Pratt, D.D., Norwich. Massachusetts. Charles A. Jewell, Esq., Hartford. Augustus C. Thompson, D.D., Boston. N ew York. Nathaniel George Clark, D.D., Boston. Langdon S. Ward, Esq., Boston. Richard S. Storrs, D.D., LL.D., Brooklyn. Joshua W . Wellman, D.D., Malden. Zebuion S. Ely, Esq., New York City. Edmund K. Alden, D.D., Boston. L. Henry Cobb, D.D., New York City. William E. Merriman, D.D., Boston. William M. Taylor, D.D., New York City. Hon. Joseph S. Ropes, Boston. Rev. E. N. Packard, Syracuse. Edwin B. Webb, D.D., Wellesley. A. J. F. Behrends, D.D., Brooklyn. Daniel L. Furber, D.D., Newton Centre. Frank Russell, D.D., New York City. Egbert C. Smyth, D.D., Andover. John H. Washburn, Esq., New York City. Hon. Arthur W . Tufts, Boston Highlands. Wm. E. Park, D.D., Gloversville. Charles C. Burr, Esq., Auburndale. John D. Cutter, Esq., Brooklyn. Elbridge Torrey, Esq., Boston. Ohio. Jonathan L. Jenkins, D.D., Pittsfield. James Brand, D.D., Oberlin. Cyrus Hamlin, D.D., LL.D., Lexington. Calvin B. Hulbert, D.D., Zanesville. Elnathan E. Strong, D.D., Auburndale. Washington Gladden, d.d., Columbus. Henry M. Dexter, D.D., New Bedford. Rev. William H. Warren, Cincinnati. Albert H. Plumb, D.D., Boston Highlands. Illinois. Judson Smith, D.D., Boston. Franklin Carter, LL.D., Williamstown. Robert W . Patterson, D.D., Evanston. Hon. James White, Williamstown. George N. Boardman, D.D., Chicago. Hon. Wiiiiam P. Ellison, Newton. Edward P. Goodwin, D.D., Chicago. Michael Burnham, D.D., Springfield. E. W. Blatchford, Esq., Chicago. Rev. Chas. A. Dickinson, Boston. Ralph Emerson, Esq., Rockford. G. Henry Whitcomb, Esq., Worcester. Simon J. Humphrey, D.D., Chicago. Edward A. Studley, Esq., Boston. Charles H. Bull, Esq., Quincy. Arthur Little, D.D., Dorchester. James W . Scovili, Esq., Oak Park. Francis E. Clark, D.D., Auburndale. Frederick A. Noble, D.D., Chicago Charles C. Creegan, D.D., Boston. Rev. Moses Smith, Glencoe. Lyman S. Rowland, D.D., Lee. Charles H. Case, Esq., Chicago. Rev. David N. Beach, Cambridgeport. M. K. Whittlesey, d.d., Ottawa. IV Report o f the Annual Meeting.

Franklin W . Fisk, D.D., Chicago. Connecticut. J. K. Scarborough, Esq., Payson. Rev. Q. M. Bosworth, Jewett City. John L. Withrow, D.D., Chicago. H. L. James, Rockville. William H. Rice, Esq., Chicago. Rev. Joel S. Ives, Stratford. Rev. Edward M. Williams, Chicago. G. S. F. Savage, D.D., Chicago. Rhode Island. E. F. Williams, D.D., Chicago. Henry W. Wilkinson, Providence William H. Bradley, Esq., Chicago Daniel E. Day, Providence.

Michigan. New York. James B. Angell, l l .d ., Ann Arbor. Rev. Samuel Johnson, New Haven. Horatio Q. Butterfield, D.D., Olivet. Rev. C. H. Daniels, New York City. Rev. Wm. A. Waterman, Kalamazoo. Wm. Kincaid, D.D., New York City. Sam'l H. Virgin, D.D., New York City Wisconsin. W . W . Rand, D.D., New York City. Edward H. Merrill, D.D., Ripon. Rev. Jas. W . Grush, Perry Centre. Hon. Edward D. Holton, Milwaukee. Rev. E. B. Turner, Owego. Elijah Swift, Esq., Eau Claire. Rev. A. G. Upton, Syracuse. Edward D. Eaton, D.D., Beloit. New Jersey. Minnesota. t Rev. C. B. Bullard, Parsippany. James W . Strong, d.d., Northfield. Charles F. Thwing, D.D., Minneapolis. Maryland. David C. Bell, Esq., Minneapolis. Rev. E. A. Lawrence, Baitimor«.

Iowa. Ohio. Alden B. Robbins, D.D., Muscatine. Rev. W . F. McMillen, Cleveland. George F. Magoun, D.D., Grinnell. L. M. Pitkin, Cleveland. Rev. George H. White, Grinnell. Rev. John H. Gurney, Oberlin.

Missouri. Indiana. Henry A. Stimson, D.D., St. Louis. Rev. D. P. Breed, Michigan City. Henry Hopkins, D.D., Kansas City. Illinois. Nebraska. Rev. C. C. Warner, Alton. Alexander R. Thain, D.D., Omaha. Rev. R. M. Sargent, Dover. Washington. N. H. Whittlesey, D.D., Evanstoa. Rev. Pliny F. Warren, Havana. Rev. Geo. A. Tewksbury, Seattle. Eli Corwin, D.D., Chicago. Rev. Walter A. Evans, Chicago. MALE HONORARY MEMBERS Rev. H. L. Hammond, Chicago. REPORTED AS PRESENT. Simeon Gilbert, d.d., Chicago. Rev. H. S. Harrison, Chicago. Maine. Rev. Theodore P. Prudderi, Chicago» Galen C. Moses, Bath. Rev. Arthur F. Skeele, Chicago. Rev. Hugh Elder, Farmington. Rev. F. S. Hayden, Jacksonville. J. P. Thwing, Farmington. Wm. E. Blackstone, Oak Park. Rev. Warren F. Day, Ottawa. New Hampshire. Rev. O. C. Clark, Providence. Rev. E. G. Parsons, Derry. Rev. S. H. Dana, Quincy. Massachusetts. Thomas D. Robertson, Rockford. Rev. Geo. F. Huntington, Seward. Henry E. Gordon, Aubumdale. Edward G. Hown, Washington Heights. Joseph Cook, Boston. Rev. Q. L. Dowd, Winnetka. Rev. R. M. Howard, Boston. G. M. Boynton, D.D., Boston. Michigan. Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, Boston. Rev. E. W . Miller, Big Rapids Phineas Hubbard, North Cambridge. Rev. W . B. Dada, Watervliet. 0. S. Dean, D.D., Holbrook. Wisconsin. Rev. E. G. Porter, Lexington. Rev. E. S. Tead, Somerville. Rev. H. P. Higley, Beloit. Charles E. Swett, Winchester. Rev. G. W . Nelson, Eau Claire Edwin Eldred, Worcester. Rev. A. D. Blakeslee, Hayward Report of the Annual Meeting.

J. A. Cunningham, Janesville. Rev. Moses K. Cross, Waterloo. Rev. William Walker, Milton. Rev. J. T. Blanchard, Webster City. Rev. Homer W . Carter, Plattsville. Nebraska. Rev. Wm. Carter, Sparta. G. W . Wainwright, D.D., Blair. Minnesota. Rev. M. J. P. Thing, Springfield. Rev. C. E. Wright, Austin. Rev. J. A. Rowell, Hamilton. North Dakota. Rev. E. F. Hunt, Hutchinson. Rev. A. J. Pike, Dwight. R. J. Baldwin, Minneapolis. Rev. George Curtis, Mayville. John E. Bradley, PH.D., Minneapolis. Rev. Charles Seccombe, Springfield. Cyrus Northrop, LL.D., Minneapolis. Smith Baker, D.D., Minneapolis. South Dakota. Rev. H. L. Chase, Minneapolis. Rev. H. S. Mills, Huron. S. L. B. Speare, D.D., Minneapolis. Montana. Rev. R. T. Cross, Minneapolis. Rev. H. W . Gleason, Minneapolis. Rev. F. D. Kelsey, Helena. Charles A. Marsh, Minneapolis. Utah. Henry Plant, Minneapolis. Rev. John B. Wheelwright, Minneapolis. Rev. W . S. Hawkes, Salt Lake City. George H. Rust, Minneapolis. Foreign Lands. Rev. G. E. McConnell, Northfield. George Washburn, d.d., Constantinople, Turkey. Rev. Geo. Huntington, Northfield. Rev. A. L. P. Loomis, Plainview. A. H. Heath, D.D., St. Paul. MISSIONARIES PRESENT. Rev. J. M. Edmands, Wadena. J. B. Locke, Zumbrota. Rev. Wm. N. Chambers, Eastern Turkey. Isaac C. Stearns, Zumbrota. Rev. Caleb F. Gates, Eastern Turkey. Rev. George H. Gutterson, Madura. Iowa. Rev. James E. Tracy, Madura. Rev. Wm. E. Holyoke, Bentonsport. Rev. John P. Jones, Madura. William Salter, D.D., Burlington. Rev. Richard Winsor, Marathi Mission. Rev. A. W. Archibald, Davenport. Rev. Doremus Scudder, M.D., and wife, North C. O. Brown, D.D., Dubuque. Japan. f Rev. H. H. Robbins, Grinnell. Mrs. Alice G. Gulick, Spain. Rev. A. E. Everest, Grinnell. Rev. H. M. Bissell and wife, Mexico. Rev. M. A. Bullock, Iowa City. Rev. David Rood and wife, Zulu Mission. Rev. Jas. E. Snowden, Lemars. Rev. B. F. Ousley and wife, East Africa. Rev. Albert A. Young, Monona. Rev. H. P. Beach, North China. Henry D. Smith, Monticello. Rev. E. E. Aiken, North China. Rev. Geo. W . Sargent, Preston. Rev. Isaac Pierson, North China. Rev. John W . Ferner, Storm Lake. Rev. D. Z. Sheffield and wife, North China. Wm. M. Brooks, D.D., Tabor. A . P. Peck, M.D., North China. Rev. E. Adams, Waterloo. Miss E. J. Newton, Foochow.

President P . S. Storrs, d .d . , l l . d ., took the chair and led the devotional exercises.

An address of welcome was made by Rev. C. F. Thwing, d . d ., Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements, to which President Storrs responded. The material portion of the Minutes of the last meeting was read. The Chair nominated the following committees, which were approved : — Committee o f Arrangements. Rev. Smith Baker, D . D . , Charles H. Bull, Esq., Rev.

Michael Burnham, d . d . , Rev. Washington Gladden, d . d . , Frank W . Carpenter.

Business Committee. Rev. Charles F. Thwing, d . d . , Edward A. Studley, Esq.,

Rev. Charles R. Palmer, d . d . , Hon. William E. Haile, Rev. Henry Hopkins, d . d . The Chair appointed the following: —

Committee on Nominations. Rev. James G. Johnson, d . d . , David C. Bell, Esq.,

Pres. Edward D. Eaton, d . d ., Hon. Franklin Fairbanks, Pres. Horatio Q. Butterfield, D.D. Secretary Alden read the Report of the Prudential Committee on the Home Depart­ ment. Prayer was offered b y President S. C. Bartlett, d . d . , and a hymn was sung. vi Report o f the Annual Meeting.

Treasurer Ward read a Summary of his Report, to which were appended the certifi­ cates of the Auditors, including a certificate from an expert examiner, Mr. Rodney McLaughlin, employed by the Auditors to make a special examination of the Treasurer's books. Secretary Smith read that part of the Annual Survey of Missions relating to Asia Minor, China, Africa, and the Pacific Islands. A communication was received from the Cilicia Union of the Central Turkey Mission expressing their gratitude for the work of the missionaries sent to them by the Board. It was referred to the Committee to be appointed on Turkish Missions. Secretary Clark read that portion of the Survey of Missions relating to India, Papal Lands, Bulgaria, and Japan.

Prayer was offered b y Rev. James Brand, d . d . It was voted to receive the Report of the Committee of Nine after the devotional hour on Thursday morning. Adjournment was taken to 7.45 o'clock.

WEDNESDAY EVENING.

The President took the chair at 7.45 o’clock. After singing by the choir of Ply­ mouth Church, the Scripture was read and prayer offered by Rev. John P. Jones, of Madura, India. The hymn “ He that goeth forth with weeping” was sung; and the

sermon preached by Rev. Arthur Little, d . d ., from the text John 1 2 : 2 4 : “ Verily, verily I say unto you, Exxept a kernel of wheat fa ll into the ground and die, it abideth alone ; but i f it die, it bringeth forth imich fruit.” The hymn “ Am I a soldier of the

cross?” was sung, and prayer was offered by Rev. George W. Phillips, d . d ., and adjournment taken to nine o’clock Thursday morning.

THURSDAY MORNING.

The President took the chair at nine o’clock. Prayer was offered by Rev. D. N. Beach. The Minutes were read. The Nominating Committee reported the following committees, and they were appointed: — Committee on Nomination o f Officers. Rev. Edward Hawes, d . d . , Rev. E. F-

Williams, d . d .. Rev. L. H. Cobb, d . d ., Rev. H. Hopkins, d . d ., C. A. Jewell, Esq.,

Hon. A. C. Barstow, Rev. A. R. Thain, d . d .

Committee on Home Department. Rev. L. Pratt, d . d .. Rev. J. Brand, d . d . , Rev.

D. N. Beach, Hon. N. Shipman, Rev. E. P. Goodwin, d . d . , Rev. E. H. Merrill, d . d . Z. Styles Ely, Esq. It was moved to reconsider the vote ordering the Report of the Committee of Nine after the devotional hour. The motion was carried, and the Committee was ordered to report at once. The Report of the Committee of Nine on methods of administration was presented by Rev. Geo. L. Walker, d . d ., the chairman, and it was accepted and made the special order at three o’clock P .M . to-day. Secretary Alden presented from the Prudential Committee a paper on “ Mission­ ary Motives,” which was referred to a special committee.

Devotional exercises for a half-hour were conducted by Prof. F. W. Fisk, d . d . Part was taken in these exercises by Rev. Moses Smith, Rev. Charles Seccombe, Rev.

George F. Magoun, d . d ., Langdon S. Ward, Esq., Rev. E. N. Packard, and others. Vice-President Blatchford took the chair, and Secretary Clark read a paper from the Prudential Committee upon “ Higher Christian Education as Related to the Foreign Missionary Work.” It was referred to a special committee. Report of the Annual Meeting. vii

Secretary Smith read a paper from the Prudential Committee upon “ The Missionary Outlook,” which was referred to a special committee. Prayer was offered by President Washburn of Robert College. Adjournment was taken to half-past two o’clock.

THURSDAY AFTERNOON.

The President took the chair at half-past two o’clock. The Nominating Committee reported the following committees, which were ap­ pointed : — Co7nmittee on Treasurer’’s Report. Hon. A. W. Tufts, W. H. Bradley, Esq., Thomas D. Robinson, Esq., Rev. J. F. Dudley.George H. Rust, Esq., H. J. Wales, Esq., J. D. Cutter, Esq.

Committee on Papal Lands. Rev. C. O. Brown, d .d ., Rev. R. B. Howard, Rev. George A. Paddock, Rev. A. W. Archibald, Rev. C. E. Wright, Rev. E. A. Lawrence, H. L. James, Esq.

Committee on China. Pres. J. B. Angell, l l .d .. Rev. George W. Phillips, d .d ., Rev. E. S. Tead, A. G. Cumnock, Esq., Rev. F. D. Kelsey, Rev. Charles Seccombe, Rev. E. Adams. Committee on India and Ceylon. Rev. George R. Merrill, Rev. G. A. Tewksbury,

Rev. S. C. Bushnell, Rev. H. Fairbanks, p h .d ., Rev. J. T. Blanchard, John E. Brad­ ley, Esq., William E. Blackstone, Esq.

Committee on Africa. Rev. W . M. Taylor, d .d ., Rev. M. Burnham, d . d ., Hon.

Franklin Fairbanks, Hon. Samuel Merrill, Rev. O. S. Dean, d .d ., J. P. Thwing, Esq., Daniel E. Day, Esq.

Committee on Pacific Islands. J. W . Strong, D .D ., Albert Shaw, p k .d ., J. S.

Wheelwright, Esq., Rev. William Salter, d .d ., G. C. Moses, Esq.. Rev. Eli Corwin, d .d ., Rev. Hugh Elder. Committee on Japan. Rev. E. G. Porter, Rev. W. A. Waterman, Rev. E. M. Will­ iams, Rev. A. H. Heath, d .d ., Rev. W. S. Hawkes, Rev. H. S. Mills, Rev. G. W.

Wainwright, d .d .

Co7nmittee on Turkey. Pres. F. Carter, d . d ., Hon. James White, Rev. W. V- W.

Davis, d .d ., Charles H. Case, Esq., Rev. John H. Gurney, Rev. W. F. Day, W. E. Blackstone, Esq. The President nominated the following committees, and they were appointed: —

On No?nination o f New Members. Rev. L. Pratt, d .d ., Rev. Henry Fairbanks,

P H .D ., Pres. F. Carter, d .d ., John H. Washburn, Esq., Rev. G. S. F- Savage, d .d .,

Elijah Swift, Esq., Rev. George R. Leavitt, d .d .

On Secretary Smith's Paper. Rev. E. P. Goodwin, d .d ., Rev. Moses Smith, Rev.

A. W. Hazen, d .d .

On Secretary Clark's Paper. Pres. Franklin Carter, l l . d ., Pres. E. D. Eaton, D.D.,

Pres. George Washburn, d .d ., Rev. D. Z. Sheffield, E. B. Monroe, Esq.

On Secretary Aiders Paper. Pres. S. C. Bartlett, d .d ., Rev. James Brand, D.D.,

Rev. E. M. Williams, d .d ., W. H. Bradley, Esq., Rev. W. A. Waterman. A communication from the Committee of Arrangements of the National Council for the International Council was received through the Business Committee, recommend­ ing- the election of a representative of the Board at the International Council. The recommendation was adopted, and the President was chosen as delegate. Authority was given the Prudential Committee to choose an alternate in case of necessity. The Business Committee offered a resolution, which was adopted, to the effect that the Board extend to Rev. William T. Boutwell, formerly a missionary of the Board among the Indians of Minnesota, now lying at the point of death at Stillwater, an expression of the sympathy and veneration of the Board, with the trust that the promise may be fulfilled to him : “ The eternal God is thy refuge, and underneath are the ever­ lasting arms.” viii Report of the Annual Meeting.

A communication was received from Rev. E. P. Thwing, m .d ., and referred to the Committee on Missions in India. Rev. William M. Taylor, D.D., moved that the resolutions presented in connection with the report of the Committee of Nine on the Administration of the Board be adopted. The resolutions were as follows: —

Resolved, first, That the Committee on the Treasurer s Report be appointed by the Board at the Annual Meeting next previous to the meeting at which such committee is called on to act, and that a copy of the report of the Treasurer be sent, as soon as it is ready, to each member of the committee for inspection, and that any desired information may be asked for. Resolved, second, That By-law 17, p. 12, of the last published edition of the Charter and By-laws be amended so that the last sentence of it shall read, instead of “ they [the Auditors] shall have authority at any time to employ an expert in the particular examination of the accounts,” “ The Auditors shall annually employ an expert in the examination of the Treasurer’s accounts." Resolved, third. That there be a substantial increase of the force employed by the Board to bring the interests of its missions and the cause it represents before the churches contributing to its support. Resolved, fourth, with reference to the important subject of missionary appointments, That Questions 1 and 2, Section VI, of the Manual for Missionary Candidates be amended so that they shall read as follows: — Question 1. What are your views respecting each of the leading doctrines of Scripture commonly held by the churches sustaining this Board ? In answering this question you may use your own lan­ guage, or refer to any creeds of acknowledged weight. Question 2. Have you any views at variance with these doctrines, or any views of church govern­ ment which would prevent your cordial cooperation with the missionaries of this Board ? These questions being so amended, all applications for missionary appointment shall be made as now to the Corresponding Secretaries of the Board. Without further correspondence on doctrinal matters the communications thus received by the Secretaries shall be presented forthwith to the Pru­ dential Committee. In case the Committee desire further scrutiny into the theological opinions of the candidate, this shall be had through an interview with the Committee as a body ; or in case this, in any special instance, is not practicable, with a sub-committee appointed*by them from their own number and consisting in part of laymen. At such theological examination by the Committee or sub­ committee the doors shall be open for the presence of any members of the Board or personal friends of the candidate. Resolved, fifth, That any rules or parts of rules inconsistent with any of the foregoing resolutions be hereby annulled.

The first, second, and third of the resolutions were adopted without debate.

Prof. George N. Boardman, d .d ., offered an amendment to Resolution 4, Question 1, adding to the words, “ creeds of acknowledged weight,” the phrase, “ as to the doc­ trines contained in such creéds.” Remarks were made by Rev. Joseph Cook, Rev. A. H. Quint, d .d ., Rev. A. J. F. Behrends, d .d ., Rev. F. A. Noble, d .d ., and Rev. A. C. Thompson, d .d ., who presented a written statement, also by Rev. George L. Walker, d .d ., and Prof. George N. Boardman, d .d . ; and the amendment was adopted. Question 1 under Resolution 4 was adopted. Remarks were made by Secretary Alden and by Rev. A. H. Quint, d .d . Question 2 was then adopted. An amendment was offered by Rev. A. H. Plumb, d .d ., at the suggestion of the President, amending the final section of the Resolution as follows: after the word “ candidate” in the sentence, “ In case the Committee desire further scrutiny into the theological opinions of the candidate,” to add, “ they may address to him such sup­ plementary questions as appear to them important, and if further light shall be needed ” ; so that the whole sentence shall read, “ In case the Committee desire further scrutiny into the theological opinions of the candidate, they may address to him such supple­ mentary questions as appear to them important, and if further light shall be needed, this shall be had through an interview with the Committee as a body.”

After remarks by Rev. J. L. Withrow, d .d . , and Rev. A. H. Plumb, d .d ., the whole section was adopted. Report o f the Annual Meeting. ix

A substitute for Resolution 5 was offered by President Eaton as follows: “ No rule or rules now in force shall be construed so as to impair the force of these resolutions.” Dr. H. M. Dexter moved that the fifth resolution and the proposed substitute be referred back to the Committee of Nine, to report to-morrow morning what changes are necessary in the By-laws to make them conform to the resolutions now adopted; and the motion was carried. The By-law in regard to amendments was suspended, and the resolutions, except the fifth, in full, adopted.

On motion of Rev. J. L. Withrow, D .D ., seconded by Rev. Geo. L. Walker, d .d ., the following resolution was adopted: —

In view of investigations made as to the methods of management in the Missionary Rooms in Boston, the Board is glad hereby to express its unabated confidence in the Christian character, official fidelity, and constant loyalty of the Secretaries, the Prudential Committee, and the Treasury Depart­ ment to their high trusts and the specific instructions which they have received from the Board.

The following resolution was offered by the Recording Secretary and adopted : —

In accepting this report of the Committee of Nine and placing it on file, which is the routine method prescribed by the rules of the Board, in view of the fact that the report is presented in print and will be widely read, in order to prevent misunderstanding the Board deems it necessary to state that the Board must not be held to adopt the report beyond the portion contained in the appended resolutions. THURSDAY EVENING.

Vice-President Blatchford took the chair at eight o’clock. A hymn was sung. Prayer was offered by Rev. Moses Smith. Addresses were delivered by Rev. William N. Chambers, of Turkey, Rev. Harlan P. Beach, of North China, Rev.

Doremus Scudder, m .d ., of Japan, and Rev. A. J. F. Behrends, d . d . Prayer was offered by Rev. O. S. Dean, d .d . Adjournment was taken to nine o’clock Friday morning.

FRIDAY MORNING.

The President took the chair at nine o’clock. Devotions were conducted by Rev. R. B. Howard. The minutes were read and approved.

On motion of Rev. C. R. Palmer, d .d ., thanks were extended to the Committee of Nine for their services. An address was delivered by Rev. James E. Tracy, of the Madura Mission, India. The Nominating Committee nominated the following : —

Committee on Place and Preacher. — Rev. W. E. Park, d .d ., L. A. Hyde, Esq., Rev.

C. R. Palmer, d .d ., Walter A. Mahony, Esq., Rev. A. W. Hazen, d .d ., Rev. Thomas

G. Grassie, Rev. D. L. Furber, d .d . The Committee of Fifteen appointed, last year, upon the Relations of the Board to the Churches reported through Rev. A. J. F. Behrends, d .d ., and the report was accepted. The Committee on Secretary Alden’s paper, on “ Missionary Motives,” reported through Pres. S. C. Bartlett, d .d . ; and after remarks by Mr. Ralph Emerson, Rev.

D. N. Beach, and Rev. A. H. Quint, d .d ., the report was accepted. The Committee of Nine reported through J. H. Washburn, Esq., offering the follow­ ing resolution: —

That Section 3 of Article 23 of By-laws be amended by adding to the third line, after the words, “ on the Treasurer’s Report,” the following, namely: " of the next following year, to each member of which committee an early copy of that report shall be sent by the Treasurer." That the third paragraph of Article 15 (page 11) be amended by erasing “ as after careful investiga­ X Report of the Annnal Meeting.

tion they have been able to obtain,” and substitute in place thereof the words, “ as in accordance with the By-laws, and other instructions of the Board, they have obtained.” That to Article 15 a fourth paragraph be added, as follows: “ All applications for appointment to missionary service shall be addressed to the Corresponding Secretaries of the Board. In all cases the communications received by the Secretaries shall forthwith, without further correspondence on doctrinal matters, be presented to the Prudential Committee. In case the Committee desires further scrutiny into the theological opinions of the candidate, they may address to him such supplementary questions as appear to them important, and if further light shall be needed, this shall be had through an interview with the Committee as a body; or in case this, in any special instance, is not practicable, with a sub-committee appointed by them from their own number, consisting in part of laymen. “ At such theological examination by the committee or sub-committee the doors shall be open for the presence of any members of the Board, or personal friends of the candidate."

The report was accepted and the recommendations adopted. On motion of Pres. S. C. Bardett, d .d ., it was voted: —

"That any rules or parts of rules inconsistent with any of the foregoing resolutions are hereby annulled.”

The Committee on China reported through Pres. J. B. Angell, l l .d ., and the report was accepted. An address was made by Rev. D. Z. Sheffield, of China. Devotional services were led by Rev A. H. Plumb, d .d . Prayers were offered by Rev. W. E. Park, d .d ., and Rev. A. B. Robbins, d .d ., and remarks were made by Secretary N. G. Clark, Rev. Charles Seccombe, Rev. Dr. Cyrus Hamlin, and Rev. O. S. Dean, d .d ., after which Vice-President Blatchford took the chair. The Committee on Secretary Clark’s paper reported through Pres. Franklin Carter, and the report was accepted. The Committee on Home Department Reports reported through Rev. L. Pratt, d .d ., and the report was accepted. Z. Styles Ely, Esq., offered a series of resolutions which were referred to the Busi­ ness Committee. The Committee on Missions in India and Ceylon reported through Rev. G. R. Mer­ rill, and after remarks by Rev. Richard Winsor, of the Marathi Mission, Secretary Clark, and Rev. John P. Jones, of Madura, the report was accepted. The Committee on Place and Preacher reported through Rev. W. E. Park, d .d ., recommending the First Congregational Church of Pittsfield, Mass., as the place of the next Annual Meeting, and as the preacher Rev. John K. McLean, d .d ., of Oakland, Cal., with Rev. E. B. Webb, d .d ., of Boston, as alternate. The recommendation was adopted. The Business Committee offered the following resolution, which was adopted: —

The Board desires to place on record its opposition to the opening of the World’s Fair, to be held in Chicago, 1893, on the Lord’s Day.

Adjournment was taken till the close of the communion service.

FRIDAY AFTERNOON.

The Board met with the churches of the city to celebrate the Lord’s Supper, which was administered by Rev. D. Z. Sheffield, of the North China Mission, and Rev. William M. Taylor, d .d ., of New York. After this service the President took the chair. The Committee on New Members reported through Rev. G. S. F. Savage, d .d ., nominating the following gentlemen for Corporate Members, who were elected by ballot: — Galen C. Moses, Esq., of Maine; E. P. Kimball, Esq.. Hon, J. J. Bell, of New Hampshire; Charles W- Osgood, Esq., of Vermont; Henry D. Hyde, Esq, Rev. Report of the Awmal Meeting. XI

D. Gregg, d .d ., Rev. J. R. Thurston, Rev. J. D. Kingsbury, d .d ., Edwin H. Baker, Esq., Thomas Weston, Esq., Rev. H. W. Lathe, Ezra H. Stevens, Esq., of Massa­ chusetts; Rev. S. Leroy Blake, d .d ., Rev. Edwin C. Bissell, D .D ., Hon. N. D. Sperry, and Rev. S. H. Howe, d . d ., of Connecticut; Rev. W. A. Robinson, d .d ., and Rev.

S. H. Virgin, d .d ., of New York; Rev. W. W. Jordan, of New Jersey; Rev. J. E.

Rankin, d .d ., of District of Columbia; Walter A. Mahony, Esq., of Ohio; T. D.

Robertson, Esq., of Illinois ; Hon. Aaron Kimball, of Iowa; Rev. G. H. Ide, d .d ., of

Wisconsin; George H. Rust, Esq., and Rev. A. H. Heath, d .d ., of Minnesota; Rev. H. D. Wiard, of South Dakota; Rev. G. B. Barnes, of North Dakota; Rev. T. E. Clapp, of Oregon.

The Committee on Papal Lands reported through Rev. C. 0 . Brown, d .d ., of Iowa, its chairman. The report was accepted, and remarks were made by Dr. Brown. The Committee on the Nomination of Officers reported through its chairman, Rev.

Edward Hawes, d . d ., the following list of officers, and they were duly elected by b allot: — President. Corresponding Secretaries.

R . S . S t o r r s , D.D., LL.D. N a t h a n i e l G . C l a r k , d .d . E d m u n d K . A l d e n , d .d . Vice-President. J u d s o n S m i t h , d . d . E l i p h a l e t W . B l a t c h f o r d , E sq . Recording Secretary. Prudential Committee. H e n r y A . S t i m s o n , d .d . A u g u s t u s C . T h o m p s o n , d .d . H o n . J o s e p h S . R o p e s . Assistant Recording Secretary. E d w i n B . W e b b , d .d . Rev. E. N. P a c k a r d . C h a r l e s C . B u r r , E sq . Treasurer. E l b r i d g e T o r r e y , E sq . L a n g d o n S . W a r d , E sq . A l b e r t H . P l u m b , d .d . H o n . W i l l i a m P . E l l i s o n . Auditors.

R e v . C h a r l e s A . D i c k i n s o n . H o n . A r t h u r W . T u f t s . R ev . F r a n c i s E . C l a r k , d .d . J a m e s M. G o r d o n , Esq. G . H e n r y W h i t c o m b , E sq . S a m u e l J o h n s o n , Esq.

The Committee on the Treasurer’s Report reported through its chairman, Hon. Arthur W. Tufts, and the report was accepted. Rev. Charles R. Palmer, d .d ., in behalf of the Business Committee, presented resolutions offered by Z. Stiles Ely, Esq., in regard to the election of Corporate Members, as follows : —

Resolved, i. That hereafter Corporate Members shall be elected for five years, and by the Corpo­ rate and Honorary Members on joint ballot. 2. That the present Corporate Members shall be divided by lot into five classes, one 01 which shall go out of office each year. 3. That the Corporate Members shall elect the officers and Prudential Committee, who shall hold office for one year, or until their successors are elected. 4. That, should it be necessary to change the charter for this purpose, the Board apply to the Massachusetts Legislature to make such change. 5. That any rules or by-laws inconsistent with the foregoing resolutions be and are hereby repealed

The resolutions were laid on the table. Remarks were made by President Storrs, upon the announcement of the ballot, in accepting the office of President for the ensuing year. The Committee on Place and Preacher completed their report, recommending the following as a Committee of Arrangements: Rev. J. L. Jenkins, d .d ., Rev. L C. Smart, J. L. Peck, D. N. Collins, George M. Dutton, James W. Hull, George Shipton, P. C. Cooley, J. Clark, and they were appointed. After remarks by President Angell and Rev. Dr. W. M. Taylor, Rev. J. L. Jenkins, xii Rep òri o f the Annual Meeting.

d .d .j extended an invitation to the Board to hold its next meeting in Pittsfield, Mass. Jt was voted that the date of the meeting be left for conference between the local Com­ mittee of Arrangements, and the Prudential Committee, and the report of the Com­ mittee was adopted.

Rev. A. H. Heath, d . d ., extended an invitation to the Board to visit the city of St. Paul to-morrow afternoon. Rev. Eli Corwin, D .D ., presented a report in behalf of the Committee on Missions to the Pacific Islands. The report was accepted. Recess was taken until quarter before eight o’clock.

FRIDAY EVENING.

The Board met at a quarter before eight o’clock, Vice-President Blatchford in the chair. The Scriptures were read by Rev. Frank Russell, d . d ., who offered prayer.

Addresses were made by Presidents S. C. Bartlett, d .d ., Rev. George F. Magoun, d . d ., and Rev. Joseph Cook. A hymn was sung; ?nd the benediction was pronounced by Rev. Dr. Frank Russell. At the Swedish Mission Tabernacle devotional exercises were conducted by Pres.

Franklin Carter, l l .d ., of Massachusetts, and an address was made by President Storrs, after which prayer was offered and the benediction pronounced by Rev. Prof.

F. W. Fisk, d .d ., of Illinois.

SATURDAY MORNING.

The Board met at nine o’clock, President Storrs in the chair. Prayer was offered by Rev. E. E. Strong, D .D . The Minutes were read and approved. After the singing of a hymn, the Committee on Missions to Turkey reported through Hon. James White, and the report was accepted, with remarks by Rev. C. F- Gates, of the Eastern Turkey Mission, Rev. William N. Chambers, of the same mission, and Rev. George Wash­ burn, d .d ., President of Robert College, Constantinople. Prayer was offered by Rev.

Burdett Hart, d .d . The President announced that the date of the next meeting had been agreed upon, in conference, to be the second Tuesday in October, 1891. The Committee on Secretary Smith’s paper on “ The Missionary Outlook,” reported through its chairman, Rev. E. P. Goodwin, d .d . The report was accepted. Rev. Dr. J. G. Johnson, in behalf of the Nominating Committee, presented the following as a Committee to report on the Treasurer's Report of next year: — John H. Washburn, Esq., of New York; Hon. Charles Marsh, of Massachusetts; Galen C. Moses, Esq., of Maine ; C. A. Jewell, Esq., of Connecticut; Charles H. Case, Esq., of Illinois; George H. Rust, Esq., of Minnesota; Walter A. Mahony, Esq., of Ohio. The report was accepted and the recommendation adopted.

Rev. D. L. Furber, d .d ., spoke in reference to the “ Extra-Cent-a-Day Band.”

Rev. O. S. Dean, d .d ., presented the report of the Committee on Missions in Africa. The report was accepted, after remarks by Rev. David Rood, of the Zulu Mission, Rev.

B. F, Ousley, of the East Central African Mission, and Secretary Judson Smith, d .d . The following resolutions were offered by Rev. Dr. Thwing, in behalf of the Com­ mittee on Arrangements: —

Resolved, That the Board extends a vote of thanks to Rev. Arthur Little, D.D., for the sermon preached by him on Wednesday evening, and requests a copy for publication.

An invitation was extended to the Board to visit Carleton College, at Northfield, by its president. Rev. James W. Strong, D.D Report of the Annual Meeting. xiii

The hymn I love to tell the story” was sung. Rev. Moses Smith offered a resolution in reference to the exportation of intoxicating liquors from the United States, which was referred to a committee consisting of President Angell, Rev. Dr. Behrends, Dr. F. A. Noble, with instructions to report as soon as possible any changes which they deem desirable. The Committee upon Missions to Japan reported through Rev. E. G. Porter. The report was accepted, after remarks b y Rev. President Bartlett, d . d .

Rev. E. B. Webb, d . d ., offered the following resolution, which was adopted: —

Resolved, That a deep sense of obligation moves us of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to offer our sincere and hearty thanks to the Plymouth Church and the other churches of the city for the broad and generous hospitality with which they prepared to receive us, anticipating our necessities, conveniences, and pleasures; To the families of this and other churches of the city who have so cordially and fraternally opened their houses for our entertainment; To the friends who have led our singing with the organ and other instruments of music so effi­ ciently ; T o William E. Blackstone, Esq., whose maps have so eloquently spoken to us through all our meetings; To the. various committees of arrangement, entertainment, finance, postoffice, and transportation, who have made the transaction of business so convenient and satisfactory; and to all others who have contributed to make our meetings a success : To the press, which has been constant in efforts to give a full and appreciative report of our pro­ ceedings ; To the railroads and their officials for a generous reduction in fares, and to their officials for very attentive and considerate aid by the way.

Remarks were made by Cyrus Northrop, d . d . , l l . d ., in behalf of the churches of the city and of others to whom these thanks had been extended. Letters of excuse for absence were received from the following members: Messrs. F. D. Ayer, J. F. Anderson, M. H. Buckham, J. W. Backus, E. G. Beckwith, Thomas J. Borden, James W. Bradbury, W. J. Breed, John L. Barry, Samuel B. Capen, J. W. Cooper, Richard Cordley, Ebenezer Cutler, George R. Chapman, Robert Coit, Louis Chapin, Henry S. DeForest, A. E. Dunning, M. M’G. Dana, Benjamin Douglass, Zachary Eddy, G. P. Fisher, D. T. Fiske, J. G. Foote, J. M. Gordon, Philo R. Hurd, William H. Haile, N. A. Hyde, H. C. Haydn, C. T. Hulburd, J. W. Harding, J. C. Holbrook, J. M. W. Hall, J. W. Hough, J. N. Harris, T. H. Hawkes, George R. Leavitt, P. W. Lyman, Alexander McKenzie, Thomas B. McLeod, S. G. Mack, P. L. Moen, George Mooar, John W. Noyes, Douglass Putnam, A. E. P. Perkins, Edwards A. Park, A. Hastings Ross. Charles T. Russell, G. B. Safford, J. H. Seelye, W. S. Smart, F. C. Sessions, H. M. Scudder, Henry M. Storrs, M. E. Strieby, Royal C. Taft, Thatcher Thayer, C. F. Thompson, J. G. Vose, E. Whittlesey, George L. Weed, and James P. Wallace. •President Angell presented, for the committee, the following amended resolution: —

Whereas, Alcoholic liquors are now exported in large quantities from various states of Christendom to several uncivilized or half-civilized peoples, and especially to Africa, and Whereas, The most disastrous results to the physical and moral well-being of those helpless nations have followed, missionary labors among them have been seriously hindered, and a fearful reproach has come upon the name of the Christian states which permit such exportation, and Whereas, W e desire to see the good name of the United States rescued from such reproach, and also to see removed all obstacles to efforts for the moral and spiritual elevation of ignorant and defenceless peoples, and we may justly hope for right action by our government on this subject, therefore, Resolved, That the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, which has heretofore invoked action by our government on this subject, do now again earnestly memorialize the Presi­ dent and Congress, and respectfully ask that our government initiate and prosecute, by treaty or otherwise, in such ways as shall seem wise and fitting, such proceedings as may speedily lead to the universal prohibtion of all exportation of alcoholic liquors to all the uncivilized or half-civilized peoples above referred to. x iv Reports of Committees on the Annual Report.

The report was accepted and the resolution was adopted by a unanimous and rising vote. A vote was also taken of the Honorary Members and others present which was unanimously in favor of the resolution.

On motion of Rev. F. A. Noble, d . d ., it was voted that the President of the Board,

together with President J. B. Angell, l l . d . , and Rev. William M. Taylor, d .d . , be instructed to communicate the above resolution to the officials named. President Storrs responded in behalf of the Board to the farewell address made by President Northrop. The hymn “ Blest be the tie that binds ” was sung. Prayer was

offered and the benediction pronounced by Rev. E. B. Webb, d . d . , and the Board was declared adjourned to meet on the second Tuesday of October, 1891, at Pitts­ field, Massachusetts.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON THE ANNUAL REPORT.

T h e reports of the committees appointed at the Annual Meeting to consider the several sections of the Annual Report and other papers from the Prudential Committee are here given, as usual, with slight abbreviation. The Committee on the Treasurer’s Report, Hon. Arthur W. Tufts, Chairman: — The Treasurer has exhibited to us his Annual Account, Trial Balance, and Schedules of all funds and investments, duly audited by the Board of Auditors, and approved by the sub-committee of the Prudential Committee, and after a full examination we heartily approve the Reports and Accounts, and wish to express our commendation of the system and methods which are in use. W e are satisfied that the Otis and Swett legacies have been expended in exact accordance with the directions of the Board. W e are impressed by the variety and amount of labor performed by your Treasurer, who now com­ pletes a term of twenty-five years of faithful and competent official service. Nothing but acquaintance with his duties can make it possible to appreciate their extent and variety. Mr. Ward is emphatically the right man in the right place. W e are also impressed with the efficient and patient labor performed by the sub-committee of the Prudential Committee, who make monthly examinations of the accounts and disbursements. We hope that the services of these gentlemen may long be retained. A noticeable feature of the report for the present year is the statement made by the expert em­ ployed by the Auditors under the new authority given them by the revised By-laws. Mr. McLaughlin, the expert referred to, is employed by the very largest and most important financial institutions situated in Boston. His testimony is all that could be desired as to the accuracy of the Treasurer's Accounts and the excellence of the methods employed. Business men are very quick to see where any improvement in method is necessary or desirable, and are not personally sensitive about changes. W e may safely accept in this case the statement that nothing is found that should be changed in the methods employed. The investment of the various funds is generally of the most solid description, and the securities worth much more than the valuations placed upon them in the books, their present market value being about twenty-eight and a half per cent more than their original appraisal A full schedule^of these securities was submitted for our examination. The volume of business for the year as com­ pared with that of last year shows an increase of nearly $78,000, the expenditures of all sorts for the year ending September 1, 1889, being #685,152, while that for the year ending September 1, 1890, was $762,946. So much for the precise matters referred to us. W e may perhaps in closing be permitted to call attention to the undoubted iact that far less money is contributed in recent years to this noble cause than could be contributed very easily. These are prosperous times, and the ability of the churches was never greater, but we do not give under pressure. The great funds of the Otis and Swett bequests have in some measure hindered the ordinary givers. The urgency has not been such as we remember ia those days when debt stared the Board in the face. Great funds are sometimes an injuty to benevolent institutions. The exhaustion of those we have will very soon relieve us from such injury. Let the pious members of our churches henceforth sacrifice in personal ease and luxury but a fraction of that which is sacrificed daily by the men and women who represent us on heathen soil, and there would not be room to receive. Our officers would then be able to plan on a scale of Reports o f Committees on the Annual Report. x v

maximum and not minimum achievements, as was said by the preacher of the Annual Sermon. The scale of missionary operations is strictly confined within the limits fixed by financial considerations. N apoleon tells us how an army travels. The army of the Lord’s hosts must rest upon its base of supplies, and will advance in this age of the world only as Supplies are poured into the treasury with prayer for God’s blessing upon them.

The Committee on the Home Department Report, Rev. Llewellyn Pratt, d . d ., Chairman: — Your committee call attention to these points: — I. The large number of new missionaries commissioned during the past year— fifty-four, the largest number appointed in a single year in the history of the Board. This fact furnishes occasion for gratitude and congratulation as attesting the strong hold which the cause of foreign missions has upon the hearts of the young men and women in our churches. It suggests also the necessity of wise preparation and ample provision for the many who have been fired with enthusiasm by the student movement in our schools and colleges. The wide range from which these new recruits have been drawn, the proportion from the interior and the West, the increase in the number of ordained men, are facts full of encouragement. II. W e note with gratification the increase in the gifts to the treasury of the Board. An exam­ ination of the figures given shows that this increase in yearly donations has come largely from the Woman’s Boards, indicating that systematic canvass and personal appeal are most potent factors in securing the means for carrying on our work. The full discussion in another report of the compar­ ison between the growth of contributions to this Board and that of those to other benevolent societies, and the growth of the membership of the churches, makes it unnecessary for us to emphasize these ■comparisons here; but these furnish themes for study, and reasons for the employment of every means for bringing home to the consciences of all the members of our churches — men and women, ■old and young — the duty laid upon us by the Master to evangelize the world, and to do this in the manner enjoined by him : by going out into all the world and preaching the gospel to every creature. The two great funds, the Otis and the Swett bequests, which have been wisely used in establishing new missions and in meeting special calls in evangelistic and educational work, are now greatly reduced, so that they can be depended upon for emergencies but one or two years more. Your ■committee congratulate the Board upon this encouraging outlook. The time has come when the whole burden of sustaining the work thus enlarged by these benefactions, and the gaining possession -of new fields must rest, where it belongs, upon the Christian men and women now living. W e rejoice that the appeal is thus simplified and made imperative, that the work of this generation is to be done by this generation, and that our readiness to meet and obey the divine call and command is to be tested and, we believe, more fully developed. W e are grateful for the faith and courage which have used these funds, providentially put into our hands, for the opening of larger opportunity and the increase of responsibility, believing that the grace of God will be bestowed to enable us to meet the •demands upon us. W e recommend to pastors and all who love the cause and kingdom of our Lord that this great need of enlarged contributions to meet this opportunity be steadily kept before the ■churches, and that the aim for the present year be to secure at least $500,000 in donations. III. W e have been greatly interested in the work accomplished by the district and field secretaries. 'This work done by them, and by the missionaries who have cooperated with them, has been of great value in educating and stimulating the churches, and has abundantly justified the wisdom of such appointments. W e are in hearty sympathy with the resolution passed at this meeting— “ that there be a substantial increase of the force employed by the Board to bring the interests of its missions and .the cause it represents before the churches contributing to its support."

The Committee on Missions in Africa, Rev. 0 . S. Dean, d .d ., Chairman: — The committee note the providences of God which have lifted into prominence the Dark Continent :as a missionary field. The return of Stanley and the results of recent explorations have brought to :iight a larger knowledge of the continent and its peoples, and opened the way for more intelligent -work for their redemption. The eagerness shown by continental nations to parcel out and divide up -.the territory of this continent among themselves is emphasizing the duty of the strong to give the rgospel to these neglected races; while from the colored students of our own country are coming for- •ward some of the most useful workers for this field, three out of five missionaries in the East Central .African Mission being graduates of Fisk University. These facts emphasize the importance of larger work in this land, and suggest that we may properly expect that the gospel will be carried thence by the .descendants of the African race. While there has been no heroic movement in any of the missions, like the revival of Marsovan, it ns exceedingly gratifying to note the fact that in all the missions, without exception, there has been a xvi Reports o f Committees on the Annual Report.

steady and healthy progress in the work. Considerable gains have been made by the churches, eighty-six having been added to the churches of the Zulu Mission, during the year, making the total membership of its sixteen churches 1,155. There has been a marked increase in the native contribu­ tions, and praiseworthy efforts made in the direction of self-support, the Bailundu church of the com­ paratively young mission in West Central Africa having, with their own hands and labor, unaided by a penny of foreign money, built a commodious house of worship in harmony with their own simple style of living, and it has been publicly dedicated to the worship of the living God, the bell for which, contributed by American friends, was carried inland two hundred miles on their own backs. Your committee call attention to one phase of the educational work as illustrated in the industrial department of the Amanzimtote School for Boys. Nine apprentices and six pupils of the school have been trained in different forms of carpentry and joiner work, and 988 articles of furniture have been made. While the work of the missionaries is preaching the gospel, it yet seems that among these uncivilized races such industrial education is a phase of practical Christianity worthy of judicious recognition and encouragement. Your committee conclude their report by expressing their profound conviction that the time is ripening for a great advance on every field we now occupy in that land, and that so far as the Zulu Mission is concerned the time has already come to penetrate into the interior and to the northward with the light of the gospel, to shed its rays on a darkness that as yet is total. W e repeat the question of the Secretaries, “ Where are the half-dozen young men of faith and courage and heroic purpose who are ready at once to enter the Dark Condnent, at this open door, and share in the glorious work of winning its people to Christian faith and civilization? ” The Committee on the Missions in Turkey, Hon. James White, Chairman: — Your committee have been greatly gratified at the evidence presented in these reports of substantial progress within the past year in the various branches of missionary work. It is with especial joy that we note the accounts of the continued and multiplied revivals in different sections of the empire, not only bringing within the evangelical churches converts in unusual numbers, but greatly quickening the spiritual life of believers and affecting even the old ecclesiastical organizations. In this good work, native pasters and preachers have had a conspicuous share, thus confirming the hope, always entertained, that these lands may be entrusted entirely to the care of those to whom we have preached the pure gospel. W e have handed them the torch, lighted by divine grace, and they will pass it on, that from it other torches may be kindled until the whole empire shall be illumined. W e note the manifold obstacles now standing in the way of our work in Turkey, arising from the poverty of the people, the oppressive taxation, and the threatening political outlook. But we are sure that whatever changes may occur on the map of European or Asiatic Turkey, and whoever may rule on the Bosphorus, Jesus Christ is King over all, and that in the interests of his kingdom he will govern this region in which our missionaries have labored in so much faith and with such zeal and marked success. W e are not to relax efforts because of present and apparent difficulties, but to push for­ ward with redoubled energy, taking yet fuller possession of the land where God has blessed the labors of this Board in past years. The Committee on Missions in India and Ceylon, Rev. George R. Merrill, Chairman: — The report from these three fields is substantially in the same words as in former years, “ progress slow, but sure and steady." Your committee, however, are impressed with the conviction that these words may now be fraught with unusual significance; that “ sure and steady ” work in India is telling in a way that erelong may rejoice our hearts and toring glory to Him to whom India belongs. There seems to be a growing anticipation on the part of the people that Christianity is to conquer, and that at no distant day. Leading men among the educated classes are free to confess as much to the missionaries. Rev. Dr. E. P. Thwing, of Brooklyn, in a paper laid before your committee, bears testimony to the same expectation, indicated to him by the intellectual ferment of the people and the extreme efforts of the priests to revive devotion to the old gods and the dying faiths. Along with this there is, as noted by him, the growing assurance among Christians that “ the acceleration of God's providential movements, promised in these latter days, has already begun. There have been many prophecies of late concerning India which emphasize the call made by these missions for reinforce­ ments, and reports would seem to justify our conviction that only a fairly adequate force is needed in the scene of the Board's earliest labor, in fields hallowed by so much consecrated service, to hasten these prophecies to their fulfilment. Your committee emphasize the words “ fairly adequate force,” for it seems something worse than a mistake to leave these fields, in which so much has been expended, and where, unless all the signs are Reports o f Committees on the Annual Report. xvii vain, wonders are yet to be wrought, not only without the increase of laborers called for by widening opportunities, but with numbers so lessened that burdens must be doubled on men and women already bearing to the utmost of their strength. In particular in the Marathi Mission your committee make special note of the progress in educa­ tional work, the success of the school for high-caste girls. W e heartily commend the plan of theo­ logical training, by which five months of study, on the part of selected young men, are made practi­ cally seven months of evangelistic work. The prominence of Sunday-school work in this field is to be noted, and the introduction of societies of Christian Endeavor, for which the same biessed measure of usefulness is hoped in the foreign field which they are filling at home. W e dwell with pleasure on the cheering report presented by the Madura Mission — of consecration and fidelity among native Christians, consecration manifesting itself in offerings whose generosity may rebuke many American Christians, and fidelity to the Lord under bitter reproaches and persecu­ tions for his sake. The College at Pasumalai rejoices in new buildings, filled already with more than 400 students. The Normal School for Girls gives promise of needed provision for instruction that shall satisfy the largest demand, and, with the Boys’ High School, is certain to supply a needed factor in the work of the mission. On reviewing the report of the Ceylon Mission, your committee make grateful mention of the conse­ crated service of Rev. E. P. Hastings, D.D., who has finished his course of forty-four years in the service of the Board, seventeen of which were spent in the presidency of Jaffna College. The varied activities and agents of this field are intelligently coordinated to the one end: the thorough evangelization o f the people. Growth in grace is noted among Christians and a spirit of inquiry among those without. As in other portions of the field, work among the young has had special prominence and is of special promise. Mention is made of the visit of L. D. Wishard, representing the work of the Young Men's Christian Association, and the helpfulness of it in the service of the mission among young men. Attention is called in the report to the work among educated non-Christians, and the possible fruitfulness of evangelistic effort among them, if prosecuted in a right spirit and by men who are properly representative of an intelligent Christianity. The deputation now on its way to India, under the lead of Rev. George F. Pentecost, D.D., is commended to the prayers of all friends of the Board, that the movement may be so prudent and the work so attended with the divine blessing that it will issue in results that shall be in harmony with the work which we seek to do in the name of the common Lord, and that the One Kingdom may be built up in India. The Committee on the Missions in China, President James B. Angell, Chairman : — Although China remains a difficult field for missionary work, yet the reports before us show steady, if slow, progress. W e have four missions, each of them, except that at Hong Kong, having not only its stations, but also out-stations, and all the work goes steadily on. The North China Mission has been embarrassed by sickness and death, and much needs reinforcement. The educational work, so important in that land of scholars, and the medical work are taking on larger proportions than in the past. It is to be hoped that at no distant day the means of establishing an institution of collegiate rank at Tung-cho may be found, this institution to occupy the intermediate ground between the high- school training and the theological instruction now given. The preachers for China must be reared in China. Nearly 4,000 patients received treatment in the hospitals connected with our missions during the period covered by the reports before us. No better object-lesson in practical Christianity could be given to the Chinese than is offered by our hospitals, and none better calculated to impress the disciples of Confucius. Our missionaries are doing their part toward furnishing textbooks written in Chinese for schools, the translation of the Scriptures in a more accurate form than the earlier versions, and a somewhat varied Christian literature. The missionaries of the various American and European societies which lately met in conference at Shanghai are reported to be much impressed with the hopeful aspect of their work, and to be sanguine in the belief that China will yet be brought to Christ. The harvest is plenteous, but the laborers are still too few. W e ought not to keep silent concerning the fact that our missionaries have reason to fear embar­ rassment sooner or later, if the Congress of the United States unjustly and cruelly legislates, or if our citizens treat Chinese residents here, in disregard to our solemn treaty stipulations with the Chinese government. As Christian citizens, let the friends of this Board and of missions raise their voices in protest against proceedings which disgrace us as a powerful Christian nation, and which may provoke retaliation, to the serious harm of our missionaries, and, indeed, of all American citizens in China. The Committee on Missions in Japan, Rev. E. G. Porter, Chairman: — It has been a year of many trials to our brethren at work there. The public mind has been greatly agitated by the political disturbances which have led to the indefinite postponement of the treaty xviii Reports o f Committees on the Annual Report.

revision, which only a few months ago we thought was nearly accomplished. Under the conservative reaction the cry has been, “ Japan for the Japanese,” and the feeling against foreigners was in some sections very pronounced, though happily not resulting in serious acts of violence. This was eagerly seized by many as an opportunity for a noisy revival of Buddhism and Shintoism. Japanese critics discovered, as arguments for the new party, some of the flaws in Christendom, which were not difficult to find, though no one seems to have brought charges against Christianity itself. Our missionaries note with sincere regret the discouraging failure of the movement for ecclesiastical union with other evangelical bodies, a union toward which the Japanese have looked with earnest longing and for which they may yet strive more unitedly in the years to come. There has been a steady growth of commerce, manufactures, railroads, and electric light companies all over Japan. Over $100,000,000 of capital have been invested in new companies. The third national industrial exhibition has been held during the year, the largest in the history of this rapidly developing people. There has been a remarkable agitation, headed by Christian people, on questions relating to social purity. The number of foreign teachers, other than missionaries, has largely increased, several having been sent out by the international committee of the Young Men’s Christian Association, whose special agent, Mr. Wishard, has done excellent service in arranging branches of this association at the centres of learning in Japan, besides conducting a summer school for Bible study at Kyoto, at which 500 students were present, from all parts of the country. Our mission has met with a serious loss in the death of the Rev. Joseph Hardy Neesima, LL.D., to whom more than to any other agency this Board is indebted for the origin and spread of its work in Japan. Many remarkable tributes have been paid to his memory, both in Japan and in this country. He lived to see the school which, in 1875, he planted in Kyoto grow to be, in 1890, the largest Chris­ tian institution of learning in the land, with about 900 students, of whom more than eighty were candidates for the ministry. The Board is now working in twenty-eight of the forty-seven political divisions of Japan. To hold these important positions ten new families and fifteen single ladies are called for at once. The pathetic appeal of last year at New York, which none of us can forget, was not responded to. Delay is costly. Others are advancing. About eighty new missionaries were added to the Protestant force last year. Yet our balance is on the wrong side. W e suffered a net loss of four. Up to April last only one new name had reinforced our mission for two years. A few have gone since, and some are now on the way, but we are not meeting the demand, nor fulfilling the expectations which our success had awakened. The adult membership of our churches there is nearly one third of that of all denominations, while we have less than one sixth of the total number of missionaries in Japan. Notwithstanding all these embarrassments, we are glad to report a total gain for the year of twenty- three pastors and evangelists, 1,615 additions to the churches on confession of faith, and twelve new churches organized, making the total number sixty-one, with a membership of 9,146. Much good work has been done through our Hospital and Training School for Nurses at Kyoto, and a wide circulation has been given to our Christian magazines, newspapers, and books. The Committee on Missions in the Pacific Islands, President J. W. Strong, Chair­ man : — The report of the Prudential Committee on the Hawaiian Islands is necessarily brief, not because the work in that first-completed foreign mission is retarded, but because the Hawaiian Board is con­ ducting it on a home missionary basis. The labors of Dr. Hyde in the Theological Training School at Honolulu are gratefully recognized. His culture, his manhood, his good sense, and his practical piety, and the influence of those associated with him are telling upon all the social and educational interests on those islands. The generous gifts of Christian merchants at Honolulu have made it possible largely to increase the teaching and missionary forces on the islands; and the selection of an assistant for Dr. Hyde in the training school; of an assistant for Mr. Damon in the Chinese work; of a president and assistant teacher for Oahu College; and of missionary superintendents and evangelists for the several islands, indicate a forward movement all along the line of marked signif­ icance. Doubtless pure religion is destined to remain dominant on the Hawaiian Islands, and they will continue to be important strategic points from which the missionary forces shall be distributed southward and westward till the fulness of the seas shall be brought to Christ. The churches sustaining the Board have occasion to rejoice with the diligent toilers in Micronesia in the success of their labors. Peculiar difficulties and fiery trials have beset them: yet has the Lord of missions given them tokens of special favor, and has made good his promise, “ I am with you all the days.” There have been political complications in Micronesia, on the part of the Spanish and German Reports o f Committees on the Annual Report. xix

Protectorates, which have not proved protectorates to the mission work. But we are sure that the conciliator}' spirit which, without needlessly provoking animosities on the one hand or sacrificing the interests of Christ's kingdom to gain government favors on the other, has marked the true statesman­ ship of the Board and its missionaries in the past, will continue to be the policy of these embassadors of Christ in the future. The Morning Star, under admirable management, has proved itself a most effective helper in the missionary work. That work could not have been conducted with efficiency without this swift ship, availing itself of wind and steam to bear the gospel messengers of the cross, plowing the " desert of the seas.” It has been found necessary to supplement the services of the larger vessel, which could afford to visit the stations only at long intervals and to remain only for a brief period, bv a smaller vessel running from island to island and from group to group, and which can afford to tarry while the itinerant superintendents of the work remain for a time to cheer, to comfort, to advise, and to encourage the missionaries and their assistants who in solitude, but not in sorrow, are publishing the glad tidings to them that are afar off. A schooner of fifty tons, appropriately named the Robert W. Logan, has been built in San Francisco in obedience to the command of Jesus that a small ship should wait on him.

The Committee on Missions in Papal Lands, Rev. C. O. Brown, d . d . , Chairman: — The four missions maintained by this Board in Papal lands, two in Mexico, one in Spain, and one in Austria, report a good degree of progress and some items of especial interest. An event of great importance as related to the missions in Mexico is the establishment of a theo­ logical training school at Cuidad Juarez, formerly known as Paso del Norte, across the Rio Grande from El Paso. Its location makes it accessible to two other of our great societies: the American Home Missionary Society and the New West Education Commission, which, it is hoped, will avail themselves of its privileges in training young men for their work in the Southwest. The New West Education Commission took formal part in establishing the school. It is expected that fifteen young men will be ready to begin their studies this fall. The Girls’ School at Chihuahua reports progress and calls for reinforcement of its teachers. In Western Mexico, where the Board has two stations, five out-stations,two churches, and sixty-eight members, the progress is slow, but is believed to be withal sure and encouraging. The church at Guadalajara has been sending out its members to work in adjacent villages, and they have found some encouragement, with some persecution. The fall and winter report from the work in Spain, which was rendered last year, makes it unneces­ sary to go so largely into detail at this time. The number of additions to the churches during the past year, fifty-five, is quite favorable. Eight new churches have been organized, largely in country places where the members are few, but where the fellowship and mutual support are the more needed. The peculiar strength of Protestantism in Spain to-day is not to be found in the few chapels and organized churches of the larger cities, but in the many companies of Christians, some with and some without pastors, scattered throughout the country. It is here that the Protestant Christian becomes the object of especial notice and of fierce persecution. It is here, therefore, that his life, by inevitable contrast with the results of Romanism, becomes a powerful commendation of the pure and simple gospel of Christ. It is the testimony of many such lives in different parts of Spain that is keeping before the public set large, and the government in particular, the fact that there is a “ religious question." Special interest centres, as in former years, in the Girls’ School at San Sebastian. It has steadily gained in popularity and in the interest of the better classes of the people. It is hoped that within a year or two a suitable building may be erected, thus giving assurance to the public of permanency. In Austria the period under review has been one of great activity in all departments. The number, ninety-two, received into membership exceeds that of any previous year. The restrictive measures of the government continue. At all points meetings are limited to invited guests. No public religious ser­ vices are allowed. The old bitterness and opposition of Romanists continue. But the world moves, and Austria is beginning to feel the electric touch of that mighty movement which is going on abou her; of that movement which dares to protest against ecclesiastical despotism and persecution by erecting its statue to Bruno in the very streets of the Eternal C ity; of that movement which has made the Pope “ a prisoner in the Vatican.” Austria has during the past year witnessed the edifying specta­ cle of a religious protest from the liberal members of its national legislature and from the liberal press against the refusal of a committee to place in the new museum at Prague a tablet to the memory o f Huss. The protest was heard and the tablet went in. Moreover, the friends of Protestantism have raised over $20,000 for a suitable monument to him in Prague. The year has thus been one of great promise. The schools have been blessed; the churches have been strengthened and encouraged. But the mission needs enlargement by one or more mission families. Friends are also needed to aid in the support of a larger number of native preachers. And xx Reports o f Committees on the Annual Report.

your committee would recommend that so far as practicable the needs of this field and those of the other missions mentioned in this report be met. W e would also urge upon the churches such en­ larged contributions as will make it possible for the Board to grant the pressing and reasonable requests of these faithful workers. The Committee on the Special Paper, read by Secretary Clark, on “ Higher Chris­ tian Education as Related to Foreign Missionary Work,” President Franklin Carter, Chairman: — In reviewing Dr. Clark’s admirable paper, with all the positions of which your committee are in hearty accord, they beg leave to commend to all Christians connected with this Board the truth and importance of its statements. The necessity for developing higher schools and colleges in the coun­ tries where Christian missions are established cannot be too strongly emphasized in the plans of to-day. Especially in those countries where subtle systems of thought have been elaborated, and where the study of these systems has been instrumental in giving their disciples a high degree of quickness and acuteness, nothing can take the place of native converts of thorough training and of special care­ ful equipment in Christian philosophy and the evidences of Christianity. For the conversion of the high-caste men in India we may hope much from influences proceeding from schools of science ennobled by Christian views. Even now native Christians in India, trained in our schools, are rivaling and supplanting the Brahmans in the administrative offices of the government. Already native preachers in Japan are defending the claims of a crucified Christ to divine power, and are reaching the well-trained young men of the university. In China the missionaries are feeling deeply the need of Christian education to resist Western materialism, that threatens to blend itself with the incoming higher education. Christianity must supply the moral basis of the new civilization. There is, further,, a necessity for Christian education to deepen the spiritual life in the church that evangelistic work may become broad and permanent. The colleges in Turkey have exerted an influence upon the destiny of the various nationalities of that empire which can hardly be exaggerated, and if they can be maintained and properly supported they have a still greater work before them. The few colleges and seminaries already established are among the most promising springs o f Christian influence in the world to-day. May God strengthen them and bless their teachers and students, enabling these schools to train the best young native to do for his countrymen what the best foreigner can rarely, if ever, accomplish. The Committee on the Special Paper, read by Secretary Alden, on “ Missionary Motives,” President S. C. Bartlett, Chairman: — The Secretary’s paper on “ Missionary Motives ” is a worthy companion and sequel to his paper of last year on “ The Place of Prayer in the Missionary Work.” It goes to the foundation, and reaches to- the height, of the whole mission movement. It emphatically presents as “ the impelling force under­ lying and pervading the missionary activity of the church of Christ ” this great fact: “ the Spirit of Christ, its living Head.” This impelling force is further defined as exhibiting itself in profound convic­ tion of human sinfulness and ruin, of the superabounding provisions of divine grace, of personal obligation, of the divine superintendence of the work, of the emergency before the Church, united with a sweet sense of fellowship with Christ, and with a calm joy in the assured triumph of the Redeemer’s kingdom. In the pending conflict between naturalism and supematuralism, between human schemes and God’s revealed plan and method, this paper would hold the churches and the missionaries firm and fast to the divine authority, the divine instructions, and the divine help on which alone the missionary work is hopeful or the salvation of the world is possible. The committee are happy to put on record their belief that this paper expresses the spirit in which the Home Secretary has conducted his own arduous labors, and which he has steadily endeavored to awaken in the candidates for missionary service, and in the whole sphere of his personal and official relations. And they do not hesitate to affirm their conviction that with the maintenance at home and abroad of the missionary motives thus set forth the successful prosecution of the great enterprise in which we are engaged and the life of this American Board are bound up. The Committee on the Special Paper, read by Secretary Smith, on “ The Missionary Outlook,” Rev. E. P. Goodwin, D . D . , Chairman : — This paper, under the title of “ The Missionary Outlook," sets before us the missionary work as a. colossal campaign: its aim, the subjugation of the world to Christ; its forces, the host of God’s elect its sweep of time, the centuries of human history. The paper calls us therefore to consider two lines of thought: first, the signs of promise which the field discloses, and second, the facts relating to the means and methods by which the campaign is to be carried on to final triumph. Reports o f Committees on the Annual Report. xxi

Your committee share most fully the enthusiasm of the Secretary as to the tokens of cheer which everywhere meet the eye. They are such as these : the growing supremacy in the civilized world of the great Christian nations, England, Germany, and the United States; the rapid spread of our English tongue as the chief language of traffic and international interchange, carrying everywhere it goes our Bible and our Protestant faith; the growing ease of communication, whereby the ends of the earth are brought, as it were, face to face, and Christianity enabled to lay its touch of healing almost without delay upon the nations; the marvelous accessibility of the unevangelized peoples, offering opportu­ nities hitherto unexampled for the preaching of the gospel to almost every kindred and people and tongue; the wonderful success of modern missions, seen in the transformation of whole nations from the lowest condition of heathen barbarism to a degree of civilization which rivals that of long-favored Christian lands ; and finally, this grand work of enlightenment and regeneration moving forward now with a momentum that waxes in fulness and power with every passing year. Such facts as these, set forth most clearly and strikingly in this paper, justify abundantly the confi­ dent hope with which the writer summons us to give ourselves for the conflicts with the powers of darkness yet to come. Surely when one goes back to the day when the barriers to the work of missions rose high and frowning and seemingly impregnable on every side, not an open door any­ where through which a messenger of the gospel could set foot without imperiling his life; and then over against this sets the facts of to-day, with these identical barriers not only thrown down, but almost literally swept out of existence, and the gospel free to go wherever it lists, one insignificant patch of heathendom alone excepted — it is impossible for even the most indifferent observer not to see what marvels God hath wrrought and not to feel the blood stir within him over the splendid prospects of the future. Agreeing most heartily, therefore, with the paper as to the abundant reasons for thanksgiving and of inspiration which such a review furnishes, your committee desire to emphasize the appeal which the Secretary puts forward for the more zealous and effective prosecution of this great campaign. With reference to this a few suggestions offer themselves. First of all let us caution ourselves as to expecting overmuch from the leadership of Christian nations in the world's affairs. Undoubtedly they are becoming more and more the dominant forces in its civilization. But it is not to be forgotten that while they are thus opening the way for the incom­ ing of Christianity among the nations, they are at the same time furnishing the most potent hindrances to its success. Behind the opium traffic, that awful curse whose withering touch is like a plague of death upon not less than 150,000,000 of Chinese, is Christian England; and with no excuse whatever save the profits she wrings out of the bodies and souls she helps to destroy. Behind the infernal liquor traffic, with which the Dark Continent is being scourged worse, even, than by the infamous slave-trade, are Christian Germany and Christian America, and with the profits of their rum and gin as their only excuse. Behind the flood of infidelity and rationalism pouring steadily into India and Japan and counterworking powerfully the efforts of our missionaries, are all three of these Christian nations, and with avowed hostility to Christ and his gospel as their inspiring cause. While therefore we rejoice in seeing these great Christian powers enlarging their sphere of influ­ ence over the nations, let us not fail to pray, and to pray earnestly, and, as respects our own country, to vote as we fra y — that these mighty dominators of national destiny may be led to wield their power in the fear of God and for the furtherance and not the hindrance of his gospel. Then there is imperative need, in the judgment of the committee, of a greatly deepened sense of our responsibility, as the followers of Christ, in respect to the missionary work. First of all we need to remind ourselves that we are, as the paper states, conducting a grand campaign. W e are under orders— orders that are peremptory and admit of neither excuse, debate, nor delay. W e have no option. W e cannot plead disabilities or difficulties. Our great Commander says: “ Go ye! preach my gospel to every creature; ” and go we must. Costs are nothing; obstacles nothing; possible non­ success or defeat nothing. “ Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you!' Though on every side there towered Chinese walls mountains high, though money must needs be poured out by millions; aye, though on this side were death-belts like those of Africa, and on that the fiercest savages and cannibals of the Fiji Islands, it would not matter. The word of command rings like a bugle- blast, and we must obey or be false to our sacramental vows. It would do the churches of our day good to feel the sharp grip of this clear, unquestioned necessity. •No word is more needed in these times of lax obligation and lax conscience and lax morality than that old word — duty. A pilgrimage under the brow of the old mount that flamed and thundered, and out of the ineffable splendors that enshrined Jehovah sent forth the tables of the ¿aw, would help not a fcvv of God's people to remember that obedience to God’s commands is now as ever a prime condition of his blessing. Red Seas and Amalekites will evermore give way when the chosen people promptly and loyally follow the pillar of cloud and of fire. Springing out of such increased convictions of personal duty will naturally flow two results: the xxii Report o f the Committee o f Fifteen. consecration of persons and the consecration of property. W e must have more laborers for the great field. True there is a noble company of 5,000 youth now under pledge to enter the missionary service. Let us rejoice with full hearts for such a proof of increased interest in spreading the gospel. But what are these among a thousand millions sitting in the region and shadow of death, and on whose ears the name of Jesus has never fallen? Secretary Smith says the entire force of toilers now in the mission field, counting men and women, is only 6,000. And he says further that this force might be doubled twice over without meeting the real need. China alone needs a full thousand and Africa surely as many more. Whence then shall these so urgently needed reinforcements come? They must come chiefly from our homes; from yours and from mine. W e must consecrate our children, and we must do it not reluctantly, not after we have prayed to be excused, but gladly, and only wishing we had more to offer. Only when in every Christian home there is such a spirit shall we see the response there ought to be to this appealing cry from every quarter of the globe for helpers in the vast harvest-field.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF FIFTEEN, APPOINTED TO CONSIDER QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE ORGANIZATION OF THE BOARD.

Y o u r Committee was appointed two years ago, under instruction “ to consider the relations of the Board to the churches and individuals who make it their missionary agent, and the expediency, in view of the facts which they may ascertain, of securing a closer union between them, especially including the subject of the selection of Cor­ porate Members.” While the scope of the resolution was indefinite and general, the specific question of a change in method of nomination or election to corporate mem­ bership has practically been the only one which seemed to demand attention. We have endeavored to abide by the letter of our instructions, and to elicit such information as might serve as the basis of conference and of recommendation. Last year we reported that the small percentage of replies to the circular which was issued, and the indefiniteness of these replies, clearly made it impossible for the Committee to recom­ mend any changes. The number of circulars then sent out was 1,593, one being sent to the pastor of every church which had contributed $25 or more to the treasury of the American Board during the preceding year. Only 570 answers were received, over 1,000 making no response. Of the replies received, 325 favored a change, 206 opposed all change, and 39 expressed no judgment. Not less than 30 substitutes were pro­ posed. Upon its continuance for another year the Committee decided to enlarge the field and the method of its correspondence. A new circular was prepared and issued, reciting the results of the previous correspondence, copies of which were sent to the pastor of every Congregational church in the country which within either of the two preceding years had contributed to the funds of the Board; or to the clerk of the church, when such contributing church seemed to be without a pastor, with the special request, in each case, that the judgment of the church be ascertained and for­ warded. How far these suggestions were followed we have no means of knowing; while many churches which reported last year did not respond to the second call. We were also embarrassed by the repetition of last year’s experience, in receiving no reply from some of the largest and the strongest churches, whose annual gifts have been most generous. The number of circulars sent out was 2,296, five of which were sent to churches in Canada. The number of replies was 677, of which 391 favored a change, 238 opposed all change, and 48 expressed no judgment. An increase of over 700 circulars brought only 107 additional responses, augmented the column of those favoring a change by 66, and of those opposed to all change by 32, while the silent list rose from 1,023 to 1,619. Considerably more than two thirds, over 70 per cent., of the churches foiled to express any judgment; while the number of churches recom­ mending a change was found to be only 17 per cent, of all whose opinion had been Report o f the Committee of Nine. xxiii solicited, as against 20 per cent, of last year. It is this silent list which has caused the embarrassment of your Committee. Some of our number would have been in favor of proposing some method by which the contributing churches should be more directly represented in the election of members of this Board, some would have favored the closer relation of Honorary to Corporate Members, and some would have been in favor of submitting to the state and local bodies of the Congregational churches the desira­ bleness of nominations by such bodies, while others were opposed to any and all of these suggested changes. Under these circumstances, therefore, we deem it wise to make no proposition for action ,by the Board at the present time, and we unanimously join in the recommendation that the Committee be discharged, believing that whatever desire the churches or donors may entertain has not yet found sufficient expression to command at present any modification of our system.

A . J. F. B e h r e n d s .

C h a r l e s R a y P a l m e r .

A . H. Q u i n t .

R a l p h E m e r s o n .

G. H e n r y W h i t c o m b .

F. A . N o b l e .

E . W . B l a t c h f o r d . C. F. T hw ing.

J a m e s B . A n g e l l .

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF NINE APPOINTED TO INQUIRE INTO THE METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION AT THE MISSIONARY ROOMS.1

T h e committee appointed at the last Annual Meeting of the Board “ to inquire into the methods of administration pursued at the Missionary Rooms at Boston, and to recommend any changes which shall appear to them useful or important,” respectfully and unanimously report: — In fulfilment of the duty entrusted to us your committee have held four sessions, three of them at the Missionary Rooms in Boston — two of several days’ continuance; have examined the Records of the Prudential Committee and of the Treasurer; have read the papers and correspondence in nearly all the cases of applicants for missionary appointment whose cases have been made the topic of public comment, and of some others besides; have sought and gained access to whatever documents were on file in the Rooms which were deemed of importance as bearing upon the business in hand, and have conducted a considerable correspondence with officers of the Board, mission­ aries, pastors, college and theological professors, and others who seemed likely to be able to impart information of value in arriving at just conclusions in the delicate and weighty matters entrusted to us to consider. Invitations for personal conference were extended to the Chairman of the Prudential Committee and any of its members. As the result of these overtures to these and other standing officers of the Board, your committee had the pleasure of meeting the Chairman of the Prudential Committee and two of its members, each of the three Secretaries and the Field Secretary for New England, individually; and the Chair­

1 In connection with this report the Board adopted the following resolution: — “ In accepting this report of the Committee of Nine and placing it on file, which is the routine method prescribed by the rules of the Board, in view of the fact that the report is presented in print and will be widely read, in order to prevent misunderstanding the Board deems it necessary to state that the Board must not be held to adopt the report beyond the portion contained in the appended resolutions.” xxiv Report o f the Committee o f Nine. man of the Committee, the three Secretaries, the Field Secretary, and Treasurer collectively. The absence from town of the Editorial Secretary was, we are informed, the only reason for our failure to meet him in company with his associates. Sub-committees of your committee had also repeated interviews with some one or more officers of the Board — Secretaries. Treasurer, Editorial Secretary, and Auditors — in the earnest endeavor to obtain from all quarters, and especially from the responsible functionaries of the Board itself, whatever light could be shed on the subject-matters of inquiry. These investigations we have endeavored to prosecute with fairness and impartiality ; and, so far as we are aware in all cases, when the action of any officer of the Board was specifically impugned in statements made to the committee, we have endeavored to give opportunity for explanation and answer. In these endeavors we desire to say your committee were efficiently aided by the representatives of the Board. The submission to our protracted use of the Prudential Committee room of the Society, the tender to our access of all documents in the archives, the free accordance of all necessary clerical aid or official explanation and guidance, indicated the readiness of the occupants of the Missionary Rooms to cooperate in the business devolved upon us, and laid your committee under sensible obligations. The Resolution under which your committee were instructed to act called upon them “ to inquire into the methods of administration pursued at the Missionary Rooms in Boston, and to recommend any changes which shall appear to them useful or impor­ tant.” In the fulfilment of this commission our inquiries were directed to these methods of administration as manifested chiefly in three particulars : the method employed in making and preserving the Records and Documents of the Board ; the methods used in Financial affairs ; and the methods pursued in the Examination and Approval of Candidates for Missionary Service. Other collateral and subsidiary matters, some of them of considerable importance, came also, as your committee conceived, within the scope of their inquiries, and received a portion of their careful attention ; but these three points, and what is involved in them, seemed to be the more important ones, and it is primarily with certain statements and recommendations concerning these that we especially have to do in this report. I. With regard to the first of these particulars,— the methods pursued in making and preserving the Records and Documents of the Board,— we cannot too highly praise the general satisfactoriness of the system employed in the documentary depart­ ment of the organization. So far as the committee had opportunity to test the matter, the faithfulness with which all papers are preserved and the ease with which they are referred to leave nothing to be desired. In the many cases of application for missionary appointment, reaching over quite a number of years, to which there was occasion to appeal, every paper, whatever its bearing, seemed to be in its place, and the whole correspondence capable of easy review. Your committee have no reason to doubt that equal accuracy characterizes all the many hundreds of other cases we had no occasion to investigate, and that it is, as a general fact, characteristic of all departments of the Board in reference to its docu­ mentary memorials. Some suggestions regarding the single point of the present manner of making and keeping the Prudential Committee’s Record — a manner which seemed capable of amendment — we have thought proper to communicate directly to that Committee. II. Turning to the Financial department of our inquiries, we find that the general plan of administration in the Treasury of the Board commends itself to approbation. Report of the Committee of Nine. x x v

The usual time of delay in closing the books beyond the ending of the financial year, on the thirty-first of August, has been eight days — in some instances a day or two longer. This has been done that contributions intended for the closing year, but delayed in transmission, might be included in the accounts. Such contributions have, for the most part, been small in amount, mainly from churches, some of them from the far West. No considerable objection would seem to oppose itself to an actual closing of the books on the thirty-first of August — beyond the loss of the amount credited to the single year of the change — except that a church remitting its collection late one year and early the next might have two collections included in one year’s account and none in the other. It is worthy of consideration whether this is an objection sufficient to offset the possible misconstructions and misunderstandings incident to a delay at all in closing the books after the precise ending of the financial year, especially when an advantage would be gained in giving the Treasurer and the Committee on the Treas­ urer’s accounts the additional time in which to fulfil their respective duties before the meeting of the Board. The Otis and Swett legacies appear to have been used in accordance with the instruc­ tions of the Board. The usage has been to make the appropriations of money from these legacies early in the year, for new missions and special work; leaving the general work to be provided for from contributions, legacies, and income from invested funds, the sufficiency or insufficiency of which constitutes the treasury balance or the treasury ■deficiency at the close of the year. In the particular year in which the Otis legacy was received, an^ before the action of the Board providing for its specially designated uses, considerable demands from the missionaries had been denied; contributions simultaneously fell off, partially, probably, in consequence of tidings of the bequest, and a serious disaster was threatened. When the Otis money came, the missionary appropriations before denied were imme­ diately allowed, and enough more was drawn from the legacy to meet the year’s defi­ ciency— sums together aggregating about $166,000. At the next Annual Meeting the Board prescribed the conditions of the future use of this fund; conditions which we believe to have been complied with. In view, however, of the necessarily complex and extended character of the accounts of an institution like the Board, and the importance of full and accurate understanding of its affairs at every Annual Meeting, your committee cannot but feel that the present custom of appointing a Financial Committee to pass upon the accounts of the year at the same meeting at which those accounts are rendered is a custom which ought to be changed. We think it desirable that the Committee on the Treasurer’s Report be appointed by the Board the year before they are called upon to act, and that the report of the Treas­ urer be sent, as soon as it is ready, to each member of the Committee for inspection, and that any desired information may be asked for. We advise also that the present By-law— By-law 17 of the last published edition of ■Charter and By-laws — which permits the Auditors to employ an expert in the exam­ ination of the Treasurer’s accounts, be made mandatory. But while your committee take pleasure in testifying to the fidelity with which the financial interests of the Board are administered, we cannot hide from ourselves, nor do we deem it right to withhold from you, the fact that there is much in the general financial condition of the Board to awaken solicitude. An examination of the comparative tables, which are here incorporated with and made a part of this report, is suggestive of serious considerations. The period cov­ ered is 1880 to 1889 inclusive — the latest period for which statistics of all the benevo­ lent organizations brought into review are accessible. {See tables on the next page.) These tables present the receipts of the Board from all sources for the last ten years, in comparison with the number and membership of our churches, and the receipts for COMPARATIVE TABLES. xxvi

Congregational American Home C hurch es. American lioard Foreign Missions. Missionary Society . 1 American Missionary Association. j *

?; 2 ' l e | *ft j = :S I a ü JS 1 8 E •c 3 a u •3 Board. Y e ars. W om an Miscellaneous, e £ a 0 T o ta ls. O I J W in £

18S0 3,745 384,33= $238,502 $103,657 $ 71,409 $5,264 $11,920 $182,787 Nine. of Committee the of Report $ 430,752 $613,539 $266,720 $54,499 $321,219 $25,462 $409 $150,000 1881 3,855 385,685 ; 242,017 102,0^8 92,268 $312.657 5,370 9,5=1 4 5 ',2 i4 240,031 691,245 29°>954 56,494 347.448 46,710 30,000 1882 3.936 387,619 ; 230,403 ” 1.5=3 105,667 6,448 8,2*9 462,270 189,706 651,976 241.391 1683 4,010 396,209 ; 269,415 121,073 340 ,778 86,737 427,515 78,612 21 ,500 286,279 H 7,453 6,451 9.035 523,4=7 67,569 590,996 370,982 124,811 1884 4,092 237,926 115,566 $35,986 495.793 126,367 1 2 ,1 0 0 286,865 401,549 j 149.031 5.9°9 9.039 553,457 34.895 588,352 385,004 100,338 14,900 1885 4,170 418,564 j 235,960 121,478 11,362 9,102 485.342 f>4,559 243,516 145.099 5,955 528,956 43,885 625,833 451,768 86,280 538,048 41,502 I I ,000 244,200 1886 4,277 436,379 i 230,743 148,262 107,191 ».855 5,»43 9>=44 502,538 659,683 4i,i45 524,545 695,872 47,584 3.0^0 266,140 1887 4,404 457,584 221,843 139>948 98,415 1,471 5,*68 11,071 477,9i6 48,808 681,044 482,980 T65,804 ’ l 27 1888 475,608 548,784 52,267 709 242,459 4,569 236,403 i 5=,5i i 146,353 1.654 5.655 11,258 553,832 51,033' 667,367 548,730 128,922 677,652 1889 4,689 47,636 1,000 250,903 491,985 235,978 152.756 153.654 673 6,312 10,637 560,010 43,665' 685,786 73,676 615,927 542,251 114,020 500 1 304,714 ..... ------.

------

Am erican American College and Education Cong’l S. S. and Pub. Society New West Education Congregational Union. Society (Education Dep’t). (S. S. Dep't). Commission. Presbyterian Board Foreign Missions.

V '8 ”5

Scholarships. 00 Donations. Income o f Totals. Legacies. | Contributions. Interest, etc. 'U Totals. Contributions. Legacies. Totals. U

i 1 1 Legacies. 3 ! H 1880 $8,002 $37.»76 $37.176 $12,214 $4,898 $25,014 $208,911 p20,145 1881 16,052 5,200 Ê'76,097 $39,919 $120,105 $565,176 $ 3,037 39.i7t 5,065 26,317 ...... “$13,764 S$ I2,500 2$26,2Ô4 201,804 170,304 20,449 1882 14,054 76,343 111,357 580,286 450 9,536 4,997 28,587 $8,104 $2,025 $10,129 23,528 =3,528 190,080 178,180 19,986 1883 56,35» 20.056 & 12,486 22,593 5,809 40,888 1,100 16,522 75,399 113,153 576,798 15,422 34,664 555 35,219 207,572 192,729 22,908 98,l60 126,934 648,308 1884 70,605 1 1 ,709 82,314 15.619 750 5,866 =2,235 20,924 46,901 $ 3 7 i 21,295 6,010 52,911 248,205 203,755 30,864 92,021 687,397 1885 59,022 6,316 65.339 12,157 2,275 20,149 =5,>9o 60 284 112,552 5,717 25,534 48,255 215 48,470 247,794 76,738 112,190 693,258 1886 1,378 60,891 18,229 1,900 26,499 282 224,599 31,937 , 4,984 25.113 26,781 54.415 1,260 55,675 248,947 224,025 30,970 111,189 1887 80,219 21,021 2,790 6,812 30,623 4,000 78,559 $5 745,164 S ä ! = ,iS4 34,873 530 39,403 56,447 3,565 60,012 309,222 248,650 51,010 72,007 103,270 784,158 1888 1,084 56,917 17,300 16,434 5,022 41,3=8 884 38>756 3.279 45,497 ;1 54,230 4,085 63.315 329,342 295,501 45,331 68,281 162,725 901,181 1889 13,584 99.735 19,485 3,800 1 6,321 29,606 46,859 i , 9°° 8 3 ? 59 1 49,350 i 62,040 770 62,810 291,720 280,286 36,063 73,i= i 112,878 794,068

I §ÇC Note (1) on the next page. * F o r th e y e a rs 1879- 8 1. Report of the Committee of Nine. xx vii the same period of the other benevolent societies of our denomination. There is also joined with these statistics of our own body a similar statement of the bestowments to the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. In these tables fractions under fifty cents are omitted; over fifty cents are reckoned as one dollar. From these tables it distinctly appears that, including donations from the churches and the Woman’s Boards, — leaving out legacies, which can hardly be considered as indicative of the immediate feeling of the churches, and special gifts for particular objects, — the Board received in round numbers during the first three years of the decade under review— namely, 1880, 1881, and 1882 respectively — three hundred and forty-two, three hundred and forty-four, and three hundred and forty-one thousand dollars. In 1883 this amount was increased to three hundred and eighty-six thousand dollars; a figure, however, which the similar contributions of only two of the years since that date have equaled, while four of these years have fallen very considerably below. While this is true, we find the contributions of the Home Missionary Society 2 increasing in these ten years from $266,000 to $542,000; the American Missionary Association from $136,000 to $189,000; the Congregational Union from $37,000 to $86,000; the Sunday-School and Publishing Society from $8,000 in 1882 to $46,000 in 1889; the College Society from $12,000 to $19,000; the New W est Commission from $23,000 in 1882 to $62,000 in 1889. Meantime, also, this decade of years has seen the increase of our churches from 3,745 to 4,689; and of our church-membership from 384,000 to 491,000. These facts seem clearly to indicate that in its relation to the benevolence of our churches and its grasp upon their resources the Board has virtually stood still, while the other agencies of our denominational enterprise have made an advance in the aggregate of about eighty per cent. With an increase in our church-membership of over 107,000, no corresponding increase has accrued to the treasury of this Society. From 1880 to 1889 our membership grew more than thirty per cent.; our direct contri­ butions from the churches and the Woman’s Boards grew less than fourteen per cent. Our Presbyterian brethren have in the same period increased their contributions for foreign missions — not including legacies, Sunday-school or special gifts — from $385,000 in 1880, to $572,000 last year, which was considerably the smallest sum received for several years. Had the contributions of the churches to the Board increased during the decade in review in proportion as other Congregational contributions have increased, we ought, instead of an income from this source— apart from legacies and special gifts — of the $387,000 of 1889, to have had $696,000; which, with the special gifts, legacies, and appropriations from the Otis and Swett bequests remaining only the same, without a dollar of increase, would have brought up the grand total of that year to $994,000, instead of the $685,111 actually reported. Meantime the obvious fact is before all eyes that the great Otis and Swett bequests, which have been drawn upon so liberally for several years past to prevent what would

1 [A letter was received, November 8, from the Rev. Dr. George L. Walker, requesting that the following notes be printed in connection with the report of the Committee of Nine. — Ed.] j . Since the printing of the report of the Committee of Nine an error in the above column of figures [see table opposite] has been discovered in the table representing the receipts of the American Home Missionary Society. The first column erroneously contains the “ legacies ” added to the contributions, which should instead be deducted from them and form the column of "Totals: ” that is, the '‘ Contributions" for 1880should be given as $2x2,221, and the “ Totals” for that year as $266,720; and for 1889 the corresponding figures should be $468,575, and the totals $542,251. As the Committee of Nine is dissolved, this correction is made on the responsibility of its late chairman. — George Leon Walker. 2. These figures should read $212,000 and $468,000 respectively. This alteration, however, does not diminish the ratio of increase in the contributions to “other societies compared with the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions spoken of in the next paragraph; an increase which, as given in the text of the reports, subsequent calculations have shown to be understated rather than overstated.— George Leon Walker. x x v iii Report o f the Committee o f Nine. otherwise have been a serious deficiency, are rapidly becoming exhausted. At the present rate of their employment this current year they can avail, in the case of the Otis bequest, for only about two and a half years more, and in the Swett legacy less than nine months. What is to be done then becomes a praptical and serious inquiry. Your committee refrain from any expression of opinion or conjecture in reference to the condition of comparative financial infirmity which these facts testify. We content ourselves with expressing the conviction that, however explained, there is in them a powerful argument of urgency that if there be alienations from the Board they be reconciled, and that every reasonable means be employed to deepen and strengthen the hold upon the hearts of our churches of the cause of foreign missions and of this its ancient representative. These convictions receive a powerful reinforcement from the fact developed in the course of our inquiries, that even this year, when the hope of larger bestowals than in the few years past has been cherished, and to some degree realized, it has nevertheless been deemed necessary by the Prudential Committee to reduce the pledges for the general work of the foreign fields — below the carefully made estimates of their actual necessities, based on the reports of the missionaries on the ground — to the extent of sixteen per cent, in old fields, and thirty-two per cent, in new work. Such a result, involving disappointment to overburdened missionaries, curtailment of well-devised plans, discharge of native helpers, and crippling of endeavor at its most promising stage, cannot, however caused, be other than a deplorable calamity. As one way hopefully to avoid such a necessity in the future, your committee deem it very important that every effort be employed to bring home to the churches the danger and the injury of such impairment of the work. No method seems to be so likely to be successful for this purpose as the impartation of information on this and other aspects of missionary necessity, by the direct address of those concerned in the cause. In the past year the labors of the District and Field Secretaries have been especially fruitful of good results pecuniarily and otherwise. We believe that a considerable increase of force employed in this manner would be a wise outlay both for the churches and the Board. Such an outlay we recommend. III. The third point of inquiry toward which the attention of your committee was directed is the method pursued in the appointing of missionaries. It is hardly necessary to say that this brings us into contact with a subject of great interest and importance. It was the importance of this subject and the intense interest felt concerning it, as manifested in all the Annual Meetings of the Board for the last four years, which primarily led to the appointment of this committee. Nor has our estimate of the significance of the matter been lessened by the inquiries we have made. However judgments may differ as to the causes which have led to the condition of affairs calling for inquiries like the present, it is impossible to disguise the fact that a state of disquietude exists in reference to the existing methods of ascertaining the qualifications of candidates for missionary service which is detrimental to the interests of the Board and of the missionary cause. Your committee have no desire to spread before you, unless it be necessary, the evidences which they possess of a degree of alienation from the present administration of the Board existent among some of our churches, our pastors, our educational institutions, and the young men and woman of our colleges and seminaries, which, whether reasonable or unreasonable, we all alike deplore. Such evidences in authentic form and to some considerable extent acquired from the archives of the Board itself are in the hands of the committee. It is well known that there are divided counsels in the Secretarial offices and at the Prudential Committee table, which have necessarily attracted public notice and weak­ ened the hold of this organization upon the public confidence. Report of the Committee of Nine. x x ix

\ our committee do not feel disposed to add to the flames of controversy by dwelling on m itters which, on this platform and elsewhere, have been made the subject of ani­ mated, and even heated, debate. The task is not laid upon us of sitting in judgment upon the officers of the Board personally, or of making up a verdict of censure or approval in relation to their proceedings. We are concerned with a system of admin­ istration, and not with the merits or alleged delinquencies of individuals — a system which, though it has been long in use, we think may easily be improved. It is a disputed question whether the interpretation attached by the major part* of the officers of the Board to the instructions given, first at Des Moines, then at Spring­ field, and finally in New York, is tenable, in view of the phraseology used on those occasions and the light thrown on the import of those instructions by the accompany­ ing explanations. It is a disputed question whether the action of the Prudential Committee in dealing with applicants since the meetings referred to, as well as before, has or has not been unduly rigid. There is a difference of opinion upon the question whether there have or have not been occasions when a different course from that which the majority of the Committee adopted might not have opened the way to a just and honorable peace. Your committee do not deem it necessary to enter into these questions, however interesting they may be, or to communicate any impressions respecting them which may have been left on any of their minds in the course of these investigations. The materials for forming a conclusion on these points are very largely in the hands of the public. Our chief concern is with the future. Looking at the matter in this light, we are led to remark that the legitimate object of an inquiry by the officers of the Board into the theological opinions of applicants for missionary service is to ascertain whether they are conformed essentially to the doctrines commonly received by the churches. We are united in the judgment that it is incompatible with the character of the Board, as a non-ecclesiastical body, for its officers to frame creeds or statements of theological belief, under whatever title, to be submitted to candidates for appointment. Such a course is not to be approved, even though it be, as alleged, not to impose articles of faith upon the applicant, but simply to aid him in presenting his own belief. And we are happy to state that, so far as the Home Secretary is concerned, the com­ mittee received the voluntary assurance that he will henceforth defer to this view. Your committee do not feel called on to ascertain or to communicate all the causes which may have produced the difficulties and dissensions under which, of late, the Board has labored; nor to determine to what extent these troubles are due to modes of administration which might be improved, the system itself remaining unchanged. Enough to say that, in our judgment, the entire existing system of procedure with candidates, as far as it relates to theological views, is one which requires to be mod­ ified. Such modification, after earnest, and we may perhaps not improperly add prayerful, deliberation on this important matter, we are prepared unanimously to propose. The change we suggest is one which we regard as not only better in itself than the method now in use, but one which we are convinced the present condition of the Board’s affairs renders indispensably necessary. As a part of this proposed change we think it desirable that a modification of Ques­ tions i and 2, Section VI, of the Manual for Missionary Candidates should be made, so that they will read as follows : —

Question i. What are your views respecting each of the leading doctrines of Scripture commonly held by the churches sustaining this Board? In answering this question you may use your own language or refer to any creeds of acknowledged weight. Question 2. Have you any views at variance with these doctrines, or any views of Church govern­ ment which would prevent your cordial cooperation with the missionaries of this Board? As at present standing these questions read respectively : — XXX Report o f the Committee o f Nine.

1. What in your view are the leading doctrines of the Scriptures? 2. Have you doubts respecting any of the doctrines commonly held by the churches under the care of the Board, or any views relating to Church government, which would prevent your cordially recog­ nizing as ministers of Christ the missionaries employed by the Board? The object of the first of these changes — that in Question i of the Manual — is to try to secure from the candidate a fuller statement of his personal convictions respecting the Scripture doctrines commonly entertained by our churches than would necessarily be elicited by the simple inquiry, as it now stands, what those doctrines are. In point of fact, the question as it now reads is sometimes answered by a bare list of names, such as Repentance, Faith, Atonement, Justification, Sanctification, and the like. The aim of the proposed change is to lead the candidate more readily to state in his own way, and more fully, his position respecting the doctrines of Scripture held by himself and by the churches. The change is, in a word, in the interest of a more complete, voluntary, and untrammeled explication of the candidate’s personal religious convictions. The change in the second question is for the purpose of removing a form of inter­ rogatory which, however long continued, your committee cannot but deem unhappy in its tendency and objectionable in its use. “ Have you doubts?” is an inquiry suited in its veiy nature to perplex a sensitive conscience, and to disquiet even an indolent one. Who has not at times doubts respecting many things concerning which he is, on the whole and in a large practical way, nevertheless persuaded? We think the inter­ rogatory, as formulated in the Manual at present, is not only calculated to raise doubts and create perplexities, but that it opens the way for the possibility of embarrassing the candidate’s convictions and conscience, which ought to be effectually guarded against. Provision having been made in the first question, as amended, for ascertaining the applicant’s real convictions concerning the Scripture doctrines commonly held by the churches, it seems quite sufficient in the next question to inquire, “ Have you any views at variance with these doctrines, or any views of Church government which would prevent your cordial cooperation with the missionaries of this Board ? ” These changes in the phraseology of Questions i and 2, Section VI, of the Manual, being understood as a part of your committee’s proposal, it is further our opinion that all applications for missionary appointment should be made, as now, to the Corre­ sponding Secretaries of the Board, who should ask for and receive from the candidate the usual testimonials respecting fitness for missionary service, and answers to ques­ tions proposed in the Manual. But no attempt should be made-to induce candidates to modify their expressed theological opinions. The communications thus received by the Secretaries should be presented forthwith to the Prudential Committee. In case the Committee shall think it needful to make further scrutiny into the theological opinions of candidates, this should be had through an interview with the Committee as a body, or in case this, in any special instance, is not practicable, with a sub-committee appointed by them from their own number, and consisting in part of laymen. At such theological examination by the Committee, or sub-committee, the doors should be open for the presence of any members of the Board or personal friends of the candidate. The effect of this arrangement, if faithfully carried out, will be to leave the entire question of the theological fitness of candidates exclusively with the Prudential Com­ mittee, where even now the responsibility of the decision rests. Should the Com­ mittee at any time be thought to be unreasonably lax, or unreasonably rigid, in the discharge of their function, it is in the power of the Board to apply a remedy, inas­ much as the term of office of the Committee is but a single year. Your committee cannot conclude this report without reiterating their deep conviction of the gravity of the present situation in the affairs of the Board, and their sense of Report o f the Committee of Nine. xxxi

the imperative necessity for arriving at some just and honorable basis of agreement if the Board is to continue to be the instrument of the united constituency it has hitherto represented in the missionary work. Such a just and honorable basis we believe we have presented in the recommendations we have made. In arriving at them we have endeavored to be solicitously careful of the convictions and feelings of all. We have impeached no one’s motives. We have listened to no unanswered accusations. We have endeavored to manifest, as we certainly have felt, a grateful sense of obligation to the members of the Prudential Committee for their gratuitous and laborious service in the work entrusted to them, and to the other officers of the Board for their devotion to their arduous service. It is not in the spirit of partisanship that we have met the ques­ tions which have been presented to us, nor is it now in any other than a spirit of loyalty to the Board, and to the great Christian cause it represents, that we leave with you the recommendations we unitedly make in the earnest hope of their acceptance and adoption. With the brief recapitulation of such of these recommendations as seem to demand formal action by vote we conclude our report. We recommend the adoption of the following resolutions : — Resolved, first, That the Committee on the Treasurer’s Report be appointed by the Board at the Annual Meeting next previous to the meeting at which such committee is called on to act, and that a copy of the report of the Treasurer be sent, as soon as it is ready, to each member of the committee for inspection, and that any desired information may be asked for. Resolved, second, That By-law 17, p. 12, of the last published edition of the Charter and By-laws be amended so that the last sentence of it shall read, instead of “They [the Auditors] shall have authority at any time to employ an expert in the particular examination of the accounts " — “ The Auditors shall annually employ an expert in the examination of the Treasurer's accounts." Resolved, third, That there be a substantial increase of the force employed by the Board to bring the interests of its missions and the cause it represents before the churches contributing to its support. Resolved, fourth, with reference to the important subject of missionaiy appointments, That Questions 1 and 2, Section VI, of the Manual for Missionary Candidates be amended so that they shall read as follows: — Question 1. What are your views respecting each of the leading doctrines of Scripture commonly held by the churches sustaining this Board? In answering this question, you may use your own lan­ guage or refer to any creeds of acknowledged weight. Question 2. Have you any views at variance with these doctrines or any views of Church govern­ ment which would prevent your cordial cooperation with the missionaries of this Board? These questions being so amended, all applications for missionary appointment shall be made, as now, to the Corresponding Secretaries of the Board. Without further correspondence on doctrinal matters the communications thus received by the Secretaries shall be presented forthwith to the Pru­ dential Committee. In case the Committee desire further scrutiny into the theological opinions of the candidate this shall be had through an interview with the Committee as a body; or in case this, in any special instance, is not practicable, with a sub-committee appointed by them from their own number and consisting in part of laymen. At such theological examination by the Committee or sub-commit­ tee the doors shall be open for the presence of any members of the Board or personal friends of the candidate. Resolved, fifth. That any rules or parts of rules inconsistent with any of the foregoing resolutions be hereby annulled. All which is respectfully and unanimously submitted by your committee.

G e o . L e o n W a l k e r .

A l o n z o H . O u i n t .

S a m u e l J o h n s o n .

E l ih u B . M o n r o e .

G e o r g e P. F is h e r . J o h n H . W a s h b u r n .

A r t h u r L i t t l e .

R a l p h E m e r s o n .

R o y a l C. T a f t . xxxii Higher Christian Education.

HIGHER CHRISTIAN EDUCATION AS RELATED TO FOREIGV MISSIONARY WORK.

BY REV. N. G. CLARK, D.D., FOREIGN SECRETARY.

[A Paper from, the Prudential Committee, p'esented at the Annual Meeting o f the American Board at Minneapolis, October g, i8go.]

C h a r l e s K i n g s l e y , in his Westward Ho! has given one of the finest illustra­ tions in literature of the power of the gospel on the life and character of a great people. It is the one thought that illumines every page of Motley’s Rise of the Dutch Repub­ lic. It is the golden thread that runs through American history from Plymouth Rock to Appomatox. The sixty graduates of Oxford and Cambridge that cast in their lot with the colony of Massachusetts Bay between the years 1630 and 1639 were true t0 the new life-forces at work in the mother-country and in the Netherlands. They brought with them advanced ideas of Christian life and human freedom, — the elements essential to the best civilization, — Christian ideas and cultured men to set them forth. We have here the secret of that power which has made New England what it is, and has dotted the continent with churches and Christian colleges, and been wrought into our social and political institutions from the Aroostook to the Golden Gate. In this spirit we are carrying on the work of foreign missions. We send the most thoroughly cultured men and women we can secure, and we transmit to other races the best thought of our own. Our first great object is the conversion of individ­ ual souls; and the second is the development of Christian institutions for their nurture; and the end we seek is the triumph of the kingdom of God in all the varied relations and possibilities of human life. Without the first, the conversion of souls, nothing is accomplished; without the second, the establishment of Christian institutions, no permanent results follow. The first comes from the divine blessing on the preaching of the Word; the second comes from the divine blessing on Christian education. Both are essential; neither can do without the other. Christian education supple­ ments the work of the preacher. It recognizes the fact that man is not simply a spiritual being, but an intellectual and social being as well. “ In this large subject of Christianizing the world,” remarked Oswald Dykes at the late London Conference, “ we have to disabuse ourselves of all narrow and sectional views of the work. We have to regard ourselves as custodians and propagandists of a religion which appeals to man’s nature through all its avenues, and which aims at satisfying all its cravings and needs.” 1 In going to India, to Japan, or to China, we are called to meet men of thought and culture according to the intellectual systems in which they have been reared; men whose best energies have been given to the solution of the same great problems touching human destiny that vex the thinkers of our own land. “ Christianity,” con­ tinues the writer just quoted, “ connects itself with the whole view which man takes o f the world as related to God, as a creation of God. It has to do with fundamental questions which underlie all our physical science as well as speculative philosophy.” But through the rapid means of communication in these days, and the easy and wide diffusion of error through the press, there is no relief from the discussion of false theories, whether of science, of morals, or of religion, in any part of the civilized world; and the missionary of to-day must go forth prepared to grapple with them. The conceptions of materialism and humanitarianism must be met by larger conceptions of Christian thought. The higher criticism which would set aside the facts and verities of our Christian faith must be met by the broader and more exhaustive criticism o f

1 Report of Conference, vo l. ii, p. 229. Higher Christian Education. xxiiî

Christian scholars. The Pantheism which has become a part of the intellectual life of the Hindu, and is filtered down through the moral conceptions of the masses of the people, must be met by a more thorough exhibition of the essential elements of our spiritual nature ; and Confucianism and Buddhism must be taught that their moral codes can be realized only through the acceptance of a divine life from above. The gospel for mankind is the gospel of Christ; and the excellency of this knowledge is that it giveth life to them that have it. As Christianity is akin to the highest thought of man, it demands an education that shall not only be high, but higher than that of any other system of religion. It is only such higher Christian education, whether at home or abroad, that can secure the triumph of Christian ideas, of Christian institutions; in short, of the kingdom of God upon the earth. Religion without education is seen in Roman Catholic missions in India, China, and Africa, where the native Christians are hardly to be distinguished in their moral char­ acter and social life from their heathen neighbors. In Protestant missions education to a limited extent is everywhere recognized as necessary — sufficient at least to a fairly intelligent reading of the Scriptures in the native language. In some Protestant mis­ sions a large proportion of the Christian adherents, and even of church-members, are unable to read. The result is that in some cases Christians of the second and even of the third generation are weak, dependent, and comparatively helpless. It is not enough to educate a few, whether in Catholic or Protestant missions, leaving the masses in comparative ignorance. The weakness of much foreign missionary work — a weakness that has of late exposed it to severe, if to some extent undeserved, criti­ cism — comes from the failure to realize the Christian idea of planting the school- house beside the church. While all missionary labor and missionary expenditure must be limited to the mis­ sionary purpose, that purpose may be broad enough to include the leaven of a Christian civilization. Its introduction belongs to the missionary; its development and the sup­ port of Christian institutions belong to the people for whom he labors. Christianity attains its end only when the spirit of Christ pervades all human relationships, and when the seal of Christ is stamped on all human endeavor. In that day shall there be inscribed “ on the bells of the horses, H o l i n e s s u n t o t h e L o r d .11 We hear on every hand that the one object of all education is character; and it matters little whether this is secured by the discipline of the memory and logical faculty in intellectual pursuits, or of the hand and eye in mechanical pursuits. The young man who helps himself to meet the expenses of his education, and at the same time to a livelihood and to larger, influence in the community in which he lives, by labor in some industrial calling, is as truly preparing to serve his fellowmen as by studies in the pure mathematics or in linguistic research. Now in establishing missions among uncivilized races it becomes us to introduce not simply the gospel but the germinant principles of a better social life, and to take the lead and keep the lead in all educational effort, as has been done so happily in the Samoan Islands, among the Kaffirs and the Karens, not by means of a large number of missionaries, but by a few thorough training and normal schools for both sexes. Among highly civilized races, as among the higher classes of India, in China, and in Japan, the problem is essentially the same, only more difficult. A higher education than is already known must compel and command attention, or if it be not higher on the intellectual side it must assert its superiority on the religious side by its results on moral character. To this end the education we give, from its lowest to its highest form, must be thoroughly Christian, and no temporary material advantage must be allowed to turn it from its supreme purpose. It is only as the man, and the whole man, x x x iv Higher Christian Education.

is developed that Christianity vindicates its rightful claim to the sovereignty of human hearts, whether at home or abroad. Godliness is thus seen to be profitable unto all things both for the life that now is and for the life that is to come. We have no occasion in this presence to prove that high education alone is not suffi­ cient to the social and moral elevation of a people. The high culture of the Greek youth in the age of Pericles did not save them from moral degradation, nor the State from ruin. The experiment has been more recently tried by the British Government in India till it has become alarmed at the result. The expurgation of Christian ideas from English textbooks, and the exclusion of the gospel from higher institutions of learning, have led hundreds of thousands, if not millions, to surrender old faiths with which errors in science were inextricably mingled, and have left them without any religion at all. The religious sentiment has been stifled and all moral restraint done away. No wonder that the moral degradation that follows should lead thoughtful English statesmen to turn to missionary organizations to assume the care of higher institutions of learn­ ing. It is the old story of the evil spirit coming back to the house he had left, and finding it empty, swept, and garnished, only to make the last state of the unhappy owner worse than the first. Recognizing the need of religious culture as a part of higher education, Japanese fathers, though disclaiming any personal interest in the gospel, have given thousands of dollars to aid in the establishment of Christian schools for the education of their sons. This higher Christian education, this thorough apprehension of the principles of knowledge in the various departments of human research and endeavor, studied and apprehended in the white light of Christian truth, is a necessity to the greatest success of missionary effort. The Holy Spirit made no mistake in selecting Barnabas and Saul, men of the best culture of their times, to be foreign missionaries. And now that the world is opening on every hand far beyond the possibility of the Church to meet the demand for religious instruction, whether we take into account the number of missionaries required or the great expense involved, we are simply shut up to the conclusion that the men must be reared on the ground, that the higher Christian education of the young men and women of a people is the indispensable requisite to its evangelization. Working on this line the evangelization of the world and the estab­ lishment of the kingdom of God in the earth is only a question of time, depending on the zeal and faith and consecration of those who bear the Christian name. The success which has attended the work of this Board during the last twenty years, and more especially during the last ten years, illustrates the truth of the principles here set forth ; and this whether we take into account the larger number of additions to the churches, the higher type of Christian character developed, or the larger contribu­ tions toward the support of schools and churches. The history of the United Presby­ terian .Mission in Egypt, of the Presbyterian Board in Syria, the progress made in the Turkish Missions through the higher education received by native pastors and teachers at its several colleges, and especially the great work that has been accomplished so largely by native preachers in Japan, are all illustrative of the truth of the position here taken. It is true that the degree of Christian education required in order to the greatest success of our effort is determined in large measure by the characteristics of the several peoples among whom missions are established. It may be enough among a barbarous people that we should keep in advance of all other means of culture, so as to furnish leaders not only in educational institutions, but in all other departments of effort ; but among highly civilized races a much higher standard is required, and men must be prepared, in our institutions of learning, for service in many respects equal to that of foreign-born missionaries. The latter will have the advantage of past experi­ ence and the traditional usages which belong to old, enlightened nations ; but the native Higher Christian Education. x x x v

minister will have the advantage of familiarity with the wants of his own people and a command of the language which few foreigners can ever attain. The Church Mission­ ary Society of England can point with pride to native ministers of high character and worth whom it numbers in its missionary ranks on a footing of equality with those of English birth. Men who have been trained in our mission colleges in Turkey, and in the Doshisha at Kyoto, may well be regarded by our missionaries as their peers in intel­ lectual character, in consecration, in ability to do loyal work for Christ. And it is such men, educated among their own people, taking advantage of the best means of culture offered them at home, and sometimes enlarging their acquisitions and preparation by a few years of special study in our best institutions, on whom is to devolve the comple­ tion of the great work of evangelization. Another consideration is the importance of raising up men on mission ground, who, whether as preachers or laymen, shall develop a just moral standard in the great body of the people. Mr. Bryce, in his recent volumes on The American Commonwealth, notes with special interest the influence of religion on our social institutions. As a historian he recognizes the fact that morality with the sanctions of religion has hitherto been the basis of the social polity, except under military despotisms ; and that here it is the enlightened moral sentiment on which our social order depends, rather than on physical force as in Europe. It is a grave question which this author raises as to li what would befall mankind if the solid fabric of belief on which their morality has hitherto rested, or at least been deemed to rest, were suddenly to break down under the influence of new views of nature, as the ice-fields split and melt when they have floated into a warmer sea.” Notwithstanding his admiration of American institutions and of the splendid results achieved under them, he cannot but be startled by the thought of what might befall us if we should cease to believe in any power above us, in nothing in heaven or on earth but what our senses tell us of. These are by no means idle speculations. Of late years they have been coming to the front in connection with questions of Sabbath observance, and of the Bible in public schools, but on no occasion more prominently than at the recent dedication of the University of Utah. Never before in the history of this country have men of such varied character as Bishop Vincent, ex-President Hayes, General Sherman, Senator Edmunds, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and Mr. Gladstone joined in affirming the vital connection of Christianity with higher education in order to the success of our political and social institutions. If this question is one of such interest to us, what is it to the nations of the \yorld now awakening from the slumber of ages, casting off their old religious faiths, the sanctions of their old religions, and the moral restraints which they imposed? Better the moral restraints of idolatrous worship and of superstitious fears than no restraints at all, Better leave men in the ignorance and degradation of heathenism than to intro­ duce them to the vices of modern civilization without its virtues. In the large interest of the ultimate triumph of the kingdom of God it is a grave question whether anything is gained by the destruction of the old faiths, leaving men without anything to believe in, without the restraints from evil, or the hopes they had formerly cherished. The loss of the religious sentiment is the greatest loss a man can experience, whether it be in the wilds of Africa or in highly civilized Japan; and such loss ends in a moral degrada­ tion and spiritual blindness of the most helpless and hopeless character. This destruction of the old faiths and the consequent loss of the religious sentiment is the one sad fact now witnessed in an ever-increasing ratio among the unevangelized races of the world. The truth is, our civilization is in advance of our Christianity. Hundreds of men are this very hour perishing from the slave-trade and liquor traffic in Africa, and from the opium traffic in China, to one who is brought to the knowledge of xxxvi Missionary Motives.

Christ. Among the five millions of English-speaking Hindus, among the millions of Japan, eager for the last word of modern thought, and among the million and a half of university men in China, the destructive process is going on far in advance of the efforts of the Church to win men to Christ and to lay the foundations of Christian institutions. Despite all that has been done in view of the fields opening on every hand and the increased facilities of communication (to use the emphatic words of Dr. Duff), “ we are as yet but playing at missions.” The awakened thought of the world must be met. Education of some sort is soon to be had everywhere: a knowledge of nature for the uses that can be made of it; a knowledge of the arts for the convenience and comfort and pride of man; a knowledge of men to use them for selfish ends. Education here, education there, but education without God and without the revelation of his love and grace — this style of education is in demand the world over, and can only be met by the most strenuous efforts of the Christian Church to establish institutions of the highest grade and imbued with the spirit of the gospel. Only so can the religious sentiment, now liable to be lost, be saved and made the means of a new life and a new Christian civilization. We plead, therefore, in behalf of higher Christian education for the sake of pre­ serving and turning to account the religious sentiment of the peoples among whom we labor; and for the sake of a native ministry adequate in character and in numbers to meet the intellectual and spiritual wants of their countrymen and to share with missionaries in the responsibilities of establishing such Christian institutions as shall secure the success of the missionary enterprise; and in the noblest Christian sense we would say with Tennyson: —

Let knowledge grow from more to more, But more of reverence in us dwell, That mind and soul according well, May make one music as before, But vaster.

MISSIONARY MOTIVES.

BY REV. E. K. ALDEN, D.D., HOME SECRETARY.

[A Paper from the Prudential Committee, presented at the Annual Meeting o f the American Board at Minneapolis, October g, i8go.] *:■ * W h e n the question of the introduction of Christianity into the Sandwich Islands was suggested to their discoverer, a little more than one hundred years ago, it is related that Captain Cook replied substantially in these words: “ It is very unlikely that any measure of this kind will ever be seriously thought of, as it can never serve the purpose of public ambition or private avarice, and without such inducements I may pronounce that it will never be undertaken.” It has been remarked as a significant fact that it was the journal of this same Captain Cook, describing the degradation of these same Pacific Islanders, which was one of the instrumentalities used by God to kindle into a burning flame the missionary interest of William Carey. Surely it was some other motive besides “ public ambition” or “ private avarice ” which entered into the mission­ ary consecration of this remarkable man and sustained him during the long and labori­ ous years of his service in India. And when the hour arrived, seventy years ago, for the little brig Thaddeus to end her voyage of one hundred and sixty-three days and eighteen thousand miles around Cape Horn, it was a motive power as much stronger as it was nobler than “ ambition” or “ avarice1’ which glowed in the hearts of Asa Thurston and Hiram Bingham when, “ standing on the maintop under the lee of Missionary Motives. xxxvit

Hawaii,” April I, 1820, they sang together the same hymn they had sung a few months- before at their ordination at Goshen, Conn., and had repeated at their farewell service at Boston, and which now rang out for the first time among the barbarous and cannibal: islands of the Northern Pacific: —

“ Head of the Church Triumphant W e joyfully adore thee; Till thou appear Thy members here Shall sing like those in glory."

“ Public ambition ” and “ private avarice ” have been important factors in the com­ mercial adventures and in the military conquests of past centuries ; they are still mighty •forces upon the worldly arena of the times in which we live; but they are too weak, even if they were worthy of the honor, for the grandest work of these times and of all times, the subjection of this rebellious world to Jesus Christ its rightful Lord. The true motives which underlie and pervade this sublime work may, in the view of the Prudential Committee, appropriately occupy the thoughts of this Board for a little time at its present Annual Meeting. Few themes, it is believed, are more timely, more fundamental, or more animating, as related to the most efficient fulfilment of our great trust. THE SPIRIT OF CHRIST. Comprehensively considered the question before us is this: What is the impelling force which underlies and pervades the missionary activity of the Church of Christ ? And the answer, comprehensively considered, can be presented as concisely as is the question. The impelling force underlying and pervading the missionary activity of the Church of Christ is the Spirit of Christ, its living Head. Whatever moved the Lord of glory to leave his heavenly home, to be “ formed in fashion as a man,” to humble himself and become “ obedient unto death, even the death of the cross,” is what now most profoundly moves the disciple precisely to the degree in which he possesses the mind of his Lord. He will think the Lord’s thoughts after him, will be possessed by the same convictions of truth and duty, and will be impelled in the same direction. In other words, the love of God in Christ, who gave up his^only begotten Son, who gave up himself in sacrificial offering, will take control of a finite spirit and send it forth to similar service, this love continuously fed and sustained by a vital connection with its exhaustless Source. 1. Following out this thought, we look first of all for profound convictions of the sinful­ ness, the guilt, and the peril of the perishing heathen world, emphasizing the word “ sinfulness. ' 1'1 This is what we mean by “ heathenism,” by “ idolatry,” by the woe, the thraldom, the doom, resting upon and overhanging the perverse millions of the lost race of man the wide world over. It is personal, wilful, persistent sin against a holy and loving God. As described by the pen of inspiration, “ They not only do things worthy of death, but Tiave pleasure in them that do them,” not willing “ to retain God in their knowledge,” despising “ the riches of his goodness and forbearance and long-suffering.” So it was with the men of the antediluvian world; so it was during the period of the Old Testament dispensation; so it was in the time of Christ and his apostles; and so it is to-day; the same in all ages, in all lands. This is what the Son of God looked upon when he descended from his throne of light, dwelt a man of sorrows among men, and hung upon the cross, his infinitely tender and compas­ sionate heart moved to its profoundest depths. And a similar vision is in the heart of him who has “ the same mind which was in Christ Jesus,” and it will produce in him the same tender, divine compassion. xxxviii Missionary Motives.

As testified to by one of our youthful missionaries, when, on the way to her destina­ tion, she for the first time beheld the multitudes prostrating themselves beneath the dome of the mosque of St. Sophia in Constantinople, “ Oh, how did my heart weep over them in their lost and ruined state ! ” And again, when she reached her field of labor and began to see with her own eyes what heathenism was, she wrote, ‘ ‘ My heart bleeds over the wretchedness which everywhere meets my eye. Had I ten thousand lives, I would gladly give them all away to help raise these degraded ones.” And another young missionary, from another field, pours out her heart thus: “ Oh, the multitudes sinking into misery while I write! Are we not in danger of fixing our eyes upon the future prospects of the Church rather than upon souls who are perish­ ing ever)' passing hour? It is with the present generation of heathen, our brothers and sisters and neighbors, whose cries ring in our ears, that we have to do.” Similar is the word of David T. Stoddard of blessed memory: “ Life is short and souls around are perishing. Our great engrossing business ought to be the salvation of these dying men.” And another of like spirit wrote: “ Men are going down to death and crossing over into outer darkness, having no hope to gild the portals of the tomb.” It is only within a few months that one of the younger missionaries of the American Board, in replying to the question, “ What led you to decide to be a missionary?” wrote the following words : “ I could almost say, bare figures overwhelmed me ; and as I read that there were eight hundred and fifty-six millions of heathen, thirty thousand a day going to their death without Christ, I was fairly staggered, and questioned : ‘ Do we believe it?1 The matter then so presented itself to me that one of two things was necessary to be done, either to believe Satan’s old garden-of-Eden whisper, ‘ Thou shalt not surely die ;7 or else go. These were the simple factors of my call, and in my opinion there is little more to be expected in any one’s call to the mission field.” Another missionary wrote as follows, putting the figures a little lower: “ Five hundred millions of souls are represented as being unenlightened. I cannot, if I would, give up the idea of being a missionary while I reflect upon this vast number of my fellow- sinners who are perishing for lack of knowledge. ‘ Five hundred millions! ’ intrudes itself upon my mind wherever I go and however I am employed. When I go to bed, it is the last thing that occurs to my memory; if I awake in the night, it is to meditate on it alone; and in the morning it is generally the first thing that occupies my thoughts.” “ No body of men,” so wrote the Prudential Committee in one of its annual papers to the American Board thirty-eight years ago — no body of men denying this doctrine [that the heathen are involved in the ruins of the apostasy and are subjects of a deep and awful depravity] ever undertook to evangelize the dark places of the earth ; and it may well be doubted whether they ever will.

‘ The heathen perish; day by day, Thousands on thousands pass away.’ ’’

And so the same Committee writes even more seriously to-day, not forgetting that an entire generation has passed into the eternal world since the utterance of 1852. We would therefore emphasize first of all, as a motive powen- in our work, that which was the sore pressure upon the heart of our Lord and which has been laid by him upon the hearts of those who represent him for a little time on earth, the fearful present sinful­ ness with its attendant guilt and peril resting continuously upon the millions of the unevangelized world, calling forth the continuous tenderness, even the constraining love, of a divine compassion. 11. A second profound conviction now becomes dominant, namely: the super abounding provisions of divine grace for lifting this stupendous burden of sin and reconciling a fallen but redeemed world to God. This is all told in a single phrase of the great Missionary Motives. x x xix missionary apostle: “ Unto me who am less than the least of all saints, is this grace given, that I should preach among the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ.” This is the world-wide proclamation. “ He tasted death for every man.” “ He is able to save to the uttermost.” Ring out the changes as seriously as you may in the utterance of the sentence: “ There is no difference; for all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God; ” and we respond by ringing out the changes of the other sentence: “ There is no difference; for the same Lord over all is rich unto all that call upon him.” And still other emphatic missionary sentences for the world appropri­ ately follow : “ Where sin abounded grace did much more abound.” “ He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all things?” This means light, peace, life, joy, in superabundant measure provided for the five hundred millions, or the eight hundred and fifty-six millions, or the thousand millions of the perishing nations of earth. There is not a sighing after God from any soul anywhere along all the ages, in any land, which is not met in the infinite fulness of the infinitely gracious Father’s heart brooding all the time over his wayward children with ten thousand times the love of the tenderest earthly parent. And this is a blessed message to carry through the world, and fills the heart of the messenger with a divine fulness which pours itself over and around and beneath, and lifts what seems the overpowering burden of sin and its attendant woes into a joy unspeakable and full of glory. in. Add to this what is both the animating and the serious thought of a personal command, a personal trust, a personal responsibility to bear these good tidings without delay throughout the entire world, the messenger sustained by the promises of the divine presence and power from Him who has all authority, and the missionary motive for the Christian heart would seem to be well-nigh resistless. A perishing world! an all-sufficient Saviour! and now the command, the trust, the responsibility to carry the W ord of Life in the Master’s name, and with the Master’s indwelling presence and power, individually and unitedly, to the ends of the earth ! This is the sublime motive of personal duty, “ Stern daughter of the voice of G od!” beautified and illumined as loyalty to the risen and reigning Lord. This idea shines through all our missionary annals. “ I am a man under divine orders” is the one and sufficient answer to the question, “ Why are you going forth to the heathen, world?” “ I am the bearer of a sacred trust: bread for the perishing millions, all of them children of a common Father. Shall I withhold from any child his portion specially committed to me to distribute? Necessity is laid upon me: yea, woe is unto me if I preach not the good tidings! ” So testified the first missionaries who led the van in this broad aggressive movement from this Western continent fourscore years ago. So have testified many of our most faithful and devoted men all along these years; and so testify the young men and women of to-day. “ Duty calls us in the person of our divine Lord. We follow gladly whithersoever he leads.” It is a noble motive, and absolutely invincible when perpetually reinforced by the inflowing Spirit of that Lord whose own watchword was, “ My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work.” IV.

Combine these three motive forces, (i) profound convictions as to this present sinful and perishing world, the great need, (2) profound convictions as to the superabound- ing riches of divine grace in Jesus Christ, the great provision, and (3) profound con­ victions of the personal command, the personal trust, and the personal responsibility* all concentrated in loyalty to the personal, present Christ, and let these become reg­ x l Missionary Motives.

nant not merely in one disciple but in many united disciples, who are filled with the same spirit, and animated by the same purpose, recognizing special promises and special power for those who are thus agreed together, and there comes in the recognition of another sublime feet, the divine providential superintendence and co'dperaiion guiding /ill events, controlling all forces on a large scale, extending over individuals and tribes and races and centuries, emphasizing “ the gospel of the kingdom,” including genera­ tions and ages as well as individual souls, attesting that the Lord of that kingdom is “ Head over all things to the church.” Now comes in the spirit of sanctified Christian enterprise, enthusiasm in its noblest sense, all which animates in the fellowship of associated companies, the movement of vast armies, identity with a great campaign, assured successes multiplying as the years roll on, power over far-reaching, world-wide movements, every member of the host permitted to feel the thrill of the advance of the whole body in spite of temporary and local disasters, the magnificent missionary trend of the times preparing for something still broader in the future. It is an animat­ ing power, drawing us together and sending us forth unitedly on this great conquest of the world to Christ in our own time. In the sermon preached before the American Board at its Fourth Annual Meeting, September 16, 1813, when tidings had but just been received from the first missionary venture sent forth from Salem seven months before, the preacher, President Dwight of Yale, closes his discourse with a vision of the future when the day of the Lord’s resurrection shall be commemorated around the world. “ How astonished must the earth be, how delighted the heavens to behold the Sabbath dawn with serenity and peace upon Japan, and, moving slowly and solemnly round this great world, shed its evening lustre upon California, and see the earth one vast altar and the sky one mag­ nificent temple of Jehovah.” What words are these for us to read to-day as we picture to ourselves what has transpired under the marching orders of the great Commander during these threescore and seventeen years. Then the great Pacific separated Cali­ fornia and Japan, while all the intervening groups of islands were omitted from the picture. Our missionary Sabbath-sunrise we should first look for from the very centre of these island groups, in Micronesia, and then should move on to what a changed Japan and China and India and Turkey and Africa and Europe, across the Atlantic to this new and most wonderful world of all, over this great northwest to the Golden Gate, and then beyond to the Hawaiian Islands, until we complete the circuit as another day dawns over Kusaie and Ponape and the grave of Robert W. Logan in the lagoon of Ruk. If we are not stirred to the inmost depths of our souls by the thought of being permitted to be identified during our brief earthly lives with this mighty current of the Lord’s advancing kingdom, sweeping on to the final conquest of the world for his glory, what can move us ?

v. And this feeling may be intensified by emergencies o f the hour, or the place, or the person. We perceive to-day that all is concentrating for the time at certain strategic points. It is the hour of opportunity, it is the hour of destiny, for a race, for a nation, for particular peoples; it is the culmination of many events; it is the critical moment as to securing the results of the labors of past years, or the decisive hour as to years to come; it is a momentous juncture and the question to be decided is a question of fidelity to trust or betrayal of trust which will make or mar the work of a century. This thought of the emergency of the hour intensifies every other motive. The Master knew it as he pressed forward on that last journey from Galilee toward what he dis­ tinctly saw before him, the cross; the great apostle to the Gentiles knew it as in mid­ career he cried, “ Behold, I go bound in the spirit unto Jerusalem, not knowing the things that shall befall me there;” and, “ I must also see Rome;” the far-seeing Missionary Motives. xli

founders and early missionaries of our own American Board knew it, one of them exclaiming as she drew near to the end of her life, “ God’s kingdom seems more glorious than anything else ; ” and many since along the way have known it, as their earnest words testify. Some know it, we believe, to-day, and a great company of elect young men and women surrendering themselves in early years in these favorable times to the broad missionary endeavor are yet to know it in larger measure and more effective power than any previous generation. We thank God that it is beginning at length to be acknowledged as a fundamental fact to be emphasized at the very dawn of the Christian life that “ the missionary enterprise,” as it has been concisely stated, “ is not a mere aspect or phase of Christianity, but is Christianity itself.”

VI.

Now bring in the personal relations to the personal Lord which are individiial and pi'ivate — something more significant than what is usually meant by loyalty to Christ as Leader and Commander, precious and powerful as this may be, something which is ordinarily known in its most influential form only after years of varied experience in the service — an abiding fellowship with the Master, not only in work, but also in stiffering and self-sacrifice, “ filling up that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ,” and the missionary power is multiplied in a manner which is sometimes simply marvelous, even the more marvelous because it is so silent in its inward life. This is something in rela­ tion to which missionary workers will more readily testify as to others than to them­ selves. Indeed, it is not a matter to be often spoken of at all; and yet each one may know it in some measure as his personal secret with Christ. “ If there be any place on the missionary field specially difficult and solitary, where no one else will go, send me to that place,” was the request of a young man more than thirty-six years ago, when he first offered himself to the American Board for the great missionary work. He was sent to one of the loneliest islands of Micronesia, where his living, loving, personal fellowship, in solitude with the Lord Jesus Christ during eventful and sometimes exceedingly trying years, made him one of our most joyous missionaries until he closed his eyes on earth a few months ago, having written in his journal among his latest words in an hour of extreme peril, “ All God’s days are fragrant with rich blessings ; but these times seem unusually full of the aroma of heaven." And now with assured confidence we enroll among the stars which shine in the Master’s Northern Pacific crown, in fellowship with Asa Thurston and Titus Coan, with Benjamin G. Snow and Albert WT. Sturges and Robert W. Logan, the name of Edward T. Doane. One of the missionary candidates who was appointed during the past year had given herself, as she supposed, to this same lonely and difficult Micronesian service, and she yielded to what seemed to be a specially urgent call to an exceedingly interesting work in Japan a little reluctantly at first, because, as she said, the latter seemed to her too interesting and too pleasant a field. And we have on file at thé Missionary Rooms her touching request that, should trying circumstances hereafter upon the Micronesian Islands call for her removal thither, she may be permitted promptly to respond to the summons and be transferred to what seems to her the more isolated and self-denying service. That peculiarly personal fellowship with the Master, even with his solitude and afflictions, which attracts this consecrated missionary disciple, she will find, we believe, in Japan as truly as she would have found it in Micronesia; for such experi­ ences are confined to no particular locality, but may be known, by those for whom this honor is reserved, wherever the Master himself may appoint. Moreover, it is permitted to the young missionary disciple, and to the older as well, to remember that this per­ sonal, private fellowship with the Lord may be a fellowship not only of suffering but of joy, making the Mount of Transfiguration as sacred as the Garden of Gethsemane. xlii The Missionary Outlook.

vn . For the supreme thought of such a disciple, profoundly impressed (i) with the exceeding sinfulness of sin which holds men under its wretched bondage, (2) with the rich provisions of divine redemptive grace, (3) with a sense of personal obligation and personal responsibility, (4) with the great onward movement of the kingdom of God, (5) with the stress and urgency of the hour of opportunity or of peril, and (6) with the sweet sense of personal private fellowship both of suffering and of joy with the Lord, accumulates, culminates, and concentrates in a thought which almost excludes self from the mind, the ultimate divine glory and blessedness when He who was the Source and Inspiration of that missionary life which has been breathed by him into the human instruments, shall himself “ see of the travail of his soul and shall be s a t i s f i e d This is the sublime attraction drawing us with a resistless and almost fas­ cinating power: the Master’s final coming, the New Jerusalem descending from God out of heaven, the gathering of the ten thousand times ten thousand and thousands of thousands out of every nation and kindred and people and tongue — and the Lord himself satisfied. Would that this motive, growing in intensity as the years roll on, might so burn and glow within us that it would consume every inferior and unworthy thought and make us as individuals, as churches, and as a united body, a flame of fire, even the fire of the Spirit of God, illuminating and purifying the world! Then would the grateful, gener­ ous offerings of Christian hearts be quickly changed from hundreds to thousands, and an annual million to the American Board from its constituency of nearly half a million professed disciples of Christ, an average to each of four cents a week, would not be regarded as an extravagant sum: instead of five thousand missionary volunteers, out of an evangelical church-membership in our land of over ten millions, an average of one in two thousand, we should be ashamed of anything less than twice that number; and the great forward missionary' movement of our day, in its aggressive, resistless force, would be recognized as an overwhelming army-movement gathering into itself every other noble enterprise, the only permanent salvation of our own country included, all to the glory of Him who is first, midst, and last, the one supreme missionary motive-power for all lands and for all the ages. May God hasten it in his time!

THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK.

BY REV. JUDSON SMITH, D.D., FOREIGN SECRETARY.

[A Paper from the Prudential Committee, presented at the Annual Meeting o f the American Board at Minneapolis, October q, i8qo.\

Two conditions at least are essential to successful warfare. In the first place there must be courage, strength, address, and persistence, the qualities of the true and veteran soldier. There must also be foresight, a comprehensive view of the whole movement, skilful combination and quick generalization, the qualities of the captain and great commander. Neither avails much without the other; but together they are resistless and carry the day. The foreign missionary enterprise of our times is a campaign of most varied and complex character, on a colossal scale, that embraces the nations of the earth and sweeps the centuries in its sublime developments. It is wholly in place, therefore, to study it under the analogy of warfare, and to call attention, as the occasion may serve, to limited portions of the field, to particular agencies and methods, and again to cast the eye in a wider view over the salient features, the more commanding aspects and The Missionary Outlook. x liii main incidents of the movement as a whole. For the full enlistment of feeling and purpose both lines of study are needful. The examination of particular fields, methods, and agencies yields a vivid sense of reality, and kindles personal interest; while the broader view deepens faith and braces the will and lifts up the soul to the vision and support of God’s mighty thoughts which run through all the nations and move on to their completion

“ While the eternal ages watch and wait.”

At this time we take the wider view, and seek an outlook over the whole field at home and abroad. Much that is familiar will be found, some well-worn paths will be trod afresh; but doubtless something beyond the common view will also come to sight, some rare inspiring glimpse of that unseen, pervasive Spirit which moves through all, encompasses all, inspires and glorifies all. It will surely not be in vain if we come back from our Pisgah with deepened sense of the grandeur of this work, and with profounder joy that unto us is given a real share in this master-movement of the ages, the advancing and triumphant kingdom of our God. I. We note first some of the signs which appear in the foreign field. I. Christianity is coming to be the dominant religion of the world. This is its character and destination, as the Scriptures everywhere distinctly teach. No narrower view will satisfy our Master’s precept or fill out his promise. The history of the Church reveals a perpetual movement toward this end, the implicit recognition among the Christian generations that their faith and salvation are to overspread the earth and possess all nations. The practical accomplishment of this aim is the explicit purpose and animating motive of modern missions. But the peculiarity we now consider is the fact that already, in a degree unknown before, Christianity is attaining its object and asserting its rightful place in the thoughts of men. Statistics disclose the fact that the adherents of Christianity already out­ number those of any other religious faith on the globe. The nominally Christian peoples of the world are reckoned at 450,000,000, while the Buddhists, who come nearest in point of numbers, are only 390,000,000. This alone is a most significant fact. But the supremacy of the gospel of which we speak includes much more than mere numerical superiority. The leading powers of the world to-day are England, Germany, and the United States; all of them Christian states, their life permeated with Chris­ tian thought and sentiment, their history and institutions and policy controlled by Christian ideas. Wherever their influence is felt, wherever their colonies or commerce or national life are found, there Christianity stands forth the acknowledged, I had almost said the embodied, religious faith. England’s empire, girdling the world, is the wonder of the present age, and almost every year witnesses its enrichment and expansion. By the recent treaties with other powers some of the richest and most populous parts of Africa, themselves the natural seats of empire, have been added to the already world-wide dominions of the English crown. Germany is swiftly following in the same steps, and within a decade has planted itself on the east and west coasts of Africa, among the islands of the Pacific, and is ever planning still further enlarge­ ment. The United States is the acknowledged leading power on the Western Conti­ nent, and is at this very time entering into closer and more influential relations with all the other American nations. The public opinion of the civilized world, the shaping of the future on all the continents and islands of the earth, in God’s providence, is mainly committed to these peoples. The significance of this fact, and its bearings on the dominance of the Christian faith throughout the world, are too plain to be ignored. Let a single fact, the growing prevalence of the English tongue, illustrate what is here suggested. For the 6,000,000 who spoke English in Milton’s day there are now at xliv The Missionary Otitlook.

least 100,000,000 to whom it is either the mother-tongue or the common language of daily intercourse. No other tongue is known in so many parts of the globe, or is extending its area like this. Among the influences that are working the regeneration of British India none is so deep or reaches so powerful a hand into the future as Christian truth and life. It is politicians and statesmen, native as well as foreign, who see and confess the fact. Christianity, and not Brahmanism or Hinduism, is the rising faith of the mighty empire. In Japan, under circumstances all its own, the same transformation is taking place with almost unexampled rapidity. Christ, and not Confucius or Buddha, sways the sceptre of religious empire there. Southern Africa, under English colonial influence and missionary laborers from many lands, is as thoroughly Christian to-day as England was in the days of Alfred the Great. And in spite of what is said of the rapid spread of Islam, it scarcely admits of question that the substantial gains of Christianity within the Congo Free State and the spheres of English and German influence fully equal those of Mohammedanism in those and other parts. Australia is under no other religious influence that for a moment compares with that which Christianity exerts. It is too much to say that the gospel has yet taken any such possession of Chinese thought and life as to threaten the early displacement of Confucianism or Buddhism ; but it is speaking quite within bounds to say that Christianity is the only faith that is growing and aggressive within the empire, and that the process is already begun which in due time will lead to its universal supremacy. The native converts have almost trebled within thirteen years. The Scriptures are widely circulated, and are speaking to the nation in their own tongue, wherein they were bom, the wonderful works of God. It is inspiring to note the noble part which the nations of Europe are taking in opening and developing the mighty continent of Africa. And it is as significant as it is inspiring. There is nothing like it in all the previous history of the world. The great powers of the world, which are great because they are Christian, arrange by treaty and conference and diplomacy the distribution of influence throughout that vast and populous domain. Such questions in past ages were submitted to the dread arbitra­ ment of the sword. That peaceful conference now suffices is due to that subtle, choice fruit of the ages which we call civilization, whose only seat is in the Christian nations, and whose main source and strength are in the gospel of Jesus Christ. This fact is of far wider significance than is measured by its bearings on Africa alone; it denotes a new era in the development of mankind, the dawn of a nobler style of human life than has thus far appeared. Christianity is mounting to an unrivaled supremacy in the world’s affairs, and the fact we here contemplate sets this forth as in a mirror, and compels the acknowledgment of every mind. The prophecy of Milton in his poem of the Nativity is growing into solid fact before our very eyes : the gods of the nations and the false faiths of the earth shroud their faces and flee away at the glorious advent of the Son of God, the world’s Redeemer and everlasting King. 2. A second feet of wide reach and special significance is the growing ease of com­ munication between all parts of the world. Time was when the remoter counties in England were as far apart in point of time as Europe and America are to-day ; when a voyage across the Atlantic was as formidable an undertaking as it is now to make the cir­ cuit of the globe. But with the introduction of steamships and railways, and the constant improvements in machinery, with the network of telegraph lines covering the great continents, and sunk beneath the seas, and binding all parts of the world into the circuits of swift intelligence, space and time are almost annihilated, the continents are near neighbors, and even the islands of the sea have lost their isolation and form a part of the closely linked system of the world. The message of Queen Victoria upon the opening of a new parliament appears in the daily press of Europe, America, and Australia, while its echoes still linger in the chamber of the peers. Every morning at The Missionary Outlook. xlv the breakfast-table we read of the movements of yesterday in the great capitals of the world, of events at Zanzibar, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Sydney. Letters reach Boston from Turkey in eleven days, from India and Japan in twenty-five days, from China and South Africa in forty days. The ends of the earth are thus brought together; the effect of near neighborhood is thus increasingly realized, in better acquaintance, truer appreciation, kindlier sentiments, and a deepening sense of mutual duty among the nations. The world is one, its inhabitants are one race, its nations kindred, its hopes and fortunes one. Travel and commerce feel the impulse of this widening circle of human life; the civilization of the foremost nations tends to spread itself far and near; common interests grow up to bind nations and peoples into a living unity. The vision of England’s great Laureate is fulfilling itself in the events of the times : —

Till the war-drum throb no longer, and the battle-flags are furled, In the Parliament of man, the Federation of the world.

And the kindly earth shall slumber, lapped in universal law.

All this tells with direct and powerful effect upon the work of missions; the most precious treasure in the world’s exchange is the Word of God; the costliest gift is the life of Christian faith; the swiftest messenger is he “ that bringeth good tidings of good, that publisheth salvation.” There never was a day when a life of Christian devotion could make itself felt so far and so powerfully upon its own contemporaries. Think of the seven long months required by the first missionaries of the Board to reach India, and the five months’ voyage of the pioneers to the Sandwich Islands, and the slow communication between them in those far-off regions and the missionary rooms at home ; and consider what it means that in our day the life and thought of the Chris­ tian world may flow almost without obstruction or delay through the most distant portions of the globe. What a challenge to our zeal! What a mighty stimulus to our endeavor ! The prophetic cry leaps to our lips : “ Arise, shine, for thy light is come ; and the glory of the Lord is risen upon thee ! ” 3. Closely connected with this striking fact is another, often mentioned but which cannot be too often commented on, namely, that, with only here and there an excep­ tion the one thousand million unevangelized peoples of the -world are accessible to the gospel and its messengers. Corresponding to the quickening of communication by steam and electricity has come the breaking-down, on a grand scale, of internal bar­ riers, of the hostility of princes and governments, of the prejudice of peoples, the strength of foreign customs and alien faiths. Turkey, Persia, British India, China, Japan, the continent of Africa on all its coasts and in its deep interior, the islands of the sea, the nations of unevangelized America, all are accessible; the gospel may be preached and the Church organized and a Christian civilization inaugurated without question and without delay. Even those regions which hitherto have seemed inaccess­ ible, like the Soudan and Tibet, are steadily losing their isolation and drifting out into the open sea of human knowledge and unrestricted intercourse. Never before since the dispersion of the nations from the plains of Shinar have all the diverse elements of the human race come so near to each other or been accessible as they now are to the truth and grace of the living God. The feet here stated is most impressive in itself. Taken in connection with other facts of the times it seems almost to become articulate in the testimony it gives to the presence and gracious purposes of God. Such oppor­ tunities as are thus presented to the Christian world of to-day have never been known before, and they make an appeal for effort and devotion which is simply overwhelming and resistless. 4. We next consider the success of modern missions. An enterprise like this, that xlvi The Missionary Outlook. aims at the conquest of the whole world to Jesus Christ, cannot be carried to com­ pletion in one generation or in one country. The changes it proposes are too radical and sweeping; the opposition it encounters is too deep and inveterate; the field in which it operates is too vast to admit of anything but a gradually increasing change and growth. But measured by any proper standards the success of modern missions is simply amazing and wholly without a parallel in Christian history save in the apos­ tolic age. For a single indirect proof look at the changed tone of secular remark and comment within the last fifty years. Then missions were almost totally ignored by the secular press ; and if mentioned at all it was to point a sarcasm or emphasize a sneer. To-day it is no longer good form for the secular press either to overlook or to discredit the mis­ sionaries or their work. The fashion rather is to applaud their worth and the value of their work, and to draw from these sources the means of instructing the general public in important facts and of enlarging the circle of human knowledge. Now such a change denotes, not the regeneration of editors and reporters, but the unanswerable success and dignity of the missionary work. Nothing but overpowering proofs of the success of this work could avail thus to change contempt to respect, and silence or sneers into open praise. Similar to this is the testimony repeatedly borne by men in civil life in India and China and Turkey to the wholesome influences accompanying the missionary work, the invaluable support thus given to law and order and thrift, to domestic and to public virtue. Additional weight is given to this testimony when we recall that, in not a few instances, it comes from men not predisposed to judge favorably of aggressive Christian work, not moving in circles accustomed to speak of missionaries with love or praise. Nothing but the plain undeniable facts in the case could work such conviction or call out such commendation. But we may well point to some of the facts which reveal the majestic power and precious fruits of the gospel on heathen soil. At the World’s Missionary Conference in London, of 1888, there stood up on one occasion a veteran of the Wesleyan Mission to the Fiji Islands, and in simple words told his marvelous story. Fifty years before he went to those islands to find the whole population sunk in gross idolatry and bar­ barism, given over to cannibalism, the dread of all mariners, the despair of the human race. He came to London to speak of those same islands as Christianized, the people all recovered from their former vices and degradation, and now well clothed, well housed, thrifty, industrious, sober, attending divine worship every Lord’s day in greater proportion to their whole number than is true in the most favored localities in New England, giving of their substance to religious objects beyond all precedents in Chris­ tian lands. What a transformation! And it is due solely to Christian missions. It is an absolute refutation of all that has ever been said about the failure of missions. If there were nothing to show for the hundred years of missions but this, it would be an unanswerable proof of their success. But there is much to show besides this. The Hawaiian Islands, everywhere recog­ nized now as a Christian nation, seventy years since were sunk to almost as low a pitch of degradation as the Fiji Islands. And it is not commerce, nor diplomacy, nor educa­ tion that has wrought the change. It is the gospel of Jesus Christ and the labors of the Christian missionary. The Society Islands tell the same tale. The Samoan Islands repeat the history and renew the wonder. Madagascar shines in the same light, revealing the power and reality of the Christian transformation. Japan is in the same moral furnace and discloses the same celestial power at work. And all through India and China, in Burma and Siam, in Persia and Turkey, in many parts of Africa, this re-creation of man, of domestic life, of the nation, and of human society, in the image of God, moves forward from its hopeful beginnings to its glorious and consum­ mate end. In all these regions the Christian Church is rising, the Bible is speaking its The Missionary Outlook. xlvii

heavenly messages in the native tongues ; mission schools are training men and women for Christian life and work in homes and churches, and the silent leaven of the godly life of missionary and native believer is permeating society and preparing the elements of noble manners, purer laws, and a Christian civilization. Three million adherents distributed through all the great nations and at strategic points; the Bible translated into 300 different languages or dialects; 100,000 picked youths in the higher mission schools; 400,000 under Christian education, — these are a few of the facts which sug­ gest the steady and grand advance this work is recording But even more impressive than all such statistics is the rate of growth from year to year. In some countries converts and pupils are doubling every other year; in slow- moving China they are doubling every five years. The movement is already of grand proportions; but it is only at its beginning. It gathers strength and breadth and momentum every year. The blessing of God is upon the workmen and upon their work; no weapon that is formed against them can permanently prosper. What considerations could awaken a livelier hope or more robust enthusiasm than the simple record of this modern missionary work? Beginning in weakness, without observation, contending against tremendous obstacles at home and abroad, with no lure to ambition or pride, with no support from numbers or public opinion, steadily winning its way till its stations have been planted on wellnigh every con­ tinent and island of the earth, till its achievements have wrung recognition and applause from reluctant lips and pens the wide world over; there is no more fascinat­ ing story of real life during all the centuries since the gospel first began to speak to men. It is the open record of God’s presence in the earth and of his unfailing purpose to give to his adorable Son “ the heathen for his inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for his possession.” II. Thus far we have looked abroad for the signs of the times. But it is equally in place to survey the facts here at home. There the work is attempted, there the strenu­ ous patient toil is rendered, there the advance is made and the victories are won. Here the work is planned, here it is supported by prayer and gifts and loyal hearts, here it is reinforced and its aggressive power enlarged. Important as are the facts we have been considering, they do not stand alone but are joined in a vital unity with other facts immediately about us here in Christian lands. 1. We first consider the question of means. The income of the several foreign missionary societies of the times increases steadily from year to year. Beginning with less than $1,000 for its first yearly receipts the American Board now reports above $600,000. The total sum expended yearly upon the foreign field by Protestant Chris­ tendom amounts to about Si 1,000,000. This growth, however cheering, does by no means measure the financial ability of the churches. The wealth that is so rapidly ac­ cumulating in our land comes in fair proportion to the members of Christian churches; and were the necessity seen and felt the sums at command for this foreign work could be doubled or even quadrupled at once. Doubtless this vast increase of wealth is a providential preparation for the sublime opportunity that greets us in every unevangel­ ized portion of the globe. Many another noble end this wealth in Christian hands will serve, and its priceless fruits shall enhance the glory of our Christian civilization in many forms; but its noblest use must be to spread Christ’s gospel to new regions and to build his kingdom in a thousand spots amid the ruins of Satan’s power. Happily we may already see these results in some degree; great fortunes bestowed to forward these grander movements of the age; the great gifts of an Otis, a Swett, and a Hand are sure to be repeated; while the privilege of bearing a personal share in the world’s evangelization, even by the bestowment of the smallest sums, will be more widely appreciated and more heartily chosen. To have the power to make these gifts, and thus lift a struggling enterprise to its feet, and preach the gospel to thousands and xlviii The Missionary Outlook.

millions now unreached — what an honor is it ! what a privilege to use it for the glory of God and the salvation of men ! 2. We next consider the supply of laborers for the foreign field. This is a funda­ mental inquiry, since above all other human agencies concerned in the spread of the gospel, the living preacher and teacher is the most indispensable and precious. It is true that the number required can never be absolutely great. The very aim and method of missions forbid this. The foreign laborer seeks at the earliest possible date to render himself needless to the work by raising up a competent native force into whose hands the work, in all its departments, may pass. The missionary, in this sense, fulfils to the native pastor the office of John the Baptist to our Lord: “ He must increase, but I must decrease.” Thus, of necessity, the demand for missionaries is a limited demand. But we hasten to say that the limit in every field is still far, far beyond anything that has yet been reached. Scarcely 6.000 laborers all told, men and women, represent all the societies of Protestant Christendom on the foreign field to-day. Not a call that comes to the Foreign Boards for reinforcements exceeds the need that is obvious and urgent. The force now employed might be doubled twice over without meeting the real need. The great Shanghai Conference of May last, speaking in the name of all the evangelical missions now in China, and in view of the measureless opportunities of that field, deliberately appeals to the Christian nations to send 1,000 new men to that empire within the next five years. No man who knows the facts will accuse them of exaggeration. Africa's need is to the full as great as that of China, and would be instantly voiced by the missionaries there if they could speak together. In view of such calls, and we have only begun the list, how striking is the fact, which every one must concede, that the Christian nations are able to send out a devoted and well-trained man in answer to every call, and still have thousands more to spare. Our colleges and higher seminaries for men and women, our theological schools, are multiplying year by year and are filled to overflowing with the choicest youth the sun ever shone upon. By the thousands they leave these schools every year to enter the paths of duty and service which God appoints. Never did such opportunities greet the educated and foremost youth of the world. Not when Plato taught in the Academy and made Greece strong with wise men and brave; not when Julius Caesar annexed Gaul to Rome and Europe to civilization, and opened a splendid career to fame and power for thousands of Rome’s noblest sons ; not even when Paul crossed the JEgean in obedience to the heavenly vision to add a continent to the Christian Church, and led young Timothy and Silas to those great exploits at Thessalonica and Berea, at Corinth and at Athens. A grander service, on a wider arena, reaching on to vaster and more remote results, to-day awaits our noble youth in Turkey and India, in the mightiest empires of the Orient, in the vast continent of Africa. And the appeal is felt, the inspiration of a splendid service is caught, and the response of heroic devotion is not slow to follow. We are told that already more than 5,000 youth have given their sacred pledge to enter this field of glorious service as Providence shall open the way; and the hearts of other thousands are rising within them at the call of God. Few things are found more inspiring in Christian annals than this serious, deliberate espousal of the foreign missionary work by the young men and women of highest culture and promise in the length and breadth of the land. It gives us all the enthusiasm and glow of the mediaeval Crusades, with no touch of their fanaticism, and with an aim lifted infinitely above that in scope and moral significance. Doubtless not all who are pledged will go. Doubtless also not all who will go are pledged. But, notwithstanding all, this movement is of God, and touches the deeper springs of character, and has its obvious significance as a providential preparation for the day of greater things which is dawning on every mission field around the globe. 3. The Christian Church is committed to this work as it has never been before. At The Missionary Outlook. xlix

the London Conference of 1888, 141 societies were reported, representing nearly every Protestant communion in the world. No body of Christians deems itself fully abreast of its duty and opportunity that has not its representatives in the foreign field. To such a degree is this the fact that even those bodies which are less evangelical, the Universalists and the Unitarians, are beginning to awake to the privileges of this work and to send their men abroad. More and more is it seen and felt that the evangeliza­ tion of the world is the supreme aim and highest achievement of the Christian Church, and that a personal share in this service does not belong simply to the few men and women who are in the field but is a vital and indispensable part of all Christian life and service. The progress in this respect, since the work began, is most striking: probably in no single feature has the century witnessed a more impressive transfor­ mation in the temper and aims of the Church. Certainly no single condition is so intimately connected with the growth and power of the missionary work of the age. More fundamental than all questions of money and of men is the spirit of the Church. If the tone of Christian life answers to the calls of the hour, and deepens throughout the churches and schools and homes of the land, and falls into closer harmony with the Word and the Spirit of God, the last and supreme condition of success will be met and the future of this vast work will be assured. Missionaries share the life and sentiments of their lands and times; the stream of gospel truth and influence which flows from them abroad can rise no higher than its fountain-head. There is no charm in missionary service itself to lift a man out of his times and surroundings. It is the piety of our homes and schools which the missionaries we send will take and exhibit upon the foreign field. It is the consecration which we possess that they will reveal. It is our habitual ideals which will shape their life and toils. It is in vain to look for results on mission ground greatly different from those which exist at home. If we wish to see a fervent, evangelical, self-denying, heroic, patient, and aggressive Chris­ tian life rising in China and India and Africa, there is no choice: we must cherish such a life at home and make it the inspiring background of the missionaries’ toil. Money, favoring providences, laborers, all other things, are vain if the Christian spirit be worldly or weak. If heathenism be ever overcome and the gospel made to take its place, the Christian world, as one organic whole, must do it. We who stay at home are as really concerned in the success of this work as they who go abroad; and it will languish when we faint; it will fail when our faith fails; it will grow when we bear it on our hearts ; it will move forward resistlessly to glorious success when we throw our­ selves into it as we did into the war for the Union, reckless of cost, of strength, of time, and of life itself. • When the hour drew near that our Lord was to be offered up, he went apart from the multitude, and from his disciples also, and in. solitary communion with the Father gathered the strength with which he bore the insult and cruel wrongs and speechless agony of the betrayal, the desertion, the cross itself, through which a world's redemp­ tion was won. In the secret places of prayer and heavenly communion the Church of our Lord must in like manner gather the spiritual power in which it shall go forth to win to his obedience the nations whom he has redeemed. ANNUAL REPORT.

1889-90.

REPORT

OF TH E PRUDENTIAL COMMITTEE.

HOME DEPARTMENT.

NECROI-OGY. We are called upon at the beginning of our report to record the names of fourteen of the Corporate Members of the Board who have deceased during the past year. Their names, in the order of their election, are as follows:

George B. Cheever, d .d ., of New Jersey, elected in 1855 j Jacob M. Schermer- hom, Esq., of New York, elected in 1855 ; Hon. George W. Nesmith, of New Hampshire, elected in i860 ; James B. Shaw, d.d., of New York, elected in 1862 ; Ezra Farnsworth, Esq., of Massachusetts, elected in 1868, for twenty-one years a member of the Prudential Committee ; William W. Patton, d.d., of the District of Columbia, elected in 1869 ; James S. Hoyt, d.d., of Iowa, elected in 1873; Joseph C. Tyler, Esq., of Massachusetts, elected in 1873 j Hon. Frederick Billings, of Vermont, elected in 1876; Israel E. Dwinell, d.d., of California, elected in 1876 ; Joseph Ward, d.d., of South Dakota, elected in 1877; Caleb F. Gates, Esq., of Illinois, elected in 1881 ; Hon. Edward S. Jones, of Minne­ sota, elected in 1883; Francis B. Knowles, Esq., of Massachusetts, elected in 1889. To this list we add the name of one not previously recorded, who passed away during the preceding year, Hon. Samuel Miller, of Connecticut, elected in 1863. Mention should also be made of the decease during the year of Jonathan

F. Stearns, d .d ., of New Jersey, elected in 1852, who resigned his membership in

1870; of John J. Carruthers, d .d ., of Maine, elected in 1864, who resigned in 1885 ; and of Hon. W. W. Hoppin, of Rhode Island, elected in 1884, who resigned in 1887. The following minutes, in relation first to the resignation, and second to the decease, of Mr. Farnsworth, were unanimously adopted by the Committee : — October 22, 1889. — The health of our former associate, Mr. Ezra Farnsworth, hav­ ing obliged him to relinquish attendance upon the meetings of this Committee, and his official connection with us having, in consequence, ceased, we hereby unite in an ex­ pression of deep regret. His presence, uniformly punctual for twenty-one years, his counsel and cooperation, as well as generous benefactions, have commanded our warm regard. His retirement from this official circle will in no wise withdraw him from our personal esteem. A grateful remembrance of valuable services and of gratifying asso­ ciation will be cherished by all at this Board. July 22, 1890. — The Prudential Committee desires to place on record its deep sense of the loss sustained by the American Board and the Christian Church in the death of our friend and recent colleague, Ezra Farnsworth ; its warm appreciation of his long and 4 Home Department. [Report,

faithful service, and its earnest desire and prayer that his example may be the means of stimulating many others to be like-minded, and to follow him as he followed Christ.

REINFORCEMENTS. In announcing, in the last Annual Report, the reinforcements for the year then under review, fifty-two missionaries and assistant missionaries, it was stated that this was a larger number than had been sent out during any one year for over half a century; twenty-two more than the annual average for sixteen years. We are now permitted to announce as the record of the past year an addition to our missionary roll of a still larger number, fifty-four : sixteen missionaries and thirty- eight assistant missionaries; eighteen men, one of whom is a physician, and thirty-six women. Their names and places of designation are as follows : — For the Zulu Mission: Rev. James C. Dorward, Mrs. Florence A. Dorward, Rev. Charles N. Ransom, Mrs. Susan H. Ransom. For East Central Africa: Rev. John D. Bennett, Mrs. Hattie F. Bennett.

For West Central Africa: Charles F. Clowe, m .d ., Mrs. Mary L. Clowe, Miss Minnehaha A. Clarke. For European Turkey: Miss Mary M. Haskell. For Western Turkey: Rev. George E. White, Mrs. Esther B. White, Miss Cornelia S. Bartlett, Miss Lydia A. Gile, Miss Anna B. Jones, Miss Johanna Zim m er. For Central Turkey: Miss Ida Mellinger, Miss Mary G. Webb. For Eastern Turkey: Rev. Frederic D. Greene, Mrs. Sarah A. Greene, Rev. George P. Knapp, Mrs. Anna J. Knapp, Rev. Frederic W. Macallum, Mrs. Henrietta M. Macallum. For Marathi Mission: Rev. Corliss W. Lay, Mrs. Lilian B. Lay, Miss Jean P . Gordon, Miss Belle Nugent. For Madura Mission: Rev. Franklin E. Jeffery, Mrs. Capitola M. Jeffery, UMiss Bessie B. Noyes. For Hong Kong Mission : Rev. John R. Taylor, Mrs. Lillian L. Taylor. For North China: Rev. Elwood G. Tewksbury, Mrs. Grace H. Tewksbury, Mrs. Annie L. Kingman, Miss Nellie N. Russell. For Shansi: Miss Rowena Bird, Miss Tinnie D ’Etta Hewitt. F o r f a p a n : Rev. Claudius M. Severance, Rev. Schuyler S. White, Mr. Arthur T. Hill, Mrs. Louise E. Hill, Miss Caroline M. Telford. For Northern fapan : Rev. William L. Curtis, Mrs. Gertrude A. Curtis, Miss Clara L. Brown, Miss Elizabeth Torrey. For Micronesia : Rev. Irving M. Channon, Mrs. Mary L. Channon, Miss Ida C. Foss, Miss Jessie R. Hoppin, Miss Rose M. Kinney. For Northern M exico: Rev. Otis C. Olds. These fifty-four new recruits are from the following sources : one from New Hampshire, one from Vermont, one from Michigan, one from Missouri, one from Nebraska, one from Alabama, one from Louisiana, one from Texas; two from Wisconsin, two from Minnesota, two from Iowa, two from Kansas, two from Great Britain ; three from Connecticut, three from New York, three from Ohio ; four from Canada; six from Illinois; eight are children of missionaries; nine from Massachusetts. 1890.] Home Department. 5

The fifteen ordained missionaries were graduated from the following theologi­ cal seminaries : one from the Pacific at Oakland, one from the Kansas Free Methodist Conference ; two from Hartford ; three from Oberlin ; four from C hicago ; four from Yale. It is also worthy of record that our oldest university, Harvard, the motto of whose seal is “ Christo et Ecclesiæ ” and which gave to the American Board one of the members of the first missionary company ordained in 1812, but during the seventy-seven years which followed added only three to this number, only one of whom is now in active service, has again come to the front, and given us during the past year another three, one for Turkey, one for China, and one for Japan, one fifth of our additional ordained force for the year. May this be significant of what shall continue during years to come ! There have returned to their field of labor, or are now on the way after tem­ porary rest in this country, twenty-four missionaries and assistant missionaries, whose names are as follows : Rev. Lyman Bartlett, Mrs. Cornelia C. Bartlett,

Rev. George F. Herrick, d .d ., Mr. William W. Peet, Mrs. Martha H. Peet, Mrs. Fannie M. Newell, to Western Turkey; Rev. Lucien H. Adams and Mrs. Nancy D. Adams (who were reappointed after a few years’ stay in this country on account of ill-health), Mrs. Carmeliie B. Christie, to Central Turkey ; Rev. James Smith, Mrs. Maud Smith, to the Marathi Mission; Rev. Edward Chester, m .d., Mrs. Sophia Chester, to M adu ra ; Mrs. Sarah L. Woodin, to the Foochow Mission ;

Rev. Henry D. Porter, m .d ., Mrs. Elizabeth C. Porter, to North China; Miss

Fannie A. Gardner, to Japan ; Rev. Daniel C. Greene, d .d ., Mrs. Mary J. Greene, to Northern Japan; Rev. Frank E. Rand, Mrs. Carrie T. Rand, Rev. Alfred C.

Walkup, Miss J. Estella Fletcher, to Micronesia ; Rev. Charles M. Hyde, d .d ., to the Hawaiian Islands.

THE MISSIONARY ROOMS.

During the past year it has been the pleasure of the Prudential Committee to welcome to its Rooms ;‘a Committee of Nine, appointed ” at the last Annual Meeting “ to inquire into the methods of administration pursued at the Mis­ sionary Rooms in Boston, and to recommend any changes which shall appear to them useful or important ; the Committee to report at a subsequent meeting.” In anticipation of the visit of this Committee, action was taken by the Prudential Committee as follows : — November r, 1889. — The following minute, presented by the Chairman, in ac­ cordance with instructions given at the last meeting, was unanimously adopted : — A letter addressed to the Prudential Committee and Secretaries from the Rev.

George Leon Walker, d .d ., Chairman of the Committee of Investigation, ap­ pointed at the late meeting of the Board, requesting that copies of certain printed documents be sent to each member of said Committee, and announcing that the Committee contemplates a visit to these Rooms of the Board early in December next, having been read, it was unanimously Voted, That all the documents contemplated in the request be promptly for­ warded as desired, and that with no less readiness than under similar circum­ stances in former years the Prudential Committee and Executive Officers 6 Home Department. [Report, welcome the proposed visit, and will gladly offer every facility for examining all departments of administration to the fullest extent. December 3,1889.— “ A letter was read from Rev. Dr. G. L. Walker, Chairman of the Committee of Nine, requesting the assignment of a time, suggesting the eighteenth of December, at which the Committee could meet the three Secre­ taries of the Board. “ On motion of Dr. Storrs it was agreed that the room of the Committee be placed at the disposal of the Committee of Nine, and that the Secretaries and also the Treasurer and the Chairman of the Committee will be ready to meet them at the time named; and that the whole Prudential Committee will be not only happy but desirous to meet the Committee of Nine either at that time or at such other time as the Committee may prefer.” In accordance with the spirit of these votes, it has been the endeavor of the Prudential Committee and Executive Officers to furnish every facility possible for the most thorough investigation on the part of the Committee of Nine.1

DISTRICT SECRETARIES.

The work of our District Secretaries, Rev. C. H. Daniels, whose office is at New York, Rev. Drs. S. J. Humphrey and A. N. Hitchcock, whose office is at Chicago, and Rev. Dr. C. C. Creegan as Field Secretary, whose office is at Boston, has been prosecuted more vigorously, we think, than during any preced­ ing year. Their reports which follow will be found to be of exceeding interest. They have been assisted in their work continuously by several missionaries, and occasionally by pastors and others in connection with conventions and simultane­ ous meetings, of which more particular mention is made in their reports.

3 [For convenience of reference we append the citations in full from the official records, giving a complete state­ ment of the action taken during the year by the Prudential Committee in aid of the inquiries of the Committee of Nine, and of information received from that Committee.] October 29, 1889. — A letter was presented from Rev. Dr. George L. Walker, Chairman of the Committee of Nine, appointed at the late Annual Meeting to examine the methods of administration of the Prudential Committee, and asking for certain printed documents to be sent to each member of the Committee of Nine, and suggesting a conference with the Prudential Committee early in December. The Committee heartily assented to the proposal of the letter, but desired that the documents sent should be first presented to this Committee ; also, that an appropriate resolution should be prepared to accompany the official reply to the letter. The Chairman was instructed to prepare a draft of such a resolution to be reported at the next meeting, expressing the desire of the Prudential Committee to render all possible aid to the Committee of Nine in their investigations. November 1, 1889. — The following minute, presented by the Chairman, in accord­ ance with instructions given at the last meeting, was unanimously adopted : — A letter addressed to the Prudential Committee and Secretaries, from the Rev. George Leon Walker, d .d ., Chairman of the Committee of Investigation appointed at the late meeting of the Board, requesting that copies of certain printed documents be sent to each member of said Committee, and announcing that the Committee contemplates a visit to these Rooms of the Board early in December next, having been read, it was unanimously Voted, That all the documents contemplated in the request be promptly forwarded as desired, and that with no less readiness than under similar 1890.] Home Department. 7

THE MIDDLE DISTRICT.

[Including Connecticut, the Middle and South Atlantic States, and Ohio, with office at 121 Bible House, N ew York.J Rev. C. H. Daniels writes as follows : — “ The report from the Middle District for the past year calls out the following points of interest: — “ 1. We were kept in patience and hope during the extended repairs on the Bible House, as also were our friends who visited us and bore with our necessa­ rily untidy condition. We now enjoy the new rooms in the same building, Nos. 120 and i2i, located on the sixth floor and easily accessible by elevator. “ 2. The calls for missionary service during the year have been exceptional and have tasked the Secretary to the full of his time and strength. Churches and Associations have given cordial invitation to the Secretary and missionaries. As a consequence a large number of meetings have been held in the nature of a conference or ‘ rally.’ It is the usual testimony that they have been influential for good. In sections of every State these have been held, save in the South Atlantic. By such means the large churches have welcomed us, and the feeble churches have had equal privileges. “ 3. In the conduct of these meetings it is proper to mention the valued assistance of the pastors, who have made it a matter of personal concern. We cannot recall a single instance where interest has been withheld, save for reasons self-evident and naturally arising in church-life. “ Of equal value has been the assistance of missionaries, nor can it be named too strongly the favor with which they have been received by the churches. A great mistake is made by some in thinking the missionary cannot interest the people. This year’s experience proves that the churches are waiting their mes­ sage. Hardly a week during the year but from one to seven missionaries, and circumstances in former years the Prudential Committee and Executive Officers welcome the proposed visit, and will gladly offer every facility for examining all departments of administration to the fullest extent. Voted, That this minute be communicated by the Clerk to Dr. Walker, Chairman of the forenamed Committee. The list of documents covered by this minute was read, and suggestions were made of others which are to be added. November 12, 1889. — A letter was read from Rev. Dr. G. L. W alker, Chairman of the Committee of Nine, appointed by the Board, asking for certain tabulated statements as to the receipts and missionary appointments of the Board during the last ten years. The Committee directed the preparation and forwarding of the statements desired. November 19, 1889. — Information was given . . . of a request from the Committee of Nine, addressed to the Treasurer, asking for information in regard to the time of closing his accounts at the end of the financial year. November 26, 1889. — Information was given of a request from Dr. W alker, Chair­ man, that the report of the Prudential Committee on the matter of Councils, presented to the Board at the Annual Meeting in 1887, be sent to each of the Committee of Nine. December 3, 1889. — A letter was read from Rev. Dr. G. L. Walker, Chairman of the Committee of Nine, requesting the assignment of a time, suggesting the eighteenth of December, at which the Committee could meet the three Secretaries of the Board. On motion of Dr. Storrs, it was agreed that the room of the Committee be placed at 8 Home Department. [Report,

\ the Secretary, have been among the churches. Many calls have been declined from necessity. The Rev. Robert Chambers has been with the Secretary con­ stantly, while a large number of calls have been answered by Rev. J. E. Tracy,

Rev. M. L. Stimson and wife, Rev. G. F. Herrick, d .d ., and Rev. W. P. Sprague. Not less hearty has been the occasional assistance from Rev. Messrs. Tyler, Gut- terson, Chester, Richards, and Noble; also, Mrs. Rand, Mrs. Newell, and the Misses Newton, Chandler, Burrage, Kimball, and Lawrence. It would encourage them could they know the testimonials received of interest in their work. “ 4. During the year we have sent to the churches and Sabbath-schools circu­ lars and leaflets containing our hopes and suggestions concerning the work. Judging from the unusual number of responses we may believe that they have been kindly received. The calls for literature have been largely increased, and we welcome the desire of many pastors to be better informed, and that their people also have the information. “ The statistics are appended in a simple form, under a new division of the district. They are worthy our study. The number of new churches added from the Southern Atlantic States may lower somewhat the average and yet we expect to hear from these States in the year to come. We have a new interest among the churches of Pennsylvania. We speak of these sections of our field because of their new efforts in the lines of Congregational benevolences. Last year we reported 944 churches in the district, of which 586 contributed to our work. This year we report 1,087, of which 640 have contributed. We still plead for a contribution from all the churches as the need. It is the unwrought problem. “ The Sabbath-schools and Endeavor Societies have shown added interest in this work, and have given your Secretary the pleasure of no little work in the line of their calls. The real need among the youth is that they be given the occasion to know and love foreign missions and they will be our stanch helpers.

the disposal of the Committee of Nine, and that the Secretaries and also the Treasurer and the Chairman of the Committee will be ready to meet them at the time named ; and that the whole Prudential Committee will be not only happy but desirous to meet the Committee of Nine either at that time or at such other time as the Committee may prefer. December 10, 1889. — Information was given .'. .o f a message from Rev. Dr. Walker that, according to the suggestion made and responded to by the Prudential Committee, the Commtttee of Nine will hold its first meeting in this room on Wednesday, December 18, at ten a .m . December 10,1889. — The Chairman read the draft of a statement as to the methods of administration at the Missionary Rooms, both on the part of the Committee and the Secretaries and Treasurer. The paper was approved as a suitable statement to be read in behalf of the Prudential Committee to the Committee of Nine at its approaching meeting upon the eighteenth instant. It was also agreed that the Chairman be requested to reply in behalf of the Committee to any inquiries which the Committee of Nine may desire to present. December 17, 1889. — Information was given . . . of the serious illness of Rev. Dr. G. L. Walker and the consequent postponement of the meeting of the Committee of Nine with the Prudential Committee and the Secretaries on December 18. December 17, 1889. — The Chairman reported several amendments and additions 1890.] Home Department. 9

“ Your Secretary would take this way to acknowledge the courtesy and help received from the officers of the Board and Prudential Committee without excep­ tion, and also to thank the pastors and officers of the churches for making him welcome in their counsels and pulpits. It will be our greatest desire the coining year to merit still more the fellowship of the brethren, and to be called into their service as a fellow-servant.”

M ID D LE D IS T R IC T . S T A T E M E N T FO R 1889-90.

s STATES. rtu

N on­ OD

No. of H a Totals. to "> >■ Churches. Donations. contributing. Contributing.

I. 302 with 280 22 CONNECTICUT. $33,072.31 $1,236.90 $20,459.18 $9,140.48 $63,908.87 50,876 resident members. II. 275 with 147 128 N E W Y O RK . 30,821.20 1 1,038.64 7,169.98 40,401.30 7y.43i . i 2 37,287 resident members. i

III. 33 with 18 15 NEW JERSEY. 1.885.53 ! 193-3° 2,214.54 42.06 4.335-43 4,142 resident members.

IV. 103 with 32 71 PENNSYLVANIA. *,362.54; 145-42 481.62 1,989.58 9,129 resident members. V. 13 with 9 4 M aryland, Vir­ 798-35 2.00 588.83 5,000.00 6,389.18 i , 7°° g i n i a , W . V i r g i n i a , resident Dist. of Columbia. members.

VI. 122 with 12 110 SOUTHERN 7°9-39 183.41 892.80 5,004 ATLANTIC. resident members.

VII. 239 with 142 97 OHIO. 7,454.29 557.17 5.883.57 5,300.00 19,195.03 27,586 resident members.

1,087 640 447 $76,103.61 $ 3>I73-43 $36,981.13 $59,883.84 $176,142.01

N o t e . —The average per resident member, excluding legacies, was: in Connecticut, $ 1 .0 8 ; in New York, $1.05; in New Jersey, $ 1 .0 4 ; in Pennsylvania, $0.22; in Maryland, Virginia, etc., $0.82; in Southern Atlantic $0.18; in Ohio. $0.50. Total of last year’s gifts apart from legacies, $109,832.76. Total of this year’s gifts apart from legacies, $116,258.17. A gain of 6 per cent. made to his statement read to the Committee last week concerning methods of admin­ istration at the Missionary Rooms. The Committee approved of these changes. March 18, 1890. — The Committee authorized the presentation to the Committee of Nine appointed by the Board to inquire into the methods of administration of certain papers prepared by the Treasurer in reference to the disposition made of the Otis and Swett legacies. Information was given of the fact that the Committee of Nine, in the judgment of its Chairman, Dr. Walker, would probably visit the Mission Rooms some time in April. April 25, 1890. — Information was given . . . of an inquiry received from Rev. Dr. Walker, Chairman of the Committee of Nine, whether Wednesday, May 21, would be a convenient time for an interview between that Committee and the Prudential Com- IO Home Department. [Report,

DISTRICT OF THE INTERIOR STATES.

[From Indiana and Michigan to the Rocky Mountains, with office at 151 Washington Street, Chicago.]

Rev. S. J. Humphrey, d .d ., and Rev. A. N. Hitchcock, p h .d ., present the fol­ lowing report: — “ The year in this district has been signalized by no marked event. There has been, however, a steady gain along all lines of effort. The increase in the sec­ retarial force has made it possible to reach a much larger number of churches and associations; to engage in a greatly needed and fruitful campaign work; to look more carefully after the Sunday-school and Christian Endeavor departments, and to increase, in value and amount, the issue of missionary literature. “ Not less than ten state associations and a considerable number of the eighty local associations of this district have been personally visited. Several of the important churches reached are located in educational centres where large com­ panies of Christian young people have heard the message and the call. In a single field campaign during February and March we were able to reach, in a more special way, some twenty-five or thirty of the churches of Iowa and Illi­ nois. Valuable assistance has been rendered by returned missionaries, among whom may be mentioned Rev. George F. Herrick, d .d ., Dr. and Mrs. A. P. Peck, Revs. C. F. Gates, E. H. Richards, Lyman Bartlett, H. P. Beach, and others. “ Good work is now being done among our churches in Michigan by Rev. Fred R. Bunker, late Young Men’s Christian Association Secretary of that State, but now under appointment for East Central Africa. “ An increasing number of missionaries coming and going make this city a point of departure. It has been our very pleasant duty to welcome during the year not far from fifty of these brethren and sisters, and to speed them on the way to their various destinations. mittee and Executive Officers, and of the reply of the Home Secretary assenting to the time proposed. May 9, 1890. — Information was given . . . of a letter from Rev. Dr. G. L. Walker, Chairman of the Committee of Nine, saying that that Committee probably would not desire a meeting with the Prudential Committee on Wednesday, May 21, at ten a . m ., but that it did desire the Executive Officers to be within call at that time. May 13,’ 1890. — Conversation ensued as to the aid to be rendered to the Committee of Nine whenever they shall visit these rooms and as to the methods to be pursued in responding to their inquiries. It was generally agreed that it would be desirable that the Chairman of the Prudential Committee and the Executive Officers should be present together during any interview with the Committee of Inquiry, and also that a steno­ graphic record of such interviews should be kept. May 27, 1890. — The Chairman reported an interview with the Committee of Nine at the meeting of that Committee held in this room last week, and also read a letter from the Chairman of that Committee communicating the following minute adopted by the Committee of Nine: Resolved, That, while it may be desirable to meet the officers of the Board in the way suggested by the Prudential Committee, this Committee feels obliged to claim the privilege of conferring with any of the officials individually when we shall deem it expedient to do so, either as a body or by any sub-Committee. July 1, 1890. — Information was given . . . of a letter from the Chairman of the 1890.] Home Department. 11

“ We have had frequent occasion in the reports of recent years to note the increasing demands for missionary literature. This demand has never been so great as now. A token of growing interest like this is exceedingly hopeful. Knowledge begets interest. Interest begets prayer and sacrifice. And all beget the demand for more abundant information. The appetite grows by what it feeds upon. As the year closes, the proposition to hold simultaneous meetings is carrying this call for missionary literature to a higher point than ever before. Missionary Papers No. j i , an eight-page paper, the material of which had previously appeared in The Advance of May 1, has had a large circulation. In all more than 50,000 copies of this matter have gone to the pastors and churches. Other information in the form of leaflets, sketches, maps of missions, and the like is in constant demand. “ No agency has been more fruitful in creating and supplying this call than the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior. Through its weekly column in The Advance, its part in Life and Light,, and especially its Mission Studies, — in all of which there appear an editorial tact and a womanly enterprise which are rare and altogether admirable, — it is sending into the homes of the Interior an amount of interesting missionary literature second to no other agency. The value and effi­ ciency of this work are seen in the constantly increasing receipts, and, what is more, much more, in the growing numbers of those who, trained by intelligent and consecrated parents, are offering themselves for personal service in the world­ wide work. “ The field we are called to cultivate has two peculiarities which should be carefully kept in mind in looking over its record. “ It is the great home missionary field. While the churches number nearly 2,000, more than 1,000 of these have each less than fifty members, and more than three fourths have less than a hundred. Forty-two per cent, of the Con-

Committee of Nine, asking that “ copies of any formularies or memoranda of doctrinal statement, given or sent to candidates, or inquiries respecting candidacy within three years past by the Committee or by Secretary,” these having been sent to the Committee in November last, may now be supplemented for the use of the Committee of Nine by “ copies of all such doctrinal formularies which have been in any wise so used in the past ten years,” also stating that that Committee had adjourned to Tuesday, August 19, at ten a .m ., and of the reply of the Clerk to this letter. August 19, 1890. — Information was given . . . of the meeting to-day of the Committee of Nine in the room of the Committee, necessitating the meeting of the Prudential Committee in the room of Secretary Clark. August 19, 1890. — Rev. Dr. Quint brought a message from the Committee of Nine that that Committee would be glad to have the Executive Officers and the Chairman of the Prudential Committee in readiness for conference to-morrow morning ; also, that on the same morning they would be happy at ten o’clock to receive any member of the Prudential Committee who had any suggestions to make. August 26, 1890. — Information was given . . . of a letter from the Chairman of the Committee of Nine, announcing the adjournment of that Committee on August 21, until Tuesday, September 23 ; of the fact that interviews were held between the Com­ mittee of Nine and two of the members of the Prudential Committee ; also, with the Executive Officers and the Chairman of the Prudential Committee. 12 Home Department. [Report,

gregational churches of the country are in this district, but they comprise but twenty-six per cent, of the membership. The greater part of these churches need and receive aid to support the institutions of the gospelsamong themselves. Consequently no large gifts for benevolences can be expected from them. The hopeful feature about it is that a growing number — many out of their deep poverty — annually, in their gifts, remember the foreign missionary work. The number of the contributing churches this year for the first time reaches into the second thousand— 1,028 — a gain of 61 churches the past year, and of 170 in two years. Among the most sacred memories of our work are those connected with the receipt of contributions — small, indeed, but weighted with prayer and sacrifice — from these weak and struggling churches, looking up, for a little, from their own sore need to the greater needs of perishing millions abroad. “ Closely allied to this is the other fact to be noted : the unparalleled growth in the number of churches. Western Congregationalism has an opportunity that is simply immeasurable. To take advantage of the situation it must, like a pros­ perous business concern, rapidly increase its 'pla n t.’ But in doing this the dividends must necessarily be small. Largely the earnings must go into new enterprises. “ Take, for example, Chicago. Upon a basis of twelve churches in 1882, thirty- three new ones have since been added to the number, nearly all of them the fruit of city missionary labor— a gain of almost threefold in eight years. Twenty-five of them have been aided to build houses of worship. But this costs money. There go into this increase, annually, not less than $35,000. Last year the sum was $¡45,000, besides $45,000 more given for the growing needs of the theological seminary, all of which, $90,000 — an amount greater than the whole income of the Board from this entire district — has been contributed by the churches of Chicago and its immediate vicini|y. This condition of things, in good measure, repeats itself in nearly all of the large cities of the district and in many of the lesser villages. The needs of this unparalleled expansion are continually before the eyes of the people. The call for help is pressed upon them with intense urgency on the Sabbath and in the mid-week prayer-meeting. It waits every day at the counting-room doors of wealthy and liberal men. If foreign missions but hold their own, as to contributions, in a district so circumstanced, it should be deemed success. They do this and more. There is a steady gain.

September 23, 1890. — The Committee met in the room of the Senior Secretary — the usual place of meeting, the Committee Room, being occupied by the Committee of Nine. September 30, 1890. — Information was given . . . of the adjournment of the Com­ mittee of Nine on Wednesday afternoon, the 24th instant, having agreed, as stated to the Secretaries informally, upon a unanimous report, which will not be communicated to the Prudential Committee or Executive Officers until it is given to the public at Minneapolis; also, of a letter received on the 29th instant from the Chairman of the Committee of Nine, communicating the thanks of that Committee for the “ great and courteous assistance ” received from the Prudential Committee, and recommending certain changes in the method of keeping its records. 1890.] Home Department. 13

“ But these churches furnish a higher proof of their interest. They give their sons and daughters. “ Of the 54 missionaries sent out this year, 17 are from the District of the Interior. They are credited as follows : Michigan, one; Missouri, one; Nebraska, one; Wisconsin, two; Minnesota, two; Iowa, two; Kansas, two, and Illinois, six. Three others, one from Nebraska and two from Michigan, are under appointment and are expected soon to follow. “ The whole record of the year may be summarized thus : — “ The Interior District contains one fo u rth of the Congregational Church mem­ bership. “ It contributes, not reckoning legacies, one fifth of the donations of the Board. “ It furnishes one third of its missionaries.

“ NOTES ON THE TABLES.

“ 1. The donations from all sources for this year are less than last year by $354. There was included, however, in the amount last year the extra $10,000, raised by special effort from individuals in Chicago. Laying this aside we have a gain this year of donations from ordinary sources of $9,548. The advance over the annual average of the preceding five years is $11,586. “ 2. The young people, through Sunday-schools, Mission Bands, and Christian Endeavor Societies, have increased their gifts by $1,406, the amount being $7,808. Of this sum $4,863 comes through the W. B. M. I. This is largely due to the enthusiasm awakened by laying over upon them the building of a house for Mrs. Logan’s school at Ruk and in part of the new schooner R obert W. Logan. “ 3. The gifts through the W. B. M. I. from this District are an advance upon last year of $3,134, being $48,835. Their entire receipts are several thousands of dollars beyond this sum. We give here only what is reported in L ife and L ig h t from the States of our District, which is not quite coterminous with theirs. “ 4. It is significant of the wise and enterprising methods of the W. B. M. I. that they reach a large number of congregations which no other methods touch. Last year 259 churches, and this year 265, gave to foreign missions only through their channels. The greater part of these doubtless would have made no re­ sponse but for the thorough and persistent efforts of the Woman’s Board. “ 5. It will be seen-that, in the analysis of donations, three classes are made, the children having their place together as one of them. If the division be into two classes, we have 41 per cent, of the gifts coming directly to the treasury of the American Board and 59 per cent, passing through that of the Woman’s Board. “ 6. The receipts from legacies are always an uncertain quantity. This year they have fallen much below the average of the last ten years, bringing down the total amount to $5,449 less than those of the preceding year. There is more inquiry than ever before by those who desire, instead of making bequests in their wills, to give at once the sums they propose to leave to the Board, receiving interest from it during life. Two or three instances of this sort are under nego­ tiation at the present time. No. 2. — DETAILED STATEMENT.

R E V IE W . — 1889. REVIEW.-1890.

*

■fig STATES K

a . Department.Home

¿o ■ 3 a j j

Indiana . . . $011.79 z >454 39 39 16 *3 2,584 $1,221.37 45 27 Michigan . . 22,249 10,877.88 47 306 134 38 $3,625.00 23,168 10,077.42 Illinois . . . 312 131 $900.00 3i.i79 37,743-69 121 269 198 5J 33,ooi 32,807.05 280 216 1,910.28 Wisconsin 15.742 7,264.09 46 209 94 26 8,010.35 204 Iowa .... 4,383-33 15,652 2,000.00 21,986 7,387.01 33 261 152 37 902.90 22,788 9.703-17 275 3 S Minnesota . • 11,418 8,629.14 137-91 75 163 99 22 12,470 8,610.54 91 50.00 Missouri . . > 4,725.62 I7S 6,934 68 82 40 8 7,227 4,897.85 67 78 44 Kansas ■ . . 1,648.72 15 205 75 22 11,926 Nebraska . . 243-33 2,031-54 199 8.537 1,742.90 20 167 80 18 500.00 9,281 2,640.62 167 s North Dakota 25.67 16 64 South Dakota 5,608 1,289.13 23 175 60 20 133-32 i,454 i 4,908 873.42 127 46 Colorado . . 1,060.83 2,399 44 35 16 3 2,898 1,687.21 44 17 Wyoming . . 294 50.00 17 6 1 1 383 69.50 7 Utah .... 300 45-7° 15 5 2 • • 438 44-°5 5

T o t a l s [Report, 139,941 $83,376.50 59 [,922 967 259 $9,787.88 148,178 $82,924.76 56 1,981 1,028 »65 $5,og8.ig 1890.1 Home Department. 15

No. I.—G e n e r a l S t a t e m e n t .

-1889- Churches and Individual Donations ...... $36,135.79 $29,996.64 ,, „ ,, for Special Objects . 1,505.18 Sunday-schools through A . B. C. F. M ...... 1 ,539 -27 i ,3 3 9 .85 ,, „ for “ Robert W. Logan ” ...... 1,248.01 W oman’s Societies ...... $33,302.23 $36,096.52 Junior Societies ...... 7,5 3 5-9 3 7,5i7.52 Ì 4,863.28 5,221.04 48,835.08 Sunday-schools and Juvenile Societies . $83,376.50 *$82,924.76 Total Donations ...... 9,787-88 5,098.19 L e g a c i e s ...... $93,164.38 $88,022.95 Total Donations and L egacies ...... * See Note 1 on the Tables.

N o. 3. — A n a l y s i s o f D o n a t i o n s . 1890. Per c e n t. S o c ie t ie s . S o c ie t ie s . D o n a t io n s Juniors of Individuals. and and Juvenile and and Juvenile Societies and W . B. M . I . W. B. M. I. and and Juniors of from Churches. Churches and tions from S.S. Sunday-schools tions from W . M . Donations from Per cent. Dona­ Per cent. Dona­ Donations from W. M. Societies

I n d ia n a ...... j $282.02 $40.01 $899-34 , $1,221.37 23 3 74 M i c h i g a n ...... 1 3,220.97 1,218.14 5,638.31 i 10,077.42 32 12 56 I l l i n o i s ...... 13,180.43 2,597.65 17,028.97 32,807.05 8 40 i 52 W i s c o n s i n ...... 3,266.31 786.68 3,957-30 i 8,010.35 9 1 49 I o w a ...... 4,893.76 36 3,535-7° i , 273-7i 9,703.17 13 1 51 M i n n e s o t a ...... 3>z 7°-97 608.93 4,830.64 ; 8,610.54 37 7 ! 56 M i s s o u r i ...... 1,899.99 495-3° 2,502.56 4,897-85 36 11 53 K a n s a s ...... 891.79 204.63 935-12 j 2,031-54 44 11 45 N e b r a s k a ...... 937.89 318.45 1,384.28 ' 2,640.62 34 13 53 North D akota ...... 67.95 32.87 149-85 : 250.67 27 1 *3 60 South D akota ...... 180.69 552-78 : 873.42 ! 16 139-95 19 1 65 C o l o r a d o ...... 820.56 75-58 79i .07 ! 1,687.21 49 4 47 W y o m i n g ...... 4.50 15.00 ! 5O.OO ; 69.50 7 21 72 U t a h ...... 42.05 2.00 44-05 96 4 1 . . .

T o t a l fo r i8 q o ...... $31,501.82 $7,808.90 $43,614.04 $82,924.76 j 38 10 52 T o t a l fo r 1889...... *$36,135.79 $6,402.55 $40,838.16 $83,376.50 j 43 8 : 49

* See Note i on the tables.

REPORT OF FIELD SECRETARY.

Rev. C. C. Creegan, d . d . , reports as follows : — “ During the year just closed, work has been carried on along those lines which were indicated in the last report from this department. In addition to field days, missionary campaigns, and simultaneous meetings, the Board has been represented at state conferences and a large number of the local conferences in New England, either by a secretary or a missionary. Response has been made so far as possible to the calls which have come from the churches, to have the cause of foreign missions presented upon the Sabbath or at the mid-week meet­ ings. In fulfilling engagements of this kind, as well as in all the work of the year, I am under special obligation to Rev. G. H. Gutterson, who from his successful work in India has been able to interest and inspire audiences whenever he has spoken, and also to our beloved friend, the veteran missionary, Rev. Cyrus

H am lin, d . d . , who has never been more sought for, or more successful in inter­ esting the people in the cause, than during the last year. “ The Field Secretary has made an earnest effort, by correspondence and otherwise, to secure a contribution from all the churches of our order in Massa­ chusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont, and particularly from those failing to remember the cause during the two previous years. Some­ 16 Home Department. [Report,

thing has been gained, but not all that we had hoped for and that it is reasonable to expect. I am persuaded that there are not a few pastors who have yet to learn that the best way to secure a revival in their own hearts and in their churches is to hold up before their people, with all the earnestness of their souls, the needs of perishing millions in China and Africa and secure gifts to the mis­ sionary treasury commensurate to the financial ability of their people. Statistics gathered a few years ago from the churches in the Empire State shows that in one year 116 of the Congregational churches received none upon confession of faith. The same year but three or four of these 1 16 churches gave anything for foreign evangelization. On the other hand, we make record of the fact that there is a large and, we believe, a growing number of our beloved brethren, the pastors of our churches, who are longing to see the nations brought to Christ, and are doing all in their power to secure men and means to this end. When all have this spirit, having dedicated themselves to the foreign missionary work, we shall soon see the millions in money, and our present missionary force doubled.

“ MISSIONARY CAMPAIGNS.

“ We have made the following campaigns during the year, in the interest of Foreign Missions : First. In November Rev. Lyman Bartlett, of Smyrna, Turkey, and the Field Secretary visited a goodly number of the churches of Central and Northern Vermont and Hanover, N. H. At the latter place we had the pleasure of speaking to a good congregation, composed very largely of students from Dartmouth College. During this tour the congregations were, as a rule, good, and we were cordially welcomed by pastors and people everywhere. A pleasant feature of these meetings was the warm greeting Mr. Bartlett received from many who knew him when he was a pastor in Vermont twenty-six years ago. Second. The second campaign was among the churches of Andover Con­ ference, Mass., in the month of December. We visited the leading churches, which opened to us, — some ten in number, — and the meetings were all well attended. Rev. George H. Gutterson, of India, and Rev. Frederic D. Greene, now of Van, Turkey, assisted the Field Secretary during this campaign. Third. With the assistance of Rev. George H. Gutterson, a campaign was successfully con­ ducted in Worcester County, Mass., during the month of January. Nearly all the churches in the county, outside the city of Worcester, — which was reserved for another time, — were visited. Meetings were held both afternoon and even­ ing, and notwithstanding much unpleasant weather the attendance was very good and the interest all that could be desired. Miss Ella J. Newton, of Foochow, China, spoke at several of the meetings in Worcester County of the needs of the Middle Kingdom, to the great delight of all who heard her. Fourth. In com­ pany with Rev. George H. Gutterson and Rev. M. L. Stimson, during the month of March, I had the pleasure of assisting in a campaign among a considerable number of the churches of Southern Massachusetts. An interesting feature of this tour was the hearty welcome we had from the teachers and students of Wheaton Seminary, at Norton. The entire body of students came to the meet­ ing, and by close attention to the addresses and a reception to the speakers at the close they indicated a deep interest in the work of sending the gospel to the 1890.] Home Department. 1 7

unevangelized. Fifth. Brief campaigns were made by missionaries under the direction of the Field Secretary as follows: 1. Rev. M. L. Stimson, of China, during the month of February, visited a number of churches in Vermont and New Hampshire. 2. Rev. George H. Gutterson and Rev. M. L. Stimson made a campaign during the latter part of February among the churches of Maine, visiting among other places Bangor, Augusta, and Bath. 3. Rev. Cyrus Ham­

lin, d . d . , spent the larger part of February among the churches of New Hamp­ shire and Maine, speaking to interested audiences day after day, notwithstanding he has reached his fourscore years. 4. Rev. E. G. Porter, of Lexington, Mass., visited a number of churches in New Hampshire and Vermont during January and February, and greatly interested the congregations which greeted him as he related the story of his visit to the mission fields in pagan lands. 5. Rev. R. M. Cole, of Turkey, has also spoken with great acceptance to churches in various parts of New England, chiefly in Central Massachusetts. “ The object of these campaigns, as we are pleased to call them, is to carry to the people, by the voice of the missionary and by the printed page, the freshest tidings touching the work in the foreign field. By a grouping of the churches in union meetings it is believed much can be done to awaken a deeper interest in the cause. The success of these meetings depends almost entirely upon the church where one is held. If the pastor arranges for it with painstaking care, and the people give cordial invitations to neighboring churches, and come in large numbers in the spirit of prayer, much will be done to secure a revival of missions in that church. “ We are informed that a home missionary church, where one of our meetings was held, was brought to self-support as a result of the earnest pleas made by the speakers for the evangelization of the dark nations of the earth. The brethren of their own motion said, ‘ We cannot use the Lord’s money on ourselves when there is such need in other lands.’

“ MISSIONARY FIELD DAYS.

“ We have made an effort to hold as many field days as possible in cities and in villages where there are two or more churches of our order. The plan has been to give up the entire day to the one theme of Foreign Missions, in the morn­ ing by sermons, in the afternoon by a meeting of ladies or societies of Chris­ tian Endeavor (or sometimes both), and in the evening by a mass-meeting, with several short addresses. In this way a deep impression, it is hoped, has frequently been made. Meetings of this kind have been held at a considerable number of places; among them I will name the following: Andover, Law­ rence, Lowell, Fitchburg, Brockton, Gloucester, and Salem, Mass.; Brunswick, Bangor, and Portland, Maine; Burlington and Bennington, V t.; Nashua and Exeter, N. H., and Middletown, Conn. Our experience thus far with meetings of this kind has led us to feel that this is one of the best ways to instruct and inspire our people touching the coming of Christ’s kingdom. As the meetings are held on Sunday, the congregations are large, and many are reached in this way who would not attend a weekday meeting. There is much gained, also, in the coming together of several congregations in the afternoon or evening, or i8 Home Department. [Report,

both, and uniting with prayer, song, and short, earnest addresses, in the one effort to learn the needs of the regions beyond, and how to send to them most quickly the Word of Life. The following brethren have rendered efficient help at one or more of these ‘field day’ services: Dr. E. K. Alden, Dr. E. E. Strong, Rev. C. H. Daniels, Rev. E. G. Porter, Rev. George H. Gutterson, Dr. Cyrus Hamlin, Rev. M. L. Stimson, Rev. H. P. Beach, and Rev. Frederic D. Greene.

“ SIMULTANEOUS MEETINGS. “ The success attending the missionary week in Massachusetts, September 29 to October 6 of last year, led us to try Simultaneous Meetings in three other New England States. Meetings in New Hampshire were held from January 19 to January 26 ; in Maine from January 26 to February 2 ; in Vermont from Feb­ ruary 2 to February 9. The winter season in northern New England did not prove to be the right time for a series of meetings, and therefore the meetings were not as successful as was hoped. However, a large number of churches ob­ served the week by sermons and missionary concerts, and in some cases union meetings with churches of our own denomination as well as of other denomina­ tions, and upon the whole it is believed that much good was accomplished. All the available force of missionaries and secretaries was in the field, speaking con­ stantly during the three weeks, and a number of pastors, in addition to the work in their own churches, rendered efficient service in delivering addresses in neigh­ boring churches. “ The Prudential Committee thought it worth while to try the experiment of holding Simultaneous Meetings in the interest of foreign missions with all the Congregational churches in the United States during a single week, beginning September 28, 1890, and ending October 5. The week prior to the Annual Meet­ ing of the American Board was fixed upon as a desirable time for the trial of the plan. Announcements of the meetings were made through the M issionary H era ld and the religious papers, and circulars accompanied by personal letters were sent out from the offices in Boston, New York, and Chicago to every Con­ gregational pastor in the United States and Canada.1 The responses which have been received up to this writing have been very encouraging, and indicate that a large number of our churches, perhaps the majority of them, will in some way observe this week. Never before, we are informed, has there been such a call for missionary literature by pastors for their own use in preparing sermons and addresses, and in quantities for distribution among the people. It is hoped that from this series of meetings may date a revival of missionary interest in many of our churches, resulting in greatly increased contributions to the treasury of the Board and reinforcements of missionaries on the field. “ From the cordial reception given to this plan for meetings in concert I am of the opinion that the time has come for the Board to fix upon a week which shall be dedicated to the cause of foreign missions. Perhaps no better time can be chosen than the week prior to the Annual Meeting of the Board. What better preparation for this great convocation could there be than missionary conventions

1 The Executive Committee of the Woman’s Board approved most cordially of the plan for a Missionary Week, and urged all their auxiliaries to hold meetings or to cooperate in those arranged by others during the time named. I890.J Home Department. 19

and concerts pervaded by the spirit of the Master, and participated in by the entire strength of our Congregational Zion? ”

PUBLICATIONS. The demand for missionary literature, which has been increasing for several years, has been unusually active during the year under review. The call is in­ creasing for our own publications and for those of the Woman’s Boards, and also for everything bearing upon the spread of the gospel throughout the world. This is a favorable indication and will certainly bear fruit after not many days. Such is the growth of our own work in all of our missionary fields, and such the growth of similar work carried forward by other missionary societies, the opera­ tions of which we carefully watch and endeavor in part at least to report, that we are more than ever convinced that there is abundant occasion for the existence, continuance, and hearty support of our well-known missionary monthly, de­ voted especially to the communication of intelligence from unevangelized and heathen lands. It occupies its own honorable place which it has gained by the faithful service of more than fourscore years, and never was it so fresh and young, including its Illustrated Young People’s Department, as it is to-day, though sometimes spoken of as an ancient and honorable friend, as the “ venerable Missionary Herald." It is also ably sustained by its more youth­ ful associates, The Mission Day spring, conducted jointly by the Woman’s Boards and the American Board, and Life and Light and Mission Studies, devoted particularly to the work of the Woman’s Boards. The American Board Almanac of Missions is becoming recognized, as it well deserves to be, as one of the most beautiful and instructive pamphlets which can properly claim a place upon the table of every well-furnished Christian home. The historical sketches of our missions, both the larger and the smaller, as well as the “ Missionary Concert Exercises,” which call for and receive frequent revision, are proving them­ selves an invaluable help in awakening and deepening missionary interest among the young. Sunday-schools and Societies of Christian Endeavor are thus coming into a closer fellowship both with the great missionary enterprise and with indi­ vidual missionaries. The outlook in this particular department of our work, so intimately connected with the educational training of the next generation, is hopeful. AID FROM PUBLISHING SOCIETIES.

Rev. J. M. Stevenson, d . d . , Corresponding Secretary of the American Tract Society, reports as follows : — “ The American Tract Society rejoices in the privilege of cooperating with the missions and missionaries of the American Board in heathen and pagan lands in three forms : By furnishing means for printing the essential truths of the gospel in foreign languages ; by furnishing electrotypes of engravings to make the truth more effective, and by grants of publications from the Home office for the missionaries themselves and for those educated by them to read the English language. In these forms the Society donated in the year ending with March, 1890, to missions of the American Board, and to Tract Societies largely managed by them : in cash, $2,960; in electrotypes, $400 ; in publications, $ 18 5 .18 .” 2 0 Home Department. [Report,

Rev. Edward W. Gilman, d . d . , Corresponding Secretary of the American Bible Society, thus reports : — “ During the past twelve months we have put at the disposal of the missiona­ ries of the American Board in Austria, Spain, and India, |fae sum of $2,024.29, to be expended in the purchase and distribution of the Scriptures. The value of books sent to other missionaries under the care of your Board during the same period directly from the Bible House was $1,289. This includes an edition of the Book of Revelation in Tonga, printed here under the direction of Rev. E. H. Richards, and part of the new edition of the Zulu New Testament as revised by the Rev. David Rood. These figures do not embrace the expenditures in Turkey, China, Japan, and Mexico, where the agents of the American Bible Society maintain the most cordial relations with the missionaries of the American B oard.” Grateful acknowledgments are also presented for grants to several of our missions by the Religious Tract Society and the Turkish Aid Society of London.

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES. In the Annual Report of two years ago it was stated that during the year then under review— 1887-88 — there had been received “ from donations the largest sum — if the donations during the period of the inflated currency of 1868-69 are reduced to a gold basis — ever received from this source during any one year in the history of the Board.” In the last Annual Report it was stated that during the year then under review— 1888-89 — the donations were in advance of those of the preceding year to the amount of $476.53, which was “ a gain over the annual average of the preceding five years of about $12,500.” We are now permitted to announce that during the last year— 1889-90 — the donations have made another and a more marked advance, having reached the total of $417,921.74, a gain over the preceding year of $22,876.84, and over the annual average of the preceding five years of $32,355. Of this amount $169,206.37 came from the three Woman’s Boards, an advance over the preceding year of $16,450.86. [From W. B. M., $110,739.60; from W. B. M. I., $54,238.27; from W. B. M. P., $4,228.50.] It was also stated in the Annual Report of two years ago that the receipts from legacies had been “ larger than were ever received from the same source during any one year, except the years when the two extraor­ dinary Otis and Swett bequests came into the treasury.” In the last Annual Report it was stated that there had been an advance from legacies of $7,300.88, which was a gain over the annual average of the preceding five years of over $28,000. Once more are we permitted to report a farther advance, the legacies for the past year— 1889-90 — having reached the sum of $199,802.11, a gain over the preceding year of $46,148.39, and over the annual average of the preceding five years of $74,384. The total receipts therefore for the year now under review from donations and legacies were $617,723.85, an advance over the preceding year of $69,025.23, and over the annual average for the preceding five years of $106,739.16. Adding the income of the general permanent fund, $10,671.73,— we report the total receipts from these sources for the past year as $628,395.58. From the Swett bequest, which was received six years ago, and was then by vote at the Annual Meeting “ set apart by the Board to meet special calls for a I890.J Home Department. 21

brief period of years in the evangelistic and educational departments of our missionary work abroad, emphasis being placed upon the present emergency in Japan, and upon the great opportunity in China,” there was appropriated during the past year, for the purposes for which this bequest was set apart by the Board, the sum of $72,707.89, — nearly $21,000 ($20,876.71) less than the annual average appropriated from this bequest during the five preceding years since it has been available, — including for Japan $23,195.70, and for China $26,260.24. From that part of the Otis bequest which was set apart by the Board eleven years ago for new missions there was appropriated during the past year toward the support of these missions — six in number, namely, West Central Africa, East Central Africa, Shansi, Hong Kong, Northern Japan, and Northern Mex­ ico— the sum of $61,482,16, about $24,000 ($24,064.30) more than the annual average appropriated from this portion of the bequest during the previous ten years since it became available. These amounts from the two special bequests, added to what has already been reported as received from ordinary sources, with the balance in the treasury at the beginning of the year, $848.44, has placed at the disposal of the Committee $763,434.07. The expenditures of the year have amounted to $762,946.98, leaving the small balance on the Treasurer’s books at the end of the year of $487.09. Although we may repeat with emphasis the statement in the report of last year that “ these are the largest figures presenting annual receipts and expenditures which have ever been reported in the history of the Board,” we may also add more emphatically that the demands of our broad work, in order that it may be properly developed even upon its present limited scale, call imperatively for the annual expenditure of not less than $250,000 beyond the largest figures thus far reported; an addition which would bring us up to the long-desired and much-needed income of $1,000,000 a year.

FIVE YEARS’ REVIEW.

During the past five years since our Seventy-fifth Anniversary in 1885, there have been sent out as new laborers 51 missionaries and 163 assistant missionaries, a total of 214. This is an advance over the record of the preceding five years, 1880-85, of 70; 10 missionaries and 60 assistant missionaries; the annual aver­ age for the first half of the decade being 8 missionaries and 21 assistant mis­ sionaries, 29 in all; and for the latter half, 10 missionaries and 32 assistant missionaries, 42 in all; a gain upon the annual average of 13. This increase has been most marked during the past two years, there having been sent out during these years 27 missionaries and 79 assistant missionaries, 33 of them men and 73 women, 106 in all; an annual average of 53, 23 more than the annual average during the first seventy-five years of the history of the Board. And there are many indications that this average will increase, rather than lessen, during years to come. The hearts of the consecrated Christian young men and women of the land are evidently turning toward the great missionary field, the world. During this same period of five years, 1885-90, the receipts from regular donations and legacies have also increased as compared with the preceding five years. During the first half of the decade, 1880-85, there was received from 2 2 Home Department. [Report. donations $ i,870,990, and from legacies $556,054, an annual average from dona­ tions of $374,199, and from legacies of $111,2ri, making the annual average from both donations and legacies $485,410. During the last half of the decade, 1885-90, the donations have increased by nearly $88,000 ($87,751), an annual average of $17,550, making a total of $1,958,741; and the legacies have in­ creased by nearly $150,000 ($149,360), an annual average of nearly $30,000 ($29,872), making the total gain from donations and legacies during the past five years over $237,000 ($237,130), an annual average of over $47,000 ($47,422). That this increase will continue from legacies during years to come we can hardly expect; but that it will not only continue, but largely increase, from donations from churches and individuals, we may certainly unite in making our earnest purpose and endeavor.

THE OTIS BEQUEST. There now remain from that third of the Otis bequest which was set apart by the Board in 1879 for the “ support of new missions, giving especial prominence to the demands and the opportunity presented in Africa,” stocks and bonds, having the face-value of $124,873, appraised as now worth $157,593.50. In addi­ tion to the two new missions in Africa, appropriations have been made for sev­ eral years to new missions in Shansi, North Japan, Hong Kong, and North Mex­ ico. The amount taken from this bequest for this purpose has increased, as the years have advanced, and the work has enlarged, so that while the annual average for the eleven years since the first appropriation was made has been less than $40,000 ($39,605.52), the sum appropriated during the year now closed, 1889-90, has been over $61,000 ($61,482.16). Should a similar amount be called for for each of the coming two years, which is not improbable, this bequest will be nearly all distributed at the end of the two years, and the entire support of these new missions, as well as of the older missions, will be thereafter looked for from the current annual receipts. This will be in accordance with the plan adopted by the Board for the distribution of this extraordinary bequest, it having been stated in the report of 1882 that this bequest might be expected to be entirely distributed in about ten years from that time. The Board must consider this important fact, therefore, in laying its far-reaching plans for the future, and in making wise provision for a generous enlargement of contributions from the regular sources of supply during the immediate years before us.

THE SWETT BEQUEST. The same appeal is emphasized by the fact that the amount which can be drawn from the Swett bequest is now reduced to the sum of $45,416.19, which, with whatever income may accrue, will without doubt be called for to meet the necessary appropriations for the coming year, thus completing the “ brief period of years,” seven in number, during which this bequest will have been available as set apart by the Board in 1884 “ to meet special calls in the evangelistic and educational departments of our missionary work abroad, emphasis being placed upon the present emergency in Japan and the great opportunity in China.” Since, therefore, this residue of the Swett bequest, including whatever income may accrue from it, will be less than $50,000, and since the “ special calls,” not only for Japan and China, but also for India and Turkey and other fields, must 1890.] Home Department. 23

imperatively require during the coming year more than twice this sum, in addi­ tion to what may be reasonably expected from regular donations and legacies, the conclusion is irresistible that by some method the receipts during the coming year must be largely increased.

A SUGGESTION.

It may be well in this connection to recall the action recommended by the Committee at the Annual Meeting in 1882 when a similar, and in some respects more serious, emergency confronted the Board. It was then stated that during the three preceding years there had been appropriated and expended from the Otis bequest for educational and evangelistic enlargement, in addition to the regular appropriations, the sum of over half a million of dollars ($552,061.71), an annual average for those three years of over $184,000 ($184,020.57), and that only about $34,000 remained for a similar appropriation during the year which was then to follow, 1882-83. The recommendation of the Committee, at that time, was that “ measures be adopted, not only to increase the regular annual receipts, but also to provide for a special additional annual contribution for our enlarged educational and evangelistic work of not less than $150,000.” During that meeting, held at Portland, spontaneous pledges, led by Hon. William E. Dodge, were made, most of them during one of the devotional hours, amounting, with sums added during a few subsequent weeks, to $45,000, while the impulse imparted by the movement went into the permanent regular receipts of the three years which followed. At the Annual Meeting in 1883, at Detroit, the same subject was more fully presented by the Prudential Committee in a special paper, entitled “ Our Annual Financial Problem,” to which the Committee on the paper gave, through its chairman, Dr. C. L. Goodell, their cordial approbation in these words : “ As our home work makes several collections a year to meet its various necessities, it is recommended that a second contribution a year be taken in behalf of some special department of the foreign work.” This recommendation the Prudential Committee has emphasized during several successive years.

A RENEWED APPEAL.

For these and other cogent reasons your Committee, therefore, giving thanks to God for the past, renews its annual appeal for a generous increase of offerings from all those to whom God has entrusted his silver and gold, be it little or much, so that, if possible, the regular donations, which have at length for the first time in the history of the Board not only passed the goal of $400,000, but have exceeded this goal by nearly $18,000, should now move forward promptly during the coming year certainly to not less than the next appropriate goal toward which we should aim, $500,000. Would that cheerful pledges also, supplemen­ tary to regular contributions, coming spontaneously from a multitude of grateful hearts laying upon the Lord’s altar with thanksgiving and prayer a specially con­ secrated $xoo,ooo, might make the present Annual Meeting and the city where we gather memorable not only in our own history, but in the great forward mis­ sionary movement of our times for the turning of this fallen but redeemed world to its rightful Lord ! 2 4 Zulu Mission. [Report,

THE MISSIONS.

ZULU MISSION.

UMZUMBE. — Henry M. Bridgman, James C. Dorward, Missionaries; Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman, Mrs. Florence H. Dorward, Miss Kate Houseman.

U m t w a l u m e .— In care of Mr. Harris.

A d a m s {Amanzimtote). — Charles W. Kilbon, Francis W. Bates, Missionaries; Mrs. Oriana R. Ireland, Mrs. Laura H. Bates, Miss Martha H. Pixley.

L i n d l e y (Inanda). — Stephen C. Pixley, Missionary ; Mrs. Louisa M. Pixley, Mrs. M. K. Edwards, Miss Martha E. Price. UMSUNDUZI.— Mr. Christie, Lay Helper. GROUTVILLE ( Umvoti). — Herbert D. Goodenough, Missionary ; Mrs. Caroline L. Goodenough. MAPUMULO.— Charles W . Holbrook, Missionary ; Mrs. Sarah E. Holbrook.

E s i d u m b i n i.— Miss Gertrude R. Hance, Miss Mary E. McComack. IFUMI. — David H. Harris, Missionary; Mrs. Euphemia S. Harris. On the way. — Charles N. Ransom, Missionary; Mrs. Susan C. Ransom. In this country.— Josiah Tyler, George A. Wilder, Missionaries ; Mrs. Abbie T. Wilder, Mrs. Mary B. Kilbon, Mrs. Alice C. Wilder, Miss Laura A. Day, Miss Fidelia Phelps. Nine stations; 17 out-stations; n missionaries; 20 female assistant missionaries; 1 native pastor; 85 native preachers ; 36 native teachers; 2 other helpers; 16 churches: 1,155 members; 86 received on confession this year; 1480 Sunday-school pupils; 1 theological seminary: 12 pupils; 1 boys’ school: 60pupils; 2 girls’ boarding schools: 115 pupils; 31 common schools: 1,425 pupils; native contributions, 31,152; total number of pages printed, 12,500.

A year of increased missionary force, of steady and prosperous work, and of brightening prospects is reported in this mission. Mr. and Mrs. Dorward joined the mission early in the year; Mr. and Mrs. Bates, for reasons of health, have been transferred from the East African Mission to this field; and Mr. and Mrs. Ransom are now on their way to reinforce the work. A good beginning has thus been made toward relieving the depleted state of the mission staff which has prevailed for two or three years. Mr. and Mrs. Wilder and Miss Phelps have come to this country for a brief period of rest. The members of this mission, with scarcely an exception, have enjoyed good health during the year, and have labored with unceasing constancy and good success. No serious dis­ turbance has anywhere befallen the work, and at the same time there is no specially striking experience to record.

THE STATIONS.

M apum ulo. — At this northernmost station of the mission Mr. and Mrs. Hol­ brook direct the work of preaching and teaching on the station and at two out- stations. Much of the preaching is done by men who are specially instructed for the service by the missionary in charge, and it often is far from satisfactory. The attendance upon church services and the Sunday-schools increases from year to year, and it is pleasant to note a marked gain in the progress toward self-support. The station school won the hearty approbation of the government Inspector of native education, and is hereafter to receive a government grant. 1890.] Zulu Mission. 25

The cause of temperance is earnestly pressed, and the native custom of selling daughters in marriage slowly gives way before the light and rising strength of the Christian life. Esidumbini. — A great blessing has come to this station with its reoccupation as a place of missionary residence, and with the wise and efficient labors of Miss Hance and Miss McCornack. The church services have been far more fully attended than before, and the life of believers has been deepened and purified. The station school has increased in numbers till it has eighty pupils in regular attendance. Umvoti. — Mr. Christie has been employed by the mission to take charge of this station, and has labored earnestly against great odds to keep churches and schools in a healthy, growing state. The native preachers have rendered good service, and some of the churches have thriven well. Many teachers have left their schools for more profitable work in the gold-fields, and the schools have suffered accordingly. Um sunduzi. — No missionary has resided on this station since Mr. Tyler and his daughters left, and the work of the station has suffered from the want of capable supervision. Miss Hance and Miss McCornack gave some attention to this station during the first part of the year, and the station school and the kraal schools have all been kept up. Lindley. — The church at this station has received fourteen additions this year, and the life of the church-members has been increasingly faithful and earnest. The Sunday-school is large and much interest is shown in the study of the Bible. The preaching at the seven out-stations has been done by men specially in­ structed for this service, week by week, by the missionary in charge. It is the crying need of this station, as for the mission at large, that well-trained and stable men be found to set over the churches as pastors and teachers. Two Bible-women, under Mrs. Pixley, have labored in the kraals with good results. A station school and three kraal schools have been sustained through the year. Adam s. — Mr. Goodenough was placed in charge of this station at the begin­ ning of the year, although carrying on also some part of the instruction in the Theological Seminary. He has greatly enjoyed this new work and has been able to set many things in order and to infuse new life into churches and schools. He has opened a great number of new preaching-places, and with the hearty cooperation of the theological students has been able to keep them all well supplied. One new kraal school has been opened, and places for several more have been found. By introducing envelopes in taking church contributions the amount collected has been nearly doubled. Ifum i. — Mr. Harris continues to reside at this station, and to oversee the work at Amalongwa, Idududu, and Umzimbozi. There has been no special awakening in these fields, but the work has kept on its course and made steady advancement. The work at Ifumi has been self-supporting for three years, and church, Sunday-school, and day-school are well attended. Schools are main­ tained at all but one of the out-stations, and Sunday services are well attended. Umtwalume. — Mr. Wilder has had charge of this station and of three interesting out-stations connected with it. At each communion season several have been 26 Zulu Mission. [Report,

admitted to the church at Umtwalume, though there has been no unusual interest. This church has been self-supporting since 1888, and its contributions last year were thirty-three per cent, in advance of those of the previous year. The work in the out-stations is also making good progress. Umzumbe. — An uneventful but prosperous year is reported by Mr. Bridgman, with several additions to the church, and contributions amounting to ten pounds. The number of families taking homes upon the station, and thus abandoning the heathen modes of life and associations, is steadily increasing ; and the station school has numbered sixty pupils the past year. The Christian Endeavor Society and the temperance work have been vigorously maintained with excellent results. Thè people are slow to come to self-support, but a gain is noted in this respect.

EDUCATION.

The Theological Seminary at Adams has been under the instruction of Mr. Kilbon, assisted by Mr. Goodenough. Eighteen students have been enrolled, seven of whom have previously received instruction in the Normal School. These show so marked a superiority to the other pupils in their power to grasp and use the truths of the Bible as to emphasize the great importance of securing the graduates from that school as candidates for the ministry in much larger numbers. These students are all married and live in their own homes while pursuing their studies. There is urgent need of the resumption by some com­ petent hands of the work of instructing the wives of these men in the domestic arts and in biblical truth, that they may more worthily aid their husbands in Christian work. The earnestness of these students and their growth in grace during their studies are very marked and happy, and the good influence of the school is already felt throughout the mission. The Amanzimtote Seminary for boys has suffered by changes in its teaching force, but has enjoyed a fairly prosperous year in spite of this fact. Of the sixty boys in attendance about twenty are professing Christians, and there has been a growing thoughtfulness on the part of many others. Miss Pixley has taken Miss Day’s place in this school, and is proving very successful. Mr. Goodenough, Mr. Bates, Mr. Noyes, and Miss Heffner, assisted by a native teacher, have shared in the instruction. Mr. Russell has had charge of the workshop, where nine apprentices and six pupils from the school have been trained in different forms of carpentry and joiner’s work. During the year 988 articles of furniture have been made, in addition to certain work in building. The Inanda Seminary has had in attendance ninety-eight students during some part of the year, of whom sixty-seven were station girls and thirty-one kraal girls. Good order has prevailed and an obedient and docile spirit and excellent work in studies. O f these pupils nineteen are church-members, five having been received to the church this year; and many others give satisfactory proof of genuine conversion. The active efforts of the older girls to lead the younger to Christ are among the most hopeful signs of the hold the gospel has gained in these girls’ hearts. The government Inspector gives high praise to the work of the school, its intellectual as well as its industrial work. The girls bear their 1890.] East Central African Mission. 27

part in the housework needed in the school, learn also how to sew and fit clothing, and cultivate extensive gardens, from which last year 1,341 bushels of different kinds of vegetables were supplied to the table of the seminary. The Umzumbe Home has had a somewhat smaller attendance than last year, but has maintained its record for good and thorough work. The Home will well accommodate forty-five pupils ; and with this number the government grant would be materially increased. There has been no marked religious interest among the pupils, but the order of the school has been good, and a few have openly professed Christ. The general letter from the mission concludes with these words : “ As we close the review of another year we can see that there are many hopeful signs of pro­ gress, though there has been no general awakening or revival interest. The need of an outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon our own schools and upon the people for whom we are laboring is pressed upon us with added force.” Probably at no time has the work in this oldest of the Board’s missions in Africa been in better condition for the swift, decisive advance, and never have the opportunities that greet it on its own field and in vast unoccupied regions to the northward been so great and commanding. The time has fully come to move with promptness and strength to fill these waiting lands and peoples with the light and truth of God.

EAST CENTRAL AFRICAN MISSION.

Kambini. — John D. Bennett, Missionary; Mrs. Hattie F. Bennett, Miss Nancy Jones. M a k o d w e n i . — In this country. — Benjamin F. Ousley, Missionary; Mrs. Henrietta F. Ousley. Two stations; 2 places for stated preaching; 2 missionaries; 3 assistant missionaries ; 2 common schools : 86 pupils; 1 Sunday-school: 22 pupils.

The mission force has experienced unusual changes during the last year. Mr. and Mrs. Richards came to this country in September on account of Mrs. Richards’s seriously impaired health, and have since at their own request been released from further service under the Board. Mr. Bates’s health was shaken by the exposure and fatigue of the expedition to Gungunyana’s kraal of the pre­ vious year; and upon settling at Bern be he suffered so severely from the fever as to make it necessary for him to seek relief in Natal early in the year. It is the judgment of his physicians that he should remain in Natal, and he and Mrs. Bates have been transferred permanently to the Zulu Mission. Mr. Ousley had suffered from a chronic difficulty which followed him to Africa when he first went out; and being unable to secure relief from any source near at hand, he and Mrs. Ousley were reluctantly compelled early this year to seek the needed medical attention in this country. The force is thus seriously depleted, and the work not a little retarded. Mr. and Mrs. Bennett, formerly connected with the mission of the Free Methodist Board in Inhambane, upon the warm commendation of the mission, have been appointed to this field and are now diligently at work. There is good prospect East Central African Mission. ^ [R eport,

that two families will soon be on their way to join the mission; and still other reinforcements will be sent as soon as they can be found. Experience has shown that with proper care in the choice of sites for resi­ dence our missionaries may escape all special risks to health on this field. It seems also to be clearly expedient to concentrate effort upon the Batswa tribes, which are far more numerous and widely distributed than the Batongas, and whose language seems to be used and understood throughout a great tract of country along the coast and far inland. Kambini and Makodweni, the stations already taken among the Batswas, are healthful and within reach of numerous villages ] and other sites equally eligible can be found, as needs shall require. Mr. Ousley maintained the preaching services and the schools at Kambini and in the nearer villages with steadiness and good results as long as he was in the field. The truth of the gospel has taken effect in the minds and hearts of several of those who have been longest in the household and under the personal instruction and influence of the missionary. The progress in knowledge and in Christian character is slow; the difficulties to be overcome are many and great; and nothing but a patience and hope which are bom of the gospel itself can meet the emergency and win the goal. But for Mr. Ousley’s withdrawal it is probable that the nucleus of the first Christian church in the mission would have been formed during this year. Miss Jones has labored diligently and cheerfully in teaching the younger children and visiting the women in the nearer villages. She is acquiring the language so as to do all her work with great ease and success from month to month. Mr. Ousley has rendered valuable service by his patient, accurate study of the Sheitswa language, enlarging and correcting the vocabulary and preparing the materials for instruction in the schools. He has also made good progress in translation, having the Gospels of Matthew and Mark ready to be printed together in one volume, and the Gospel of Luke and the larger part of The Acts ready to be brought out together in a second volume. He is also about to pre­ pare elementary textbooks in this tongue for the uses of the schools, and hopes lo push all this literary work forward materially while he is in this country. It is greatly to the credit of Mr. and Mrs. Ousley and Miss Jones, all gradu­ ates of Fisk University, that they have gained such a hold on the natives where they have labored, and have held steadily on at their post with cheerful courage When the mission force seemed to be dissolving, and have already laid deep and enduring foundations for coming years. Mr. and Mrs. Bennett, who had previously occupied Makodweni, upon Mr. Ousley’s withdrawal have taken up their residence at Kambini, and at both stations are maintaining the good beginnings already made. With the new laborers soon to go their aid, there is every reason to expect that the work will be pressed forward steadily and patiently to larger proportions and real success. The decision to confine our labors to one language will ensure closer union, more carefully matured plans, and greater enthusiasm in the work. The field is wide, unoccupied, and attractive. Instead of the scanty force, which scarcely suffices to hold its own, there should be a steady enlargement of numbers from year to year, until a dozen wisely chosen stations are occupied, and the hundreds 1890.] West Central African Mission. 2 £

of thousands still in darkness are brought within the sound of the gospel and the light of God’s Word. Where are the half-dozen young men of faith and courage and heroic purpose who are ready at once to enter the Dark Continent at this open door, and share in the glorious work of winning its people to, Christian faith and civilization ?

WEST CENTRAL AFRICAN MISSION.

BAILUNDU.— Wesley M. Stover, Thomas W . Woodside, Harry A. Cotton, Missionaries; Mrs. Bertha D. Stover, Mrs. ¿mma D* Woodside, Mrs. Gertrude J. Cotton, Mrs. Marion M. Webster. KAMONDONGO {B ik e). — William H. Sanders, Missionary; Charles F. Clowe, M.D., Physician;. Mrs. Mary J. Sanders, Mrs. Mary L. Clowe, Miss Sarah Bell, Miss Minnehaha A. Clarke. Chisam ba. — Walter T. Currie, Wilberforce Lee, Missionaries. BENGUELLA. — Mr. E. W . Searle, Business Agent. In this country. — William E. Fay, Missionary; Mrs. Annie M . Fay. Four stations; 7 missionaries; 1 physician; 9 female assistant missionaries ; 2 English assistants; 1 church: 19 members; 2 added on confession this year; 1 native pastor; 5 common schools: 104 pupils ; 1 dispensary : 300 patients ; 61,800 pages printed ; contributions, $58.40.

The past year has been marked in this mission by the even flow of events in the lines of steady, hopeful work rather than by any striking experiences. The friendly disposition of the native chiefs and peoples has been uniformly main­ tained, sometimes under trying circumstances; and this fact calls for special recognition and thanksgiving. Dr. and Mrs. Clowe sailed for this field in June, accompanied by Miss Clarke, a happy reinforcement in two important lines of work, the medical and the educational. For the present they will be located at Kamondongo, whence Dr. Clowe can meet the medical needs of Chisamba as well as of his own station. Mrs. Cotton, with her full medical education, is able to look after the health of the force at Bailundu. Mr. and Mrs. Fay have returned to this country to secure medical treatment for Mrs. Fay such as could not be found in the field. Benguella. — Early in the year Mr. and Mrs. Sanders and Miss Bell were trans­ ferred to Kamondongo, the business affairs of the mission being left to the com­ petent hands of Mr. Searle. This post, though of the greatest importance to the welfare of-the mission, is one making special demands on the practical skill, devotion, and physical strength of the incumbent; and in all these respects Mr. Searle has acquitted himself to the entire satisfaction of the mission. Both he and Mrs. Searle have taken up with zeal the evangelistic work that had been begun, and have been untiring and efficient in enlarging its, bounds and its influ­ ence. It is deeply to be regretted that the health of these friends seems to be unequal to the situation and that other arrangements for the qare of this post will soon be needful. There are few positions where a young apd energetic layman, desirous of aiding in missionary work, could render mere valuable service. B a ilu n d u . — The coming of Mr. and Mrs. Cotton to this station last autumn has brought as decided an addition to the courage and efficiency as to the num­ bers of the laborers there. The presence of Mrs. Cotton, with her medical skill and ready sympathy, has been a great blessing and relief; apd Mr. Cotton’s, 30 West Central African Mission. [Report, cheerful spirit and happy adjustment to his new home and duties have been a constant source of gratification and hope to his associates. He has already made good progress in acquiring the language and in building his house, the two first imperative duties confronting the missionary in this field. Mrs. Webster has decided to remain in the mission and devote herself to the special instruction and training of girls. The nucleus of a girls’ boarding school already appears; and under the patient, cheerful Christian spirit which greets and surrounds them in this missionary home we may well look to see the native girls come into the light and purity of a new and nobler life. Mr. Woodside has taken charge of the boys’ school and, as. far as possible, of the work of touring and preaching, and finds more than enough to fill his hands and all his time. Occasional visits with the native Christians to the nearer villages are making the work of the mission more widely known and opening the way for a more general proclamation of the gospel. As soon as Mr. Cotton becomes sufficiently familiar with the language this evangelistic work will be specially in his care. Mr. Stover, relieved from other duties in great measure, is devoting himself to the language, to translation and to the preparation of books for the use of the schools. The native pastor of the church at Bailundu and a few of the more promising members of the church are especially under Mr. Stover’s personal influence and instruction — the beginnings of a training school in which the native agency is to be prepared to cooperate with the missionaries in preaching the gospel to their own people. This first church of the mission has maintained a good record for the year. Its numbers have increased; good proofs of Chris­ tian faith and earnestness have been given; and the principles of the Christian brotherhood have been fairly exemplified. With their own hands and labor, unaided by a penny of foreign money, this body of believers has erected a com­ modious house of worship in harmony with their own simple style of living, and it has been publicly dedicated to the worship of the living God. Friends in America have furnished a bell for this structure ; but the natives have carried it inland from the coast, two hundred miles, upon their own backs. It is a cheer­ ing example for any mission, and a most happy beginning and model for all the stations of this field. Kamondongo. — The return of Mr. and Mrs. Sanders and the coming of Miss Bell, early in the year, gave a new impetus to all the life and activities of this station; and it was a great privilege for these friends from the coast to resume their interrupted missionary labors in the interior. Mrs. Fay, during the first part of the year, and Miss Bell, during the last part of the year, have maintained the schools in continuous life and with good success. The coming of Miss Clarke will make the teaching force one of the strongest features of the station. Attendance upon these mission schools is very irregular, and the progress made is consequently far from satisfactory; but in spite of all difficulties the schools are the most promising features of all our work in this field. Mr. Fay’s house has at length been completed and he has done much faithful work besides in preaching and in widening his acquaintance arifong the people. It is a great personal disappointment to both Mr. and Mrs. Fay, as well as a I890.J European Turkey Mission. 31 great loss to the station, that just at this juncture, when everything seemed to promise so happy an enlargement of the work, they should be compelled to come to this country in search of health. Several of the youth most closely connected with the families of the station and with its schools are ready, in the judgment of the missionaries, for Christian baptism and the organization of a church. The happy experience in this matter at the other station of Bailundu encourages the expectation that this step will add not a little to the volume and momentum of the evangelizing influences at work here. The coming of Dr. and Mrs. Clowe to this station is timely in a twofold sense: a competent physician is thus provided for the missionary families and for the growing opportunities of this and the neighboring station, and a missionary family comes to make good the place left vacant by Mr. and Mrs. Fay. Chisamba. — This station rejoices in the presence and earnest service of Mr. Lee, relieving Mr. Currie’s lonely condition and enlarging the volume and influ­ ence of the missionary work. Mr. Lee has made good progress in the language, has thrown himself heartily into the life of the station, and has enjoyed almost perfect health throughout the year. In Mr. Currie’s necessary absence during the latter part of the year, Mr. Lee has been called on to take entire charge of the station, its school and religious services, and has proven himself equal to the em ergency. Mr. Currie’s long isolation and lack of comfortable surroundings have told heavily upon him, and he has deemed it wise to visit the other stations and go to the coast, and perhaps to extend his journey further, for needed respite, change, and recuperation. The location of this station seems to be most happy in point of healthfulness, fertility of soil, accessibility to native villages, and attractiveness of situation. The neighboring chief and people are friendly, easily influenced, and kindly disposed to missionary labors. Happily the long embargo, which has detained supplies and building materials at the coast for many months, at last reports is fully broken, and all the interior stations rejoice. It is hoped that shortly a missionary family will be established at this station and thus the way prepared for the work of single women as teachers and evangelists. The demand for such work has already appeared. Upon the whole, the year under review has been one of prosperity and enlarge­ ment, with enough of trials and disappointments to test the faith and courage of the laborers and to draw them to more constant prayer. This mission has already won a good place among the missions of the Board, and looks on with hope to a large and fruitful work.

EUROPEAN TURKEY MISSION.

CONSTANTINOPLE. — Elias Riggs, D.D., LL.D., Robert Thomson, Missionaries; Mrs. Agnes Catherine Thomson. MONAST1R.— Lewis Bond, Jr., John W . Baird, Missionaries; Mrs. Fannie G. Bond, Mrs. Ellen R. Baird, Miss Harriet L. Cole, Miss Mary L. Matthews. Four out-stations. Philippopolis.— George D. Marsh, W. E. Locke, Missionaries; Mrs. Ursula C. Marsh, Mrs. Zoe A. M. Locke, Miss Ellen M. Stone. Thirteen out-stations. 3 2 European Turkey Mission. [Report,

SAMOKOV. — James F. Clarke, J. Henry House, D.D., Frederick L . Kingsbury, M.D., Henry C. Haskell, D.D., Missionaries; Mrs. Isabella G. Clarke, Mrs. Abbie S. House, Mrs. Luella L. Kingsbury, Mrs. Margaret B. Haskell, Miss Esther T. Maltbie. Ten out-stations. Four stations; 27 out-stations; 9 churches; 10 missionaries, one a physician; 13 female assistants; 8 pastors; 10 preachers; 37 teachers and helpers; 729 church-members, 82 added on profession during the year; Theological Seminary, 16 pupils; Collegiate Institute, 65 pupils; 2 girls’ high schools: 80 pupils; 14 common schools: 395 pupils; whole number under instruction, 556; pages printed, 1445,612. Pecuniary contributions, $7,366.

At the recent annual meeting of the European Turkey Mission held at Mon- astir, the prevailing sentiment was one of hope and encouragement for the future. There were no changes to report of any very marked importance, but progress in all the various lines of effort; the opposition developed in some portions of the field toward missionary effort was but an evidence of its success. The need was felt, however, of enlarged effort to meet the growing demand for religious teachers and a religious literature. The gospel is steadily gaining in its influence over the popular mind, and individuals here and there are led to accept it. The additions to the churches constitute about one tenth of the number of com­ municants previously reported. Churches have not yet been organized in con­ nection with Monastir station, for want of suitable pastors. It is hoped that this want will be supplied from young men now in training at Samokov. Pastoral care has hitherto devolved on the missionaries, and has been limited to such attention as they could give while touring. The press at Constantinople has been very much restricted through the censor­ ship of the Turkish government, and the labor of preparing works for publication has, in many instances, been more than doubled. Notwithstanding all embar­ rassment, over 8,000 volumes have been printed, containing 1,234,112 pages. The circulation of newspapers and other publications has been somewhat hin­ dered, yet the press has constituted a most important agency for the prosecution of evangelistic work. Mr. Thomson has been aided in his labors by the venerable Dr. Riggs, whose fine scholarship gives worth to anything from, his pen and makes the last years of his life fruitful in good. Special interest is felt by the mission in the opening of Albania, a region bordering upon Monastir station. Through the agency of the British and Foreign Bible Society, many copies of the Scriptures have found their way among the people, and some of their youth have obtained an education at our higher schools. A native Albanian of promise, after completing his education.► has now been ordained to carry the gospel to his countrymen. As expressive of the interest among these people, an old man in one place offers to bear aU the expenses of a school, if the mission will open it. Another pledges the usf- of his house for a school and the support of two teachers. Another has pur­ chased two hundred copies, and another thirty copies, of a portion of tlie Scriptures, Genesis and Matthew, for distribution. In view of the interest awakened among this people, Mr. Baird, of Monastir, has decided to devote some portion of his time to the study of the Albanian language. Mr. Kyrias, just ordained to the gospel ministry, will heartily cooperate with Mr. Baird. The movement has begun with so much promise and at comparatively so srflall expense that it is hoped it may be continued in the same spirit and that the 1890.] European Turkey Mission. 3 3

missionary enterprise among this people may be largely independent of foreign aid. As an institution of general interest to the entire mission reference may be made to the industrial department at Samokov. Its importance is becoming more and more recognized by the mission, till it is felt that some one must be called to give special attention to its development, so as to set the missionaries free for more direct evangelistic work. The greater independence and manli­ ness of the young men who thus seek to help themselves by manual labor are among the evidences of its value — even of more value than the pecuniary aid given to the students in need of assistance. The receipts for work and for the sale of furniture, made by the young men during the year past, amounted to between six and seven hundred dollars. The institution was greatly aided by generous gifts from friends in the United States the past year, amounting in all to $1,621.

STATIONS.

Philippopolis — There are connected with this station, besides two missionary families and Miss Stone, the latter specially devoted to work among the women, twenty-six Bulgarian fellow-laborers, four of them pastors, five preachers, three booksellers, and fourteen Bible-women and school-teachers. These figures show the force actually in the field and carrying forward the work of evangelization from this centre. At six different out-stations the people have taken upon them­ selves the duty of securing their own preachers and are responsible for their sup­ port. This is a step forward in the direction of independence which cannot fail to be of great moral value to these communities. Miss Stone has found most valuable laborers in some of the Bible-women under her care. They show a tact in presenting the truth and an earnestness and perseverance which do honor to their faith and zeal. Another advance during the year is noticed in the establishment of the con­ ference for churches. By this means believers at different points are brought into pleasant relations and pleasant fellowship, and their moral power is greatly increased. Samokov. — The regular work of this station is largely for the whole mission; as here are found the collegiate and theological institute and a girls’ boarding school. Notwithstanding their schoolwork, to which most of the time of the missionaries is devoted, they have not been neglectful of opportunities for tour­ ing from Samokov as a centre. Native colporters have gone hither and thither bearing tracts and Bibles and other Christian literature. Conferences have been held within the limits of this station, much the same as in Philippopolis, and are found no less useful in developing a sense of independence and Christian fellowship among those who take part in them. The principal work carried on from Sofia as a centre is under the charge of the Bulgarian Evangeli­ cal Society. The year past has been one of peace and prosperity to the church at this point. The average congregation has numbered one hundred and fifty persons, with a church-membership of forty-one, of whom seven were received on confession of faith during the past year. The importance of this Christian 3 4 European Turkey Mission. [Report,

congregation to the general evangelistic interests of the mission is very great, as giving an example of a healthy, working Christian church at the capital of the principality. A new church edifice, a devoted preacher, and an attentive con­ gregation, using the simple forms of our Christian faith, constitute a power for good whose influence cannot but be very widely felt at other out-stations. At Bansko the work has been making steady progress. An effort is making for the erection of the much-needed parsonage. The average congregations have amounted to over two hundred, and nearly as many are found in the Sabbath- school. This church, including several branches at two other points, numbers 198 church-members, of whom twenty-four were received during the year. Notwithstanding very earnest efforts to hinder the work at this important centre, the opposition has only called attention to the work in progress and thus adver­ tised it more widely to the people. Despite all opposition, the church has remained united and shown a good spirit of activity. Some other out- stations have been greatly aided by Bulgarian preachers, one of whom, Dr. Mishoff, who returned to Bulgaria after completing his studies in this country, has rendered most valuable work. The missionaries at this station are fully alive to the importance of securing a thorough Christian training for the young men and women now in their schools, who are to do so much toward the Bulgaria of the future. It is felt that these schools are specially important as the most efficient means to oppose the in­ fidel education found in the national schools. It is to be regretted that, while the government is alive to the work of education and has established five high schools that may fairly rank with some of our colleges at home, these institutions are wholly under secular, if not skeptical, influences, and there is, therefore, the more need of the work now being carried on at Samokov. M onastir. — This station is looking forward hopefully to the erection of a chapel which shall serve as a centre of Christian effort. At this point it is believed that a good church edifice will do very much to localize, as well as to develop more fully, the evangelical interest in the entire region. The various evangelical communities at different out-stations will be greatly encouraged by a well-established and well-maintained church in the city of Monastir. There is as much progress as could well be expected at the out-stations, considering the scanty religious services they enjoy. At one of these, Radovish, the twenty communicants have increased to over forty, with more to follow. The people have shown a good degree of interest in the erection of a school building and chapel all under one roof, largely at their own charges. At some other points, while there has been some degree of progress, there has been less of active Christian effort than in some former years. The work, however, of this station as a whole, especially with its outlook into Albania and the successful girls’ school, is one of great promise for the future. 1890.] Western Turkey Mission. 3 5

WESTERN TURKEY MISSION.

LITERARY DEPARTMENT FOR THE THREE MISSIONS IN ASIATIC TURKEY.

C onstantinople .— I. Fayette Pettibone, D.D., Henry O. Dwight, Henry S. Bamum, Mission­ aries ; Mrs. Isabella P. Dwight.

GENERAL MISSIONARY WORK.

B r o o s a . — Theodore A. Baldwin, Lyndon S. Crawford, Missionaries; Mrs. Matilda J. Baldwin, Mrs. Olive T. Crawford, Miss Phoebe Cull. CESAREA. — Wilson A. Farnsworth, D.D., James L. Fowle, Missionaries; Mrs. Caroline E. Farns­ worth, Mrs. Caroline P. Fowle, Miss Sarah Closson, Miss Johanna Zimmer.

C onstantinople . — Edwin E. Bliss, D.D, Joseph K. Greene, d .d ., Charles H. Brooks, Charles A. S. Dwight, Missionaries; William W . Peet, Treasurer and Business Agent; Mrs. Isabella H. Bliss, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Greene, Mrs. Fannie W . Brooks, Mrs. Martha H. Peet, Mrs. F. M. Newell, Miss Anna B. Jones. Teachers in the American College for„ Girls. — Miss Mary M. Patrick, Miss Isabella F. Dodd, Miss Helen E. Melvin, Miss Ida W . Prime, Miss Susan H. Olmstead, Miss Lydia A . Gile. MARSOVAN. — John F. Smith, Charles C. Tracy, Edward Riggs, Missionaries; Mrs. Sarah E. Smith, Mrs. Myra P. Tracy, Mrs. Sarah H. Riggs, Miss Ann Eliza Fritcher, Miss Jane C. Smith, Miss Bertha Smith. NlCOMEDIA. — John E. Pierce, Missionary; Mrs. Lizzie A . Pierce, Mrs. Catherine Parsons, Miss Laura Famham, Miss Marion E. Sheldon.

S iv a s . — Albert W . Hubbard,-William F. English, Missionaries; Mrs. Emma R. Hubbard, Mrs. Janet M. English, Miss Mary E. Brewer. SMYRNA. — James P. McNaughton, Missionary; (George Constantine, D.D., engaged in Greek work;) Mrs. Rebecca G. McNaughton, Miss Agnes M. Lord, Miss Lizzie E. Kirtland. TREBIZOND. — Moses P. Parmelee, M.D., Missionary; Mrs. Julia F. Pirmelee. On the way. — George F. Herrick, D.D., Lyman Bartlett, George E. White, Missionaries; Mrs. Cornelia C. Bartlett, Mrs. Esther D. White, Miss Nellie S. Bartlett, Miss Clara D. Lawrence. In this country. — James W . Seelye, Missionary; Mrs. Helen M. Herrick, Mrs. Helen P. Bamum, Mrs. Laura T. Seelye, Miss Mary P. Wright, Miss Laura B. Chamberlin, Miss Fannie E. Burrage, Miss Flora A. Fensham, Miss Emily McCallum, Mrs. Mary L. Dodd. In Germany for special medical study, Rev. W . S. Dodd, M.D. Eight stations; 108 out-stations ; 24 missionaries; 1 treasurer; 50 female assistant missionaries ; 34 churches: 3,118 members; 275 additions this year; 32 native pastors; 48 preachers; 183 teachers; 18 other helpers; 1 theological seminar}': 12 pupils; 1 college: 117 pupils; 6 boys’ high schools: 270 pupils; 1 college for girls : 103 pupils; 6 girls' boarding schools : 370 pupils; 141 common schools: 4.953 pupils; 294 others under instruction; whole number of pupils, 6,109! native contributions, #2°.337-5°-

TH E FORCE.

A year of interesting and valuable work along familiar lines and without strik­ ing incidents has just closed, and a brief report is here presented. The health of the missionaries on the ground has been uniformly good, and the number now in this country for needed rest is unusually small. The return of Mr. and Mrs. Peet, after two years’ absence, is a signal cause of rejoicing to this mission and to the three other missions having their business centre at Constantinople. Mr. Peet’s stedfast refusal of flattering business openings in this country, in order to resume his varied and most exacting duties in the field, illustrates the deep hold which missionary work is wont to take upon the heart and thoughts of those who engage in it. Mrs. Newell has resumed her place in Stamboul, summoned by 3 6 Western Turkey Mission. [Report,

the exigencies of the work before her strength was fully regained. Happily she was accompanied by Miss Jones, an experienced teacher, who will share her home and work. Miss Zimmer and Miss Gile have joined the noble force of teachers in the mission,, the former in the Girls’ School at Cesarea, the latter in the Girls’ College at Constantinople. Dr. Herrick returns to Marsovan in advance of his family, to relieve Mr. Tracy for a visit to this country, and is to be accompanied by Mr. and Mrs. White, who are to share in the growing work of this station. Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett return to Smyrna much improved in health, accompanied by Miss Lawrence, and by their daughter, Miss Nellie, under appointment as an assistant missionary. Mrs. Bamum has returned to this country to place her son in school and for a brief respite; Miss Fensham is visiting among friends and seeking firmer health; Mr. and Mrs. Dodd have leave of absence, the former to pursue special medical studies in Germany with reference to the growing medical work at Cesarea, the latter to visit her friends at home. The native force which stands by the side of these missionaries and supple­ ments their work in every field steadily gains in numbers, in strength of charac­ ter and competency for service, and in true evangelistic zeal. The spirit of mutual fraternal love and confidence has perhaps never been happier or more active than at the present time. Additional laborers, both native and foreign, are greatly needed. An associate for Miss Cull at Broosa, another teacher for each of the girls’ schools at Smyrna, at Cesarea, and at Marsovan, and a third woman for the work at Gedik Pasha, are called for at once.

THE STATIONS.

Broosa. — Twenty-five years since the Bithynia Synod was organized at Broosa, and the anniversary was appropriately marked by the coming of the synod to the place of its origin. Great interest and good results attended this occasion. The departure of Miss Wells at midwinter left the Girls’ School weakened in teaching force; but two native assistants, graduates of the school, rose happily to the emergency, and a successful year, with full numbers and good religious interes^ is reported. Mr. Baldwin has visited large portions of the field several times, and Mr. Crawford has visited nearly all the Greek villages within the limits of the station. While there are not a few features of the work which are unsatis­ factory, there is a marked improvement over last year in the report just sub­ mitted. The happy settlement of an able pastor by council at Mounadchai last autumn is one of the pleasantest facts recited. Cesarea. — The return of Mr. and Mrs. Fowle has been the marked event of the year in regard to the missionary force. A cheering report comes from nearly all the six churches connected with this station. Numbers have increased, con­ tributions have been well sustained, religious interest has been quickened, and gratifying evidence given of the deepening hold the gospel is gaining upon the heart and the life. The faithful touring and equally faithful preaching of the laborious missionaries in part explain these results; the zealous and patient efforts of the pastors and preachers have also been most helpful. It is a special 1890.] Western Turkey Mission. 3 7

pleasure to note the deep and strong hold which Pastor Krikorian has already gained at Yozgat; and the situation there is a most happy and striking proof of what a thoroughly educated pastor can accomplish, if disposed to throw his whole soul into the work among his own people. The fact that thoroughly trained and devoted men are needed at many points is forced upon the attention, and presents one of the special necessities of the field. At the same time great credit is due to the preachers and teachers who stand by the work and do their best amid many difficulties and discouragements. The mission schools have had a year of prosperity and growth. The high schools at Cesarea and Yozgat are doing better work every year, and are commanding increasing attention and respect. At Cesarea a fixed tuition, the same for rich and poor, is required of every student. The Girls’ Boarding School at Talas has found its new building and larger accommodations most timely and satisfactory. One consequence has been an attendance quite beyond all past experience, about equally divided between Armenians and Greeks. Eight girls were graduated last year, all but two of whom are engaged in teaching. A kindergarten school has been maintained the past year, without expense to the mission and with happy results, and plans are formed1 to continue and enlarge it the coming year. Dr. Dodd has found the medical work growing upon his hands. The number of treatments in 1887 wa§ 1,200; in 1888, 2,075, and in 1889, 4,236; and the receipts from this service meet all the expenses involved, and leave a handsome balance in the account. The importance of this arm of the service has seemed so great that it has been thought wise for Dr. Dodd to devote several months to special medical study in Germany, that he may be fully prepared to cope with the opportunity that opens before him. Constantinople. — The marked event in the history of this station this year is the generous gift of $5,000 by Mr. D. Willis James, of New York, to complete the sum needed for the new church building of the Vlanga congregation in Stamboul As soon as the necessary firman can be secured, the building will be erected Steps are already taken which promise a like blessing for the evangelical com­ munities of Pera, so long without any church home of their own. The unity of spirit among the native brethren and their generous pledges to this end are not the least hopeful features in the case. Preaching has been maintained throughout the year at seven places in the capital, and the numbers in attendance and the contributions have been well sustained. The harmony of feeling among the members of the evangelical communities and between these and the missionaries, reported in previous years, remains unchanged, and is one of the most hopeful signs as we look to the future. Mr. Brooks reports the Greek work under his care in its several departments as well maintained and presenting many hopeful features. Better facilities and larger means at command would easily extend its range and multiply results. Miss Twitchell (now Mrs. Crawford) has carried on the school and evangelistic work at Gedik Pasha with unusual tact, energy, and success. The unavoidable absence of Mrs. Newell has compelled a certain reduction in the amount Of 3 8 Western Turkey Mission. [Report, effort attempted ; but this year adds still more conclusive proof of the evidence already in hand that a point of rare advantage has been secured, and that valu­ able methods have been followed in the work. The day-school has numbered fifty-nine pupils, of whom twenty-nine have paid full tuition. Perhaps no congregation more interesting or attentive is gathered for a preaching service on the Sabbath anywhere within the limits of the city than at Gedik Pasha. The Home has changed its name to the American College for Girls in Con­ stantinople, and has taken a decided step forward in the standards of admission and graduation. The year has been one of large attendance, of enthusiastic study, and of healthful religious interest. The withdrawal of Miss Hamlin, by her marriage to Mr. Lee, of the Central Mission, from the place of special responsibility which she had filled so long and so ably, was a great loss to the college. Miss Olmstead, who joined the teaching force in the college last autumn, has entered upon her work with enthusiasm and promise of success. M arsovan. — The work of the year has fallen with undue weight upon the members of this station, owing in part to the necessary absence of Dr. Herrick and Miss Wright, and in part to the natural enlargement of the important schools located here. Happily Dr. Herrick is now ready to return, and is to be accom­ panied by Mr. and Mrs. White as a permanent addition to the laborers in this field. The most noticeable feature in the history of this station for the year is the formation of two new churches, under most happy auspices: one at Amasia, the ancient capital of Pontus; the other at Samsoon, the seaport of the station. In both instances this step has immediately quickened the religious life, and added efficiency to all Christian labors. From the other out-stations a good report is brought, in some instances recording special gains and growth. It is a promising field, well in hand, and yielding good results to faithful toil. The mother-church in Marsovan naturally has suffered not a little from the absence of its pastor and the consequent irregularity of pastoral service. The revival which visited the college and Girls’ School extended to the church and congregation, and resulted in many hopeful conversions. Eleven students have received instruction in the Theological Seminary and made good progress in their preparations for the work of the Christian ministry. This number falls far short of what is needed in the mission; and it is believed that the classes in the seminary will soon be materially larger in numbers and more thoroughly furnished for their chosen service. The college has gathered 118 students in its classes the past,year : 34 Greeks, 81 Armenians, 2 Germans, and 1 Jew. With slight exceptions the spirit of order, loyalty, and devotion to study has prevailed, and the results of the year’s work are highly satisfactory. The Girls’ Boarding School has had 113 pupils enrolled, forty-three of them boarders. About one fourth of the number are Greeks, the remainder Arme­ nians. The religious life of the school has been unusually active, prayer- meetings have been well attended, and several of the pupils have made public profession of their faith in Christ. N icom edia. — A happy addition to the churches of this station is reported, and increased attendance at public worship and in Sunday-schools. The church at Bardezag has been without a pastor, and the religious interests of the community i 89o.] Western Turkey Mission. 39

have suffered in consequence. The labors of the faithful native evangelist, who visits the out-stations several times a year and aids the native preachers, have been constant and wisely directed and most useful. The Boys’ High School at Bardezag has gathered eighty-seven pupils from twenty-five different cities and villages within the limits of the mission, and has sent out a graduating class of twelve. The religious interest in the school has been more decided than usual, and during the year eight of the pupils and one of the native teachers, with his wife, united with the church by confession. The Self-help Department in the school, by means of which those otherwise unable to meet their expenses are enabled to continue their studies, has numbered twenty-five the past year, and these are among the best scholars and most promising pupils in the school. The Girls’ School at Adabazar has gathered fifty-five pupils and has enjoyed a pros­ perous year-of study. Sivas. — This station has within its borders six cities and 1,510 villages, with a population of 421,000, about one fourth nominally Christian. Three preachers, one evangelist, and twenty-four teachers represent the native agency at work by the side of the two missionary families and the missionary teacher located here. The number added to the churches is the largest in any single year, save one, in the history of the station ; and the attendance at public worship and in the Sunday- schools is well maintained. The Boys’ High School, with twenty-four pupils, and the Girls’ High School, with thirty-seven pupils, have enjoyed a year of unusual prosperity. A uniform course of study for the common schools has been adopted by the station conference, which it is hoped will secure better results and bind these schools more closely to the central schools at Sivas. One great need in the field is that of preachers and teachers well qualified for their work and zealously devoted to it. Mr. English, in closing his report for the year, says : “ While we realize our limitations and the inadequacy of the means at hand for the prosecu­ tion of our work, the retrospect of the past year and the outlook for the future are more hopeful than they were one year ago.” Sm yrna. — The station has been specially reduced in force by the absence of Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett, Miss Lawrence and Miss Bartlett, and by the long and painful illness of Dr. Constantine. The church and Sunday-school work in Smyrna have been more than usually prosperous. All the mission schools have been well maintained, in spite of the absence some of of the teachers. The Boys’ High School has almost doubled in numbers, a proof of its importance and success. The Girls’ School, with its eighty pupils, is steadily gaining in influence and favorable recognition,'and the religious character of the school is marked and happy. Mr. McNaughton has given faithful supervision to the work in the out-stations, and brings a favorable report from nearly every school and congregation in the vast area occupied by the station. The work among the Greek population under the care of this station and under the special direction of the Greek Evangelical Alliance has suffered from Dr. Constantine’s enforced absence; at the same time the native brethren in charge have wrought faithfully and with cheering results. Trebizond. — The year has been marked by events cheering and disturbing. In the out-stations, and especially at Ordoo, there has been much to awaken 4 0 Central Turkey Mission. [Report,

gratitude and to inspire hope. A visit of Mr. Tracy to Ordoo was greatly blessed to the people of both the Greek and the Armenian communities; and these congregations, though separate in churcii organization and worship, dwell together in cordial fellowship and brotherly love. There have been substantial gains in church-membership, in attendance upon public worship and Sunday-schools, and in contributions, in nearly every part of the field. At Trebizond a chronic difficulty in the church has broken out into more extreme forms, and has seriously disturbed and rent the community, and unfor­ tunately has involved the missionary in charge to some degree. The resignation and withdrawal of the pastor who was most active in this controversy, it is hoped, may open the way to greater quiet and harmony in the future.

PUBLICATION WORK.

The Publication Department reports a year of active and varied labors in the several languages in which its work is done. The summary of its work is as follows : —

Armenian volumes and t r a c t s ...... 2,642,360 pages Armeno-Turkish volumes and tracts...... 995,704 „ Greco-Turkish volumes and t r a c t s ...... 1,460,016 ,, Greek volumes and t r a c t s ...... 63,000 „

Total number of p a g e s ...... 5,161,080

CENTRAL TURKEY MISSION.

A i n t a b . — Americus Fuller, D.D., Charles S. Sanders, Missionaries; Charles W . Riggs, Teacher; Mrs. M. A . Trowbridge (residing at Constantinople;, Mrs. Amelia D. Fuller, Mrs. Electa C. Riggs, Miss Ellen M. Pierce, Miss Annie D. Graham. Residing at Oorfa. — Miss Henrietta West, Miss Ida Mellinger. Residing at Kessai. — Lucien H. Adams, Missionary ; Mrs. N. D. Adams.

M a r a s h . — Thomas D. Christie, Lucius O. Lee, Missionaries; Mrs. Carmelite B. Christie, Mrs. Clara H. Lee, Miss Corinna Shattuck, Miss Ellen M. Blakeley. Residing at Adana.— Willis W . Mead, Missionary; Mrs. Harriet N. Mead, Miss Mary G. Webb, Miss Lizzie S. Webb. Residing at Hadjin. — Mrs. Josephine L. Coffin, Miss Eula G. Bates. In this country. — Mrs. Emily F. Montgomery, Mrs. Etta C. Marden. Two stations; 49 out-stations; 6 ordained missionaries; 1 teacher; 19 female assistant mission­ aries; 17 native pastors; 19 other preachers; 115 native teachers; 6 other helpers; 57 places for stated preaching; average congregations, 9,689; 33 churches: 5,055 members; 793 added during the year; 9,500 scholars in Sunday-schools; pecuniary contributions, ¿55,340.06; 1 theological seminary: 19 pupils; 7 boys’ high schools: 238 pupils; 5 girls’ boarding schools: 210 pupils; 99 common schools: 5,077 pupils; total number under instruction, 5,544.

The force in this field has again suffered serious loss in the death of one of its oldest and most valued members, Rev. Henry Marden, of Marash. Always abundant in labors, the past year had been one of more than usual toil and care; and as with his family he was on the way to this country for rest, the fatal disease fell upon him at Athens and quickly did its work. Mrs. Marden plans to resume her work after a year or two in this country. Dr. and Mrs. Graham have I890.J Central Turkey Mission. 41 deemed it best to accept a very urgent call to the Syrian Protestant College at Beirut, and have been released from their connection with the Board. Miss Tucker’s marriage naturally transfers her to another field, at least for the present. Mr. and Mrs. Adams have been recommissioned and have already taken up their residence and work at Kessab, much to the joy of their associates and of the native brethren. Miss Mary Webb has joined her sister in the schoolwork at Adana, and Miss Mellinger is on her way to share Miss West’s important work at Oorfa. This mission, in common with nearly all the world, has suffered from the presence of la grippe in every station, not a little to the inconvenience of laborers and to the hindrance of the work. The great revival at Aintab, mentioned in the last report, resulted not only in the accession of 538 members to the three churches of that city, but also in the deepening and enrichment of the Christian life in the College and Girls’ School, as well as in the community at large. Happily the same blessing, in good meas­ ure, came in turn to several other places in the mission, to Marash, to Hadjin, to Adana, and to Tarsus, and the churches in all these cities were strengthened both in numbers and in piety. The influence was felt not only among the members of the Protestant community but reached also to many Gregorian families. No event of recent years, scarcely an event in the whole history of the mission, has proven so clearly the divine blessing upon the work or has brought so pure and great a blessing. Native and foreign laborers alike thank God, and turn to their labors with new courage and livelier hope.

THE STATIONS.

A intab. — An interesting feature of the revival of last summer was the forma­ tion of societies for the strengthening and directing of the Christian life among young people of the several churches. A Home Missionary Society was also formed during the progress of the revival, and the collections for this purpose, taken once in two months, have averaged about five hundred piastres. Only one of the converts, so far as can be ascertained, has fallen into open sin, a remark­ able result considering the numbers and the inevitable excitement of the occa­ sion. Mr. Sanders has had general charge of the field connected with Aintab, and reports from the several out-stations the course of events for the year. The usual work in church and school has been maintained with results that are, in some cases, most encouraging and hopeful and in others meagre and unsatisfac­ tory. The poverty of the people and the oppressive taxes of the government are constant obstacles to the progress of self-support among the churches; and it is occasion for surprise and gratitude that so much is done under circum­ stances so disheartening, rather than for wonder that more progress is not made. With many instances of faithful pastors and preachers whose lives and labors are a continual blessing to their people, there are still too many who are but imper­ fectly qualified for their work and whose hearts are too little in sympathy with their work. The need of missionary supervision and stimulus is obvious every­ where, and happily such care is heartily welcomed. The College maintains its numbers and high standards most creditably under Dr. Fuller’s wise direction; and its life has been deeply and happily influenced by the revival. It is to be 42 Central Turkey Mission. [ Report,

regretted that the graduates of the College do not in greater numbers enter the Seminary at Marash, for the work of the ministry, and thus realize the chief end for which the College was organized and is maintained. The great event of the year in the history of the Aintab Girls’ School is the completion of the large and commodious building which replaces the one that was burned. After Easter vacation the school was transferred from its temporary quarters in an old mis­ sion-house to its permanent home, with great rejoicings. Twenty-four of the Aintab girls belonging to the Seminary were received to. the churches as the fruits of the great revival; and the school-life throughout the year has felt the inspiring and sobering influence of these higher purposes and nobler hopes. The attendance during the year has been seventy, a larger number of them than ever before meeting all their expenses, and seven received diplomas at the close of the year. Miss West brings a cheering report of the Oorfa Girls’ High School and of work among women in that part of the field. The Girls’ School has increased its attendance to thirty-eight, and the course of study has been extended. For two hours every morning Miss West has held a Bible class for larger girls and young married women, numbering fifteen pupils, from which good results have already appeared. Four of the pupils in these schools have united with the church this year, and others are waiting for the next opportunity to take this step. The woman’s weekly prayer-meetings in eight different districts of the city have continued, with growing interest. The hearty interest of the native brethren in this work of Miss West and their generous support of the work are most cheering signs. With an American associate for Miss West the coming year, there is promise of still larger and happier results. During the latter part of the year Mr. and Mrs. Adams took up their residence in the mission-house at Kessab, and have already become thoroughly engaged in setting things in order and rallying the Christian forces of the region to united and earnest labors. M arash. — The death of Mr. Marden has made it impossible to give a full report of the out-stations which were under his especial care. He had visiied the field more thoroughly the past year than for a long time before, and had held preaching services of unusual length and interest in several cities. Anticipating his absence from the field his labors were abundant and unsparing, to the bless­ ing of the field and to the undue exhaustion of his own strength. Accounts of these labors, received in the course of regular correspondence with the Mission­ ary Rooms, reveal the deep and genuine interest of the man in the spiritual welfare of this people and his rare tact in finding his way to their hearts and confidence, and present lively and hopeful reports of the state of the work. Alas, that the hand is listless and the voice is still that for many years have wrought in such sincerity and joy amid these villages and in these homes ! A revival visited Marash in the autumn and resulted in many hopeful conver­ sions and in a good degree of spiritual quickening among the churches. In the Theological Seminary a class of eight pupils, five of them graduates of the College at Aintab, has pursued its studies in the regular three years’ course and has made satisfactory progress. A special class of eleven pupils has received instruction during the year in biblical and systematic theology, in homiletics, and in special exegetical study. This is an experiment to furnish pastors and I890.J Central Ttirkcy Mission. 4

preachers a brief opportunity to review theological studies and gather fresh resources and impulse for their work; and so far the plan has worked happily. The Central Turkey Girls’ College reports a year of uneventful but prosperous work. Thirty-nine pupils have been in attendance and four were graduated at the close of the year. Of these pupils twenty-seven are active church-members, working in the Sunday-schools of the churches and in the lines of effort prose­ cuted by the Young People’s Societies of Christian Endeavor, of which there are two branches for girls in the city. An active Foreign Missionary Society, bearing the name “ Lights of Darkness,” is maintained in the College, auxiliary to the Woman’s Board of Missions for the Interior. An additional American teacher for the College, who can teach music as well as other branches, has been called for during the past two years, and the urgency is now imperative. Mr. Mead, reporting for that part of the field having Adana as its centre, mentions as of first importance the revival of last March in Adana, in conse­ quence of which fifty-three have been received to the church and as many more were hopefully converted. The church at Tarsus has also received nineteen new members as fruits of the revival there. From other points come a favorable report of the year and hopeful prospects for the future. The number of pupils in the schools throughout this field has been diminished because the Gregorians have opened similar schools without any charge for tuition. The want of an associate has imposed special labors upon Miss Webb in the Girls’ School at Adana; but a successful year is reported, with notable progress in certain direc­ tions. Of the thirty-nine pupils in attendance, twenty-three were boarders and six have united with the church. For the first time, in the highest class, English has been required as the language of study and recitation. Careful instruction in composition has this year been added to the course. The coming of Miss Mary Webb cannot but prove a great relief to her sister and a great advantage to the school. The teachers of this school have supervision over the girls’ schools of all grades throughout the Cilician Plain. Miss Webb’s report mentions six schools, three of them taught by young women, with 188 pupils, each pupil paying tuition for the privileges of the school. The report closes with these words : “ One of the most marked features of our schoolwork this year has been the falling off in the number of pupils, caused by the opening of free schools by the Armenians. Even these schools may be taken as part of the indirect influence of our work, since, as a rule, only in places where we have work do they feel the need of schools. But, though employed to inoculate the doctrines of the Gregorian Church, this is much better than to leave the people in ignorance.” Mrs. Coffing, reporting woman’s work in the Hadjin field, gives a review of the ten years since she and Miss Spencer took up their residence at Hadjin. After mentioning some of the obstacles and discouragements, she adds: “ There’s a brighter side to the picture. We can say that during, eight years, in a school of thirty-five scholars, not a scholar was absent a day, except one pupil detained by sickness. We graduated four classes, containing in all twenty-two pupils. These girls have together taught fifty school years; three of them are wives of preachers; one has graduated from Central Turkey College 4 4 Eastern Turkey Mission. [Report,

for Girls, and two others are now in that College. This tenth year we have graduated a fifth class of ten pupils who have finished the whole course with credit ; and we have good hope that the whole class will enter the College this fall.” Much work has been done outside the walls of Hadjin Home, in women’s meetings, Sunday-schools, and house-to-house visitation in the neighboring villages. Mrs. Coffing gives generous praise to her native assistants, both men and women, for the efficiency and success of her work, and rejoices in the presence and help of Miss Bates.

EASTERN TURKEY MISSION.

ERZROOM. — David A. Richardson, Frederick W . Macallum, Missionaries; Mrs. Myra W . Richardson, Mrs. Henrietta M. Macallum, Miss Harriet G. Powers, Miss Abi L. Preston, M.D. HARPOOT.— Orson P. Allen, Crosby H. Wheeler, D.D., Herman N. Barnum, D.D., John K. Browne, James L. Barton, Missionaries; Mrs. Caroline R. Allen, Mrs. Susan A. Wheeler, Mrs. Mary E. Bar­ num, Mrs. Leila Browne, Mrs. Flora E. Barton, Miss Harriet Seymour, Miss Caroline E. Bush, Miss Emily C. Wheeler, Miss Mary L. Daniels, Miss Alice Heald, Miss Emma M. Barnum. MARDIN. — Alpheus X. Andrus, Willis C. Dewey, John A. Ainslie, Missionaries; D. M . B. Thom, M.D., Physician ; Mrs. Olive L. Andrus, Mrs. Seraphina T. Dewey, Mrs. Ellen D. Ainslie, Mrs. Helen L. Thom, Miss Maria G. Nutting, Miss Clarissa H. Pratt. BlTLlS. — George C. Knapp, George P. Knapp, Missionaries; Mrs. Alzina M. Knapp, Mrs. Anna H. Knapp, Miss Charlotte E. Ely, Miss Maty A . C. Ely.

V a n . — George C. Raynolds, M.D., Frederic D. Greene, Missionaries; Mrs. Susan F. Greene, Miss L. E. Johnson, Miss Ellen R. Ladd. In this country.— Robert Chambers, Royal M. Cole, Caleb F. Gates, William N. Chambers, Mis­ sionaries; Mrs. Elizabeth L. Chambers, Mrs. Lizzie Cole, Mrs. Martha W . Raynolds, Mrs. Mary Ellen Gates, Mrs. Cornelia B. Chambers, Miss Grace N. Kimball. Five stations; 127 out-stations; 18 ordained missionaries; 1 physician; 34 female assistant mission­ aries; 29 native pastors; 45 native preachers; 178 native teachers; 46 other native helpers; 135 places for stated preaching; average congregations, 11,482; 41 churches: 2,807 members; 2I7 added this year; 6,982 pupils in Sunday-schools; total contributions, $11,454.68 ; 2 theological seminaries: 11 pupils; 14 boys' boarding and high schools: 523 pupils; 6 girls' boarding schools: 194 pupils; 156 common schools: 6,237 pupils; others under instruction, 993; total number in schools, 7,950; 1 hospital and 3 dispensaries: 7,387 patients treated.

With but one or two exceptions the health of the force in this field has been unbroken, and the work in every line has been pressed with quite the usual energy and success. Political disturbances have broken out at several points, and with special energy and critical circumstances at Erzroom. The cholera has recently appeared at Mardin and other points. It seemed best, in view of these and other facts, to forego the annual meeting which was appointed to be held at Van. It is a pleasure to report the addition of three families to this mission: Mr. and Mrs. Greene relieving the long-standing need at Van ; Mr. and Mrs. Knapp reinforcing Bitlis, and Mr. and Mrs. Macallum coming to the aid of Mr. Richard­ son at Erzroom. Mr. Greene and Mr. Knapp, whose parents are still in active service in the Turkish Empire, return to the scenes of their childhood, Mr. Greene having been bom at Broosa, and Mr. Knapp at Bitlis. Mr. and Mrs. Gates, Mr. and Mrs. W. N. Chambers, and Mrs. Raynolds have returned to this I890.J Eastern Turkey Mission. 4 5 country for rest and improved health. The state of Mrs. Robert Chambers’s health forbids their return to Erzroom at present, and Miss Kimball prolongs her stay in this country to complete the medical studies she is now pursuing.

THE STATIONS.

Only a part of the documents usually submitted at the Annual Meeting have been forwarded this year, and hence the report must be somewhat meagre in details. Erzroom . — No written report of this station has been received. At the time when it would have been prepared and sent, the city was in the midst of the commotion which was caused by an order from the government to search the quarters occupied by the Armenians for concealed arms and the resentment of the people toward the execution of that order. In the disturbances which fol­ lowed neither the missionaries nor the Protestant community were involved, and no special injury was done to missionary property. The uncertainties of the future necessarily place a certain embarrassment upon all missionary plans and labors; but for the present there is no direct interference with the evangelical community or with the missionary work that is carried on among them. Miss Powers has been far from well during much of the year, and yet has labored zealously, to the full extent of her strength, in the Girls’ School, and has had the pleasure of seeing the pupils make good progress in studies, and many of them entering actively upon the Christian life. Miss Preston’s health has been such as to stand in the way of satisfactory study and work through most of the year, and she sought relief by residing at Trebizond during the summer and early autumn, and is now on her way to the United States. A great and interesting work in behalf of women stands ready for any one who can enter upon it, and the station calls earnestly for some devoted woman to enter this open door. During the early winter a revival visited Erzroom and Erzingan, and resulted in the removal of difficulties and alienations, the quickening of believers, and the hopeful conversion of many souls. H arpoot. — This station rejoices in the large force that administers its varied work, the long and fruitful service of its veteran laborers, and the presence of so many of the children of these veterans, taking up the labors of the fathers and extending their influence to wider fields and later days. Unfortunately the native pastorate, upon which an ever-increasing share of the evangelistic and educational work must be devolved, shows no ^corresponding gains, but has even diminished, the exodus to America during this year being greater than ever. Notwithstanding this fact, it is a noble and inspiring force of 159 native laborers which aids in the work in this valley of the Euphrates. If too large a part of the preaching be necessarily left to those who lack suitable experience and training for the best work, it is grateful to record the earnestness and patience which so many of these teachers and colporters and Bible-women bring to their tasks. The Sabbath congregations and the Sunday-schools have steadily increased, and the civil head of the Protestant community records a gain of several hundreds this year. There are cheering signs also that those who still remain in the Old Church are ill at ease, eager for better preaching and for a truer 46 Eastern Turkey Mission. [Report,

life. No widespread or marked revival influences have been enjoyed by the churches of this station, and this is felt to be the one thing needful to deepen the consecration of believers and to give the gospel power over the hearts and lives of those who are still without. The educational work of this station thrives and expands. Mr. Browne’s report summarizes the facts as follows : “ In our seventy-eight common schools we have 2,261 male pupils and 1,501 female pupils. In our nine high schools we have 278 boys. Our Bible-women have nearly 700 under instruction, mostly adults. If with all these we reckon the 600 comprised within Euphrates College, we have 4,816 under instruc­ tion, a gain of 556 over last year.” A wide, silent, but effective influence works through all these schools toward the evangelization of the Gregorian youth in them and of the families from which these youth are drawn. Every school is an evangelical centre where the gospel is preached and practically inculcated day by day throughout the year. As a check upon undue felicitation in view of this almost universal interest in Christian education, it is remarked that in too many instances parents and children alike seem to value education chiefly for the pecuniary advantages it brings, and seek for it, not as a preparation for more zealous and effective Christian work, but as the best means of getting on suc­ cessfully in business and in the accumulation of wealth. This mercenary spirit is naturally strong in this people, and needs restraint and regulation rather than intensifying. Those in this country who favor the coming of Armenians to study in our schools should heed the following words in this report: “ O f those from this field entering our theological seminaries at home not one has returned to labor here.” The pecuniary contributions of the people, in spite of poverty and oppressive taxes, continue to increase from year to year. This year they have paid $2,431 in salaries, $550 in repairs, $4,960 in board and tuition of scholars, $1,063 i*1 charities, making a total of $9,012 in a total church-member­ ship of 2,965. M ardin . — This station has been cheered by the return of Mr. and Mrs. Andrus and Miss Pratt. The year has not been marked by any special revival interest, save in the High School at Mardin. The divisive influence of Ply­ mouth Brethrenism has been deeply felt, and a separate congregation of this order has been established. Contributions for church purposes have fallen slightly below those of last year, while for school purposes there is a marked advance, not an altogether wholesome indication. The station needs imme­ diate and decided reinforcements. Mr. Ainslie spent the winter in Mosul, and finds the doors of opportunity more in number and more inviting than ever before. Another family and one or two single woman would no more than suffice to meet the present needs in Mosul and the villages around. Four students graduated from the Theological Seminary this year, a gain upon pre­ vious years, and yet a meagre supply for the large field that is dependent upon this centre for pastors and preachers. The Boys’ High School has improved upon its record for previous years in an attendance of fifty-four pupils, and in the superior quality of the work done. The Girls’ Boarding School has gath­ ered thirty-five pupils, and has enjoyed a year of great prosperity. Miss Nutting has devoted her main strength to this school, aided by capable native teachers, 1890.] Eastern Turkey Mission. 47 and at the same time has given much valuable supervision to the kindergarten, which has grown up under her immediate direction in former years. Miss Pratt has devoted herself to work for women in the city and in the villages, visiting twelve places for work and spending eighty-nine days in out-stations. She finds a great work to do, and many encouragements in her work. An associate for help and society is urgently needed. The early return of Mr. and Mrs. Gates, absent in this country for rest, is strongly desired by their associates and by the native brethren. Dr. Thom reports 7,000 patients treated during the year in the hospital and dispensaries, besides long and fatiguing journeys to Harpoot and Mosul for special medical services. The presence of the cholera in Mar- din, at the time proposed for the annual meeting of the mission, made it im­ prudent for any delegates to go to Van, and this was one principal reason why the annual meeting was not held. None of the missionary force has been affected by this scourge, but its presence awakens solicitude for the future. B itlis. — The force of this station has been reduced by the absence of Mr. and Mrs. Cole, and in consequence less has been accomplished in touring the field. The appointment of Mr. George P. Knapp and his return, with Mrs. Knapp, to the place of his birth to share the labors of his parents are joyful events and promise much for the future. The disturbances which have appeared elsewhere have affected this region occupied by the station to some degree, and have restricted the labors _of the missionaries. Miss Mary Ely’s return to her work after several months’ absence was a great blessing to her sister and to the school. A good year’s work in the Mount Holyoke Seminary of Koordistan is reported, with an attendance of forty-six pupils, four of whom were graduated at the end of the year. Miss Ely’s report closes thus : “ It affords us pleasure to be able to say that all the graduates of this school have taken decided part in evangelistic work, and that many former pupils, not receiving diplomas, are also engaged in teaching and efforts to promote the enlightenment of their own sex in this dark land.” The High School /or boys has had eighty-three pupils in attendance, and has been sustained with growing interest. In both these schools there has been a healthful and strong religious interest, and several of their pupils have publicly professed their faith in Christ. Van. — Dr. Raynolds has been greatly cheered and helped in his work by the presence and labors of Mr. Herbert Allen, a son of the mission, and also by the return of Miss Johnson to the Girls’ School and the work for women, accom­ panied by Miss Ladd. Mrs. Raynolds spent most of the year in Constantinople, and is now in this country for recuperation and rest. Miss Kimball prolongs her stay in America to thoroughly fit herself for the medical and evangelistic work among women, to which she expects wholly to devote herself. With the more thorough supervision made possible by the increased missionary force all evangelistic and educational interests have received a decided impulse. Larger congregations greet the preachers, Sunday-schools gather larger classes, and some new efforts for interesting the people in the city have been successfully undertaken. A very dense ignorance and deep prejudice against foreigners among the people of the villages, at present, stand in the way of the extension of the work to new centres. The Boys’ and Girls’ Schools in Van have enjoyed a year of unusual prosperity. Mr. Allen has had charge of the former, and has 48 Marathi Mission. [Report,

been able to advance its interests in a very marked degree. Miss Johnson has had charge of the latter, and, with Miss Ladd’s assistance, has had the pleasure of seeing its classes well filled and its work well done. The number of pupils in the Boys’ School was sixty-six, with thirty-seven in the primary department. Miss Johnson speaks in terms of warm commendation of the management of the school by native teachers during the absence of the American ladies. A class of ten promising girls, however, who would have graduated had the for­ eign teachers been in the school, had been broken up. The number of pupils for the year has been twenty, with sixty in the primary department. Work for women has been quickened by the return of the American teachers, and a Bible class for young married women is reported, with an attendance of eight. Dr. Raynolds reports the treatment of some 300 patients, with a steady increase in the call for this arm of the service.

MARATHI MISSION.

B o m b a y . — Edward S. Hume, Justin E. Abbott, Missionaries; Mrs. Charlotte E. Hume, Miss Elizabeth M. Lyman, Miss Anna L. Millard, Miss Anstice Abbott; Editor, Anandraw M. Sangale. Native agents, 36; out-stations, 9. Ahm ednagar. — Lem uel Bissell, D.D., S. B. Fairbank, D.D., Robert A. Hume, James Smith, Corliss W. Lay, Missionaries; Robert McCullough, Teacher; Mrs. Mary E. Bissell, Mrs. Katie Hume, Mrs. Maud Smith, Miss Emily R. Bissell, Miss Hattie L. Bruce, Mrs. Lillian B. Lay, Miss Belle Nugent Native agents, 62; out-stations, 10. WADALE.— Henry Fairbank, Missionary; Mrs. Ruby E. Fairbank. Native agents, 41; out- stations, 19. RAHURI.— William O. Ballantine, M.D., Missionary ; Mrs. Josephine L. Ballantine. Native agents, 36; out-stations, 18. S lR U R .— In charge of Dr. Bissell. Native agents, 27; out-stations, 10. Satara AND W ai D istrict. — Henry J. Bruce, Missionary; Mrs. Hepzibeth P . Bruce, Mrs. Minnie C. Sibley, Miss Jeannette P. Gordon. Native agents, 24; out-stations, 6. SHOLAPUR.— Charles Harding, L. S . Gates, Missionaries; Mrs. Elizabeth D. Harding, Mrs. Frances Anna Gates. Native agents, 35 ; out-stations, 11. Kolgaw D istrict. — In charge of Dr. Bissell. Native agents, 16; out-stations, 7. Parner D istrict. — In charge of Rev. R. A . Hume. Native agents, 14; out-stations, 10.

Jambgaw D istrict. — In charge of Rev. R. A . Hume. Native agents, 9 ; out-stations, 7. In this country— Richard Winsor, Missionary; Mrs. Mary C. Winsor. Seven stations; 107 out-stations; 13 missionaries, one of them a physician; 1 maie teacher; 19 female assistant missionaries; 18 native pastors; 21 preachers; 1 editor; 43 Bible readers; 3 medical catechists; 32 Bible-women; 184 teachers; total native helpers, 302; 33 churches: 2,115 members* Received on confession, 192. Contributions, #1,755.

The following missionaries who were in this country for purposes of health and recreation, at the time of the last report, have returned to their respective fie ld s : Rev. S. B. Fairbank, d .d ., Rev. H. J. Bruce and family, and Rev. James Smith and family. Mr. Bruce was accompanied by his daughter, who at once entered upon work at Ahmednagar in connection with the Girls’ School, taking the place of Miss Julia Bissell, who had returned to engage in medical study in this country. In June of the present year, Mr. and Mrs. James Smith returned, accompanied by Misses Gordon and Nugent. Later the mission was reinforced by the arrival of Mr. and Mrs. Lay. Mr. Winsor has been obliged to visit the United States for the health of his family. I890.J Marathi Mission. 49

The mission recalls, with tender interest, the memory of Rev. Amos Abbott and Mrs. Anstice Abbott, formerly connected with the mission, in which they labored during twenty-five years. Mr. Abbott died at the home of his daughter in Ryde, Isle of Wight, England, on the twenty-fourth of April, 1889; Mrs. Abbott at the same place, July 27, 1889. Mr. Abbott, besides the ordinary duties of a missionary, rendered valuable service also as a physician, and endeared himself to all with whom he came in contact. He wrote and translated many tracts which are a valuable addition to the Marathi Christian literature. Mrs. Abbott was ever a true helpmeet in her labors of faith and love, and not only her own children, but men, women, and children in the mission field, will rise up to call her blessed. The mission reports progress at every point during the year under review : in the increased number of communicants, in the increased attendance on schools, and in contributions for Christian objects. The number received on confession of faith is larger than in any previous year of the mission, not such an increase as had been hoped for, but such as greatly to encourage the missionaries to new energy and effort. Perhaps one of the pleasantest evidences of increased regard for missionaries on the part of the .people was the cordial reception given to Dr. Fairbank on his return. A like reception awaited Mr. Bruce and his family. It is pleasant to notice the profound respect and warm personal regard which our missionaries have inspired in the minds and hearts of the people among whom they labor. The missionaries too are encouraged by the testimony given by representatives of other mission fields, especially by missionaries passing through India from Japan. In regard to the attitude of the educated classes, Rev. R. A. Hume writes as follows : “ Time was, and that not very long ago, when most people in India did not expect Christianity to make much headway, and when they would have been sorry to have it do so. My strong impression is that now very many, perhaps most, thinking Indian people expect it to make greater and greater conquests, and in the main they believe that this will be good for the country and for those who become Christians. Perhaps the majority of these would not object to have the members of other families become professing Christians, but they would oppose such a profession from their own families. Still, one intelligent Indian sub-judge lately said to me : ‘ If my son should say to me, “ Papa, I am a Christian at heart and wish to profess my faith,” I should really be glad.’ When leading men go so far, the day will come when they must see that what would be good for their sons must be good for themselves.’’

CHURCHES.

More activity is reported on the part of church-members, and a worthier appreciation of their responsibility for the progress of the gospel. Rev. Henry Fairbank writes of a net gain of sixty-two members to the six churches in the district under his care. A native pastor speaks of members of the churches as appreciating more than formerly the importance and privilege of keeping the Lord’s day holy, and of generous efforts on the part of these churches to help their poor brethren. 5 0 Marathi Mission. [Report,

EDUCATION.

Fourteen young men, selected from the best of the Bible readers and teachers, were engaged the past year in theological study on the plan of studying five months, and then going out seven months of the year to engage in evangel­ istic work. Four such terms of study are allowed these young men in prepara­ tion for the ministry. The High School and College at Ahmednagar, in the absence of Mr. Smith on account of ill-health, was left in the care of Mr. McCullough and his corps of native teachers, assisted for a time by Miss Julia Bissell. The institution has maintained its character during the year despite the disadvantages under which it has labored. The number of students in attendance has averaged 200. The Christian School at Bombay has had 151 pupils in attendance during the year. This school is rejoicing in better accommodations through the purchase of property well adapted to serve as a dormitory, by the Woman’s Board of Missions, to be known as Bowker Hall, in honor of the late President of the Board. The Girls’ School at Ahmednagar has been well sustained through the year and won hearty commendation from representatives of the government as well as from missionaries. The Industrial School at Sirur is also more and more appreciated, and the boys who have been trained in it to the use of mechanical implements are giving practical evidence of the value of the institution. Several high-caste girls’ schools have been established with much promise — one at Ahmednagar, and two others in the neighborhood of Bombay. By this means not only girls of high caste are reached, but the families from which they come. The success of these schools is now assured, and they are doing much to break down the prejudice which persons of high caste have long felt toward, the gospel. The station schools at different points and the village schools generally have been maintained the past year much as heretofore. The village schools espe­ cially are furnishing means of introducing the gospel into many villages not other­ wise reached, and their number might be increased almost indefinitely were there adequate funds for this purpose. Indeed the missionaries feel more and more that the establishing of village schools at new points is the most effective means of preparing the way for the preaching of the gospel.

SUNDAY-SCHOOLS.

One interesting feature of the work in this mission is Sabbath-school instruc­ tion. The number of these schools is now 124, attended by 4,718 pupils. One of these schools in Bombay has an average attendance of over 200. The scholars are carefully arranged according to their ages and attainments, and the International series of lessons is followed, with the various appliances employed in the schools in England and America. Mr. Hume writes that “ even to one who cannot understand the language spoken, the enthusiasm of the audience, the earnest manner of the teachers and scholars, and the excellent singing are inspiring.” This Sabbath-school, connected with the church at Bombay, is the mother of eleven mission Sabbath-schools, most of which are held in school- houses or private dwellings, where companies of men, women, boys, and girls 1890.] Marathi Mission. 51 to the number of 400 are gathered together for Bible study. Mr. R. A. Hume writes of the Sunday-school connected with the Ahmednagar church as having thirty classes and 450 pupils on the roll. The Christian Endeavor Society at Ahmednagar conducts a large number of schools for non-Christians. Mr. Fairbank writes of the small Sunday-schools held by the village school­ teachers throughout his district, and speaks of them as constituting one of the best means for the spread of the gospel. Other missionaries speak in like terms of the Sunday-schools under their supervision.

WORK AMONG WOMEN.

This has been prosecuted during the past year with evident tokens of success, and as a means of acquainting many with the saving truths of the gospel, Bible- women work under the supervision of the missionary ladies. Some of these Bible-women give evident signs of growth in grace and an ability to present the gospel with tact and genuine interest to the women whom they thus reach in their homes. Miss Abbott describes the method pursued in Bombay as follows : “ The Bible-women usually go with me ; we sing, and then I read a portion from the Bible, and talk a little, and then my women take up my thoughts and add their own, talking earnestly and well. In some homes we find well-furnished rooms, carved furniture, carpets, bric-à-brac ; in others, one or two rooms hastily swept on our arrival, thé rooms blackened with smoke, and boxes or chairs for seats ; in one place we are invited to sit out in the hall, where a chair is brought for me, and in another we crawl up some ladder-like steps into dark and smoky rooms. Some live in the fourth or fifth stories ; only one family that I visit lives on the ground floor. The people in Bombay live in large tenement-houses, the poor swarming even to the seventh story ; some families have but one room. Rich or poor, they are usually attentive and always invite us to come aga’in ; some are very interesting cases, where I am sure the light of the gospel has entered the heart. It is very encouraging to see how the truth taught the chil­ dren has gone into the homes. The women ask us to sing the hymns that their children learn in school, and they want to know more of the stories that their children tell them. Our schools are blessed openings into these sin-darkened homes. I long to devote myself to this work, but the necessity of taking time to study the language, as well as many other duties connected with schoolwork and with the Christian women, keeps me in a very limited field. The wives of our servants I am having taught to read, to sing, and to know the gospel stories, and on Sunday afternoons, after our church service, I have a very pleasant hour with them. They have but lately come to us and are all Hindus, but already they know much of Christ, and one of them can tell the stories she learns in a most effective way. They talk freely with me, and my heart is set on their salvation.” This extract from the report of Miss Abbott gives for substance the experience of most of the women engaged in this form of labor.

WORK AMONG EDUCATED NON-CHRISTIANS.

The limited number of missionaries, and the burdens put upon them to main­ tain the work in hand, prevent such efforts as all feel are desirable in behalf of 52 Marathi Mission. [Report,

the educated non-Christians. This class, educated largely in government schools where no direct, religious influence for good has been exerted, is a most inter­ esting and, at the same time, most difficult class to reach. It is hoped, how­ ever, that the fruits of Christianity, as seen in the changed lives of those who have accepted Christ, and in the benevolent and Christian work of Western nations, becoming now more and more conspicuous year by year, will work the conviction, in many minds, that Christianity is the only true religion. To this thought Mr. Harding adds that some who are sincerely trying to reform Hindu society are beginning to feel that they must have the help of this religion if any permanent good is to be accomplished. The mission is not insensible to the importance of reaching this class, and welcomes any from abroad who may come to labor as evangelists in this field. The experience of President Seelye a few years ago, and later of some English gentlemen who have addressed audiences of English-speaking natives, is evi­ dence that men of the right spirit and character might hope to reach many of the educated classes. MEDICAL WORK.

Medical work has been carried on at Rahuri under the care of Dr. Ballantine, with ever-growing interest. The number of patients who received medical aid from the mission dispensary at Sholapur amounted last year to over 14,000. This arm of the service is not neglected.

TOURING.

It is a source of great satisfaction to the mission that Dr. Fairbank, on his return from the United States, was able to devote himself to touring in different parts of the mission field. He is usually attended by two or three native preachers, and by means of an organ and a sciopticon can anywhere collect an audience ranging from thirty or forty to three or four hundred. By means of his native preachers, and comments on the various Scripture views which he is able to exhibit, he is able to lodge a good deal of truth in the minds of his hearers and to do away with such prejudice as may have existed in regard to the gospel. The mission is coming to appreciate this form of labor more and more, and it is hoped that, by frequent tours over the mission ground, the impressions may be deepened and made effective in turning many hearts to the knowledge of the truth. PUBLICATIONS.

The publications of the year have been the same as heretofore — a regular weekly paper and a monthly illustrated magazine. Valuable tracts have also been circulated widely. Thus by all means, whether by preaching, or by teach­ ing, or by touring, by medical work, or by the press, this mission is doing its best to set forth the Way of Life to the millions in its field. 1890.] Madura Mission. 53

MADURA MISSION.

B attalagundu . — In care of Mr. J. S. Chandler.

D i n d i g u l . — Edward Chester, M.D., Missionary; Mrs. Sophia Chester; Native Pastors, J. Colton, A. Clark.

M a d u r a . — John S. Chandler, F. Van Allen, M.D., Missionaries ; Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler, Mrs. H. D. Van Allen, Miss M. P. Root, M.D., Miss Dency T. M. Root, Miss Mary M. Root, Miss H. A. Houston, Miss Bessie B. Noyes ; Native Pastors, S. Mathuranayagan, E. Yesadian. MANDAPASALAI. — James C. Perkins, Missionary; Mrs. Charlotte J. Perkins; Native Pastors, D. Christian, M. Eames, M . Thomas, Y. S. Taylor. MANA-MADURA.— Hervey C. Hazen, Missionary ; Mrs. Hattie A. Hazen.

M e l u r .— In care of Mr. Hazen. PASUMALAI. — G. T. Washburn, D.D., Robert Humphrey, Missionaries; Mrs. E. E. Washburn, Mrs. Olive A. Humphrey.

P e r i a k u l a m . — In care of Mr. Noyes.

Pa l a NI. — In care of Edward Chester, m .d . TlRUMANGALAM.— In care of Mr. Perkins. TlRUPUVANAM. - In care of Mr. Hazen. K.ODI-KANAL. — Joseph T. Noyes, Missionary; Mrs. Martha J. Noyes; Native Pastor, A. G. Rowland. In this country. — J. E. Chandler, G. H. Gutterson, J. E. Tracy, J. P. Jones, Missionaries; Mrs. C. H. Chandler, Miss G. A. Chandler, Mrs. E. W. Gutterson, Mrs. F. S. Tracy, Mrs. S. A. Jones, Miss Eva M. Swift. On the way. — Frank E. Jeffery, Missionary ; Mrs. M. C. Jeffery. Twelve stations ; 259 out-stations ("village congregations”); 36 churches : 3,562 church-members ; adherents, 12,875! 254 additions on profession of faith; 13 missionaries, of whom two are physicians; 1 teacher; 21 female assistant missionaries, 1 a physician ; 17 native pastors; 13 evangelists; 142 cate- chists; 239 teachers; 37 Bible-women; 129 common schools: 3,651 pupils; 11 station boarding schools, with 203 pupils; Pasumalai Collegiate and Theological Institute, 404 pupils; Madura girls’ normal, high, and middle schools, 157 pupils; 17 Hindu girls’ schools, with 784 scholars; whole number of pupils in all schools, 5,499. Fees from all schools, 11,421 rupees; native income from all sources, $6,192.

The report of the Madura Mission for the year 1889 is a very instructive one in many respects. It shows a good degree of progress at tht>se stations which have been fully supplied with missionaries, and the results of missionary effort in those are more encouraging than in any former year. ^ There is a readiness on the part of the people to give attention to the gospel message, and at various points there have been large accessions of adherents — four times the number usual in past years, and there is good reason to believe that, had all the mission stations been duly provided with missionaries, this increase would have been double what it was. The missionaries in charge have had not only their own stations to care for, but some of them have been obliged to do what they could for one or two others. Having thus double work put upon them, it has been quite impossible to exercise the care and supervision of the native agency which is necessary to its most efficient work. The stations occupied by the missionaries, of course, shared most largely in their efforts; other stations could only be visited occa­ sionally, and the native agents were therefore left very largely to themselves. While the latter have done well on the whole, and the report of faithful service on the part of many of the pastors and preachers is the best that has ever been 54 Madura Mission. [Report,

made, yet in stations visited but seldom by the missionary in charge, and where the native pastors and preachers have not had the assistance and the encourage­ ment of frequent visits from the missionaries, the results have been in singular correspondence. Never has there b£en so clear an illustration in the history of this mission of the value of direct personal service and care on the part of missionaries. Where this has been enjoyed, there has been great success, great progress. Where it has been lacking, there has been either less success or actual loss in the various lines of effort. The mission has now all the arrangements — evangelistic, educational, and medical— that are necessary to the efficient and successful development of the work in hand. The one need is men to care for the stations and to turn to good account the arrangements now made. The number of men ought to be doubled at once. The call from the mission, as set forth in the last Annual Report, is for eight new men. Of the two sent out about a year ago, one, Mr. Bailey, has been obliged to return because of the health of his wife. On the other hand, Dr. Chester, who was obliged to take a furlough for rest, has returned, and with new hope, though against medical counsel. These statements will perhaps suffice to show the great need of this mission, and though the mission is encouraged by the prospect of a reinforcement of one missionary family at an early day, some time must elapse before the work can again be taken up and pushed with vigor in accordance with its imperative needs. Scores of villages open to effort, ready to place themselves under religious instruction, must be left for the present, and opportunities of establishing Christian schools and churches among them lost for years. CHURCHES.

The number of churches reported is thirty-five — one less than last year, in consequence of the union of two small churches into one. The net increase of church-members is 123. In spite of opposition from caste prejudice, from the revival of Brahmanism, shown by the efforts on the part of a society at Madras to send preachers of the old faith through the mission and to circulate, as widely as possible, tracts and other papers opposed to Chris­ tianity, it is much that so great an advance has been reported, and that the native Christians have held to their faith so steadily and with such manifest growth in Christian character. They have shown their earnestness and devotion to the cause of Christ by their generous offerings out of their poverty toward the support of their own churches and schools. It is said that, with few exceptions, the members of the church give tithes of their income for Christian objects. Poor women lay aside handfuls of rice from their daily meals, and make such other little offerings as they can, which, repeated often, make up in the aggregate quite a large sum — not large as estimated in the currency of the United States, but large in view of the income of the people and their scanty opportunities of saving money. One of the most striking features of their social life is the large number of benevolent societies, to meet various social and Christian needs. These different societies call out Christian benevolence, awaken a deeper in­ terest in the welfare of others, and are thus an important agency in the devel­ opment of active Christian life. 1890.] Madura Mission. 55

The fidelity to Christ of some of the young Christians coming out from heathen families and subjected to the most bitter persecution is delightful evi­ dence of the controlling and constraining power of the gospel, and furnishes the best grounds of hope for its future triumph among this people. One of the most effective agencies for promoting the gospel is the employ­ ment of Bible-women. The number employed the past year was thirty-seven, and the work is growing rapidly with each succeeding year. Miss Houston reports herself as having the care of twelve Bible-women in the city of Madura. Other missionary ladies have less, but the work is constantly growing upon their # hands, and its value in reaching the homes of the people, and especially wives and mothers, is more and more appreciated. Missionaries are feeling as never before that the women must be reached in order to secure the best results of missionary effort. They have an influence over the men, their fathers, husbands, and sons, which cannot be overestimated. Much of the difficulty now ex­ perienced on the part of young men in accepting the gospel comes from the opposition from the women of their homes. Men not Christians are coming to value the character developed by Christian instruction, and occasionally men who have no sympathy with the gospel themselves are eager to have their wives and daughters instructed by Bible-women and by the missionary ladies, as opportunity may offer. EDUCATION.

The two most important institutions are the College, with its theological department, at Pasumalai, and the Normal School for young women in Madura. These institutions have been steadily gaining in influence and effectiveness as evangelistic agencies. The new buildings recently erected for the college are already well filled, and the number of students in different departments is 404. Of these, twelve are in the theological department. The Normal School for girls takes advanced pupils from the girls’ station schools and fits them for work as teachers. It is through these institutions that a well-trained and efficient agency is raised up. The mission is fully awake to the importance of Christian discipline and culture for those who are to be their associates in evangelistic work. It desires to raise up men and women competent to think and act for themselves, with such a degree of culture as will command the respect and sympathy of their own people. Some time, of course, will be required to secure these results, but the mission is using the. most active and efficient means to secure it. The High School for boys and young men in the city of Madura, after suffering some embarrassment from the revival of Brahmanism and the efforts of Hindu preachers and teachers to build up a rival school, has regained its former influence. It is necessary to make the instruction in this institution first- class in all its appointments in order to secure the better class of students who will meet the required charges for instruction. This school has been largely self- supporting from the start. The various station schools of the mission at different points, of which there are eight, five for boys and three for girls, have been well sustained. They take the better scholars from the mission schools and give them such education and religious training as will fit them, when they return to their homes, for larger influence and better developed Christian character. 56 Ceylon Mission. [Report,

The medical work of this mission is also one of its most important agencies for good. Dr. Chester’s labors in this line at Dindigul, especially by the train­ ing of medical catechists, have done much to commend the gospel, and it is believed that hundreds and thousands of the people in times of cholera have owed their lives to the care and attendance of these medical catechists. Dr. Root is extending her work more and more widely in the city of Madura, and by the m eans of a small hospital, funds for which have been granted recently by the Woman’s Board of Missions, her influence is likely to be still more widely felt. This mission field enjoys special advantages of location, resting upon the north and northwest on the Pulney Hills, and stretching on to the southeast to the seaboard. The field is so compact, so well provided with highways, including a railway that traverses it, as to make all stations easily accessible from the centre, thus facilitating intercommunication and giving unity to the plans and methods of work. On the average, one hundred villages are accessible from each central station. It appears that more than 400 of these villages were visited by mission­ aries or native preachers the past year. The opportunities for Christian effort are the best, and need only to be well improved in order to attain the happiest results.

CEYLON MISSION.

BATTICOTTA. — S. W . Howland, D.D., Missionary; Mrs. Mary E„K. Howland; Native Pastors„ B . H. Rice, S. John, A. Bryant

Chavagacherry. — In charge of E. P. Hastings, D .D ., until his death. M a n e p y . — Mrs. Anna C. Hastings, Miss Kate E. Hastings; Native Pastors, F. Asbury, W. P. Nathaniel. OODOOVILLE.— William W. Howland, Missionary; Miss Susan R . H ow land; Native Pastorsy H. L. Hoisington, Rev. Isaac Paul.

PaNDITERIPO. — Native Pastor, Rev. S. Elyatamby. Station in charge of Rev. T. S. Smith. TlLLIPALLY. — Thomas S. Smith, Missionary; Mrs. Emily F. Smith; Native Pastors, J. S. Christ­ mas, W illiam Joseph. OODOOPITTY. — Richard C. Hastings, Missionary; Mrs. Minnie B. H astings; Native Pastor, D . Stickney.

Seven stations; 25 out-stations; 15 churches: 1,471 church-members; added during the year 80; 4 missionaries; 6 female assistant missionaries; 13 native pastors; 30 preachers; 12 catechists; 25 Bible-women; 1 colporter; 133 village schools: pupils, 8,416; 247 teachers; 72 college students ; 1 training and industrial school: pupils, 5 8 ; 2 boarding schools for girls: pupils, 125. Whole number under instruction, 8,889; contributions from native sources, $4,878.

Since the close of the year under review tidings have come of the death, on the thirty-first of July last, of Rev. E. P. Hastings, d . d . Dr. Hastings had been associated with this mission for the last forty-four years, during which he had rendered efficient service not only in general evangelistic work but as the principal of Jaffna College. The latter post, which he had held for seven­ teen years, he felt constrained to give up a year since in consequence of the infirmities of age, and had exchanged places with Rev. S. W- Howland — Dr. Hastings and his family jemoving to Manepy and Mr. Howland to Batticotta. The wise counsels and consecrated life of Dr. Hastings will be greatly missed in the mission not only by his associates but by all classes in the community. 1890.] Ceylon Mission. 5 7

The Misses Leitch, who, after seven years of faithful service in Ceylon, had spent three years in Great Britain, at their own charges, collecting funds for the more adequate endowment of Jaffna College, and for the establishment of a medical mission, have been formally released at their own request from their connection with the American Board. They have been accepted as honorary missionaries by the English Zenana and Bible Society, and will devote themselves, for a time at least, to securing funds for the establishment of a medical mission in Ceylon, not, however, without continuing their efforts, as opportunity may offer, in behalf of Jaffna College. The work at the different stations has been carried on as heretofore. The evangelization of the people is kept steadily in view in every department and with encouraging success. Whether it be pastoral or educational work, whether preaching formally to the people in companies or visiting individuals from house to house for familiar conversation, or addressing casual hearers by the wayside, or the distribution of tracts and the Word of God, the ultimate end is the same — the saving of men by the truths of the gospel and the acceptance of Christ as Redeemer. Besides the thirteen pastors and two preachers in charge of churches, the entire evangelistic force consists of twenty-seven preachers and catechists, one colporter, and twenty-five Bible-women, who are paid by the mission. Two catechists and one Bible-woman are employed by the native evangelical society on the islands of Valany, Pungartive, and Delft. Twenty-six Bible- women, besides those paid by the mission, are supported by funds from the local auxiliary society and private funds. The reports from many of these agents present a hopeful view of the work under their care, while others are less encour­ aging. The work as a whole has been carried on much as in former years, and it seems unnecessary to enter into details like those which have been repeated in former reports. In general it may be said that there is a better state of Chris­ tian sentiment through the mission and a better appreciation on the part of the heathen of the true character and spirit of the gospel. This appreciation shows itself in more decided opposition than in former years. This opposition may justly be regarded as a confession of the power of the gospel over the popular mind. It is noticed in some sections that there are many ready to admit the truth and to acknowledge that Christianity is the true Way of Life. While they have not come forward to make a formal profession of their faith in Christ, they have discontinued giving rice to Brahmans, and are quietly leaving off some of their heathen practices. There are said to be fifty persons in different villages who show more or less interest in hearing and accepting the truth, for whom there is special encouragement to labor in hope of their becoming Christians in due time. Dr. Hastings, in his annual report, speaks of twenty-five boys and girls from the schools who meet one of the missionaries weekly to repeat verses of Scripture. Most of them are the children of Christian parents. Ir is inter­ esting to notice how twenty-three of these have signed the children's covenant, which reads : “ Because I love the Lord Jesus with all my heart, I solemnly accept him as my Saviour and my Guide. I give myself to him to be his for­ ever, and I promise to try to please him in all my life.” Such children may be expected in due time to become actual working members of Christian churches. 5 8 Ceylon Mission. [Report,

The meetings held in the villages on moonlight evenings as in former years are an important auxiliary to evangelistic work. Twelve union Bible meetings, attended by speakers from the three missions at work in this field, have been held during the year. Besides these, 100 meetings have been held in several villages on moonlight evenings, attended by the pastors and their associates, and as often as possible by missionaries. The labors of 25 Bible-women are largely confined to the neighborhood in which they live. Most of them give up a portion of their time to the work, and receive payment accordingly. Two of these women who worked together report 74 women under their instruction, o f whom 38 can read the Bible. Another reports 35 women as being taught to read, of whom 20 are able to read the Bible. Another has 60 under her instruc­ tion, of whom 21 are reading the Bible. It is evident that very valuable work is being done by these Bible-women. Some of them are eminently faithful and earnest in their work. The visit of Mr. Wishard, the Secretary of the Young Men’s International Christian Association, was very helpful in awakening deeper interest in Christianity among the native agents as well as in the churches. Many of the young men, as well as pastors, teachers, and others, were greatly stimulated to more earnest study of the Bible. Mr. Wishard’s labors also turned the attention of many young men to their personal duty and to a closer study of the Bible. The number of churches remains the same as last year. The number of ordained pastors is now 13, of whom 8 are supported by their respective churches, and the remaining 5 receive more than half of their support from the people. In one church of over 300 members, 71 per cent, are female members. Another church with about half the membership contains 74 per cent, of female members. In all the churches .the number of men is 721, and of women 750. The relative increase in the number of female members is largely due to the influence of the schools for girls and the work of Bible-women. The Sunday-schools in all the churches have been well sustained, as well as many at the out-stations. EDUCATION.

Various institutions for higher education, including the College, the Training School, and the Boarding School for Girls, have been maintained as in the last year. Seven pupils from the Oodooville Seminary were graduated last year, all of whom were members of the church, and in March 21 new pupils were received to the school. At the end of December the school numbered 92 pupils, of whom 15 united with the church during the year. Six pupils completed their course at the Oodooville Girls’ School, all but one of whom were members of the church. The whole number of pupils now in this institution is 33. The training school for boys is located at Tillipally, and at the close of the year had an attend­ ance of 58 pupils, of whom 25 were church-members, 13 having been admitted on profession of faith during the year. The number of English and vernacu­ lar day-schools under the management of the mission is 133. With thriee\or four exceptions, these schools are largely supported by government grants, bú.t are open to religious instruction by Christian teachers and by missionaries. \ In this review it is proper to include the Batticotta High School, an institution i 89o.J Foochow Mission.

supported by the native community. Add to this the College, and ample provi seems to be made for the thorough Christian education of the youth of Jaf Dr. Hastings, in concluding his report, wrote as follows : — “ The review of the work of our mission for the year 1889 presents much that is encouraging; and though progress has been as heretofore slow, we believe that it has been steady and sure. The churches have increased in membership, and the number of voluntary workers for Christ has also increased. A greater inter­ est in the study of the Bible has been awakened, and we believe there is a grow­ ing feeling that every Christian has a work to do for Christ. Our pastors and other laborers also, we think, feel more deeply the need of the Spirit, not only to quicken them, but to give power to their labors for the conversion of those about them. The churches seem to realize to some extent that the work of making known the gospel to their countrymen rests upon them. “ Until they more fully accept this and engage more earnestly in the work as their own, can we expect to see greater results ? “ Open opposition to the truth has greatly increased, but we do not look upon this as an unfavorable sign. The enemies of Christ would hardly feel the neces­ sity of opposing if they did not see that the truth were making progress. Our great need, we feel, is not an increase of worldly influence, nor indeed an increase of money to enlarge our work or multiply our agencies, but rather God working with us by his Holy Spirit. For this we earnestly look and pray.”

FOOCHOW MISSION.

F o o c h o w C ity . — Caleb C. Baldwin, D.D., Lyman P. Feet, Missionaries; Mrs. Harriet F . Baldwin, Mrs. Caroline K. Peet, Miss Kate C. Woodhull, M.U., Physician ; Miss Hannah C. WoodhulL

F o o c h o w S u b u r b s (Ponasang). — Simeon P. Woodin, George H. Hubbard, Missionaries; Hard­ man N . Kinnear, M.D., Physician; Mrs. Nellie F. Hubbard, Mrs Hannah J. Kinnear, Miss Elsie M. Garretson. SHAO-WU. — James E. Walker, George M. Gardner, Missionaries; Henry T. Whitney, M.D., Physician; Mrs. Lurie A. Whitney, Mrs. Mary J. Gardner. On the way. — Mrs. Sarah L. Woodin. In this country.— Charles Hartwell, Missionary ; Mrs. Harriet L. Hartwell, Mrs. Adelaide C. Walker, Miss Ella J. Newton. Three stations; 24 out-stations; 7 missionaries; 2 physicians; 13 female assistant missionaries, 1 a physician; 2 native pastors; 17 native preachers; 25 native teachers; 6 other helpers ; 16 churches: 484 members; 88 received on confession this year; i theological school: 6 pupils; 2 medical schools : 8 pupils; 1 boys’ high school: 44 pupils; 1 girls’ boarding school: 31 pupils; 19 common schools : 334 pupils, of which number 81 are girls; total contributions for the year, $1,081.14.

This field brings a good report for the year just closed in all lines of effort, especially in the increase of communicants in the native churches. The mission force has been. happily increased by the coming of Dr. and Mrs. Kinnear to Ponasang for the very important medical work there, and of Mr. and Mrs. Gardner to Shao-wu for the enlargement of the evangelistic work of that grow­ ing station. Mrs. Woodin, after six years with her children in this country, is at length about to rejoin her husband and aid in his work. Mr. and Mrs Hartwell and Mrs. Walker have come to this country for much-needed change and re&t. The health of the missionaries has been preserved throughout the year, the new laborers having been especially favored. Foochozv Mission. [Report,

EVANGELISTIC WORK.

J he number of churches has been enlarged by one during the year, and the -additions upon the confession of faith, almost thirty-two per cent, of the whole number now reported, exceed the record of any previous year in the history of |he mission. The native pastors are rendering a service of increasing value from year to year, and the native preachers supplement in a valuable way the labors of the missionaries and carry the message far beyond any limits which the foreign laborers can reach. There is a recognized scarcity of men well trained for the preacher’s office and well established in character; the need of -more regular and systematic efforts in this part of the educational work of the mission grows more and more apparent. The native Christians are gaining slowly in their knowledge of the truth, in personal character, and in recognition of their responsibility in supporting the institutions of the church and preaching the gospel to their own people. The organization of Christian Endeavor societies among them has proved of marked value in deepening their interest in the Christian life and in giving them training and a relish for the proper activities of true disciples. There is noticeable in every part of the field, in the interior about Shao-wu as well as at Foochow and its out-stations, an increased readiness to listen to preaching and to inquire after the way of life. The spiritual ingathering the past year is a happy proof that these fields, so long and patiently tilled, are now ready for the harvest. While all the missionaries share in some degree in this evangelistic labor, the out- stations in the Foochow field are especially under the care of Mr. Woodin and Mr. Hubbard, and those of the Shao-wu are under the care of Mr. Walker. Probably in no respect is the mission in greater immediate need of reinforce­ ment than in men specially fitted for the work and at liberty to devote themselves continuously and with all their power to preaching, to counseling and aiding the native preachers, and gathering in the results of the prayers and labors of many years. The schools of the mission are well organized, well manned, and in satisfactory working order. A permanent theological school which shall thoroughly prepare the native teachers for their work is imperatively needed. Mrs. Baldwin, besides rendering other important service, has been in charge of the common schools around Foochow for the past two years ; and the advantages of such'frequent and careful visitation and of uniform and regular methods are already apparent. She says, in her report: — “ Special effort was made to have the pupils learn the Gospel of Mark. Ninety- five were engaged in this task ; eight memorized the whole sixteen chapters, while many memorized whole chapters from one up to ten.” Mrs. Baldwin has prepared a geography in the colloquial dialect, which meets a want long felt in the boarding-school as well as in the day-schools. Similar supervision has been given to the day-schools in the Shao-wu station by Mr. and Mrs. Walker, in their frequent tours through the district occupied. The two schools in Shao-wu, one for boys and one for girls, are gradually taking on new features and seem likely soon to become boarding and training schools in which the native agency for this wide and attractive field may be prepared for their share in the work. 1890.] Foochow Mission. 61

Already the station, with full approval of the mission, calls for two unmarried women to come at once and take this interesting germ of a girls’ boarding school and develop it into strength and fruitfulness. The Foochow Girls’ Boarding School has been under the sole care of Miss Garretson, aided by two native teachers. Of the thirty-one pupils in attendance nineteen are between twelve and seventeen years of age, and twelve are between ten and twelve years of age. The age of admission hereafter has been fixed at eleven years, except for those who come from districts where no Christian day- schools are taught. Six of these pupils have united with the church during the year. A regular weekly prayer-meeting is held on Friday evening; and the study of the Bible is made a leading feature of each day’s duties, as well as the main school exercise on Sunday. All instruction is given in the Chinese language. The Boys’ Training School was under Mr. Hartwell’s care for the first half of the year, and under Mr. Feet’s care during the last half of the year. Mrs. Baldwin and Mrs. Peet have given assistance in the teaching, and three native teachers are regularly employed. Of the forty-four pupils all but fourteen are church-members. Instruction in the Bible occupies the leading place in the work of the school. The duties of each day begin with a half-hour of Bible study; the students each read a verse from some selected portion of Scripture, and the teacher explains as they read verse by verse; and this exercise is closed with prayer. In addition to this, every student has a recitation in the Bible every day except Saturday. The time of each day is divided about equally between instruction in Christian and scientific works, on the one hand, and the study of native books and writing the characters, on the other. The Woman’s School, connected with the Woman’s Hospital in the city, is under the care of Miss H. C. Woodhull, and has been maintained with quite the usual numbers, interest, and success. A hopeful effort has been made to lead those who have studied longest to continue their studies at home and to begin to let others know what they have learned.

MEDICAL WORK.

This branch of the service is maintained in connection with the mission simply as an effective auxiliary of the Christian work, and not on humanitarian grounds. The missionaries in charge fully understand and heartily welcome this special character of their service; and it is cheering to note how direct and valuable an adjunct to the gospel medicine proves to be. Three centres are occupied by missionary physicians: Foochow City, by Miss Dr. Woodhull; Ponasang, by Dr. Kinnear: and Shao-wu, by Dr. Whitney. The published reports of their work, which accompany the general report of the mission, show clearly the great demand for their services and the natural connection between this physical healing and the grace of the gospel. A new building has just been completed for the Dispensary and Hospital under Dr. Woodhull’s care, greatly to the advantage of this work. Beginning only five years ago Dr. Woodhull has seen many difficulties overcome and an assured place gained for her work in behalf of the women and children of the city. The patients received have increased from 440, reported in 1886, to 3,243 in the year just closed. 62 Foochow Mission. [Report,

Dr. Whitney gives an interesting report of the Shao-wu field, to which he was assigned on first entering the service in 1877, and to which, after eight years* absence at Ponasang, he has now returned. He has had as yet no suitable facilities for his special work, and his time has been divided between his pro­ fessional duties and the preparation of medical textbooks and evangelistic work. The physician has a wide and inviting field at Shao-wu. Dr. Whitney reports for the year 3,378 patients, and finds the calls constantly on the increase. Dr. Kinnear has but just entered upon his duties as the physician in charge at Ponasang, having arrived in the field only last October. During the first part of the year Mr. Hubbard acted as superintendent, and Drs. Rennie and Adam made semi-weekly visits to the Hospital and took oversight of the work of the six native assistants. The number of patients for the year was 9,772. Some fair impression of the breadth and significance of this arm of the missionary ser­ vice may be gathered from the fact reported by Dr. Kinnear that during the last eighteen years in this one Hospital 134,869 patients have been treated, and from the further fact here presented that in this one mission, during a single year,. 16,393 persons have sought the physician’s aid and have thus been brought within the reach of the Word and grace of God.

LITERARY WORK. Dr. Baldwin has devoted much time and labor to the very important task of revising the books of the Old Testament in the Foochow colloquial dialect, in concert with two brethren of the neighboring missions. This work was begun in 1886, while Dr. Baldwin was in this country, and has been prosecuted ever since. This revised edition is now being printed at the Methodist press in Foochow. Mrs. Baldwin has prepared an elementary geography for the day-schools of which she is in charge ; and it is also sought for by the boarding schools of the mission. Dr. Whitney has completed a revision of Osgood’s Anatomy; has prepared, to accompany this Anatomy, a new Vocabulary of English and Chinese terms; and has just brought out an Introductory School Physiology in the Foochow colloquial. BUILDING. No small part of what is necessary to the efficiency of a mission in China is. connected with the erection and care of buildings. This duty at Foochow has devolved specially upon Mr. Hartwell, to whose pains and watchful care and prudence great credit is due. During the last year the residence for Dr. and Miss Woodhull and the Hospital for Dr. Woodhull’s uses in Foochow have been satisfactorily completed. A new house at Shao-wu has also been completed within the year, and a commodious chapel has been erected at one of the out- stations in the interior. The survey of this field gives the impression of a varied and well-planned enterprise, wisely conducted, steadily enlarging its area and deepening its influ­ ence, and in an unusual degree ready to yield much more abundant fruits. May the laborers and the means, which under God are needful to this end, be speedily found 1 1890.] North China Mission. 63

NORTH CHINA MISSION.

T i e n t s i n . — Charles A. Stanley, Heniy Kingman, Missionaries; Henry J. Bostwick, Treasurer./ and Business Agent; Mrs. Ursula J. Stanley, Mrs. Annie L. Kingman, Mrs. Amelia L. Bostwick^ Miss Mary E. Stanley.

PEKING. — Henry Blodget, D.D., William S. Ament, Edward E. Aiken, Missionaries; Mrs. Sarah F. R. Blodget, Mrs. Mary A. Ament, Miss Jane E. Chapin, Miss Ada Haven.

K a l g a n . — Mark Williams, James H. Roberts, Missionaries; Mrs. Isabella R. Williams, Mrs. Grace L. Roberts, Mrs. J. Lillian McBride, Miss Naomi Diament.

T u n g -c h o . — Chauncey Goodrich, Missionary; James H. Ingram, M.D., Physician; Mrs. Sarah B. Goodrich, Mrs. Sallie V . Ingram, Miss Jane G. Evans, Miss Luella J. Miner.

P a o -TING-FU. — Charles P. W . Merritt, M.D., Missionary Physician; Mrs. Anna C. Merritt, Miss Mary S. Morrill. PANG-CHUANG. — Arthur H. Smith, Henry D. Porter, M.D., Missionaries; Mrs. Emma J. Smith,. Mrs. Elizabeth C. Porter, Miss Gertrude Wyckoff, Miss Grace Wyckoff.

L lN C h i n g . — Henry P. Perkins, Missionary; Edward R. Wagner, M.D., Physician; Mrs. Estella A. Perkins, M.D., Mrs. Myrtie H. Wagner. On the way. — Elwood G. Tewksbury, Missionary; Mrs. Grace H Tewksbury, Miss Nellie N. Russell. In this country. — Isaac Pierson, D. Z. Sheffield, William P. Sprague, Franklin M. Chapin, Harlan P. Beach, Hugh W. Fraser, Missionaries; Albert P. Peck, M.D., Physician; Mrs. Flora J. Pierson, Mrs. Eleanor W . Sheffield, Mrs. Margaret S. Sprague, Mrs. Flora M. Chapin, Mrs. Lucy L. Beach, Mrs. Susan Fraser, Mrs. Celia F. Peck; Miss Virginia C. Murdock, M.D., Physician. Seven stations; 28 out-stations; 18 ordained missionaries; 5 physicians; 34 female assistant mis­ sionaries, one a physician; 7 churches : 1,042 members ; 127 received on confession this year; 1 theo­ logical seminary: 11 pupils; 1 college: 38 pupils; 3 high schools for boys: 44 pupils; 3 girls' ^boarding schools: 53 pupils; 8 common schools : 107 pupils, of whom 20 are girls; 89 other pupils under instruction; 3 ordained native preachers; 25 other native preachers; 14 native teachers; 10 other helpers; native contributions, #267.95.

While quite the usual prosperity has attended the work of the mission, and even unusual growth has appeared in special parts of the field, there has been much sickness among the missionaries and great changes have occurred in the mission staff. Dr. and Mrs. Peck, Mr. and Mrs. Pierson, Mr. and Mrs. Chapin, and Mr. and Mrs. Sheffield have come to this country for needed and well-earned change and rest. The frail condition of Mrs. Beach, which a tour to Japan failed to remedy, has made it needful for Mr. Beach to bring her to this country for special treatment, which it is hoped may enable her after a time safely to ■ resume residence in China. Mr. Fraser has not endured the changed conditions 'of life in China as was expected, and after trying many expedients he has been compelled to return to this country with his family, with the expectation of relin­ quishing the service. Miss Dr. Murdock, after nine years of indefatigable and wearying service, takes a brief respite among her friends at home. Mr. and Mrs. Sprague, much against their wish, still remain at home because of Mrs. Sprague’s great feebleness. At the urgent request of the Shansi Mission, and in accordance with their own desire, Mr. and Mrs. Atwood have been transferred to that mis­ sion. After less than a year’s service, in the midst of labors and high hopes, Dr. McBride has been cut off and the mission bereaved. Miss Stanley joined the mission last autumn. Mrs. Kingman has received appointment during the year, a valuable acquisition to Tientsin and the mission. Mr. and Mrs. Tewksbury and 64 North China Mission. [Report,

Miss Russell are on their way to reinforce this field. Dr. and Mrs. Porter have returned to their work during the year, greatly refreshed by their stay in this country. It is an unusual concurrence of circumstances which has thus temporarily withdrawn from the field more than one fourth of the present working force; and two of the most important stations are wellnigh crippled just when the work in them is rapidly expanding and seems to hold out peculiar promise. The mission at its recent annual meeting deliberately considered the question and sent an urgent appeal that thirty-six new missionaries be sent to this field within the coming year, naming the station and the service for which each of this number is required. May twoscore elect men and women, whom God has raised up for heroic deeds and self-denying service, hear the call and haste to this vast and glorious field ! The detailed statement which follows is derived from the careful and full report of the mission recently prepared by Mr. Stanley and published in pam­ phlet form at Tientsin.

TIENTSIN, OPENED i 860.

An attack of fever last summer necessitated a health change of about a month on the part of Mr. Bostwick. Mrs. Bostwick accompanied him to Japan, whence they returned much benefited. Otherwise the general health of the station has been good. Miss Stanley joined the mission last autumn. Mr. Bostwick has discharged his duties with commendable promptness and fidelity. The school and statioli class buildings are nearing completion. The improvements provided for in the city last year are progressing, including a retiring-room for conversation and prayer with inquirers. With these increased facilities, and the addition of the theological graduate, Chang Yen Tseng, to the helper force, we look for better results from the daily preaching. The churchwork in the city consisted of a Sunday-school and a preaching service in the morning, an afternoon meeting for prayer or preaching, and a Wednesday afternoon prayer-meeting. At the settle­ ment there has been an afternoon Sunday-school and Bible class, a Tuesday evening singing class, and a Thursday evening prayer-meeting. The member­ ship at Tientsin is only fifteen. By the adoption of weekly pledges, the con­ tributions have almost doubled in eight months, and amount to $12.48 gold.. The average attendance in the city has been over forty, and at the settlement twenty-six. Helper Wang Han has done faithful work in the street chapel, assisted when practicable by the missionaries, and by a student helper from Shantung during the summer. Probably not less than 8,000 or 10,000 have heard the gospel during the year. From November 28 to March 7 a station class of five studied with Mr. Stanley the Gospel Harmony. In addition to the careful study of the life of Christ in this manner, special instruction was given on some of the prayers of the Bible and the incidents connected with them. All were attentive and interested students, and the two who were not church-members are now accepted probationers. The Boys’ Day School in the city has been continued to the end of the year, with an average attendance of about fifteen. A new teacher was secured when i»9°-J North China Mission. 65

the school reopened after the Chinese New Year. Applications exceeded accommodations; forty-two names were registered, with a vary regular attend- an^eiihus far. Since the arrival of Miss Stanley a small day-school has been opened, with a native female teacher, — a Christian, — in a room rented for the. purpose. The attendance on Sundays and at the Thursday afternoon meetings, held by Mrs. Stanley, has nearly doubled during the year. With enlarged accommodations the opportunities in this line of work will also extend. A woman from a distance in the country, visiting friends here, attended a recent meeting. She testified that the “ Jesus doctine” is preached everywhere, which gives encouragement to believe that much seed is germinating of which only the Master knows, and that in his own not-far-distant good time the harvest shall be gathered. Two tours were made during the year: one in June by Mr. Stanley, accompanied by Mr. Perks, of the American Bible Society, and one in October, when Mr. Kingman and Mr. Stanley visited all the country field of the station. For the successful prosecution of the work at Tientsin, and improving the opportunities offering, there is needed, at the settlement, a house for single ladies, a physician and his house, and rooms for a girls’ school and woman’s work; and in the city, in order to branch out in medical and woman’s work, enlarged premises. PEKING, OPENED 1864.

The general health of the station has been good throughout the year, with the exception of Mr. Ament and his little son, who had a severe illness last fall. Dr. Blodget continues his daily morning class for the benefit of helpers and inquirers. During the winter Mr. Ament and Mr. Aiken have also had a number of men under instruction, of whom several have been received into the church. The two Boys* Day Schools have greatly improved in the past year, due mainly to three causes: i. A satisfactory teacher. 2. The native Christians have assisted in hunting up pupils and made small gifts of money. 3. There have been regular examinations and marks for regular attendance and good behavior; all these have been of marked advantage. On November 10, one of Dr. Blodget’s helpers, Hung Shan Chung, a graduate of the Tung-cho l^hool, was ordained. He is now in charge of country work, and has won the Bve and respect of those for whom he labors. The Domestic chapel, which 'appeared so large when erected, is barely large enough for the Sunday congre­ gation. It contributes to the support of two helpers, and renders aid to the poor and sick. Deacon Wan has discharged his duties well. From small beginnings at the North Chapel, the congregation has grown to fifty. Evening services, with occasional lantern exhibitions, were held for some time with good results. An acquaintance with a few of the neighbors has thus been effected. Some of the brethren have generously assisted in the work. In the Bridgman School there are thirty-six pupils, the highest number ever reached. This growth and also health considerations require some changes in the present buildings, and make it imperative that the premises be enlarged as soon as possible. Of these girls, thirty are from families either Christian or having 6 6 North China Mission. [Report,

Christian connections. More girls than ever before have received some instruc­ tion previous to eatering the school. An exception was made to the rule regard­ ing age by admitting one little girl, only seven years old, because her father had tried to get rid of her by burying her when asleep, and is determined to dispose of her by sale if possible, to gratify his passion for gambling. She learns readily and has endeared herself to all. Her mother provides her clothing. The knit­ ters of the school have assisted seven girls to an outfit, the reflex influence of which has been good. Other girls who are without resources provide entirely for themselves. Habits of charity, industry, and carefulness are encouraged. No cases of serious illness have occurred. The studies have been mainly elementary the past year, and good progress has been made. The examination at the close of the year was in Bible history, life of Christ, mental and written arithmetic, geography, map-drawing, and writing Chinese characters. This school has been behind others in enforcing the non-footbinding rule. This matter, by recent mission action, is now left to the discretion of the teachers. Ten of the girls are members of the church, and sixteen are on probation, all of whom have long showed a desire to be Christians. In woman’s work the year has been a time of effort more than of accom­ plished results. There has been an increased attendance at the station, and eight have been received to the church. Six have been received in the country. Miss Chapin held a Sunday noon and a weekday meeting for women. Sick­ ness in the court where it was held interrupted its regularity, but this afforded an opportunity for loving ministration, and two lives were saved notwithstanding the fear of foreign methods. In addition to direct Christian work Mrs. Ament opened an industrial class in the North Chapel in the winter, which has drawn women into the Sunday services. An hour’s teaching was given before work began. Fourteen women have been members of the class, and these have brought relatives and neighbors on Sundays, and led inquirers to bring their wives, thus enlarging the opportunity and the sphere of usefulness. Two of those instructed have been received to the church. This department has suf­ fered a great loss in the death of Mrs. Wen, the Bible-woman. She was most faithful in visiting from house to house through the summer and autumn. She took deep interest in the industrial class, and a wider field of usefulness, appeared to be preparing for her in this new opening, when she sickened anfl died. Her zeal exceeded her strength, and after a short illness, during w h « she frequently expressed her faith in God’s presence and power, she passed awa^ On all sides opportunities are multiplying upon us far beyond the power of the station, with its present force, to improve. The Bridgman School is in pressing need of enlarged premises. The North Chapel and some of the country stations need better facilities for successful work. A single lady is needed at once, to take up Miss Haven’s work when she leaves for her much-needed vacation next spring. And the return of Dr. Murdock will require, very soon, appliances for medical work for women, an opportunity that is pressing itself more and more^ Of the literary work done, the following in English may be mentioned: a brief History of the Mission; an Account of the Beginnings of Missions in Tient­ sin and Peking, for an Encyclopaedia of Missions; and a paper on Ancestral Worship, for the Missionary Conference. North China Mission. 67

KALGAN, OPENED 1865.

'he continued absence of Mr. and Mrs. Sprague, the retirement of Mr. and . Winchester on account of protracted ill-health, and the withdrawal of Miss Murdock for a much-needed rest have greatly crippled the effectiveness of the on. It was reinforced by the return of Mr. and Mrs. Roberts in May, and by arrival last October of Dr. and Mrs. McBride, who have already rendered able service. Last summer Dr. Murdock was very ill of fever contracted from e of her patients. She left the station in the fall, and spent the winter in I-ting-fu, and left for the United States in April.

oth Upper and Lower City chapels have been opened daily until the removal Ax. Williams to the Lower City in the autumn, since which time the Upper pel has been opened once or twice a week. The Sabbath services are :

ching at eleven a . m . in the Domestic chapel, followed by an inquiry-meeting;

iay-school at four p .m . ; and a prayer-meeting in the evening, conducted by latives. The attendance has increased during the year. On Wednesday, and isionally on Saturday evenings, stereopticon illustrations of Bible scenes, with ching by helpers, have been given. Preaching has been maintained in the ensary, and occasional preaching has been done on the street to respectful panies, in connection with the sale of books. he Boys’ Day School in the Upper City has increased since the Chinese New • to an average of eleven, and in general shows improvement. A small ding school for boys has been started on the mission premises, in accord- : with a long-felt need. The school is accommodated temporarily in the station class building. In addition to Chinese and Christian books, arithmetic and geography have been taught. Twice a week they have received instruction in singing. The attendance has averaged fifteen. The Girls’ Boarding School has continued its usual work under Miss Diament’s faithful care. The average attendance has been ten, ranging in age from seven to seventeen. Geography, arithmetic, the Gospels, and other Christian books comprise the studies. Some attention has been given to needlework. Two of the present pupils are church-members. The work done and the general con­ duct of the girls have been satisfactory. A station class of twenty-five was taught mainly by Mr. and Mrs. Williams, Issisted by a Christian teacher, during the winter. Five were Christians; one frith his wife has joined the church and four are probationers. Instruction has been given in the catechism, important texts, John’s Gospel, and the life of Christ. A helper led them in a daily evening prayer-meeting. They also ¡■eceived some instructions in Old Testament history and in singing. I Three tours have been made to Yu-cho: by Mr. Williams in August, by Mr. Roberts in November, and by Mr. Williams and Dr. McBride in February, when ver one hundred patients were treated. Frequent visits have also been made ir helpers and colporters to this district, to preach in the villages and to visit |e Christians in their homes. The opening of Yu-cho as a station of the jlssion has long been pressed by this station, and its claims fully set forth, jith this in view, the request for two new families and a doctor is again urged r consideration. 6 8 North China Mission. [Repc

A house for the physician is now in process of erection. The funds w^| generously supplied by Mr. Williams, who is overseeing the building, in accorc ance with plans approved by the Building Committee. By early autumn it be completed at a cost of about $2,000 in gold. “ Our woman’s work has largely been for man,” says the report of this bran of labor. May and June brought several fever patients into the hospital, assistants were afraid and .even their own relatives were unwilling to attend them. But the efficient doctor was equal to the emergency. While attend these patients Dr. Murdock herself fell seriously ill. Her devotion to the1 impressed the Chinese very much, and they manifested great anxiety until h recovery was assured. Mrs. Williams has given some time to village and fami visitation, and received visits from those interested. On the sixth of the. sixth moon, July 3, about 300 women and childrf visited the missionaries. They were received in the chapel, and addresse by Miss Evans and Kao Hsi, to whom they listened attentively. Miss Diamei and Dr. Murdock also received in their rooms. A Bible-woman, resident the village of Ching Ko-ta, has taught a number of women and has visited homes and in several villages. In six months she has visited 120 homes, ii which an average of eight persons have listened to the Word. She has als talked to the women as they sat in the village lanes at work, sometimes con versing with thirty or forty persons daily. The more pressing needs of the station are : suitable rooms for a Boys' Board ing School, and enlarged, or separate hospital accommodations, where infectioui and critical cases can receive proper attention.

TUNG-CHO, OPENED 186 7.

“ Trial and blessing, health and sickness, grief and joy,” have been strangely mingled in the year’s history of this station. On account of Mrs. Beach’s ill- health, Mr. and Mrs. Beach spent last summer in Japan. The autumn found her little improved, and renewal of work compelled them early in December to leave for the United States, and she is seeking restoration in this country. In February Miss Miner was suddenly stricken down, and has only made slight progress towards recovery, although all that skill and care could do have been bestowed upon her. Daily preaching has been continued as usual, Messrs. Goodrich and Sheffiell attending four afternoons in the week. The Y. M. C. A. continues to d^ efficient work in the street chapel, in sending preachers into the country, iij providing persons to talk with men of the congregation between Sunday services) in stereopticon exhibitions, and other forms of Christian effort. It has its ow| “ Friday evenings,” and once a month it has a Bible reading, for which tj request the missionaries have furnished an analysis of different books of tli Bible, in question and answer. This scheme, as well as the society itself, w( inaugurated by Mr. Beach. The general city work, including daily preaching and looking after churc members and inquirers, is in the care of Ch’uen Wen Shou. Chang Ch’un Yu; ordained last December, has continued the work at Yung Lo Tien, and bapti* I890.J North China Mission. 69

one person. Others are interested. He has also preached at fairs, and found access to a few homes. The Boys’ Day School has been taught for some months past by helper Kao Wen Lin, partly because of his failing health under constant preaching at Fu Ho, and partly because other teachers had proven unsatisfactory. His wife has taken charge when he has been sick, and regularly taught mental arithmetic. The school is much improved. There has been a gratifying increase in the native contributions. The principal literary work has been the publication by Mr. Sheffield of the first part of his Church History, including the first six centuries. The Christian weddings of three of the theological students have occurred, two belonging to Tung-cho and one to Pao-ting-fu. There have been eleven students in the theological class, connected with the Gordon Memorial School, two of whom were from the Presbyterian mission, Peking. The session opened October 1, and closed the middle of April. Until his departure, Mr. Beach gave careful instruction in New Testament exegesis. Mr. Goodrich has taken the class carefully through Zechariah, Hebrews, and selections from Daniel. Esther, most of the Minor Prophets, and Acts have been read and explained at morning prayers. Sermons and sermon plans have been criticized as a part of daily class exercise. Instruction in music has also been given each morning for half an hour. Mr. Sheffield has given instruction in systematic theology. The topics discussed have been prepared in advance, and placed in the hands of the students to prepare and recite. Three essays a week on theological topics have been read, discussed, and criticized. Their ¿nowle-dge of the letter of Scripture is probably somewhat greater than that of theological students in Western lands, but their range of thought and power of logical thinking fall considerably short of young men of Christian heredity. The larger portion \of the class are men of good ability; their sincere Christian character cannoQ be doubted, and they give promise of rendering valuable service. Their teachers have only words of commendation for them. The Boys’ Boarding ^chool has been in session from the first of September to the middle of April, ''yith an average of thirty-two boarders and five day- pupils. The same lines of scejdy have been followed as in the past. The Script­ ures have been memorized and explained, Bible history, geometry, astronomy, natural theology, arithmetic, mental and written, algebra, geography, and physi­ ology have been among the studies \aught. Every other week a half-day is given to reading compositions in the'ypoken language and to a discussion. Experience has proved that training in thiese lines is of great importance, as the minds of the Chinese are imitative, rather V.han original. The older pupils have actively engaged throughout the year in the work of the Y. M. C. A., and have done good service in evangelistic work. The examination of this school occu­ pied two days, and made manifest the faithful and careful work done by the teachers, and the diligence and close attention Vo study which had charac­ terized most of the pupils. The same may be said in regard to the examination of the theological students, most of whom were graduate^ of the High School, and so had passed through years of careful religious training. It is matter of rejoicing that the scheme proposed at the last annual meeting' for enlarging our educational work met with the approval of the Board at its last J^nnual Meeting, 70 North China Mission. [Report,

and that the Prudential Committee has taken the preliminary steps towards securing the necessary funds. It is to be hoped that it will not be many years before the Tung-cho College shall be realized in fact. How most rapidly to multiply the number of faithful converts to Christianity, and how to train them to the full stature of Christian manhood and womanhood, are the two great questions which should absorb the attention of a missionary body. Educational work bears a vital relation to the solution of these questions, and cannot be neglected without detriment to the work of evangelization. With station schools having a course of four years, and sending their best pupils to the High School with its three years’ course, followed by the proposed college course of four years, and a three years’ theological course of preparation for the ministry, we may hope to raise up a body of educated, Christian young men, fitted as teachers and preachers, for any of the emergencies of the church of Christ in China in the future. The days previous to the annual meeting, the helpers from the various stations assembled at Tung-cho to listen to a course of lectures : three by Mr. Goodrich, on astronomy; four by Mr. Sheffield, on the atonement; four by Dr. Blodget, on the Nestorian and Catholic missions; four by Mr. Lowrie, of the Presbyterian mission, on pastoral work in the native church; and four by Mr. Ament, on church government, and methods of gaining men. This annual series of lectures is very helpful to the native preachers. The regular services kept up for women are numerous and varied. The Sab­ bath morning meeting, held directly after regular church service, in charge of Mrs. Sheffield and Miss Evans has been well attended and fruitful of much good. The Christian women, who have been so ably helped, have learned to help others and to put much heart into their teaching. Miss Evans and Mrs. Goodrich have each a class of women in the Sunday-school, and Miss Lizzie Sheffield a class of girls. Two Sunday-schools, held outside, have prospered, though their promoters, Mrs. Beach and Miss Miner, have been obliged to relinquish the work. The attendance has averaged twenty and fifteen. The weepy prayer-meeting under the leadership of Mrs. Ingram and Mrs. Goodrich has been well sustained. The mothers’ meeting and the missionary society are still under the care of Miss Evans and Mrs. Sheffield. A new departure in the work this year took the form of a station class. Only Christian women were invited to join. Three classes of a month each were held, with an attendance of twenty-eight, besides thirteen children, those of school age attending the Girls’ Day School near by. The work in the dispensary has been carried on with great regularity by Mrs. Sheffield every afternoon, Sundays excepted. Miss Evans and Miss Miner, until her illness, have alternated in visiting the waiting-room for half an hour before dispensing began. Many who have received help come gladly to the Sabbath service. Entrance has thus been found also into many homes that would otherwise long have remained closed, and these visits are made the opportunity of sowing the gospel seed. During the Week of Prayer nineteen women in addition to the station class were invited to come in for daily instruction, and the noon meetings every day were attended by some seventy women and children. Three day-schools have been in operation. They draw many visitors to their general exercises, and thus much 1890.] North China Mission. 71

Christian truth is promulgated. Seven members of these schools have been sent to the Bridgman School, making in all fifteen pupils in that school from Tung-cho and vicinity. The work is building up on sure foundations and is a cause of great joy and thanksgiving.

PAO-TING-FU, OPENED 1874.

The personnel of the station has greatly changed during the year and the working force has been much reduced. Health considerations compelled Mr. and Mrs. Winchester to leave the station in the spring and eventually to return home. Miss Morrill joined the station in June and has given most of her time to the faithful study of the language. Miss Miner spent the summer with the station and rendered valuable aid. Mr. and Mrs. Fraser, who arrived in the spring, after spending the summer in Kalgan on account of health, joined the station in the fall. Mr. and Mrs. Pierson, after a long term of service, returned to the homeland in September for a much-needed rest. Dr. Merritt is thus left in charge of growing and important work, ably assisted by Helper Meng, who was ordained last August. For a month in the autumn Mr. Aiken came to the assist­ ance of the station, so much to the satisfaction of both natives and missionaries that they urged him strongly to return and spend the winter with them. Miss Dr. Murdock, seeing the great needs of the station, instead of returning to the United States as was intended after her severe sickness in Kalgan, decided to spend the winter in Pao-ting-fu, and gave invaluable assistance till about the end of April. This is the first year in the history of the station that the missionaries have remained through the summer at the station, one result of having good houses in a healthy location outside the city. Pastor Meng, ordained on August 20, has filled the position and discharged the responsibilities of the office with great acceptance to all. The teacher of the Boys’ School also preaches every afternoon in the street chapel, and takes charge of one of the four Sunday services for which provision has to be made. His son looks after the school when he is not present. Wang I Chai has done good service in various ways, in preaching to those who visited the South Suburb premises, and now, in taking the oversight of the workmen on. the new house teing built. The chapel-keeper and Dr. Merritt’s teacher are both active and earnest^workers and growing Christians. During last summer vacation Meng Chang Sd^ did excellent work both in touring and at the station. His studies are now completed, and it is hoped he may be restored to good health and spared for a long life of usefulness. Kao Wen Lin, of Tung-cho, also did good service during the summer. Notwithstanding the foreign force has been so reduced, “ the Lord has been mindful of his own,” and we praise him for the blessings received and the pro­ gress made. Over sixty have been received to the church, and over forty taken on probation. Along with'tMs there has been a marked spiritual growth; the Holy Spirit has been with us. The development at the village of Ching Liang Cheng, where there are a few Christians and many inquirers, has been very encour­ aging. The station class has been almost entirely taught by the native pastor, and the examination of those who entered the church showed that the instruc­ North China Mission. [Report, tion had been faithful and careful. The average attendance was twenty-eight, larger than ever before, and dismissed earlier than usual because the funds ran short. À few paid their own charges. There have been twenty-three boys in attendance upon the Boys’ School. Through the school access has been gained to two near villages. The chapel-keeper and Teacher Wang have done faithful work in the street chapel throughout the year. Dr. Merritt has also taken some part in preaching. Many have received personal instruction in the inner room. The country work has been visited twice by Pastor Meng, once by Weng Chang So, tjoth of whom give encouraging reports of the field. Dr. Merritt was only able to visit occa­ sionally two of the nearer villages where the work has recently opened. Mr. Aiken also went to these villages. Several men have labored as colporters a good part of the year. Arrangements were made during the fall and winter to commence building on the new compound early in the spring. One dwelling-house is now in process of erection, and there is cause for rejoicing at the near prospect of permanent and healthful dwelling-places outside the city of Pao-ting-fu. A pressing need of the station is a domestic chapel in the suburb, large enough for the audiences. Already the numbers that come exceed the possibility of accommodation, and this difficulty is likely to increase. It is expected that the house for single ladies will be ready for occupation before the winter sets in. They will also very much need accommodations for work for women, especially for a station class. In woman’s work very little could have been done but for the valuable aid rendered by Miss Miner during the summer and Miss Dr. Murdock during the winter. Miss Miner conducted a small school and taught several women to read and to understand the important Christian truths. During the winter Dr. Murdock held a station class for women in the suburb compound, instructed Christian women, and received village women and children, and gave medicines to not a few patients. Miss Morrill, in addition to hard study of the language, has taught a group of women every evening, and had a class of boys in the Sunday-school. The departure of Mrs. Pierson in September for the United States crippled this branch of work very much. She had been identified with it for seven years. During the winter Dr. Merritt and family occupied the city- premises and Mrs. Merritt looked after the woman's work there and the^Girls’ School. With the assistance received and the divine blessing much progress has been made. There have been three classes for women, the total'' attendance thirty-six. More doors are open than ever before — more than/it is possible to enter— both in the city and villages. In some villages jhe converts are in danger from Roman Catholic influence and proselytism. How can all this work be taken up? The average attendance of women at foij'r different places was eighty-six ; baptism, fourteen ; applicants, ten. The needs of the station are : two additional families and a single lady, two hotféës (one for ladies), and accommodations in the suburb for schools* and woman’s work.

PANG-CHIA-CHUANG, OPENED l88o.

The membership of thé station has changed considerably during the year. In May Dr. Peck açeompanied his family to Japan, returning in August, and in 1890.] North China Mission. 7 3

October, on the arrival of Dr. and Mrs. Atwood, he followed them to the United States. Dr. and Mrs. Wagner reached Pang-chia-chuang in November, and have since occupied Mr. Porter’s house. The work consists mainly in preaching in the dispensary, at fairs, and in villages, and at specified places on Sundays. Sunday meetings are held in ten places, conducted by missionaries or helpers, or, in the absence of these, by resident members. For most of the year the audiences at Pang-chia-chuang have been large, often reaching^ nearly 400, composed of Christians, “ adherents,” and outsiders, mainly hospital patients. The gathering on the second Sunday of the Chinese New Year was exception­ ally large, the woman’s side of the chapel overflowing into outside meetings. At intervals of a few weeks, or months in the busy season, general meetings are held at Pang-chia-chuang, and all members far and near invited. Reports are made by those engaged in evangelistic work. Some of these are sup­ ported by native contributions, some give their time, and some who are sent to more distant places are paid 130 real cash per day for expenses. They report that never before was there so little caviling and bad language and so great readiness to hear. They were often quite exhausted by the persistence of the hearers. There has been great increase in the sale of calendars and books during the year, and that too among the dispensary patients, though poor and illiterate. Copies of the Commandments and the Lord’s Prayer have frequently disappeared from the walls of the hospital rooms, taken by the patients to replace their abandoned kitchen gods, as objects of worship. Dis­ pensary preaching has been unusually fruitful. Patients have come from all directions, among them many women. A number of members with no appar­ ent spiritual life have been dropped; they were mainly accessions received shortly after the famine. In Shih-chia-tang, where the temple was transferred to the church, there is scarcely a live Christian now, while in Kan Fen, where, with a little help, the eight members built their own chapel, they are now adding a schoolhouse. One man, not a church-member, who gave 30,000 cash then, now gives a small temple, pulled down for the purpose, and 100,000 cash. The general and school work at Ho-chia-tun is in a flourishing condition. More lads applied than we could accommodate in the school, some from outside villages. It is acknowledged to be superior to the adjacent Confucian schools. A small tuition fee is paid. There are twenty-nine pupils. The land and buildings cost about $300, of which less than half was supplied by the mission. Some of the students did good service during vacation by preaching with sciopti- con illustrations in over twenty villages. It is wearying work and requires tact, but results justify its continuance. One of the older helpers, Wu Feng I, died in February. During his thirteen years of service we have never heard a word to discredit his Christian character. In the department of woman’s work there has been enlargement and develop­ ment. One married lady and two single ladies constitute the foreign force for the year. They are trying to teach the women the blessedness of service for others. Several have thus honored their Master and received blessing them­ selves. The faithfulness of Mrs. Chiang at Shih-chia-tang, in helping the women to prepare a lesson for each semi-monthly meeting, prevents the little 74 North China Mission. [Report,

desire to learn from being utterly crushed out by the daily cares that demand most of a Chinese woman’s time. Many women who have come to the hospital have carried away seeds of truth and a desire to get more. Work in this line is increasing upon us year by year. Many women buy books, hoping to read or have their friends and children do so. Mrs. Ma, the blind beggar referred to last year, who regained her sight and also became spiritually awakened, h^s shown great eagerness to learn and has received the truth with wonderful simplicity of faith. Her gratitude is shown by her great ‘desire to teach others what she knows of the gospel and by readiness to wait on the help­ less. She soon became able to take the drudgery of teaching the ignorant who came to the dispensary, and thus it was decided to take her as assistant to the women patients, with the responsibility of teaching the lessons, which are to be recited to the ladies. She is paid about nineteen cents gold a week for herself and child. Much good is thus done. A number have learned from her the simpler gospel truths. Village work is extending in all directions. Nine villages have semi-monthly meetings, two monthly, one weekly, while invitations have been received to visit thirteen new villages. Four tours have been made to the most distant out-stations; Hsia Chin, 30 miles, and Kwan Chwang, 18 miles. On one of these visits Mrs. Sheffield accompanied two of the station ladies. The longest visit comprised ten days, and was an experiment at holding a station class at Hsia Chin. Instruction was given to all who came on each visit, especially the church-members. The Sunday-school has held its own. Twenty names are on the list. Even in the summer, when all are busy in the fields, the attendance has been fair. In this work, Marie Smith, Mrs. McClure, of the Canadian Pres­ byterian mission, and Mrs. Ma have assisted, but it is difficult to get hold of the parents. The weekly prayer-meeting and the Sunday afternoon meeting are well attended by the church-members. They are instructed and questioned mainly on the Sunday-school lesson. The entire number who have received more or less of regular instruction is 165. Twenty-nine villages were repre­ sented, in eleven of which regular meetings are held. Thus are better and more active Christians to be raised up, to reach those who are beyond the reach of the foreign missionary. There have been 425 services held for women, 165 have received instruction, eleven villages have regular meetings, thirteen new villages have been visited, and four tours have been made.

LIN-CHING, OPENED 18 8 6 . The general health of the station has been good during the year. Several members of the Canadian Presbyterian mission resided at Lin-ching during most of the year. Their presence has been a pleasure, and they have rendered assistance in the chapel. Dr. and Mrs. Wagner spent the winter at Pang-chia-chuang, joining the station this spring. Two new houses were built and occupied in October. Not­ withstanding some mishaps in connection with building, the houses are com­ pleted at a cost of $700 within the appropriation. Sunday services are held in two connected rooms, in the rear of the dwelling- houses, which will seat about eighty persons. More men have often come than 1890.] North China Mission. 75 would fill the space, but as yet no fruitage has been seen in genuine repentance. Some have come expressing an interest which they did not feel. Visits have been made by Roman Catholics, more or less disguised, and on three occasions they sent in cards inscribed, “ sinful disciples,” and asked for instruction. A continually changing audience has been addressed in the chapel almost daily. For this work a helper is much needed who can make more plain to them the Way of Life. Many visitors have been received, especially during the spring examinations for the first degree, the great fair, and the New Year vacation. It is not to be supposed that they come from other than motives of curiosity. The Ning Chin field, recently transferred to the care of this station from Tientsin, has been visited. There is little to mention beyond what has appeared in the Tientsin report. Among the many visitors received by the ladies have been most of the ladies in the district Yamen. There appear to be encouraging openings for beginning work for women, but doubtless much will have to be done before any results are seen, as in other fields. Mrs. Chapin has given instruction to a class of women each Sunday. A few visitors have occasionally come in. Some of the women connected with the station have attempted a little study. One of the Christian women tried to get some of the little girls playing about the gate into a day- school, but was informed by their mothers that they were too stupid and too busy to attend. It takes time to overcome their suspicions. A wide field for labor is opened on all sides. No unfriendly feeling has developed, and it is hoped that erelong some results of effort may be seen. The pressing need of this new station is good, efficient native helpers. « The mission report closes with these hopeful and significant words : “ When the present outlook is compared with that of ten years ago, we cannot fail to be sensible of what has been accomplished. There has never been a time when the m edical work was so widely known and valued, or when it was so distinctly efficient as an evangelizing agency; when the results of wide preaching were so marked and so constant; when so many large fairs were attended with so much interest on the part of the hearers and so little opposition of any sort; when so many persons attended religious services ; when so many individuals of both sexes and all ages were under religious instruction ; and when on all hands, despite some discouragements, the outlook was so hopeful.” Servants of God first, we also serve the churches, and we say to them, “ Behold, the Lord thy God hath set the land before thee : go up and possess it ! ”

THE MEDICAL WORK.

The place of medical work as a means of drawing attention to the gospel and opening the way for religious instruction is of increasing importance in this mission; and the following statistics of this work show that it is steadily assum­ ing greater dimensions.

Kalgan. Total number of treatments in one-half year . . . 1,794 Tung-cho. „ „ „ „ „ „ „ . . . 8,067 Pao-ting-fu. „ „ „ „ „ „ ...... 9,224 Pang Chuang. „ „ „ „ „ „ ...... 14.365 Lin-Ching. „ „ „ „ „ „ ...... 4,611

Total, 38,061 76 Hong Kong Mission. [Report,

HONG KONG MISSION.

HONG K o n g . — Charles R. Hager, Missionary. On the way. — John R. Taylor, Missionary; Lillian B. Taylor. One station; 3 out-stations; 2 missionaries; 1 assistant missionary; 3 native preachers; 6 teachers; -2 churches : 26 members; 6 received on confession this year; 6 common schools: 318 pupils; 38 of these girls; 4,000 copies of Bible or tracts distributed; 20,000 copies of other books and tracts

This mission has been reinforced by the appointment of Mr. and Mrs. Taylor, who are now on their way to join Mr. Hager and give a new impetus to the work. Mr. Hager has filled the year with faithful and efficient service, and is greatly cheered by the near prospect of associates in his labors. We give the report of the two main features of the work in this mission in the language of Mr. Hager, the missionary in charge.

EVANGELISTIC WORK.

For the seventh year the mission has had only one foreign representative, and the work has perhaps never been more onerous than during the past year. The missionary to China, returning at the end of 1888 after a brief visit of six months to America, found sufficient opportunity to engage his energies in the five mis­ sion schools of Hong Kong and the two out-stations and schools in the interior o f China. Twice during the year has the missionary been alone for twelve weeks without seeing a single 'tvhite face. Only occasionally has he made visits to Hong Kong, and then for a short time only, to superintend the mission schools and secure supplies and money to carry on the work of the country stations. In Hong Kong, besides the schools mentioned in a separate report, a weekly Sabbath service has been conducted at the house of one of the mission schools, at which some forty or fifty persons were present every Sabbath. During the mission­ ary’s absence in the interior Dr. E. J. Eitel has always kindly conducted this service. These services were attended by many not connected with the mission in church fellowship, and every one has been profited by them. Besides this work there has been preaching for the heathen in the western part of the city whenever the missionary has been in Hong Kong. Two have been received by baptism into church fellowship who thus far have walked worthy of the profes­ sion made. As in previous years the principal effort made was not here but in the country stations, else we might easily have opened a regular chapel in the city and confined ourselves to the work here. Hong Kong is already supplied, though not fully, with hospitals, chapels, and schools, while in many parts of the interior one or two hundred miles distant there is not a single one to lift up his voice for the Master. In the station of Kwonghoi more fruit has been seen during the year than in other years. Three have been led to Christ by hearing the gospel here, and others would accept him if they had the courage to face angry parents and be despised by relatives and friends. Whether the day of China’s redemption is at hand or not cannot be determined from the opposition that Christians receive, 1890.] Hong Kong Mission. 77 for that is almost as bitter as ever in this part of the empire. Kwonghoi is known as a very idolatrous community, and the idols are worshiped by every one. During the present year a Confucian hall has been opened where the stories of antiquity are rehearsed to the common people. The common people only visit the chapels, and this is true of these Confucian halls. Of the mem­ bers received here, two have been bitterly persecuted. At Hoi In the regular services for preaching have been sustained and much visiting and preaching have been done; but the soil is hard and little fruit has been seen, though some are gaining a more favorable idea of the truth than they previously had. One of the six that have received baptism during the year has been from this region. This entire region, which comprises a long and narrow strip of country, intersected by mountains, is about eighteen or twenty miles in length, and contains at least 100,000 souls, for which we have only one Chinese preacher. At the beginning of' the year a series of visits to the villages was entered upon and tracts and por­ tions of the Scriptures were distributed. Five or six Chinese preachers could easily be located here, if we had them. The people for the most part are poor and many have sought foreign climes to better their circumstances. In the Kwonghoi region the field for evangelistic operations is somewhat larger than here, though the need is no greater. The school at Tai Song has been a little larger during this year than formerly and the people have been very friendly. The teacher holds a high position for integrity and truthfulness in the village, and was selected this year as the disburser of funds in a lawsuit which they had with another village. He tried not to have anything to do with it, but since his fellow-villagers were not the accusing party he consented to act in the capacity of “ head man.” One or two are interested in the truth here, and would accept Christ if Chinese customs and laws did not have such a mighty influence over the hearts of the masses. Many other fields were visited, and a special effort was made to see many of the American Chinese at their homes and to preach the gospel to their relatives and friends. Some of these have suffered for Christ’s sake, but have been enabled to withstand all temptations to return again to the worship of idols; others, while not denying the truth, are still not as zealous as could be desired. A visit of a Chinese or foreign missionary to their homes is a great encourage­ ment to them. Some of these men have come from different cities in California, from Salt Lake City, Denver, Chicago, Boston, and New York. An earnest Chi­ nese preacher could find a large field just in visiting these American brethren and preaching to their families. Twice during the year a station class has been conducted for a brief period, to which all the Christians were invited. These were seasons of profit and blessing enjoyed by all, and productive of good to those who had not yet accepted Christ. It is hoped to make more of this feature of the work during the years to come. New stations could be opened in several localities if there were men enough to occupy them. As time progresses and the work advances, the stations ought to be doubled in the field now occupied; a thing which could be easily done without going beyond pressing needs. In the Kwonghoi region and the sur­ rounding places there is a population of at least 150,000. Some of the villages- 7 8 Hong Kong Mission. [Report, alone have 10,000 or 15,000 people, and it would not take more than four or five of the largest to give a population equal to that of all the Micronesian islands ; and this is only a part of the field of a single Chinese preacher. I f the villages of 1,000 inhabitants were selected and a single man placed in each, it would require twenty or thirty men ; and even then no provision would be made for any of the almost numberless small villages which have a population from 200 to 500. In reviewing the year, while perhaps no great advance seems to have been made, there has been some progress for which we are truly thankful. More pupils have been in the schools during this year than in former years, and the number of new members added to the churches is slightly greater than the average of past years. And now, in closing, we commit this work to the keeping of the Lord, who knows how to bless the weak things of the earth that they may become mighty. In his hand we leave our work and our all, for he can bless the little as well as the much.

SCHOOLWORK.

The schools of this mission number five, four for boys and one for girls. Dur­ ing the year which has just closed (1889), there have been gathered in these schools 318 pupils, 38 of whom have been girls. The average daily attendance has been 263, while the total number of days’ attendance throughout the year has been 66,025. Two hundred and seventeen of these 318 pupils passed the government examinations of Hong Kong, only thirty failing to receive the requisite number of marks to entitle them to a pass. One of the boys’ schools and the girls’ schools passed with 100 per cent, in every study. The inspector of public schools remarked that the girls did remarkably well, if not the best of all the girls’ schools of Hong Kong, and there are thirty of these under the grant-in-aid system. This is a very good record, though the school has not had quite as many pupils as during the previous year. The grant-in-aid system, inaugurated by the Hong Kong government in 1873, requires that the school be in session for at least 200 days during the year, and that the daily sessions be four hours long. The branches taught in the school are at the option of the managers of the schools, and may be religious or secu­ lar ; so that the Roman Catholics can teach their peculiar doctrines, while the Protestant missionary «ocieties can select their own textbooks for the use of their schools. In the first standard we have a Christian classic, while in the second and third we use a Chinese book, which all the Chinese children study. After the third standard Christian books are employed. A scholar passing in the first standard receives two dollars, a scholar passing in the second standard receives four dollars, and a scholar passing in the third standard receives six dollars. Most of our pupils are from these three standards, though some are found in the fourth and fifth standards. This year three or four girls passed the fourth stand­ ard, and three the fifth standard, and hence received passes for eight and ten dollars respectively. The money received for these passes enables us to provide for all current expenses, such as rent and teachers’ salaries, so that the schools are wholly self-supporting. In connection with these branches required by the I890.J Shansi Mission. 79 government, we employ a series of religious books in which the true doctrine of God and the salvation of the soul is taught. At the close of the year the schol­ ars are also required to pass an examination in these, in which the chief object is to ascertain whether the pupil has committed to memory the lessons assigned, and also whether he is able to explain what he has learned. Most of the pupils this year have committed to memory a little Christian Trimetrical Classic, which they repeated without making a single mistake. Besides the book mentioned, we have question-books and other classics in which the pupils learn about Jesus and the sin of idolatry. One great disadvantage of these schools is that the scholars remain only a short time. They are with us at the most only two or three years, and then are scattered over the colony of Hong Kong, engaged in various occupations. Of the sixty-three mission schools in Hong Kong in which are gathered 4,325 pupils, little present fruit may be seen; yet a partial Christian education is bet­ ter than to give a merely secular one. The work of instructing the pupils in these higher things devolves largely upon the Christian teachers; and if they are earnest and faithful, the scholars will be largely influenced by them. Some go from these Chinese mission schools into the public English schools and eventually become teachers of English to their own class, either in Hong Hong or elsewhere. A young man who six years ago was a pupil in our evening school is now a teacher of English in a mission school in Hong Kong. As the population of Hong Hong increases the schools also increase. What we hope for these schools is not so much an increase of numbers as a deeper spirituality among the pupils ; and to this end the teachers need to be more thoroughly consecrated to the work. We can only plant and water and God must give the increase. Blessed is the knowledge that he accepts the smallest deed done in the name of his Son !

SHANSI MISSION.

Tai-KU. — Dwight H. Clapp, Missionary; James Goldsbury, Jr., M.D., Physician; Mrs. Mary J. Clapp, Mrs. Grace F. Goldsbury.

F e n -CHOW -FU. — Ireneus J. Atwood, M.D., James B. Thompson, Charles Wesley Price, Francis W . Davis, Missionaries; Mrs. Annette W. Atwood, Mrs. Eva J. Price, Mrs. Lydia L. Davis. On the way out. — Miss D ’Etta Hewitt, Miss Rowena Bird. In this country. — Francis M. Price, Missionary ; Mrs. Sarah J. Price. Two stations; i out-station; 6 missionaries; i physician ; 8 female assistant missionaries; i church : 10 members; 2 station classes ; 1 boys' boarding school: 18 pupils.

The mission has received noteworthy additions to its working force, and has also suffered serious losses. Mr. Stimson’s health, in the judgment of competent physicians, has not improved so as to warrant the expectation of continuous effi­ cient service in the mission field, and accordingly, at his own request, he and Mrs. Stimson have been released from their connection with the Board, not with­ out the earnest hope that in the near future the service in Shansi so dear to their hearts may wisely be resumed. Seriously failing health on the part of Mr. F. M. Price has compelled him to come to this country with his family to seek the 8o Shansi Mission. [Report,

most favorable conditions for the restoration of his strength : unhappily, with too much reason to fear that further service in China may prove impossible. The withdrawal of these two veterans of this young mission, with their devoted wives, is a great loss to the mission as well as a deep personal disappointment to them­ selves. Last autumn the mission was reinforced and greatly cheered by the coming of Dr. Goldsbury, Mr. Price, and Mr. Davis, with their wives; and two young women, Miss Hewitt and Miss Bird, the first to join the mission, are now on their way to engage in teaching and in work for women. Mr. and Mrs. Atwood, for­ merly of this mission, but for some years connected with the North China Mis­ sion, at their own request and that of this mission, have been transferred to the scene of their early labors. As Mr. Atwood is a thoroughly trained physician as well as an ordained missionary, his coming meets a twofold want and promises to add much to the efficiency of the work. The fresh and deepened interest in this mission awakened at Oberlin, the scene of its birth and the source whence all its laborers, save the physicians and their wives, have been drawn, and the fixed purpose among teachers and pupils to fill up the ranks and equip the mis­ sion for the great opportunity God is setting before it, are among the cheering signs with which the new year is ushered in. The report of this field is given substantially in the form in which it was forwarded from the annual meeting of the mission. The work of the mission for the past year has not been materially different from that of previous years, and the experiences of the missionaries in the work have been of the usual character. In many respects, however, we believe that solid psogress has been made and good foundations laid for future growth. The first and most important work has been that of evangelization, which has been steadily maintained at both stations with all the energy and wisdom at our command. Street chapel services have been held daily or tri-weekly in the chapels in Tai-ku and Fen-chow-fu, and the audiences have been usually good and attentive. The Sunday services have been fairly well attended, and the audiences have seemed to be more capable of understanding the truth than is usual with audiences in China. This year we are able to report a prayer- meeting, led by one of the natives, which has now become, as we believe, a per­ manent feature of our work. The selling of books has been prosecuted as usual, but no especially interesting cases are reported. Preaching on the street has been practised in both stations with good results, so far as we can judge. Touring is an interesting and important feature of our evangelistic work. During the past year no long tours have been made, but not less than seventy-five villages have been visited, in which books have been sold and the gospel preached by word of mouth. Wen Shui Hsien has been visited from Fen-chow-fu with especial reference to opening a station there during the coming year, and the people have been friendly and civil. Villages also in the vicinity of that city have been visited and a knowledge of the Word diffused as widely as possible. Two villages northeast of Tai-ku, Jen T ’sun and Fan T’sun, have been visited with a view to opening work in one of them. The object is to reach the mountaineers in the district of Liao Chou, 70 miles from Tai-ku; a 1890.] Shansi Mission. 81

large district where the gospel never has been preached. On all the tours the missionaries have been kindly treated, have always found those who lent a willing ear to their words, and have made many interesting acquaintances, who will be ready to receive them when they return to their villages on subsequent tours. The Boys’ School has enjoyed steady prosperity and growth. The numbers in attendance have been all that could be accommodated, the fees have been promptly paid, and the studies have been diligently prosecuted. In this branch of the work the year has been unexpectedly prosperous, and the special blessing of God on both teachers and pupils has given us great encouragement and hope for the future. The brethren of the mission have been called on in the absence of a physician to treat simple cases of sickness, and the results have been on the whole gratify­ ing. The coming of Dr. Goldsbury was the signal for a flock of patients in Tai-ku, and the result has been a material increase in the Sunday audiences there. Work among the women has been prosecuted by the ladies of the mission to the extent of their time and strength; but the lack of young women to attend to this branch of the work in connection with the school was never more appar­ ent. Mrs. Clapp, the only teacher, has found it impossible to improve the oppor­ tunities presented, her school duties being too taxing to allow her to take on the further burden of home visitation. There have been several applications for baptism during the past year, and in Fen-chow-fu five were baptized. We believe there are some who are truly follow­ ers of the Lord Jesus and who will be ready to receive the sacred ordinance of baptism during the coming year. The case of Mr. Wu, of Tai-ku, who applied for baptism last spring is worthy of mention. He is a man of unusual kindness of heart and culture of mind. He began coming to the service in the fall of 1888 and came very regularly during the entire winter. He says that he knew the doctrine was true, but that he tried to find peace without confessing his sins and promising obedience to God. “ One night,” he says, “ I decided that from this time forward I would serve only the one true God, and after I made that promise my heart filled with peace ; during all my life I have ^never known such peace.” Since then he has come steadily forward and to-day seems to enjoy the peace of a child of God. O f the baptized persons in Fen-chow-fu, T ’sui and his wife and child are grow­ ing in grace and give great encouragement to all. The servant in Mr. Davis’s family, Mr. Wong, still maintains his profession, but others have not attended services during the year and steadily refuse to come, and some have moved away. Late in the fall the mission was recruited by a noble reinforcement from America, two evangelists and one physician, and these have entered heartily and sympa­ thetically into the work. On the whole, counting the losses and gains, we are confident that we have made real progress, and we are grateful to our heavenly Father for his gracious care over us during the year, for the evidence of his presence in our work, and for the recruits he has so kindly sent us. And we look forward to the future with assurance and faith ; assurance that the work is the Lord’s and will be owned of him, and faith that in the loyal dis­ charge of the duties of the coming year we shall have his blessing, both on us, as his servants, and on the work he has called us to do. 82 Japan Mission. [Report,

JAPAN MISSION.

K Y O T O . — J . D. Davis, D .D ., M. L. Gordon, M.D., D.D., Dwight W . Learned, PH .D ., Chauncey M. Cady, Arthur W . Stanford, George E. Albrecht, Missionaries; John C. Berry, M .D., Physician; Edmund Buckley, Teacher; Lieut G. C. Foulk, Teacher and Corresponding Member; Charles T. Wyckoff, Y M. C. A. Teacher; Miss Eliza Talcott, Mrs. F. H. Learned, Mrs. Agnes H. Gordon, Mrs. Maria E. Berry, Mrs. Virginia A. Cady, Mrs. Jane H. Stanford, Mrs. Sara C. Buckley, m .d ., Mrs. Frances Hooper Davis, Mrs. Leonora B. Albrecht, Miss Mary Wainwright, Mrs. Foulk, Miss Florence White, Miss Flora Denton, Miss Ida V. Smith. Nineteen churches: 3,1x4 members. K O B E . — J. L. Atkinson, Missionary ; Mrs. Carrie E. Atkinson, Miss Julia E. Dudley, Miss M. J. Barrows, Miss Emily M. Brown, Miss Susan A. Searle, Miss Annie L. Howe, Miss M. Louise Graves, Miss Effie B. Gunnison, Miss Cornelia Judson, reside at Matsuyama. Eighteen churches: 2,707 members.

K u m a m o t o . — Orramel H. Gulick, Cyrus A. Clark, Sidney L . Gulick, Missionaries; Mrs. Anna E. Gulick, Mrs. Hattie M. Clark, Mrs. Cara M. Gulick, Miss Julia A. E . Gulick, Miss Martha J. Clark, Miss Fannie E . Griswold. Four churches : 514 members. O K A Y A M A . — James H . Pettee, Missionary; Mrs. Isabella W . Pettee, Miss Almona Gill, Miss I d a McLennan. Seven churches : 1,242 members. OSAKA.— Wallace Taylor, M.D., George Allchin, Otis Cary, J. T. Gulick, Missionaries; Mrs. Mary Taylor, Mrs. Nellie M. Allchin, Mrs. Ellen Maria Cary, Mrs. Frances A. Gulick, Miss Adelaide Doughaday, Miss Mary Poole, Miss Mary B. Daniels. Eleven churches : 1,423 members. T O T T O R I. — George M. Rowland, Missionary; Mrs. Helen A. Rowland, Miss Mary A . Holbrook, M .D., Miss Cora A. Stone. TSU. — Frank N. White, Missionary; Mrs. Jennie A. White, Miss Fannie A . Gardner. In this country. — Mr. Samuel C. Bartlett, Jr., Miss Abbie M. Colby. Going out for the first time. — W . L. Curtis, C. M. Severance, S. S. White, Missionaries ; Arthur T . Hill, Business Agent; Mrs. Gertrude B. Curtis, Mrs. Louise E. Hill, Miss Clara L. Brown, Miss Elizabeth Torrey, Miss Caroline M. Telford.

NORTHERN JAPAN.

NIIGATA.— Horatio B. Newell, Hilton Pedley, Missionaries; Mrs. Jane Cozad Newell, Miss Gertrude Cozad. Mr. and Mrs. Newell reside at Nagaoka. Two churches: 223 members.

S e n d a i . — J. H. De Forest, D.D., W . W . Curtis, Missionaries; Mrs. Sarah E. De Forest, Mrs. Lydia V . Curtis, Miss Mathilde H. Meyer, Miss Annie H. Bradshaw. Three churches: 292 members. T O K Y O (as a place of residence). — D. C. Greene, D.D., Missionary ; Mrs. Mary J. Greene, Miss Mary H. Shed (residence at Mayebashi). In this country. — Doremus Scudder, M .D., Missionary ; Mrs. Eliza C. Scudder.

SUMMARY OF THE TWO MISSIONS.

Nine stations; 73 out-stations; 26 missionaries, of whom 2 are physicians and 2 are teachers of English; 1 other physician; 1 other assistant missionary; 1 corresponding member; 58 female assist­ ant missionaries, including 2 physicians ; 26 native pastors; 77 preachers and colporters; 61 churches: 9,146 members; 1,615 additions on profession ; 116 theological students; 7 high schools for boys and young m en: 1,355 pupils; 12 high schools for girls: 1,162 pupils; 1 evangelistic school for women: 30 pupils; 1 training school for nurses: 21 pupils; contributions, $50,841, not including tuition fees.

The past year has been one of varied interest in the history of the Japan Mission — a year of many trials, and yet not without its grounds of encourage­ ment and hope. The following report is largely abridged from the more extended report received from the mission. It is for the year ending April 30^ 1890. The condition of the field is thus summed up : — “ The indefinite postponement of treaty revision, which a few months since 1890.] Japan Mission. 83

seemed wellnigh accomplished; the attempt to assassinate Count Okuma, Minis­ ter of Foreign Aifairs; the general conservative reaction, with its accompanying cry, 'Japan for the Japanese’ ; the noisy revival of Buddhism and Shintoism; the triumphant discovery of some of the flaws, not of Christianity, but of Chris­ tendom ; the political excitement attendant upon a change of cabinet, upon the retirement at least temporarily of this nation’s most eminent statesmen, upon the first experiences in self-government by cities and villages, upon the promul­ gation of the long-delayed Civil Code, and the anxious waiting by government and people for the opening next fall of Japan’s first National Parliament, — these, with disastrous floods, typhoons, and earthquakes, the alarming increase of pov­ erty, the murder by robbers of a Canadian Methodist Missionary, and the dis­ couraging failure of the Union movement, with its resulting partisan feeling, form the dark background of the year’s picture. “ In the foreground we may note, for the nation at large, a steady growth of new and old manufactures headed by railroads and electric light companies. Over $100,000,000 of capital were invested in new companies of various sorts organized during the year, while the total foreign trade of the land exceeded #136,000,000. We note also the opening at Tokyo of a National Industrial Exhibition, the third and greatest in Japan’s history; the remarkable agitation, headed by Christians, of questions of social purity; the increasingly good work of the Young Men’s Christian Association, and of a large number of Christian foreign teachers other than missionaries; the Summer School at Ky 5to, under the leadership of Secretary Wishard, which cabled to Mr. Moody the message, 4 Crown Jesus King, (signed) Five Hundred Students’ ; and the assembling in Tokyo, as this report goes to press, of delegates from all parts of Protestant Japan to hold counsel together for mutual encouragement and aid in furthering the interests of the Kingdom throughout the land. “ Without attempting to classify them as either lights or shadows, we may mention the coming of a Universalist missionary; the beginning of an aggressive literary campaign on the part of the Unitarians; the establishment of a Roman Catholic hierarchy consisting of an archbishop and four suffragan bishops ; also, the completion of the Russo-Greek Catholic cathedral in Tokyo, the most impos­ ing and by far the most prominent building in the capital. “ The statistics for these two branches of the faith are, as nearly as we can ascertain, as follows : the Roman Catholic population was, in 1887,35,886; in 1888, 37,211, and in 1889, 40,538. The Greek believers, in 1887, were 13,958 ; in 1888, 15,542 ; in 1889, 16,889. “ The Protestant statistics for the same period (see Loomis’s Tables) were: in 1887, 19,829; 1888, 25,514; 1889, 31,181.” Among the important events of the year should be mentioned, first of all, the

death of Joseph Hardy Neesima, l l .d ., to whom, more than to any other human agency, the Japan Mission was indebted for its origin and development. His personal influence in his native land was due to his broad views of Christian civilization and his sanguine, unselfish Christian spirit and purpose. He did not live to see the realization of all his plans for the spiritual welfare of his country­ men, but long enough to see the great work begun which now only waits for its 84 Japan Mission. [Report, full realization through agencies which he did so much to inaugurate and develop. The mission has been called to mourn the loss by death of two young women of sweet Christian spirit and consecrated life, Miss Katherine S. Scudder and Mrs. Elizabeth A. S. Pedley. Mr. and Mrs. Jencks, Mr. and Mrs. Gaines, Mr. S. C. Bartlett, Jr., Miss M. A. J. Richards, have retired from the field because of impaired health, after valuable service in different departments of labor, as has also Miss Radford in consequence of an injury received on the way out to Japan, greatly to the regret of the mission and all who made her acquaintance. Miss Colby, after eleven years of happy and successful work, has been constrained to take rest and recreation in her native land. Dr. De Forest, after a short furlough, is on his way back to his work at Sendai. The mission has welcomed the return of Dr. and Mrs. Greene, Mr. and Mrs. Cary, Mr. and Mrs. J. T. Gulick, and Miss Gardner. Dr. Greene is to be con­ nected with the Northern Japan Mission and to reside at T 5kyo. Mr. and Mrs. Cary make their new home in Osaka, and Miss Gardner joins Mr. and Mrs. White in opening a new station at Tsu. Through the generous special gift of 55,000 by the Eliot Church at Newton, Mass., a year ago, a new station has been opened’at Tottori in charge of Mr. and Mrs. Rowland, aided by Miss Holbrook and Miss Stone. At the late annual meeting of the mission it was no easy task, and one that required no little self-denial and personal sacrifice on the part of individual members of the mission, to make arrangements to meet as far as possi­ ble the imperative demands of work already begun, and to leave so many other places of great promise unprovided for. The work of the American Board is found in twenty-eight of the forty-seven political divisions of Japan. To be more accurate still, old Japan was divided into eighty-six provinces, and of these the work of the Board reaches thirty-eight, only five less than one half. “ Even to hold the territory taken, we need at once, besides money, ten families and fifteen single ladies. The mission memorial last summer to the Board through the Prudential Committee was the pathetic plea of those who realize that each year’s delay necessitates more labor per individual Japanese to enforce the claims of a spiritual life, and that therefore foreign work to be economical should be immediate. Our muster roll at present is considerably less than one sixth of the total number of missionaries in Japan, while the adult membership of our churches is nearly one third that of all denominations. The n et increase of all Protestant missionaries in Japan last year was about eighty; but although the demands of the work upon this mission are such that we have been calling for reinforcements more loudly than any other mission in Japan, or than any other mission of the American Board, our balance is on the wrong side— a net loss of four. Last year, under the pressure of the demands upon us, we appealed for seven families and nine ladies for the immediate work. Within the year five single ladies have joined the mission; one, however, was compelled by ill-health to return, and death has taken from us another sister after five years of earnest labor. One man has joined us in the year — the only one indeed within two years.” The reinforcement now on the way will be most welcome, but it is by no means i 89o.J Japan Mission. 85 adequate to the great opportunities. Indeed, the failure to secure any worthy response to the urgent appeal of a year ago has been a great discouragement to the mission, all the more as they have been obliged to give up cherished plans and to see work for which they had labored and prayed slipping from their hands. In the pathetic appeal for reinforcements, presented by the Japan Mission at the late Annual Meeting in New York, the urgent needs of seven large cities were set forth, each the centre of a region with nearly a million population, and aside from a few inconsiderable exceptions, almost entirely destitute of missionaries and Christian work. It was felt that whatever enlargement the means of the Board would permit should be made with a view to. meeting these pressing destitutions. For this reason, and also in view of the claims of missionary comity, it was not deemed advisable to establish a station which might involve the support of several missionary families with schools, teachers, etc., at Tdkyo, already occupied by some 150 missionary laborers belonging to sixteen different Boards. There seemed, however, to be force in the demand for a single missionary fam­ ily to reside at this capital city for convenience of consultation with native leaders and to exert a general influence in aid of the work of the Northern Japan Mis­ sion. The ripe experience and wide acquaintance of Rev. D. C. Greene, d .d ., seemed to designate him for this peculiar work, and he has therefore entered hopefully upon it, he and Mrs. Greene having been transferred for this purpose to the mission of Northern Japan. Notwithstanding all embarrassments, a total gain for the year is reported of 23 pastors and evangelists, and 1,615 additions on confession of faith to the one independent and the 65 Congregational churches. The mission reports a membership in these churches of 9,146. It points to 25 schools, with nearly 2,600 students, of whom 916 are professed Christians, 199 having been baptized during the year. It points to hospitals, to magazines, newspapers, books, and, above all, to the changed life and character of thousands of believers. A Science Hall at Kyoto for the University will soon be open. Two school buildings have been erected at Kumamoto and one at Kobe. A boys’ school at Okayama, a kindergarten, and night schools at Kobe are some of the new educational ventures of the year. To show how the church and the school are regarded by the Japanese it is enough to report that contributions, not includ­ ing tuition fees, to the amount of $50,841 have been received. Among the books published during the year by members of the mission or their Japanese associates are : “ Lectures Introductory to the Study of Theology ” and a “ Hand­ book of Christian Evidences,” in both English and Japanese, by Dr. Davis; “ Extra-Biblical Proofs of the Divinity of Christ,” Dr. Davis; “ Questions and Answers on the Old Testament,” two vols., Drs. Davis and Gordon; “ Com­ mentary on Pastoral Epistles” and “ Church History,” Dr. Learned; “ Trans­ lation of Fisher’s Manual of Christian Evidences; ” “ A Concordance of the New Testament; ” “ Life of Moody and Sankey ; ” “ The Puritans; ” “ The Sum­ mer School Lectures;” “ An Account of Dr. Neesima’s Death and Funeral;” four books on Sabbath-school work and one on Christmas; also, new editions of fourteen old books and tracts, making a grand total of 100,000 copies. 8 6 Japan Mission. [Report,

The medical work has not been neglected, as appears from the records of the three practising physicians, who report 4,772 patients, treating a disheartening variety of diseases; and a total of nearly 19,000 consultations. This general survey should not be closed without allusion to the Japanese Home Missionary Society, which has recently been organized with a view to greater efficiency. It has appointed a salaried president, and proposes to place two traveling secretaries in the field, — one in the east and the other in the west, — as soon as the society’s finances will allow. The Japanese churches realize fully the duty devolving upon them, not only to provide for their own spiritual wants, but to do what they can for the evangelization of their native land.

STATIONS.

K obe. — The churches of this station show a good degree of activity, as seen in large accessions on profession of faith and in efforts to extend their local evan­ gelical work as their means will allow. It is felt that a church is not fitted for its work without at least one man and one woman evangelist. The evangelistic work for women is fully realizing expectations. The women trained in it are in great demand for work in the different churches. The Girls’ School at Kobe is steadily raising its standard of instruction and becoming widely known for its successful work. A Girls’ School begun at Matsuyama has become a valuable evangelistic agency in that city, and is holding the ground till the long-wished-for arrival of missionaries. The Kindergarten and Training School at Kobe is proving a great success and does honor to the efficiency and tact of its founder. Osaka. — Within the bounds of this station are twenty-three regular preaching places, including ten churches, with a membership of 1,423. Three new church buildings dedicated, and another in process of erection ; three new churches organized during the year, mark the substantial growth of the work of this station. The anti-foreign sentiment shown in some sections of Japan has had little recognition in this quarter, and large and attentive audiences have been ready to listen to the missionary on his tours. This station, which has suffered much in past years because of an inadequate supply of missionaries, has been greatly strengthened and encouraged by the transfer of Mr. Cary from Okayama to Osaka. The religious life and influence of the schools is attested by the addition of fifty-one pupils to the churches on confession of their faith. The medical department is a valuable adjunct to the general work of the station and commands the respect of all classes. A part of this station has been set off to constitute the new station, T su , a city of about 16,000 inhabitants, some fifty miles to the west of Osaka. A church of sixty members has been already organized at Tsu and an interesting work begun there. This portion of the field has been visited frequently by mission­ aries from Osaka, and during the last year has been occupied by Miss Colby, till she was released from this service by the coming of Miss Gardner and Miss Richards, in anticipation of the coming of Mr. and Mrs. White from Sendai. Kyoto. — “ Again we can report progress, though the progress is not as great as in some previous years. The reasons of this are not far to seek : the unprece­ i 89o.] Japan Mission. 87

dented interest in political affairs following the promulgation of the Constitution and preceding the election of members of the first National Parliament; the sharp discussion of the question of union with the Presbyterians and its depress­ ing failure, and the death of our lamented brother Neesima are sufficient to account for this without going any farther. On the other hand must be reckoned the large Summer School for Bible study, held in our Doshisha School under the direction of L. D. Wishard, Esq., College Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. The impetus given to our work by this school will long remain with us.” A good degree of Christian life and activity is reported in the churches of this station. The pastors are able and devoted men. The missionaries resident in K y 5to, both men and women, take an active part in evangelistic work, as they have opportunity in the city and at other points. Recently there has been quite an increase of missionary spirit on the part of theological students as well as of the Christian teachers and students in the Government Higher Middle School. “ The Christian forces of the city have been increased during the past year by the coming of a Presbyterian family and one or two Japanese evangelists con­ nected with the American Episcopal Church.” The Roman Catholics are not neglectful of this old capital and have just dedicated a large church, with the attendance of the governor and other officials. The eastern section of the station, including the province of Joshu, with Annaka, the home of Dr. Neesima, and Tokyo, has been left largely to the care of Japanese pastors and to the Home Missionary Society. Miss Shed has gallantly maintained her place at Mayebashi, and Dr. Greene and family have taken up their residence in Tokyo, where a man of his large experience and wide acquaintance with all pending issues in Japan will find opportunity for his best efforts. Important changes have occurred during the year in the Doshisha, the great educational institution of the mission. The death of Dr. Neesima was deeply felt by all classes in the community, and the tributes rendered to his memory were such as became his eminent character and services.1 The Rev. H. Kozaki, well known as pastor and editor in Tokyo, was chosen principal of the collegiate department. Lieut. G. C. Foulk, late of the United States navy, and two accomplished Japanese scholars, Messrs. Shimomura and Sakuma, have been added to the corps of instructors. The erection of a Science Hall, at an expense, including equipment, of about $25,000, through the generosity of a friend in America, has added much to the general appearance of the buildings and grounds. The same generous friend has pledged $75,000 toward the endowment of a School of Science, to bear his name. A department of jurisprudence and of economics has been established by the trustees, for which funds have been raised in Japan. To this extent already is the hope of Dr. Neesima realized of the establishment of a Christian University. The Doshisha Hospital and Training School for Nurses has a report of valu­ able medical and religious work. Many interesting details are given of the awakening of the religious life among the patients, among whom nineteen are

1 For details see the Missionary Herald for March and April, 1890. 8 8 Japan Mission. [Report,

reported as having embraced the gospel. The number of students in the Doshisha the past year was as follows : preparatory students, 180; academic and collegiate, 397 ; theological, 86; total, 663; graduated from the collegiate department, 25 ; from the theological, 11. The Girls’ School at Kyoto has been well sustained and gives evidence of vigorous intellectual and spiritual life. The average number of pupils was 140. Okayama. — A part of this large district has been set off to organize the new station of Tottori. The generous gift of the Eliot Church, Newton, Mass., has made this arrangement practicable, and a new station is open with every prospect of success. Two of the churches connected with the Okayama station have supplied themselves with new and commodious church edifices, while not neglectful of other branches of Christian work. The School for Girls and an English School for Boys, well sustained, show the interest of the Japanese Chris­ tians in the education of their children, while an Orphan Asylum opens its doors to children that otherwise might be left to utter neglect. The success of this institution adds a new illustration to the power of faith. N iigata. — The past year has been one of many changes in this station. Two of the mission circle have been called to rest from their labors, and others have been withdrawn for special reasons, leaving the work begun with so much hope and promise to young missionaries, none of whom had seen two years of service or become sufficiently acquainted with the language to be able to meet the many demands from every quarter. They have done what they could. If the work committed to them has not advanced as it otherwise might have done, it has at least been maintained without loss, and the young missionaries have improved, to the best of their ability, such opportunities of direct Christian effort as were open to them. It is much that the schools for boys and girls have been so well kept up, and that so much was accomplished during the first part of the year in visiting the homes of the people and keeping up proper meetings and Bible classes. Mr. Newell has continued his work at Nagaoka, though moat of his time has necessarily been given to Niigata, after the departure of Dr. Scudder. This station is in special need of two or three missionary families in order to its proper and helpful development. The want of missionaries is perhaps more keenly felt in this station than in any other and the work is suffering for want o f them . One public movement, a purely moral one, has powerfully affected Sendai as well as other parts of our field. It is the abolition of legalized prostitution, to take effect here after three years. At the public debate in the Prefectural Assem­ bly, the Christians, and to our surprise especially the ladies, were urged to attend. After the all-day debate one of the Representatives, a Christian, said that the speakers were very perceptibly influenced towards a successful issue by the applause or dissent of the Christian women, several of whom are members of leading families. That the province of Joshu, the home of Dr. Neesima, where many of the Assembly, including the President, are Christians, and where there are about twenty centres of Christian work to arouse public opinion, should abolish this evil is not so surprising. But that Sendai, a great military centre, without 1890.] Japan Mission. 8 6 any organized movement, should almost unanimously take this step shows a wider acceptance of Christian morality than the most sanguine missionary would have claimed. And it is pleasant indeed to have the most influential papers of Japan generously give the credit of this moral victory to the zeal and courage of the Christians of Japan. This fact alone shows that there can be no mistake in asserting that Japan is ripe for the largest Christian work the churches of Christ can do here. The Sendai (Tokwa) School has suffered a temporary loss in the sending of its principal to Yale for a post-graduate course. The presence here of the Government Higher Middle School, strong in men, equipment, and resources, has proved a severe drain upon us during the past year. Having no classes as yet in the higher grades of its course, it has under­ taken work not properly belonging to it, and has in effect paralleled our course to the very bottom. It is not expected that this will prove a permanent arrange­ ment ; but so long as it lasts it interposes an effectual barrier to the growth of the Tokwa school in numbers. Bible classes have been carried on regularly at the school as well as in our homes; and although the skeptical spirit is very marked, the desire for religious knowledge is none the less so. The out-station work has made no advance save in Wakamatsu, where a long revival has resulted in reaching a large number of influential people. Fifty-one have been baptized. Kum am oto. — “ At fourteen points scattered from Fukuoka to Kagoshima the work is carried on as we have strength, men, and means. This work engrosses most of the time of two, and a part of the time of three of our number. The Word is ably preached weekly in three places in Kumamoto city, by Rev. Mr. Ebina and the assistant evangelist. Three flourishing Sabbath-schools, numbering 195 scholars, two thirds of whom are young men and women, have been opened and are in efficient operation. Six weekly Bible classes, numbering sixty persons, for army officers, city policemen, and students in the government schools and others, have been conducted throughout the year. Three weekly meetings for women, led by the lady missionaries and assistants, have been main­ tained .” Vigorous efforts in the interest of Christian education are made for both schools, and the schools established have received recognition from the gov­ ernment. The missionaries of this station are greatly indebted to the counsels and sympathy of Mr. Ebina, with whom they are glad to plan and work as fellow- laborers unto the kingdom of God. The annual meeting of the Japan Mission, held in July last, after a careful review of the situation, fell constrained to renew the request of last year for a large reinforcement of men and means to meet the demands of the great work which they feel in the providence of God has been committed to them. In asking for such further immediate reinforcement, they call attention to the following points: — “ 1. The four new men now under appointment, who are expected this fall, suffice simply to fill the vacancies of the past year. The mission has also lost the valuable aid of Dr. H. M. Scudder. “ 2. Even to provide for the work already in hand we find ourselves greatly 90 Special Work in the Hawaiian Islands. [Report, embarrassed and we are facing the serious question of retrenchment unless reinforcements arrive during next year. We greatly desire to open six new stations at once, but are compelled to abandon all thought of such advance until assured of an increase of force. Notwithstanding the reaction against foreigners throughout the country, we believe the need for missionaries is as urgent as a year ago, and we renew our appeal made at that time for fourteen (14) families and twelve (12) single ladies. We are the more confirmed in the wisdom of this appeal by the fact that Japanese pastors are calling strenuously for more evangelistic work by foreigners, in the interior.” The urgency of the work in Japan, the importance of securing men of ability and of thorough preparation for efficient service, and the evident impossibility of securing men of this character from abroad in sufficient numbers to meet the demand, are leading many to the conviction that the peculiar circumstances of this field justify the sending of young men of approved Christian character and scholarship to take post-graduate courses in this country. Such men, if truly imbued with the spirit of Christ, will be prepared for positions of influence in the pastorate and in institutions of learning and to take up efficiently the further work of evangelization in their native land. Should this plan be adopted, the proper missionary work from abroad will in a short period find its natural ter­ mination, and the energies of the Christian Church, reinforced from Japan, may be turned to the unevangelized portions of the earth.

SPECIAL WORK IN THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

HONOLULU. — C . M. H yde, D.D., M ission ary Mrs. M. K . Hyde.

W a ILUKU.— William D. Westervelt, Missionary ; Mrs. Louise C . Westervelt.

The lines of special effort in the Hawaiian Islands, sustained wholly or in part by the Board, are the same as in the past, with the addition of direct evangelistic work in behalf of the native churches, to which Mr. Westervelt is specially com­ missioned. I . THE NORTH PACIFIC MISSIONARY INSTITUTE.

The unanticipated departure of the Principal to the United States three weeks before the close of the school year, leaving much work uncompleted that had been projected and pushed with a view to completion at that time, makes it impossible to prepare a complete report of the work of the year. The bills for labor and materials connected with the new building could not be rendered while the work was not completed, and the full financial report must be deferred till another year. Much yet remains to be done, to grade and beautify the grounds, and also to rearrange and add outbuildings in the yard in the rear of the new building. The contractor finished his work, according to agreement, during the last of January. A month was needed to prepare the building for occupancy, and a month more to tear down the old buildings then vacated. Another month was devoted to grading the ground in front near the building, and putting up a new front fence with stone posts and stone curbing for the side­ walk. The total cost of the new building was $9,039.75. Large additional 1890.] Special Work in the Hawaiian Islands. 91 expenses have been incurred in laying a new system of waterpipes for house service and irrigation, with reel and hose for use in case of fire, in tearing down the old adobe buildings, in grading the grounds, and in refurnishing the rooms. Much more remains to be done. The old premises did well for the generation past; for a generation to come the present buildings will not only afford a home for the students but prove, it is hoped, no unimportant factor in elevating the tastes and so ennobling the life of the Hawaiian people generally. There is undeniably no special sanctity in personal uncleanness, though people may fancy such style of living. Much has been said and done about Christian homelife as being the one crying need of the Hawaiian people. The style and surround­ ings of the new buildings of the North Pacific Missionary Institute will be helpful in many ways in giving a distaste for low, sensual pleasures, when the whole environment is suggestive and provocative of refined tastes and joys that uplift as well as delight the soul. Other forms of faith may advocate and exemplify asceticism and squalor, based on sordid notions of human life. But the gospel of the grace of God, as it comes to us, is a gospel of beauty and delight as well as of sympathy with affliction and suffering. Thanks are due, but words are too poor to express the gratitude felt towards the generous donors whose liberality has made it so easy to carry on the enter­ prise undertaken, so onerous in itself as to have been otherwise an impossibility, taken in connection with all the other duties devolving upon the Principal. If it had been necessary to solicit donations of small amounts, while all gifts would have been welcome, only large gifts could have made the undertaking successful. It is the hearty and generous sympathy shown by all who have contributed to this work that has made it a labor of love, hopeful and exhilarating, not of weari­ ness, anxious and fearful. The record of donors is not a long one, but it is one bright with pleasant memories and hopes realized beyond all anticipation. Ten thousand dollars, as originally contemplated, will be necessary to complete the work; but surely such experiences as those vouchsafed during the past two years justify the hope that whatever money is needed will be forthcoming. If it is the Lord’s work, there is money enough in his treasury to carry it on to com­ pletion. (None of the expense involved in this building is a draft upon the treasury of the American Board.) W. W. Hall has generously contributed various articles of furniture, more than sufficient to furnish one suite of rooms. The students have shown commenda­ ble interest and effort to furnish and adorn their separate rooms. A new set of Bible wall-maps is a prominent feature of the new Recitation Hall. Other such appliances and conveniences will be added from time to time. One student only entered the ministry last year, J. Akela, who had completed a four years’ course, and is now pastor at Kipahula, Maui. Two new students, Kimo David and Joela Samoa, have entered this year, making the whole number fourteen. Six have already made application for admission next year. The general course of study has been that for the second year, and notwith­ standing the inconveniences of carrying on the recitations in a room at some dis­ tance,— the social room of Kawaiahao church, kindly granted for this use, — and in spite of the discomfort of studying while moving from one building to another. 92 Special Work in the Hawaiian Islands. [Report, good progress has been made. Spiritual life has been deepened, old superstitious notions removed, new light imparted, and desires after usefulness and holiness roused and strengthened. In this critical period, the Hawaiian churches and pastors look more and more to their Theological Seminary for influences that shall avail to stem the flood of iniquity and lawlessness that threatens to overwhelm the nation. It is heavenly influences only that can avail, and they are available only through human agency. The divine power that raised Lazarus bade his friends roll away the stone and loosen the graveclothes. The same power that brought Christian life to this Hawaiian nation, in such wondrous fashion a generation ago, stands ready to give new life, if Christian friends will but have faith in God’s infinite love, and confi­ dently, persistently obey his high behest.

II . THE MISSION TO THE CHINESE.

The following report of the work in the Chinese mission, by Superintendent Damon, speaks for itself. “ During the past year eleven persons have united with the Chinese church in Honolulu, nine by profession of faith and two by letter. Two young men have also been baptized by Mr. Westervelt, in Wailuku, of whom he writes, ‘ They appear to be living conscientious Christian lives.’ In Honolulu, Wailuku, and Kohala, twenty infants, children of Christian parents, have received the rite of baptism. Our new acting pastor, Mr. Wong, is doing faithful work in connection with our Honololu church. Our force of Chinese workers has been still further increased by the return to us from China of Mr. To Shan Yan, who promises to do excellent work. Our different Sabbath-schools and other lines of missionary effort have been continued as in other years. A new impulse has been given to our schoolwork of late, and the outlook is most encouraging for this very impor­ tant branch of our mission. “ Spacious and commodious new schoolrooms have been secured, the staff of teachers increased, and the school reorganized and graded. Over one hundred pupils, boys and girls, have been connected with these schools during the year. Others have been taught in their homes, while still others, not attending the day- schools, have been brought under the influence of our Sunday-school work. The need of pressing with energy the work among the Chinese children who are increasing around us is becoming more and more evident. A good homelike boarding school for boys would be a power for good. A noble gift has been received from a generous-hearted friend to aid in securing another foreign helper or helpers for the Chinese mission. It is most earnestly to be hoped that a young man may soon be found to enter upon the work here. In Hilo and Kohala and Wailuku our Christian helpers still continue their labors. Miss Ostrom bravely stands by her post in Kohala, with a school of thirty-six pupils. Mrs. Simpson continues her faithful labors in Kohala, with encouraging results. Rev. Mr. Westervelt has given most brotherly help in many ways since removing to Wai­ luku. Two Chinese evangelists have made a missionary tour on the island of Kauai and are now laboring among their countrymen on Oahu.” 1890.] Special Work in the Hawaiian Islands. 9 3

II I .— THE HILO BOYS’ BOARDING SCHOOL.

Principal Burt reports as follows : “ A review of last year’s work shows little to distinguish it from the year previous either in teachers, number of pupils, charac­ ter of work, or results attained. Mrs. Burt, Miss Lyman, and myself have con­ stituted the teaching force. Quite a number of the older boys failed to return at the beginning of the school year, three of them entering Kamehameha School. Their places, however, were filled with new and younger boys. The number of pupils is now thirty-two; several have fallen by the way during the year. Owing to the increased appropriation of the Mission Children’s Society ("from #250 to $500) the income of the school will be just about sufficient to meet the current expenses for the year. “ I am convinced that not only the success, but the very existence, of the school requires the active interest of all who believe that the welfare of Hawaiian youth demands its continuance. Mr. and Mrs. Terry are planning for the next year’s work. A sewing department will be reinstituted. Mr. Terry will also organize a blacksmith's department, where he will teach horseshoeing, etc. Educational, industrial, and mechanical instruction will be continued. We have tidings that there are recruits proposing to enter the new classes of 1890-91.”

IV . EVANGELISTIC WORK.

The new line of effort in behalf of the native churches has been fairly entered upon during the past year, and proves quite as open and quite as important as had been anticipated. Mr. Westervelt has of necessity devoted himself mainly to the study of the language, the people, and the field, and has already established friendly relations with the native pastors. His residence has been fixed for the present at Wailuku, formerly a missionary residence on the island of Maui, and he has met a cordial welcome from native and foreign residents alike. Speaking of the year’s work, Mr. Westervelt says : “ Services have been attended in the native churches almost every Sabbath, besides preaching a few times to English congregations and the work done for the Chinese and the Japanese. Two meetings have been given each week toward aiding the Chinese; a class of young men in the Chinese Sunday-school has been taught, and two Chinamen have been baptized. The pastor of the native church has been receiving elementary instruction in homiletics. During the year five short tours on horseback, for direct missionary work, have been made, aggregating about four hundred miles, and six round trips by steamboat. This does not include many miles traveled in driving or riding to visit native churches near at hand. “ Now these are the days of perplexed thought concerning the needs of the islands and the best way to meet the problems that must be solved. This new work must be more or less experimental. There is no one among those con­ nected with this work who has had experience in the line of things the new mis­ sionaries must take up. In spite of the perplexities, my faith holds fast to the divine assurance that, whoever plants and whoever waters, God will surely give the increase.” 94 Micronesian Mission. [Report,

MICRONESIAN MISSION.

G il b e r t Islan ds. — Hiram Bingham, residing at Honolulu, Alfred C. Walkup, touring among the islands, Irving M. Channon, residing at Kusaie, Missionaries; Mrs. Minerva C. Bingham, Mrs. Mary G. Channon, Miss Alice C. Little. Twelve churches; 5 Hawaiian missionaries; 1 native pastor; 10 native teachers and preachers.

MARSHALL I s l a n d s . — Edward M . Pease, M.D., residing at Kusaie, Missionary ; Mrs. Harriet A. Pease, Miss Sarah L. Smith, Miss Jessie R. Hoppin, Mrs. Rachel C. Forbes. Eight churches; 6 native pastors; 12 native preachers and teachers.

C A R O L IN E I s l a n d s . — 1 . Ponape District. Frank E. Rand, Missionary; Mrs. Carrie T . Rand, Miss J. Estella Fletcher, Miss Annette A. Palmer, Miss Ida Foss. Eighteen churches; 5 native pastors; 14 other preachers and teachers. 2. Ruk and Mortlock Districts. — Alfred J. Snelling, Missionary; Mrs. Mary E. Logan, Mrs. Elizabeth M. Snelling, Miss Rose M. Kinney; Henry F. Worth, Missionary Helper. Thirteen churches; 3 native pastors; ¡28 native preachers and teachers. Three stations; 51 out-stations; 6 American missionaries; 14 American assistant missionaries; 5 Hawaiian missionaries; 15 native pastors; 64 native preachers and teachers; 49 churches: 4,117 members; 202 received on confession this year; 3 training schools: 74 pupils; 3 girls' boarding schools: 72 pupils; 48 common schools: 2,523 pupils; native contributions, $2,000.

THE MISSIONARY SHIPS.

T h e Morning Star began her annual voyage from Honolulu August 5, 1889, and returned to the same port April 27, 1890, making a total absence of nine months and twenty-two days. During this period, however, in consequence of the serious illness of Miss Dr. Ingersoll and Miss Crosby, it was found necessary for the S ta r to interrupt her usual work in order to bring these ladies to Hono­ lulu, a duty which occupied about three months. Thus the service of the Star, in visiting the several groups of islands and securing the presence and supervision of the missionaries in the native churches and schools of the mission, was most seriously abridged, and in the case of the Marshall Islands no visit was attempted by the missionary in charge. The S ta r has shown good sailing qualities, and no serious accident has marked any part of her course during the year. Captain Garland deserves much credit for the success with which his command of the S ta r has been attended; and the testimony of the missionaries is very hearty in commendation of his spirit and general influence on shipboard and in his intercourse with the people of the islands visited by the Star. As the field of the mission has extended and the volume of its work has increased, a growing difficulty has been experienced in securing from the S ta r the desired service in every part of the field. For some years a portion of the touring among the islands, one of the most indispensable parts of all our mis­ sionary labor in this field, has been either neglected altogether or so hurried through as to yield no satisfactory results; and as a consequence there is a perceptible retrogression in the state of affairs in the Gilbert Islands and among the Mortlocks. Two years since, upon the representations of Mr. and Mrs. Logan, it was resolved to supplement the service of the S ta r in the Central Carolines by building and equipping a small schooner for the sole use of the mission at Ruk and among the Mortlocks. The lamented death of Mr. Logan and the unsettled state of the station led to a delay in carrying out this plan. 1890.] Micronesian Mission. 9 5

But with the return of Mrs. Logan to Ruk and the happy development of the work there, the need of such a vessel has become more urgent than ever. Accordingly a schooner of fifty tons has been built at San Francisco, specially adapted to the needs of the station, but at the same time capable of making the voyage from Ruk to Ponape and Kusaie, when needful, or of coming directly to Honolulu in an emergency. This schooner has appropriately received the name Robei't W. Logan, and has been placed in command of Mr. Henry F- Worth, a seaman of approved experience, and for several years a valued missionary helper at Ruk. With the aid of this schooner the Mortlocks can be leisurely visited three or four times a year, and the native preachers and teachers kept in close relations to the missionaries, and all the work receive much-needed oversight, stimulus, and care. It is expected also that the S ta r will thus be relieved of all service west of Ponape, save in delivering passengers, supplies, and mails, on her outward voyage, and in receiving passengers, mails, and orders, on her homeward voyage. Much valued aid in building and equipping this schooner has been received from friends on the Pacific coast, especially in the careful designs for the schooner gratuitously furnished by Mr. W. F. Herrick, of Oakland. By the generous gifts of certain friends of this mission a steam-launch has been provided for the service of touring at Ponape. The launch is intended only for the quiet and safe water inside the reef which surrounds the island, and will enable the missionary in charge to visit the numerous churches and schools frequently, and with a great saving of time and strength.

THE FORCE.

The year has witnessed a serious depletion of the foreign force in this mission. Early in the year, before any missionary service could be attempted, Mr. Forbes was stricken down with dysentery and removed by death. He had just arrived with his young wife, and both were looking forward to a long and happy service at Ponape. When the S ta r returned to Honolulu in April last she brought the veteran of the mission, Mr. Doane, a worn and broken man, with only strength enough to receive the affectionate greeting of friends in the islands, to linger a few days among them to assure them how joyful his long service of thirty-six years had been and how unshaken was his trust in his Saviour, and on May 15 to fall asleep in Jesus. Miss Dr. Ingersoll and Miss Crosby came to Honolulu by special voyage of the S tar, in November last, and expect to retire from the service. Mr. Walkup, who came home to visit his children and to consult about his work, has returned to spend another year in touring through the islands of the Gilbert group and setting things in order. For the Training School for the Gilbert Islands Mr. and Mrs. Channon have gone out to Kusaie. Miss Hoppin accompanies them to share in the instruction and care of the Girls’ School at Kusaie. Mr. and Mrs. Rand and Miss Fletcher have returned to Ponape, greatly refreshed by their rest, accompanied by Miss Foss, who will render effective aid in the schools and in the work in behalf of women. Miss Kinney goes to Ruk to share with Mrs. Logan the management of the interesting Girls’ School already gathered there. A new building, for the uses of this school, has been provided by the Woman’s Board of Chicago, which will also furnish a suitable home for the teachers. 9 6 Micronesian Mission. [Report,

Grateful as we are for these valuable reinforcements, they do not fully suffice. An additional family is urgently needed both at Ponape and at Ruk. It is a matter of special rejoicing and a notable proof of the divine care which is exercised over all this work that Mr. Bingham, in April last, brought to a happy completion his great and lifelong task of translating the entire Bible into the Gilbert Islands language. A greater gift to any people it would be hard to name. Retired from active service in Micronesia many years since by reason of broken health, Mr. Bingham, residing at Honolulu, has devoted the remnant of his strength with a sacred economy and stedfast enthusiasm to this great work; and upon its completion, like the aged Simeon whose failing eyes had at last rested on the child Jesus, he is ready to exclaim : “ Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word ; for mine eyes have seen thy salvation.”

THE STATIONS.

Missionary residences are confined to three of the higher and larger islands in the Caroline group; Kusaie, Ponape, and Uola, in the Ruk Lagoon. The work done at Kusaie has reference almost exclusively to the Gilbert and the Marshall Islands, and includes a distinct Training School, a High School and Theological Seminary combined in one, for each of the aforenamed groups, and a single Girls’ Boarding School for pupils gathered in about equal numbers from the same groups. The missionaries on Ponape have in charge the school and church work on this the largest and most populous of all the islands included in the mission, and on several small islands which lie adjacent. A Training School for teachers and preachers, and a Girls’ Boarding School are under the immediate care and instruction of the missionaries in charge. The work in the Ruk lagoon has reference to the numerous and populous islands in the lagoon, with a population of above fifteen thousand souls, and also to the Mortlocks. Here also a Training School and a Boarding School for Girls are in successful operation, in addition to the evangelistic and literary labors that necessarily fall to the lot of missionaries among such a people. K u sa ie.— The Training School for the Gilbert Islands has remained closed throughout the past year for want of a missionary family to direct it. With the coming of Mr. and Mrs. Channon this important agency will once more be resumed, and the great need for able pastors and teachers will begin to be supplied. Mr. Walkup spent about five months on the islands, the larger part of the time on Tapiteuea, with good results. He was unable to go from island to island as was hoped, and the results of his labors were comparatively smalL He went through the group hastily with the S ta r and gained a fairly good knowledge of the existing state of things. Unfortunately, the measles had appeared among the crew of the S ta r before the tour began, and in order to avoid spreading this disease the visitation was carried on under unusual and very trying restrictions. On nearly all the islands visited Mr. Walkup reports the reli­ gious life low, the churches weak, and the schools thinly attended. The improve­ ment in all these respects which attended Mr. Walkup’s residence and personal influence on Tapiteuea is a cheering exception, and powerfully emphasizes the i 89o.J Micronesian Mission. 97

importance of this work to which he is giving himself with so much self-denial and Christian zeal. There is probably no single influence so strong and so deeply felt among the simple peoples of these islands as that which comes from their frequent contact with the stronger character and larger personal power of the Christian missionary. Mr. Walkup greatly needs an efficient means of going’ from island to island at pleasure, so as to distribute this wholesome influence throughout all the islands, and so as to reap the rich spiritual harvests which these populous islands present. With the whole Bible now translated into the language of this people, and Mr. Walkup, who is so familiar with the people, with the preachers and teachers who were his own pupils, at liberty and ready to devote all his time to special evangelistic labor among them, we have an opportunity which ought to be seized and improved with the utmost energy. Mr. Walkup has submitted plans for a vessel which would admirably serve this purpose, and it would seem a plain call of duty that the means of transportation necessary for this work should be provided at once. It is scarcely to be doubted that the Sabbath-schools, if duly informed and appealed to, would gladly and quickly provide for this urgent need. The Training School for the Marshall Islands has been well sustained under Dr. Pease’s able administration, and reports a year of successful work. The ill- health of the young ladies of the station during a part of the year, the special cares coming upon him in consequence of the sickness and death of Mr. Forbes, and the necessitated withdrawal of Miss Crosby early in the year, have thrown' special burdens upon Dr. and Mrs. Pease, and made the year peculiarly laborious and fatiguing. But for the strength and stedfastness of these veteran laborers the affairs of the station must have been thrown into serious confusion. Hap­ pily it has seemed best to Mrs. Forbes to remain at Kusaie for the present, and to work in Miss Crosby’s place to the extent of her ability. The unexpected demands on the time at the Star's command this year left no opportunity for the customary tour of the missionary in charge through the Marshall Islands. The S ta r was able simply to call in rapid succession at the islands occupied by our work, to distribute mails and supplies, and to gather such information as was accessible. This failure in the needed service of the Star, the very service for which she was built, is doubly to be deplored. Under ordinary circumstances a yearly visit by the missionary to these native churches and schools, with time enough at command to confer fully with teachers and preachers, to give needed counsel and instruction, to settle dissensions, to inspire with new life and hope, is absolutely essential to the prosperity and success of the missionary work. This visit would yield more than twofold results if it could be made twice every year. At this time there are special reasons why such a visitation was needed. The German occupation is not proving altogether friendly to Christian work ; restrictions are placed on the native churches, and vexatious interference with ecclesiastical affairs is attempted ; and the native pastors and leaders have special need of counsel from their missionary. In addition to this new fields are opening, new islands are calling for teachers, and these inspiring openings need to be entered and promptly improved. Probably never in the history of our work in Micronesia was the state of things in the 9 8 Micronesian Mission. [Report,

Marshall group more satisfactory, or the prospects of enlargement so happy. At such a time it was peculiarly unfortunate that even the customary visit from the missionary in charge should be omitted. Such information as has come from these islands indicates a good degree of fidelity on the part of the native Chris­ tians and their leaders, along with no little anxiety as to the purposes of the German authorities and the nature of the influence they are exerting. The Girls’ School at Kusaie, which is equally for girls from both these groups, has had a prosperous year in spite of interruptions from the illness or absence of its teachers. Miss Smith was absent three months, going to Honolulu to assist Miss Crosby on her homeward journey; and during this time Miss Little bore the responsibility alone and with good success. Miss Smith, in reporting the year, notes a steady growth in character, in mental power, in self-control, in Christian virtues, on the part of the pupils, most markedly in the case of those who have been longest in the school, but noticeable and encouraging in all. Good reports come back from some who have already married and gone to homes of their own, from which to shed abroad the wholesome influences gath­ ered under the Christian discipline of this school. It is clear that this school is an invaluable auxiliary of the work of building Christ’s kingdom in these islands, that it was opened not a day too soon, and that it cannot be too carefully guarded or too efficiently reinforced. The hope of the future in all this field is to no small degree in this Christian School for Girls. Poniipe. — This station has been in charge of Mr. Doane, with Miss Palmer in the Girls’ School. Dr. Ingersoll was unable to render much service, through failing health, and early in the year she came up to Honolulu, and has permanently withdrawn from the mission. The burden of labor and of care upon Mr. Doane was very heavy, and, while he was always full of hope and good cheer, the strain was too great. He persisted to the last in keeping up his wonted labors among the churches on Ponape, and never made report of his work without mention of the hopeful aspects, and never failed to ask for our prayers. When the S ta r was on its homeward voyage his health had so plainly failed that he consented to come to Honolulu, thinking of it as a temporary rest. But the voyage wearied him, and disease was firmly fastened upon him, and in spite of a temporary rally at the sight of familiar faces and the surround­ ings of a Christian home, he steadily sank, until on May 15 he entered into the everlasting rest. Age, long service, his lonely life, the events of the Spanish occupation, and his arrest all told upon him ; but his trust in God never failed, his Christian hope was never dim, and his name and deeds will live long in the memory of all who knew him, and especially of the people he loved and served so long. The Spanish influence on Ponape is unfavorable to the order or good morals of the people, and must be accounted an additional obstacle to Christian work. The churches, however, seem to have rallied from the first shock and demoraliza­ tion which attended the coming of the Spaniards, and are creditably maintaining their fidelity and zeal. Some happy instances of revival influences and increas­ ing numbers and deepening religious life belong to the year’s record. As yet it is plain that the natives deem the missionaries their best friends, and are inclined 1890.] Western Mexico Mission. 9 9 to hold to their teaching and influence. Officially the Spanish authorities have proved themselves friendly since their first great injustice in putting Mr. Doane tinder arrest. The Girls’ School has been in full numbers and has had nearly the usual prosperity. Miss Palmer has labored with great fidelity and success, under very •difficult conditions. The return of Miss Fletcher will be a welcome relief; and we may anticipate another year of happy, successful work. R u k .— Everything connected with this station has changed for the better during the year, although occasions for anxiety are still not wanting. Mrs. Logan has gathered the Girls’ School and given it a new impulse; and her return has been the occasion of a better spirit among all laborers, both foreign and native. With Miss Kinney’s assistance, and the new building, this Girls’ School is sure to take on larger proportions and to yield better results. Mr. Snelling is steadily gaining in command of the language, in influence over the natives, in successful work in the Training School, and in overseeing the field. Mrs. Snelling’s presence and aid have proved a great comfort and reinforcement. The field in the Ruk Lagoon is one of the most difficult to deal with in the whole mission, but at the same time it is one of the most important and promis­ ing for the future. If the work can be wisely pressed for the next ten years, great and valuable results may be expected. The work in the Mortlocks has suffered for four years on account of inade­ quate supervision; and the results are now apparent in the lowered character of the preachers and teachers, the feeble life of the churches, the want of disci­ pline, and of numbers in the schools. With the Robert W. Logan at command for frequent visits by the missionaries, and with the raising up of worthier preachers in the schools at Ruk, the prospect is cheering that a new and brighter day will soon dawn upon these islands. Upon the whole the survey of this field yields much to encourage hope and ■stimulate renewed exertion. The difficulties are such as can be overcome, and are largely traceable to transient causes. With God’s blessing on the laborers, the old and the new, and with a proper use of our opportunities, we may reason­ ably look for a nobler harvest throughout these islands, to the joy of all our hearts and to the praise of God.

WESTERN MEXICO MISSION.

G u a d a l a j a r a . — John Howland, Missionary; Mrs. Sarah D. Howland, Miss Belle M. Haskins. ;5 out-stations.

L A B a r c a . — H enry M . Bissell, Missionary; Mrs. Ella N. Bissell (now in the United States for a short furlough). Two churches : 68 members; 8 native agents.

There has been no change in the working force in this field during the past year, and little change in the methods pursued. In the city of Guadalajara the ■congregation has grown but little. A number of its members have been sent out to work in the villages. Nearly all seem faithful and are interested in bringing IOO Northern Mexico Mission. [Report,.

others to listen to the gospel. Of those who thus come, some continue with more or less regularity; others come for a little season, and when exposed to' persecution fall away. An encouraging feature is the growing interest in con­ tributing to charitable objects, and also taking a part in meeting current ex­ penses. Six new members have been added to the church during the year. At several points near by preaching has been kept up with some degree of inter­ est.. The progress that is making is slow, but is believed to be on good and solid foundations. In Tlajamulco the work is in charge of a faithful native preacher, who has been quite successful in his labors. A dozen new members have been received on confession of faith, and there are a number of others waiting to be received.. A day-school opened in this place is proving quite a success. A church edifice has now been dedicated, and more interest than ever before has been exhibited by those outside of the evangelical community. Interest is shown also at some villages near by. At La Barca, to which place Mr. Bissell removed in June, 1885, there is but little as yet to encourage effort; but it is hoped that by persistent labor and the illustration of the true spirit of the gospel an opening will yet be found for Christian work. Opposition to the gospel on the part of the adherents of the old Church is not the most discouraging feature in establishing a new sta­ tion. It is better that men believe something and have the courage of their convictions than that they be indifferent or skeptical. Such persons once won to the truth become faithful helpers to the missionary. Miss Haskins’s school at Guadalajara is steadily gaining in interest and influence. She has about thirty pupils, of whom seven are boarders. An additional Ameri­ can teacher is needed in order to the best development of this school. Mr. Howland has a class of ten or twelve young men whom he is teaching and pre­ paring to become helpers and preachers. He has met with disappointments in some of whom he had hoped better things, but finds encouragement in the dili­ gence and fidelity of others. Aside from the Training School maintained by Mr. Howland, there is call for a boys’ school as a means of preparing the youth for special religious training and instruction. The brethren of this mission who were in attendance at the Conference returned to their field encouraged to more ear­ nest effort, and with a fuller appreciation of the wide and promising work that is opening before them, more slowly than in some fields, yet opening with promise of results in due time.

NORTHERN MEXICO MISSION.

CHIHUAHUA.— J. D . Eaton, Missionary, Mrs. Gertrude C . Eaton, Miss Mary Dunning. Three out-stations.

P a r r a l . — Alfred B. Case, Missionary; Mrs. Myra G . Case, Miss Ellen O . Prescott. Three out-stations.

H e r m o s i l l o {Sonora). — Matthew A. Crawford, Missionary; Mrs. Harriet J . Crawford. One out-station. COSIHUIRIACHIC. — One out-station.

C IU D A D J u a r e z . — Alfred C. Wright, Otis C. Olds, Missionaries ; Mrs. Annie C. Wright. Four stations: 8 out-stations; 5 missionaries; 6 female missionaries; 8 churches: 255 church- members; received on confession of faith the past year, 74; 6 schools: 176 pupils. Contributions for Christian objects, #843.05. *890.] Northern Mexico Mission. 101

The following report is largely from the pen of Rev. Mr. Case. The force in this field remains the same as last year, with the exception that Miss Mary Dunning is in charge of the day-school in Chihuahua, in place of Miss Keyes, who returned to the United States in May, 1889. The encouraging progress of former years has continued. One new church has been organized; seventy-four new members have been received on confes­ sion of faith. The payments by the people towards self-support and benevolent •objects amount to $843.05. The sales, through the mission agency, of religious and educational books, and subscriptions to religious periodicals, were something more than $1,400. Besides this the sales of Scriptures were to the amount o f $275. The most important event of the year, in connection with this mission, was the establishment of the Theological Training School at Ciudad Juarez. This town, formerly known as Paso del Norte, is just across the Rio Grande from El Paso, in Texas. This site was chosen with a view to establishing a training school that should be of equal service to the New West Education Commission, the American Home Missionary Society, and the American Board. The three societies are alike in need of a training school that shall prepare Mexican youth for Christian work. Thus far the New West Education Commission only has taken formal part with the American Board in establishing this school, though it is expected that the American Home Missionary Society will join in the enter­ prise, at least so far as to send students there for their education. Rev. A. C. Wright has been transferred from Cosihuiriachic to take charge of this new work. Rev. Otis C. Olds, a recent graduate from Chicago Theo­ logical Seminary, has been appointed missionary to this station, and it is expected that he will go to Cosihuiriachic after spending some months with his brother-in-law, Mr. Wright, in the study of the Spanish language. C hihuahua. — The attendance upon religious services is about what it was one year ago. Owing to numerous dismissals by letter and the removal by death of five members, the church-membership has not increased, yet the work in general has made steady advance. A Society of Christian Endeavor of twenty-six mem­ bers has been formed, being the fir s t organization of the kind in Mexico. Eleven converts have been received to church fellowship in Cosihuiriachic. The people at this station are in general less fanatical than at any other point occupied by the mission, but the interest of many seems to go no farther than friendliness toward the missionary. A t H erm osillo was dedicated, on March 9, a fine new chapel, costing, with lot, $3,961.94. The larger part of this sum was raised by Mr. Crawford in the United States, from his relatives and personal friends, sometimes at no little self-denial and sacrifice. The dedication services were of remarkable interest, being attended by ministerial brethren from New Mexico as well as by Messrs. Eaton and Case from the State of Chihuahua. This chapel is the first Congre­ gational church building ever erected in this republic. The church in P a r r a l has received seventeen new members, all on confession of faith. The congregation has increased but slightly in size, owing to the removal of a number of families to the neighboring pueblos in search of better 102 Northern Mexico Mission. [Report, means of subsistence. These families, grouped in two different places, have established and maintain regular services, both on the Sabbath and on mid-week day.

OUT-STATIONS.

Ciudad Juarez has been occupied by our native preacher, Francisco Padierna, who has been hindered in his labors by prolonged sickness in his family, culmi­ nating in the death of his wife in October. Denominational interference from the other side of the river (El Paso) has also hindered his efforts. Five mem­ bers, however, were received on confession of faith. E l V%lle. — On account of the exceedingly fanatical character of the place but little advance has been made here. However, several families have become interested, and there is no doubt that El Valle will respond to more constant evangelistic efforts than the missionary has as yet been able to make. Jimenez has been visited regularly; the circulation of E l Faro, a strong Protestant paper published by the Presbyterian Board, has been increased, and the death (in December) of the priest, who had great influence over the people, has removed one great obstacle to evangelistic effort. A t Las Cuevas the work of the Spirit has been most manifest. Although the brethren of the church have conducted the meetings with but little assistance from the missionary, the congregation has steadily increased in size until it is now larger than the one in Parral. Our Christians there are very active in the work of evangelizing their neighbors. Nine new members have been received and as many more are now awaiting reception. A t San Buenaventura was organized a little church last October, having now ten members. It is more than holding its own, in the face of powerful oppo­ sition. The deacon, Sr. Teofilo Romero, intends to build a chapel at his own charges, on a lot of ground which he has already purchased. San Isidro has been visited by the missionary once a month. Six new mem­ bers have been added to the church. The people have, by themselves, nearly supported the native- teacher of the mission day-school, which is in a flourishing condition. A t Villa Lopez (Atoloniico) the advance though slow has been steady and marked by great faithfulness on the part of the native helper and his wife ; the latter has been persuaded by their parents to receive one child after another into a little school, until she has seventeen pupils, whom she has taught without any expense to the mission for rent or furniture. T h e Zaragoza church has received no new members, but the congregation has steadily grown, and a number of candidates have recently been proposed for admission. The public sentiment has changed considerably in regard to the Protestant movement, and is now far more favorable than formerly.

EDUCATION.

It is yet too early to report in regard to the new Training School at Juarez. Mr. Wright is on the ground to receive students. A lady teacher for the element­ ary department is expected to be ready for work. The school will be formally opened in the autumn, when it is expected that from ten to fifteen young men I890.J Mission to Spain. 103 will be ready to begin their studies. Practical work will be maintained in neigh­ boring towns and villages as a part of the course. A special and continuous effort will now be made to enlist young men of the proper spirit to give them­ selves to this work. The Girls’ Boarding School at Chihuahua is steadily making progress. Mrs. Eaton has had it in charge for more than a year ; and wishes to be relieved of the care so as to be able to do other general missionary work, which, with the present missionary force, she alone can do. Owing to the existence of four distinct grades in the day-school and the necessity of teaching English, Miss Dunning needs help beyond what is afforded by the two Mexican girl assistants, and it is growing more and more apparent that a new lady teacher (a normal school graduate, if possible) is needed. Pa rra l. — Miss Prescott, in addition to the ten months of faithful work in the day-school, has employed her vacation in gathering and teaching a two months’ school at Las Cuevas. She has also given normal training to our native teacher at Zaragoza. In general. — There are now six day-schools, and the total number under instruction is 176. Native Helpers. — The number remains the same as last year. The brethren, however, of the various churches are becoming more and more useful in the way of conducting meetings, distributing tracts, etc.

SOME PRESSING NEEDS.

1. A lady teacher for Hermosillo. 2. A lady teacher for Chihuahua. 3. More commodious places of worship for both Chihuahua and Parral, but especially in Chihuahua, the capital of the State and the centre of influence. The results of labor in this mission are much above the average, considering the efforts made and the expense incurred.

MISSION TO SPAIN.

SAN SEBASTIAN. — William H. Gulick, Missionary; Miss Catherine H. Barbour. One Spanish pastor; I church: 51 communicants; 8 teachers; 41 scholars in the boarding school; and in 1 common school, 100 pupils. Seventeen out-stations. In this country. — Mrs. Alice Gordon Gulick. Summary. — One station ; 17 out-stations; x missionary; 2 female assistant missionaries; 5 pastors ; 18 churches: 349 communicants; added on confession during the year, 55; 1 boarding school for girls : 41 pupils; 13 common schools : pupils. 604; 16 teachers; 2 evangelist teachers; 10 colporters. Contributions and school fees, $3,471.

As a very full and minute report of this mission was rendered last year, it seems unnecessary to repeat details which remain substantially the same. All parts of the work have been carried on as in former years. The number of churches reported the present year, however, is eighteen instead of ten according to last year’s report. At several of the out-stations the believers, though few in number, have been organized into churches as a means of Christian fellowship 1 0 4 Mission to Spain. [Report,

and mutual support. The number of pastors is less than last year, and most of the pastors have charge of several churches. The number of additions reported the past year is quite favorable, considering the small missionary force in the field. Fifty-five additions are reported to the different churches. Of these, eighteen were added to the church at Roa, and twelve to the church at Zara­ goza. Special interest has centred, as in former years, in the Girls’ School at San Sebastian. Though the number of pupils is but little in advance of the past year, for want of suitable accommodations, the school has steadily gained in popularity and become an object of interest to the better classes of the people- It has thus realized largely its original intent in opening the way for the gospel to the middle and higher classes of the people. It will be long, however, before the strong prejudice against Protestantism or anything that savors of the name can be removed, but no better means of accomplishing this object is afforded than the thorough Christian training of young women. The school has been maintained at a very heavy expense, in consequence of the high prices at San Sebastian for rent of all kinds. It is hoped that within a year or two at the farthest a suitable building may be erected, adapted to the wants of such an institution, and thus give assurance to the public of its permanency. At present the school is held in a house arranged in flats for the use of families, and great inconvenience is necessarily found in attempting to carry on a school. In the absence of Mrs. Gulick this institution is greatly favored by the presence and aid of Mrs. Anna F. Webb, of Oxford, Penn. The common schools have a larger attendance than ever before, and are evi­ dently very satisfactory to the people. Contributions for educational purposes amounted the last year to $2,686, the larger part of which was spent for board and tuition. In the Girls’ School at San Sebastian an interest in foreign missions, quite exceptional in such a mission field, was shown by the contribution of $200 for this object. The statistics of this mission report but little, as yet, given by people for the support of preaching. The amount given for educational objects is quite creditable, taken by itself, and special attention seems to have been directed to this object as one which appeals at once to the personal interest of parents. The most strenuous efforts have been made to secure regular contribu­ tions, however small, from all who enjoy the benefit of religious services. But the pastors and preachers have felt very great reluctance to ask anything toward their own support. A singular prejudice prevails on this subject, and has hitherto prevented any proper effort on the part of the people. It is to be borne in mind, however, that the people hitherto reached, with the exception of the families interested in the Girls’ School at San Sebastian, are of the very poorest, and the preachers and pastors evidently feel unwilling to ask them in their poverty and wretchedness to do anything toward supplying their personal needs. It is much more agreeable to them to receive their salaries from the Board, and feel that they are preaching a free gospel. It should, however, be said, in justice to these humble communities, that it is usual to make a weekly offering as a part of the public worship. It is evident that if the work is to be forwarded in Spain it must be with the 1890.] Mission to Spain. 105

cooperation of the pastors as well as the communities whom they are serving. The gospel is worth paying for, and if a people do not value it sufficiently to make some effort, even in their poverty, toward the support of their own religious institutions, they deprive themselves of a means of grace and discourage those from abroad who would gladly serve them. In a careful review of the progress of missionary effort in Spain, during the last few years, Mr. Gulick writes : — “ The number of congregations in Spain is now larger than ever before, and though there are no congregations as large as several that were found fifteen years ago in Madrid and in Seville, and in some other places, the sum total of persons in regular attendance and the total of active membership are as large, if not larger, than ever before. The loss in the size of individual congregations is more than equaled by the increased number of congregations and of preaching stations, bringing a larger number than ever before within the sound of gospel preaching week after week throughout the year. “ The tourist who should look in upon a half a dozen of the chapels in the larger cities, and should count from thirty to a hundred persons in attendance at each of the places, would be wide of the mark if he should judge that he had seen the better part of the Protestant community in Spain. He should be told that perhaps to-day the chief strength of Protestantism is not found in the organ­ ized churches with their pastors and schools in the large cities, but in the many groups of Christians, some with pastors and some without pastors, that are scat­ tered far and wide throughout the country. It is in these places that the individ­ ual life of the Protestant Christian becomes the object of special notice, and where the teachings of the gospel and its results are brought into open and un­ avoidable contrast with the teachings and fruits of Roman Catholicism. It is in these little communities where the priest, from under whose tutelage the Protest­ ants have broken away, has special opportunity to watch them day by day, and to bring to bear upon them numberless influences for the purpose of either win­ ning them back to the fold that they have left, or of driving them away from the place where their presence is a rebuke. “ And it is under these circumstances, more frequently perhaps than under any others, that the distinctive excellence of the gospel teaching is seen and felt in the surrounding community. When a man in a country village, who has been wasteful and quarrelsome and profane and a gambler, begins to frequent the chapel, leaves his former associates, is seen coming and going with the Protest­ ants, gives up his worldly and vicious ways, ‘ joins the church ’ in public confes­ sion of hife faith, bringing with him his wife and family, and becomes an active member in all its good works — such a case tells as it could not in the city. And especially does it tell when for weeks and months the man becomes the mark for the priest who, failing to recover him to his flock by entreaties and blandishments, resorts to persecution, such as only a village priest can devise to harass and injure an oldtime parishioner. These cases — men and women— are the salt of the church, and accredit Protestantism throughout the districts where they are known. It is in these country places almost exclusively that the conflicts between the authorities and the Protestants arise, that, being appealed to the public through io 6 Mission to Austria. [Report,

the press, or to the higher authorities at Madrid, keep the question of ‘religious toleration’ before the eyes of the government and the people, not permitting them to forget for any length of time that they are pledged by the Constitution of the land to protect the Protestants in the unmolested exercise of their religious faith and rites. Indeed, were it not for just these poor and ignorant and scat­ tered and weak provincial Protestants, which it is the fashion both of enemies and friends to speak of as almost unworthy of notice for their fewness and their feebleness— if it were not for these, the public at large and the government would have but little reason to remember from year to year— for decades running — that there is such a thing in Spanish affairs as the ‘ religious question,’ the life of the city congregations is ordinarily so quiet and undisturbed. “ As to some of these congregations, as already remarked, it is noted that they are no larger than they were years ago — or perhaps they may in some cases even be smaller. In the churches in the north of Spain this is largely explained by the continual emigration. During the last five years the church in Santander has from this cause changed its numbers at least once ; the church in Bilbao has sent out to various South American states during ten years some twenty persons three times repeated; the church of Logroño a year and a half ago bade fare­ well to eleven of its members who sailed from the port of Pasages in one steamer for the Brazils; last year the church of Pradejón lost seventeen members by emigration to the Argentine Republic in the space of two months, and during the last three years the church in Zaragoza has lost in this way nearly forty members. The fact, therefore, that these congregations do not essentially diminish in numbers from year to year is a proof that they are steadily receiv­ ing accessions. “ The presence in the land of these Protestants — of the city and of the coun­ try — few and simple and poor as they may be ; the persistent life and growth of their churches and schools; their dignified and reasonable demand for recogni­ tion and protection under the government that they loyally help to support, and the example of truly Christian conduct that cannot be gainsaid by their Roman Catholic neighbors, have wrought a radical change in public sentiment towards Protestantism. The Protestant community is now a recognized element in the body politic, the rights of which cannot be evaded by the rulers, and which generally receives from the authorities such protection as is needed.”

MISSION TO AUSTRIA.

ANNUAL REPORT, JUNE 30. 1889, TO JUNE 1, 1890.

PR A G U E. — Albert W . Clark, Missionary ; Mrs. Ruth Pirie Clark. One station; 31 out-stations, including Prague Suburbs; 1 missionary; 1 assistant missionary; 5 churches (Free Reformed) : 365 members; added during the 11 months, 92; 3 ordained preachers; 5 evangelists; 3 colporters, sustained by American Bible Society; Rescue and Reform Home for the Fallen; average congregations, Prague and.suburbs, 250; in other places, 800; total, 1,050; total gain in actual members during the year, 92. Contributions, #800. Literature circulated: Bibles, 4,732; New Testaments, 38,230; Gospels, 31,953; other books, 34,641; tracts, papers, hymns, etc., 713,498. 1890.] Mission to Austria. 107

The period under review has been one of great activity in all departments of Christian effort. In no other year have so many, formerly Romanists, been received to the churches, or so large a circulation of religious literature secured. The work has been carried on in the face of the same bitterness and opposition, on the part of Ultramontanes, as in former years. At all points meetings have been limited to invited guests. No public religious services are allowed. In some communities the authorities are so friendly that nearly all the liberty needed for meetings has been enjoyed. In other communities there has been greater restriction. As one of the signs of the times, as indicative of a changed sentiment on the part of the community generally, may be mentioned the religious protest, called forth from the liberals in the national legislature and from the liberal press, against the refusal of a committee to place in the new museum at Prague a tablet to the memory of Huss. The protest was effectual, and the tablet to Huss was given, in connection with other sons of Bohemia, a place in the new museum. Besides this deserved honor his friends raised nearly $20,000 for a suitable monument to him in the city of Prague. The mission turned to good account this awakened interest in the great reformer and improved the opportunity to call attention to the Book that gave this eminent reformer life and comfort and power. During the weeks of excitement connected with this movement not less than 1,800 New Testaments were sold and scattered among the people. As the first of June, 1890, completed the first decade of the mission church organized June 4, 1880, with twenty-six members, in the home of the missionary, it was deemed wise to celebrate this event with appropriate services. Chapels were duly decorated in Prague and Weinberg, and members from mission churches from all parts of Bohemia were present. Addresses, singing, a history of the mission, sermon, and other exercises rendered the festival one of great enjoyment and added not a little to the courage and hope of this little company of believers set in the midst of great darkness. In a brief review of the work of this mission during the ten years since the first church was organized, Mr. Clark says : — “ Rev. E. A. Adams, now in charge of Bohemian work in Chicago, was with us then in the field, and Rev. Henry A. Schauffler, superintendent of Slavic work in America, was laboring in Briinn, Moravia. The first contribution of this mission to work in America was these two able men, so indispensable in their respective fields of labor. Mr. Schauffler returned to America in 1881, and Mr. Adams in 1882. In the last five years God has permitted this mission to con­ tribute six men as preachers to the Bohemian population in America. During the same time the work here has furnished four women for mission service among their sisters in America. “ The mission to Austria, in the face of unceasing opposition, and with the necessity of training up its native force of helpers, has enjoyed God’s special protection and blessing. To-day the American Board has in Bohemia five churches, twenty-seven out-stations, and, including the children, nearly 400 members. “ During this decade important books and tracts have -been published. Our io 8 Mission to Austria. [Report, 1890.

undenominational monthly paper, now seven years old, has over 2,000 subscrib­ ers. In the circulation of Christian literature, largely by sale, the following is the cheering total for the ten years: Bibles, 4,732; New Testaments, 38,230; gospel portions, 31,953; other books, 34,641 ; tracts, hymns, and papers, 713,- 498. It must be borne in mind that a colporter here is not allowed to sell; he may simply take orders for the bookstore. “ A Rescue and Reform Home for the fallen has been established. A Young Men’s Christian Association has secured legal recognition, and, although greatly needing a house of its own, is doing excellent work. The society has seventy members, and has the legal right to establish branches in any place in Bohemia where we have ten members.” Not the least item in the exercises at the commemorative service on June 4, to which reference has been made, was the adoption of a letter to the Pruden­ tial Committee of the Board signed by sixteen representatives of the churches convened in this assembly. The letter was as follows : —

To the honored Committee of the American Missionary Society for Foreign Missions in Boston : —

D e a r F a t h e r s a n d B r e t h r e n , — Considering to-day the divine blessings which God has granted to our church in these ten years, 1880-90, we are filled with gratitude also to you. God certainly called you to send heralds of the gospel to our Bohemian fatherland, and with thanksgiving to God we acknowl­ edge that your work in the Lord has not been in vain. May the Lord Jesus, who through you has sought lost sheep in our nation, be praised and glorified ! In the name of oyr five churches we extend to you our deepest gratitude and love. The Lord bless you. We entreat you to love our nation and not to discon­ tinue your efforts for the Lord’s kingdom in our land. We thank you for all your love; we thank you for all the workers you have sent to us, especially for our beloved brother Clark. Brethren, pray for us ! With warmest love we remain, in behalf of our churches, Your grateful servants. Qpigned by sixteen representatives.)

The year, on the whole, has been one of great promise both in direct evan­ gelistic, as well as in educational, work. The schools in Krabschitz and Feld- kirchen have had a pleasant and successful year. The Young Men’s Christian Association and the Home for the Fallen have done a most valuable work. The believers at Tabor, after long waiting, are now rejoicing in the prospect of a suitable building to serve as the home of a pastor, and to serve as a place of meeting for various religious exercises. It is hoped that Tabor will thus be made a centre of life and power that shall revive the memory of other days. The mission needs enlargement by one or more mission families. Funds are also needed to aid in the support of a larger number of native preachers. All that is needed is to push forward the work so well and happily begun. TABULAR VIEW OF THE MISSIONS OF THE A. B. C. F. M. FOR THE YEAR 1889-90.

AMERICAN NATIVE PREACHING. CHURCHES. EDUCATION. LABORERS. LABORERS.

C o l l e g e , H i g h , a n d B o a r d i n g S c h o o l s . MISSIONS.

o 2 •e-* S à _ort -o H .2 5 " H ö II o 3 H

East Central Africa . 1883 85 200 86 Zulu Mission . . 1835 36 134 165 4 , i i i 4,855 1,155 86 1,425 1,653 $1,151 West Central Africa 1880 3 20 3 114 45 19 103 104 58 European Turkey 1858 78 1,969 729 80 613 Ï 9 55 31 1,885 1,497 65 395 4,53* Western Turkey . 1819 183 281 356 120 10,869 7,57i 11,485 3,118 275 387 473 4,953 6,119 20,337 Central Turkey . 1847 u s *57 183 57 9,689 9,500 l6 ,0 6 l 5,055 793 238 210 4,°77 5,544 ' 7.15° Eastern Turkey . 1836 178 298 351 135 11,482 6,982 l6,I52 2,807 217 523 6,237 7,950 11,454 Marathi . . . 1813 182 277 310 130 4,314 4,747 12,700 2 ,115 192 582 $ 2,050 2,992 1,755 Madura . . . 1834 221 448 482 404 7,800 4,628 ” ,875 3,562 254 722 241 4,435 5,4i 9 6,192 Ceylon . . . 1816 247 328 33S| 37 2,290 3,160 3,116 1,47^ 350 133 8,416 8,889° 4,878 Hong Kong . 1883 6 9 12 3 80 415 26 328 228 826 Foochow . . 1847 25 50 72j 19 675 1,074 484 44 31 334 440 1,081 North China . 1854 14 52 109 37 901 2,210 1,042 82 53 107 351 267 Shansi . . . 1882 I i4 ! 4 100 44 10 19 72 Japan .... 1869 26 169 190 28.000 9,146 1,615 1,162 50,841 North Japan 1883 257 8,630 6,920 1,355 2,995 M icronesia . _ 1852 105 85 10.000 4,475 496 101 81 3,980 1,785 Western Mexico 1872 300 68 18 12 Northern Mexico . 1882 391 763 255 74 13 168 170 843 S p a i n ...... 1872 77° 556 2,625 55 41 604 3,47* A u s t r i a ...... 1872 33 1,050 1,719 92 60 35 104 800 Hawaiian Islands 1872 IS

T o t a l s ...... 96 962 1831 10 7 181 1522 533 192 490 1,353 382 2,417 2,950 1,40265,23647,523126,676 387 36,256 4,554 14 247 66 4,600 56 3,180 889 33,114 47,319 $H7.494

1 O f whom twelve are also physicians. * Including some not reported in schools. 2 O f whom seven are physicians. 6 The common schools of Jaffna are connected with the mission, although 3 Including Hawaiian missionaries. under a Board of Education. Their teachers are not enumerated here. n o Pecuniary Accounts. [Report,

PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS.

EXPENDITURES OF THE BOARD DURING THE YEAR ENDING A U G U S T 31, 1890.

COST OF THE MISSIONS.

Mission to West Central Africa. Remittances, drafts, and p u r c h a s e s ...... $ 10,761.59 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to A fr ica ...... 1,605.75 Procuring and forwarding s u p p lie s ...... 200.00 $12,567.34

Mission to East Central Africa.

Remittances and purchases ...... #7.791.77 Expenses of missionaries in this country 495-83 Procuring and forwarding supplies . . 50.00 #8,337.60

Zulu Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u rch ases ...... $17,191.78 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n tr y ...... 2,783.33 Outfits and traveling expenses to A f r i c a ...... 3,240.00 Grants for missionaries’ children in this c o u n tr y ...... 895.00 Procuring and forwarding su p p lie s ...... 250.00 #24,360.11

European Turkey Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u r c h a s e s ...... $29,261.32 Grants for missionaries’ children in this c o u n tr y ...... 792.50 Procuring and forwarding su p p lie s ...... 300.00 #30,353.82

Western Turkey Mission. Remittances, purchases, and d r a fts ...... $84,169.07 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n tr y ...... 6,086.55 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to T u r k e y ...... 4,780.88 Grants for missionaries’ children in this c o u n tr y ...... 1,032.50 Procuring and forwarding su p p lie s ...... 700.00 $96,769.00

Central Turkey Mission. Remittances, purchases, and d ra fts ...... $28,943.71 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n tr y ...... 1.565-75 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to T u r k e y ...... 1,966.29 Grants for missionaries' children in this c o u n tr y ...... 250.00 Procuring and forwarding su p p lies ...... 300.00 #33.025-75 Eastern Turkey Mission. Remittances, purchases, and d r a f t s ...... $39,868.98 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n t r y ...... 2,730.00 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to T u r k e y ...... 3,517.60 Grants for missionaries' children in this c o u n t r y ...... 303.75 Procuring and forwarding s u p p lie s ...... 450.00 $46,870.33

Marathi Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u r c h a s e s ...... $60,374.88 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country 647-45 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to India . 2,965.17 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country .... 1,290.00 Procuring and forwarding s u p p lie s ...... 350.00 #65,627.50

Madura Mission. Remittances, purchases, and d r a f t s ...... $41,701.54 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n t r y ...... 6,911.85 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to I n d i a ...... 3,252.20 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country...... 400.00 Procuring and forwarding s u p p lie s ...... 350.00 $52,615.59 1890.] Pecuniary Accounts. I ll

Ceylon Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u r ch a s e s ...... #11,159.03 Grants for missionaries’ children in this c o u n t r y ...... 450.00 Procuring and forwarding s u p p lie s ...... 100.00 #11,709.03

Hong Kong Mission. Remittances and d r a f t s ...... #1,365.19 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to C hina...... 1,216.90 #2,582.09

Foochow Mission. Remittances, purchases, and drafts ...... #22,63743 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n t r y ...... 1,398.00 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to China ...... 1,251.34 Procuring and forwarding s u p p lie s ...... 250.00 fe .S 36.77 North China Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u r ch a s e s...... #56,620.28 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n t r y ...... 4,075.86 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to C h i n a ...... 3,416.57 Grants for missionaries’ children in this c o u n t r y ...... 643.33 Procuring and forwarding s u p p lie s ...... 600.00 #65,356.04

Shansi Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u r ch a ses...... ' ...... #7,894.79 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n t r y ...... 1,617.00 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to C h i n a ...... 1,12040 Grant for missionary’s child in this c o u n t r y ...... 150.00 Procuring and forwarding s u p p lie s ...... 450.00 #11,232.19

Japan Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u r ch a se s...... #86,784.98 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n t r y ...... 3,740.50 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to J a p a n ...... 4,045.69 Grants for missionaries’ children in this c o u n t r y ...... 1,250.00 Procuring and forwarding s u p p lie s ...... 750.00 #96,571.17

Northern Japan Mission. Remittances, purchases, and d r a f t s ...... #21,486.93 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to J a p a n ...... 2,612.63 Grants for missionaries' children in this c o u n t r y ...... 450.00 Procuring and forwarding s u p p lie s ...... 200.00 #24,74956

Grants-in-aid to Sandwich Islands. Drafts and p u rch ases...... #10,15743 Procuring and forwarding s u p p lie s ...... 83.97 #10,241.40

Micronesian Mission. Drafts and p u r ch a s e s ...... #20,457.99 Drafts for running expenses of the Morning S t a r ...... 11,165.14 Insurance of d o ...... 3,005.00 Expenses of missionaries in this c o u n tr y ...... 1,541.67 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries, to Ho n o lu lu ...... 2,862.70 Grants for missionaries’ children in this c o u n t r y ...... 300.00 Procuring and forwarding s u p p lie s ...... 450.00 #39.782.50

Mission to Northern Mexico. Remittances, purchases, and forwarding s u p p lie s...... #16,475.62 Grant for missionary’s child in this c o u n tr y ...... 60.00 #16.535.62

Mission to Western Mexico. Remittances, purchases, and forwarding su p p lie s...... #7,336.07

Mission to Spain. Remittances, purchases, and forwarding su p p lie s ...... #14,102.90 Grant for missionary’s child in this c o u n tr y ...... 120.00 #14,222.90

Mission to Austria. Remittances ...... #10,663.87

#707,046.25 112 Pecuniary Accounts. [Report,

COST OF COMMUNICATING INFORMATION.

I. Agencies. Salary of Rev. C. H. Daniels, and g r a n t...... #3,500.00 Traveling e x p e n s e s...... 488.91 Salary of Rev. S. J. Humphrey, and grant ...... 3,000.00 Traveling e x p e n s e s ...... 131.86 Salary of Rev. A. N. H itch co ck ...... 2,416.64 Traveling e x p e n s e s...... 371.66 Salary' of Rev. C. C. Creegan, and gran t...... 3,500.00 Traveling e x p e n se s...... 348.08 Circulars, tracts, postage, clerk hire, rent, and stationery...... 3,008.49 Traveling expenses of returned missionaries and others while on agencies . 2,015.28 Services of Dr. Strong in this d ep artm en t...... 1,000.00 #19,780.92

2. Publications.

Cost of Missionary Herald (including salaries of editor and gen­ eral agent, and copies sent gratuitously, according to the rule of the Board, to pastors, honorary members, donors, etc.). . . . #15,922.06 Deduct amount received from subscribers...... #6,853.11 for a d v e r tis in g ...... 1,927.16 8,780.27 #7,141.79 Annual Report, 1,500 c o p i e s ...... 654*17 Dr. Pratt’s sermon, 1,500 c o p ie s ...... 62.46 Almanac, #668.90 less #468.24 received-from s a l e s ...... 200.66 “ Mission Dayspring ” ...... 616.24 Clerk h ir e ...... 626.99 Expenses of distribution of miscellaneous p u b lic a tio n s ...... 50.00 Missionaries’ letters, tracts, and miscellaneous p r i n t i n g ...... 1,803.86

#11,156.17 Less amounts received for “ Mission Stories” (#135.51) and “ Commemora­ tive Volume ” (#2.00)...... I37-51 #11,018.66

COST OF ADMINISTRATION.

I. Department o f Correspondence.

Salary of Dr. Clark (including grants), #4,000 less #888.23 received from Fund for O f f i c e r s ...... #3>lr l*77 Salary of Dr. Alden, #3,000 less #888.23 received from Fund for Officers . . 2.111.77 Salary of Dr. Smith (including grants), #4,500 less #888.23 received from Fund for O f f ic e r s ...... 3.611.77 Clerk hire ...... 2,813.87 #11,649.18

2. Treasurer's Department.

Salary of Treasurer (including grants) #3,500 less #888.23 received from Fund for O f f ic e r s ...... #2,611.77 Clerk h ir e ...... 3.964-00 #6,575.77

3. New York City. Office r e n t ...... #562.50 Clerk h ir e ...... 672.00 Furniture, stationery, postage, and incidental e x p e n s e s ...... 554.18 #1,788.68

4. Miscellaneous Charges. Rent of the Missionary Rooms in p a r t ...... #1,28749 Care of do., and incidental e x p e n s e s ...... 337-28 Heating of do...... 322.85 Gas in do...... 79.65 Furniture and r e p a i r s ...... 97-69 Postage stam p s...... 1,04649 Stationery, printing, and b i n d i n g ...... 545-°7 Copying letters and d o cu m en ts...... 934.08 Certificates of honorary m em bership...... 54-°° Expenses of Annual M eetin g...... 235.09 Books and periodicals for the lib r a r y ...... 110.83 Rent of boxes in safe deposit v a u l t s ...... 37-oo #5,087.52

#762,946.98 Balance on hand, August 31,1890 487-°9

#763434-o7 1890.] Pecuniary Accounts. 113

RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD DURING THE YEAR ENDING AUGUST 31, 1890.

Donations as acknowledged in the Missionary H erald...... $417,921.74 Legacies „ „ „ 199,802.11 Interest on the General Permanent Fund (including $250 from the Caroline Phelps Stokes Legacy, for the free distribution of the missionary publica­ tions of the Board among ministers, missionaries, and o th e r s ) ...... 10,671.73 From the Legacy of Asa Otis ...... 61482.16 From the Legacy of Samuel W . S w e t t ...... 72,707.89 #762,585.63 Balance on hand, September 1, 1 8 8 9 ...... 848.44

$763,434.07 LEGACY OF ASA OTIS, NEW LONDON, CONN.

In accordance with the action of the Board at its Annual Meeting in 1879 (see Annual Report, p. xi), the remainder of this legacy is set apart for new missions.

Balance of securities remaining in the Treasurer’s hands September 1,1889, at p a r ...... $168,89x47 Appraised value of same ...... $202,593.50 Received for Premiums on S a le s ...... 4,779.02 Received for Dividends and I n t e r e s t ...... 12,684.67 $186,355.16 Expended for new missions as follows: — West Central Africa M issio n ...... $8,890.84 East Central Africa M is s io n ...... 7,710.90 Hong Kong Mission ...... 2406.39 Shansi M issio n ...... 11,202.19 Northern Japan M i s s i o n ...... 19,196.71 Mission to Northern M e x ic o ...... 12,075.13 $61482.16

Balance August 31, 18 9 0 ...... $124,873.00 Appraised value of securities now h eld...... $157,593.50

LEGACY OF SAMUEL W. SWETT, BOSTON.

In accordance with the action of the Board at its Annual Meeting in 1884 (see Annual Report, p. ix), this legacy is “ set apart to meet special calls for a brief period of years, in the evangelistic and educational departments of our missionary work abroad, emphasis being placed upon the present emergency in Japan and upon the great opportunity in China.”

Balance of the Legacy, August 31, 1 8 8 9 ...... $108,078.26 Received from the Executors during the y e a r ...... 7,383.86 Received for Dividends and I n t e r e s t ...... 2,661.96 $118,124.08

Expended during the year ending August 31, 1890, and included in the fore­ going statement of “ Cost of the Missions,” as follows : — For the Zulu M ission...... $1,500.00 For Missions in T u r k e y ...... 9,698.20 For Missions in I n d i a ...... 5,988.75 For Missions in C h i n a ...... 26,260.24 For Missions in J a p a n ...... 23,195.70 For Missions in the Pacific I s l a n d s ...... 4,465.00 For Missions in Austria ...... 1,600.00 $72,707.89

Balance of Legacy, August 31, 1890 $45,416.19

“MORNING STAR” (FUND FOR REPAIRS).

RECEIPTS. The balance of this Fund, September 1,1889, w a s ...... $5,698.25 Received from sale of pictures of the v e ss e l...... 1.50 Income from investments ...... 422.26 $6,122.01

PAYMENTS. For repairs at H o n o lu lu ...... $2,002.61

Balance held as a fund for repairs and in v e s t e d ...... $4,11940

PERMANENT FUNDS OF THE BOARD.

GENERAL PERMANENT FUND.

The balance of this Fund, September 1, 1889, w a s ...... $215,48742 Added during the y e a r ...... 5.00

$215,49242: 1 14 Pecuniary Accounts. [Report,

PERMANENT FUND FOR OFFICERS.

The Permanent Fund for Officers amounts as last year t o ...... $59,608.00 The Income of the Fund for Officers, applied to salaries, w as...... 3,552.92

MISSION SCHOLARSHIPS.

The balance of this Fund, September i, 1889, w a s ...... $3,745.63 Added during the y e a r ...... 1,000.00

$4,745-63 C. MERRIAM FEMALE SCHOLARSHIP.

This Fund amounts as last year t o ...... $3,000.00

EUPHRATES COLLEGE FEMALE TEACHERS' FUND.

This Fund amounts as last year t o ...... $2,500.00

HOLLIS MOORE MEMORIAL TRUST.

This Fund amounts as last year t o ...... $5,000.00

WILLIAM WHITE SMITH FUND.

This Fund, a legacy given for education of preachers and teachers in Africa, amounts as last year t o ...... $35,000.00

ANATOLIA COLLEGE ENDOWMENT FUND.

This Fund, collected by Rev. G. F. Herrick, D.D., amounts t o ...... $12,689.83

BENJAMIN SCHNEIDER MEMORIAL FUND.

Coilected by Mrs. Schneider in memory of her husband, and to give aid to needy students in Central T u r k e y ...... $1,728.00 1890.] Donations. US

SUMMARY OF

DONATIONS RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR.

MAINE. A u x i l i a r y S o c i e t i e s . Aroostook C oun ty ...... 48.50 Cumberland C oun ty ...... 3,024.04 Franklin County ...... 136.55 Hancock County ...... 170.50 Kennebec C ounty ...... 513-98 Lincoln and Sagadahoc C ounties ...... 2,441.47 O xford C o u n ty ...... 63.68 Penobscot C ounty ...... 5 1 1 1 7 Piscataquis County ...... 30.84 Somerset County ...... 110.00 Union Conference of Churches ...... 101.80 Waldo County ...... 120.99 Washington C ounty ...... 205.23 York C ounty ...... 657.37 8,136.12 Towns not asso ciated ...... 110.00 L e g a c ie s...... 4,138.60 Donations for School Fund ...... 464-49 Donations for Morning Star Mission...... 20.80 Donations for Mission Work for Women* .... 4.644-35

$1 7 ,514-36 NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Cheshire County ...... W. H. Spalter, Tr. . . Keene ...... 625.32 Coos C ounty ...... 36.46 Grafton C ounty ...... 507.09 H illsboro’ C o u n t y ...... 1,679.52 Merrimac C ounty ...... 933*75 Rockingham County ...... 2,157.10 Strafford County ...... 452.98 Sullivan C ounty ...... 205.65 6,597.87 Towns not associated...... 210.00 L e g a c ie s ...... 3,996.68 Donations for School F u n d ...... 208.28 Donations for Morning Star M ission ...... 115.50 Donations for Mission Work for Women (of which $262.83 are le g a c ie s ) ...... 4,385-26

$ i5.5i 3-59 VEBMONT. Addison C ounty ...... 681.07 Bennington C ou n ty ...... 295.62 Caledonia C ou n ty ...... 1,410.24 Chittenden County ...... 793-1? Essex C o u n t y ...... 4.00 Franklin County ...... 50.86 Grand Isle County - ...... 24-51 Lamoille County ...... 128.74 Orange C ounty ...... 404.39 Orleans C oun ty ...... 237-55 Rutland County ...... 44°-27 Washington C ou n ty ...... 231.89 Windham C ounty ...... 644.07 Windsor County ...... 1.596-67 6,943.05 L e g a c ie s ...... 3.669.53 Donations for School Fund ...... 284.23 Donations for Morning Star M ission ...... 20.05 Donations for Mission Work for Women (of which $25 are le g a c ie s )...... 3.973-73

$14,890.59

*The donations for Mission Work for Women (excepting those from the Woman’s Board for the Pacific) are taken from Life and Light, and differ somewhat from amounts in the Herald. i l 6 Donations. [Report,

MASSACHUSETTS. Barnstable County ...... 409.78 Berkshire C ou n ty ...... 2,272.68 Bristol County ...... 1,697.09 Brookfield Association ...... 2.853.90 Dukes and Nantucket Counties ...... 14.08 Essex County ...... 1.171.90 Essex County, N o rth ...... Essex County, South ...... 2,836.30 Franklin County ...... A. M. Gleason, Tr. . . . Greenfield . . i >59=-14 Hampden C ounty ...... Charles Marsh, Tr. . . . Springfield . . 6,368.57 Hampshire County ...... 4 ,8i 5-79 Middlesex C ounty ...... 18,470.37 M iddlesex U n io n ...... 1,116.79 N orfolk County _ ...... 5,227.03 Old Colony A u xiliary ...... Plymouth C ou n ty ...... x j& lt Suffolk C ou n ty ...... 18,925.52 Worcester County, North 1,064.62 Worcester County, Central . E. H. Sanford, Tr. . . . Worcester - 3,022.75 Worcester County, South . 1 Amos Armsby, Tr. . . . Millbury . 3 .547-23 79,060.90 Towns not associated ...... 3,830.20 L e g a c ie s ...... 123,365.27 Donations for School F u n d ...... 1,179.94 Donations for Morning Star M ission ...... 165.01 Donations for Mission^ Work for Women (of which $12,134.41 are legacies) ...... 58,100.72

$265,702.04 R H O D E 1 ST,AND. D o n a tio n s ...... 4,297.89 L e g a c i e s ...... 3,000.00 Donations for School F u n d ...... ■...... 125.02 Donations for Mission Work for Women (of which $4,000 are le g acies) ...... 7.947-93

$15,370.84 CONNECTICUT. Fairfield C ounty . . 3,059-55 Hartford County . . W. W. Jacobs, Tr ...... Hartford. . 9,301.50 Litchfield County . . G. M. Woodruff, Tr. , . . . Litchfield . 2.584-43 Middlesex County . . E . C . H ungerford, T r. . . . Chester . . 1 ,319-27 •New Haven County . F. T. Jarman, Agent .... New Haven 5,090.85 i Lewis A. Hyde, Tr ...... N orw ich . . New London County . f H. C. Learned, Tr ...... N ew London 7»495-36 Tolland County . . . E. C. Chapman, Tr ...... Rockville . 2,034.44 W indham C ounty . . 1,556.49 32,441.89 Towns not associated ...... 805.00 Legacies ...... 6,640.48 Donations for School Fund .... 709.01 Donations for Morning Star Mission 259.24 Donations for Mission Work for Women (of which $2,500 are le g a c ie s )...... 22,963.18

$63,818.80

N E W Y O R K . DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. D o n a t io n s ...... 35,812.70 D o n a t io n s ...... 527-93 L e g a c i e s ...... 40,401.30 L e g a c ie s ...... 5,000.00 Donations for School Fund' ...... 548.77 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 400.83 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 679.85 Donations for Mission Work for Women 8,170.06 $5,928.76 NORTH CAROLINA. $85,612.68 PENNSYLVANIA. Donations for Mission Work for Women . 25.00 D o n a t io n s ...... 1,439.09 Donations for School Fund ...... 38.98 SOUTH CAROLINA. Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 29.94 D o n a t io n s ...... Donations for Mission Work for Women 4I9-45 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . Donations for Mission Work for Women . $1,927.46 N E W J E R S E Y D o n a t io n s ...... i , 94o.53 GEORGIA. L e g a c ie s ...... 42.06 D o n a t io n s ...... Donations for School Fund .... 32.50 Donations for Mission Work for Women Donations for Morning Star Mission 70.80 Donations for Mission Work for Women 2,250.89 $95.71 FLORIDA. $4,336.78 D o n a t io n s ...... 686.23 MARYLAND. Donations for Mission Work for Women 78.71 Donations ...... 237-45 Donations for Mission Work for Women 142.50 $764.94 ALABAMA. $ 379*95 D o n a t io n s ...... 3*5-17 VIRGINIA. Donations for School Fund - . - . • • 13.27 Donations ...... 34-97 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 9-31 Donations for Mission Work for Women 41.39 Donations for Mission Work for Women 10.00 $76.36 $347-75 1890.] Donations. 117

MISSISSIPPI. MINNESOTA. D o n a t io n s ...... 15.20 D o n a t io n s ...... 3,170.97 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 3-6o L e g a c ie s ...... 50.00 Donations for School Fund ...... $18.80 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 2.39 LOUISIANA. Donations for Mission Work for Women 5.253.8i D o n a t io n s ...... 55-50 .558.13 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 10.70 KANSAS. D o n a t io n s ...... $66.20 Donations for School Fund ...... TENNESSEE. Donations for Morning Star Mission . . D o n a t io n s ...... 59-66 Donations for Mission Work for Women Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . 6.19 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 21.10 NEBRASKA. ^ 79-53 $86.95 D o n a t io n s ...... 937.89 ARKANSAS. L e g a c ie s ...... 100.00 D o n a t io n s ...... 25-25 Donations for School Fund ...... 33-8o Donations for School F u n d ...... 2.30 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 1,517.74 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . 2.25 Donations for Mission Work for Women . I3-65 CALIFORNlAi~ A T TT1.T^TT * $2*589.43 D o n a t io n s ...... 1,708.88 $43-45 TEXAS. Legacies ...... 50.00 Donations for School Fund ...... 29.15 D o n a t io n s ...... 97.10 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . 13.65 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 45-00 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 4,259.50 $142.10 $6,061.18 INDIANA. OREGON. D o n a t io n s ...... 282.02 D o n a t io n s ...... 371-86 Donations for School F u n d ...... 1.60 Donations for Mission Work for Women 13.07 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 917.7 5 $384.93 $1,201.37 NEVADA. KENTUCKY. D o n a t io n s ...... 5.00 Donations 9.92 COLORADO. D o n a t io n s ...... 820.56 MISSOURI. Donations for School Fund ...... 2.56 Donations ...... 1,899.99 Donations for M ission W ork for Women . 928.05 Donations for School F u n d ...... 62.25 Donations for M orning Star M ission . . . 79.92 $1,751.17 D onations for Mission W ork for W omen . 2,800.44 WASHINGTON. D o n a t io n s ...... 498.44 $4,842.60 Donations for School Fund ...... 9.37 OHIO. Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . 16.50 D o n a t io n s ...... 7,615-79 L e g a c ie s ...... 5,300.00 $524-3* Donations for School F u n d ...... 285.75 NORTHERN DAKOTA. Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 104.92 Donations ...... 67-95 Donations for School Fund ...... Donations for Mission Work for Women 5 .837-49 10.87 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 176.70 $*9,*43-95 ILLINOIS. $255.52 D o n a t io n s ...... 15,748.23 SOUTHERN DAKOTA. L e g a c ie s ...... 1,010.28 D o n a t io n s ...... I80.69 Donations for School F u n d ...... 277.01 Donations for School Fund ...... 21.21 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . 141.04 Donations for Morning Star Mission - . . 10.00 Donations for Mission Work for Women Donations for Mission Work for Women . 645-73 (of which $900 are le g a c ie s ) ...... 18,875.68 $857.63 $36,052.24 MONTANA. MICHIGAN. D o n a t io n s ...... Donations for School F und ...... D o n a t io n s ...... 3,220.97 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . L e g a c i e s ...... 900.00 Donations for School F u n d ...... 141.42 $90.50 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 4.05 IDAHO TERRITORY. Donations for Mission Work for Women 6 ,583-77 Donations $10,850.21 WISCONSIN. WYOMING TERRITORY. D o n a t io n s ...... D o n a t io n s ...... 3,266.31 4.50 Donations for School F und ...... 5.00 L e g a c i e s ...... 2,000.00 Donations for School Fund ...... 172.86 $9.50 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 34.62 UTAH. Donations for Mission Work for Women 4,219.99 D o n a t io n s ...... 42.05 Donations for School Fund ...... 2.00 $9,693.78 IOWA. Donations for Mission Work for Women 13.01 D o n a t io n s ...... 3.535.70 $57.06 L e g a c ie s ...... 137-91 ARIZONA TERRITORY. Donations for Schooj Fund ...... 207.31 Donations 121.85 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 22.75 Donations for Mission Work for Women 5,612.39 TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. $9,516.06 D o n a t io n s ...... 8.00 n 8 Donations. [Report,

CANADA. Collections for the schooner “ Robert W. Logan,” for R u k ...... $1,966.41 Province of Ontario. D o n a tio n s ...... 232.50 Donations for Morning Star Mission ...... 19.00 241.50 TOTAL. Province of Quebec. Donations ...... 242,024.60 D o n a tio n s ...... 3,164.20 L e g a c ie s ...... 199,802.11 Donations for School Fund . . 5.00 3,169.20 Donations for School Fund ...... 5,016.66 Province of Manitoba. Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . 2,361.10 D o n a tio n s ...... 115.00 Donations for Mission Work for Women as Donations from Canada for Mission Work above, $175,284.86 (o f which $19,822.24 for W o m e n ...... 1,769,00 are from legacies), the difference being explained by note on page 115 ...... 166,552.97 $5,294.70 Donations for schooner “ Robert W. Logan " 1,966.41

FOREIGN LANDS AND MISSIONARY $617,723.85 STATIONS. Donations...... 12,915.28 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . 522.07 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 174.80

$13,612.15 1890.] Receipts. — Plates of Meeting. 119

RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD.

The following table exhibits the income of the Board from all sources since its organization : — For the year ending September, 1811 . $999-52 Ju!y 31. 1851 ...... $274,902.21 August 31, 1812 . 13,611.50 it 1852 ...... 301,732.20 1813 . 11,361.18 it 1853 ...... , 314,922.88 1814 . 12,265.56 » 1854 .... • . • 305.778.84 1815 . 9.493-89 >> 1855 ...... 310,427.77 1816 . 12,501.03 1856 ...... 307,318.69 1817 . 29,948.63 » 1857 ...... 388,932.69 1818 . 34,727.72 1» i 85§ ...... 334,01848 37,520.63 1819 . it 1859 .... • • • 350,91545 1820 . 39,949-45 1» i860 .... • • • 429,799-o8 1821 . 46,354-95 A u gu st 31,< 1861 .... • • • 34°,522-56 1822 . 60,087.87 li 1862 .... ■ • • 339.080.56 1823 . 55.758-94 »1 1863 .... - • • 337.07971 1824 . 47.483-58 »» 1864 .... • • . 531.985-67 1825 . 55,7 i 6. i 8 » 1865 .... ■ • • 534.763 33 1826 . 61,616.25 II 1866 ...... 446,94244 1827 . 88,341.89 II 1867 .... • • • 437.884.77 1828 . 102,009.64 II 1868 .... • • • 535.838.64 1829 . 106,928.26 II 1869 ...... 525.214-95 1830 . 83.0 I9-37 II 1870 ...... 461,058.42 1831 . 100,934.09 II 1871 ...... 429,160.60 1832 . I3°.5 7 4 12 II 1872 ...... 445.824.23 1833 • 145.847-77 II 1873 ...... 431,844.81 1834 . 152,386.10 l> 1874 ...... 478.256.51 July 31, 1835 . 163,340.19 a 1875 ...... 476,028.19 1836 . 176,232.15 it 1876 .... • • - 465.44240 1837 . 252,076.55 ti 1877 .... - • • 441.39145 1838 . 236,170.98 h 1878 ...... 482.204.73 1839 . 244,169.82 1879 ...... 518,386.06 1840 . 241,691.04 t* 1880 .... • - - 613,539.51 1841 . 235.189-3° » 1881 ...... 691,245.16 1842 . 318,396.53 it 1882 ...... 651.976.84 1843 . 244,254.43 H 1883 .... • • 590,99^67 1844 . 236,394.37 »1 1884 .... • • • 588,353-5i 1845 . 255.112-96 1885 ...... 625,832.54 1846 . 262,073.55 »1 1886 ...... 658,75442 1847 . 211,402.76 1887 .... • • • 679,573.79 1848 . 254,056.46 it 1888 ...... 665,712.21 1849 . 291.705.27 » 1889 ...... 685,111.33 1850 . 251,862.28 VI 1890 .... • • • 762,585.63

PLACES OF MEETING AND PREACHERS.

Year. Place o f Meeting. Preacher. Text. 1810. Farmington. No Sermon. 18x1. Worcester. No Sermon. 1812. Hartford. No Sermon. 1813. Boston. ♦Timothy Dwight, D.D. John x, 16. 1814. New Haven. •James Richards, D.D. Ephesians iii, 8. 1815. Salem. ♦Calvin Chapin, D.D. Psalm xcvi, 10. 1816. Hartford. ♦Henry Davis, D.D. Psalm cxix, 96. 1817. Northampton. ♦Jesse Appleton, D.D. 1 Corinthians i, 21. 1818. New Haven. ♦Samuel Spring, D.D. Acts viii, 30, 31. 1819. Boston. ♦Joseph Lyman, D.D. Isaiah lviii, 12. t 1820. Hartford. ♦Eliphalet Nott, d .d . Mark xvi, 15. 1 2 0 PI o f Meeting and Preachers. [Report,

Year. Place o f Meeting, Preacher. Text. 3821. Springfield. ♦Jedidiah Morse, D.D. Psalm ii, 8. 1822. New Haven. ♦Alexander Proudfit, D.D. Malachi i, n . 1823. feoston. ♦Jeremiah Day, D.D. Nehemiah vi, 3. 1824. Hartford. ♦Samuel Austin, D.D. Galatians i, 15, 16. 1825. Northampton. ♦Joshua Bates, D.D. John viii, 32. 1826. Middletown. ♦Edward D. Griffin, D.D. Matthew xxviii, 18, 20. 1827. New York. ♦Lyman Beecher, D.D. Luke xi, 21; Rev. etc. 1828. Philadelphia. ♦John H. Rice, D.D. 2 Corinthians x, 4. 1829. Albany. ♦Archibald Alexander, D.D. Acts xi, 18. 1830. Boston. ♦Thomas De Witt, D.D. Matthew ix, 37, 38. 1831. New Haven. ♦Leonard Woods, D.D. Isaiah lxii, i, 2. 1832. New York. ♦William Allen, D.D. John viii, 36. 1833. Philadelphia. ♦William Murray, D.D. 2 Corinthians x, 4. 1834. Utica. ♦Gardner Spring, D.D. Matthew x, 6. 1835. Baltimore. ♦Samuel Miller, D.D. Numbers xiv, 21. 1836. Hartford. ♦John Codman, D.D. Matthew x, 8. 1837. Newark. ♦John McDowell, D.D. Acts iv, 12. 1838. Portland. ♦Heman Humphrey, D.D. Psalm cii, 13-16. 1839. Troy. ♦Thomas McAuley, D.D. Isaiah xi, 9. 1840. Providence. ♦Nathan S. S. Beman, D.D. Psalm lxxii, 17. 1841. Philadelphia. ♦Justin Edwards, D.D. Zachariah iv, 9. 1842. Norwich. ♦William R. De Witt, D.D. 2 Corinthians v, 14. 1843. Rochester. ♦Thomas H. Skinner, D.D. Philippians iii, 13. 1844. Worcester. ♦Rev. Albert Barnes. Luke xiv, 28-32. 1845. Brooklyn. ♦Mark Hopkins, D.D. Psalm lv, 22. 1846. New Haven. ♦Joel Hawes, D.D. 1 Samuel vii, 12. 1847. Buffalo. ♦David Magie, D.D. Isaiah xxxii, 15. 1848. Boston. ♦Isaac Ferris, D.D. Matthew vi, 10. 1849. Pittsfield. ♦Samuel H. Cox, D.D. Daniel vii, 27. 1850. Oswego. ♦Richard S. Storrs, D.D. 1 Corinthians xv, 58. 1851. Portland. *David H. Riddle, D.D. Isaiah xli, 14, 15. 1852. Troy. ♦Leonard Bacon, D.D. 2 Corinthians v, 7. 1853. Cincinnati. ♦William Adams, D.D. Matthew xiii, 38. 1854- Hartford. ♦Charles White, D.D. Matthew vi, ro. 1855. Utica. ♦Nehemiah Adams, D.D. Galatians ii, 20. 1856. Newark. ♦George W . Bethune, D.D. x Timothy i, 15. 1857. Providence. ♦M. La Rue P. Thompson, D.D. Matthew xxviii, 20. 1858. Detroit, ♦George Shepard, D.D. Luke xi, 41. 1859. Philadelphia. Robert W . Patterson, D.D. Matthew xiii, 33. 1860. Boston. ♦Samuel W . Fisher, D.D. Isa. xiv, 1 - 6 ; xliii, 21. 1861. Cleveland. Richard S. Storrs, Jr., D.D. 1 Corinthians i, 28. 1862. Springfield. ♦Henry Smith, D.D. ohn xvii, 20, 21. 1863. Rochester. ♦Elisha L. Cleveland, D.D. i„uke xxiv, 45-47. 1864. Worcester. ♦Jonathan B. Condit, D.D. Philippians ii, 15, 16. 1865. Chicago. ♦Edward N. Kirk, D.D. 2 Corinthians v, 7. 1866. Pittsfield. •Laurens P. Hickok, D.D. Philippians ii, 10, 11. 1867. Buffalo. ♦Joseph P. Thompson, d .d . John i, 4. 1868. Norwich. Henry A. Nelson, D.D. John xii, 32. 1869. Pittsburgh. ♦John Todd, D.D. Malachi i, xr. 1870. Brooklyn. ♦Jonathan F. Stearns, D.D. Matthew xxviii, 18-20. 1871. Salem. ♦Truman M. Post, d .d . Mark x, 45. 1872. New Haven. Samuel C. Bartlett, D.D. 1 Corinthians ii, 1-5. 1873. Minneapolis. Julius H. Seelye, D.D. Romans iv, 25. 1874. Rutland. Henry M. Scudder, D.D. Romans x, 14, 15. 1875. Chicago. •Israel W . Andrews, D.D. Romans i, 14. 1876. Hartford. William M. Taylor, D.D. Ezekiel xlvii, 9. 1877. Providence. James H. Fairchild, D.D. 1 John iv, 20. 1878. Milwaukee. Henry H. Jessup, D.D. Address. 1879. Syracuse. George F. Magoun, D.D. Matthew xxviii, 18,19. 1880. Lowell. ♦Jacob M. Manning, D.D. Rev. xxi, 1. 1881. St. Louis. A. J. F. Behrends, D.D. Luke xiv, 28, 30. 1882. Portland. Edward P. Goodwin, D.D. Acts xiii, 2. 1883. Detroit. William M. Barbour, D.D. Mark xii, 31. 1884. Columbus. Aaron L. Chapin, D.D. Acts xx, 24. 1885. Boston. Geo. Leon Walker, D.D. Hebrews xi, 13,39, 40. 1886. Des Moines. John L. Withrow, D.D. Acts xxvi, 17, 18. 1887. Springfield. Frederick A. Noble, D.D. Luke xi, 2. [23. 1888. Cleveland. Henry Hopkins, D.D. John xiv, 6; Eph. i, 1889. New York. Lewellyn Pratt, D.D. John xx, 21-23. 1890. Minneapolis. Arthur Little, D.D. John xii, 24. 1890.] Missionaries o f the Board. 121

MISSIONARIES OF THE BOARD.

The following list presents the names of Missionaries now in connection with the Board, in the field or expecting to return, giving the year in which they went out, the Missions and Stations with which they are connected, but not in all cases their Postoffice Addresses. These Postoffice Addresses are given in the American Board Almanac.

M issionaries. W ent Out. M issionaries . W ent O ut- ZULU MISSION. Miss Sarah Bell, Kamondongo, 1888 Mrs. Oriana R. Ireland, Amanzimtote, 1865 Rev. Harry A. Cotton, Bailundu, 1889 M rs. A bbie T . W ilder, Um twalum e, 1849 Mrs. Gertrude M. Cotton, m.d ., 1889 R ev . Stephen C . P ixley, Inanda, 1855 Rev. Wilberforce Lee, Chisamba, 1889 M rs. Louisa P ix ley , 1855 Charles F. Clowe, m .d ., Kamondongo, 1890 Rev. Henry M. Bridgman, Umzumbe, i860 Mrs. Mary L. Clowe, 1890 Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman, i860 Miss Minnehaha A. Clarke, Kamondongo, 1890 Mrs. Mary K. Edwards, Inanda, 1868 EUROPEAN TURKEY MISSION. M iss G ertrude R . H ance, Esidumbini, 1870 Rev. Elias Riggs, d .d ., l l .d ., Constantinople, 183* M iss Laura A . D a y, Am anzim tote, 1870 R ev. Jam es F . C larke, Sam okov, 1859 Rev. Charles W. Kilbon, Amanzimtote, 1873 M rs. Isabella G . C larke, 1859 M rs. M ary B . Kilbon, 1873 Rev. Henry C. Haskell, d .d ., Sam okov, 1862 Miss Martha E. Price, Inanda, 1877 M rs. M argaret.B . H askell, 1862 Rev. George A. Wilder, Umtwalume, 1880 Rev. Lewis Bond, Jr., Monastir, 1868 Mrs. Alice C. Wilder, 1880 Mrs. Fannie G. Bond, 1868 R e v . H erbert D . Goodenough, U m voti, 1881 Rev. William E. Locke, Philippopolis, 1868 M rs. Caroline L . Goodenough, 1881 Mrs. Zoe A. M. Locke, 1868 Rev. Charles W. Holbrook, Mapumulo, 1883 Miss Esther T. Maltbie, Samokov, 1870 M rs. Sarah E . H olbrook, 1883 Rev. George D. Marsh, Philippopolis, 1872 Miss Fidelia Phelps, Inanda, 1884 M rs. U rsula C . M arsh, 1875 Miss Kate Houseman, Umzumbe, 1886 Rev. John W. Baird, Monastir, 1872 Rev. David H. Harris, Ifumi, 1887 M rs. Ellen R . Baird, 1870 Mrs. Euphemia S. Harris, 1888 Rev. J. Henry House, D.D., Samokov, 1872 Rev. Francis W. Bates, Amanzimtote, 1888 M rs. Addie B. H ouse, 1872 Mrs. Laura H. Bates, 1888 Miss Ellen M . Stone, Philippopolis, 1878 Miss Mary E. McComack, Esidumbini, 1889 Rev. Frederick L. Kingsbury, m .d ., Sam okov, 1881 Miss Martha H. Pixley, Amanzimtote, 1889 M rs. Lu ella L . K ingsbury, 1881 Rev. James C. Dorward, Umzumbe, 1890 Rev. Robert Thomson, Constantinople, 1881 M rs. Florence A . Dorward, 1890 Mrs. A gnes C . Thom son, 1881 Rev. Charles N. Ransom, Amanzimtote, 1890 Miss Harriet L. Cole, Monastir, 1883 M rs. Susan H . Ransom, 1890 Miss Mary L. Matthews, Monastir, 1888 EAST CENTRAL AFRICAN MISSION. Miss Mary M. Haskell, Samokov, 1890 Rev. Benjamin F. Ousley, Kambini, 1884 MISSION TO WESTERN TURKEY. Mrs. Henrietta B. Ousley, 1884 Rev. Edwin E. Bliss, d .d ., Constantinople, 1843 Miss Nancy Jones, Kambini, 1888 Rev. John D. Bennett, Kambini, 1890 Mrs. Isabella H . B liss, 1843 M rs. H attie F. Bennett, 1890 Mrs. Catherine Parsons, Adabazar, 1850 Rev. Wilson A. Farnsworth, d .d ., Cesarea, 1852 WEST CENTRAL AFRICAN MISSION. Mrs. Caroline E. Farnsworth, 1852 Rev. William H. Sanders, Kamondongo, 1880 Rev. I. Fayette Pettibone, d .d ., Constantinople, 1855 M rs. M ary J. Sanders, 1882 Rev. Joseph K. Greene, d .d ., Constantinople, 1859 Rev. William E. Fay, Kamondongo, 1882 Mrs. Elizabeth A . Greene, 1859 M rs. Annie M . F ay, 1886 Rev. George F. Herrick, d .d ., M arsovan, 1859 R ev . W esley M . Stover, Bailundu, 1882 M rs. H elen M . H errick, 1859 M rs. Bertha D . Stover, 1882 Rev. John F. Smith, Marsovan, 1863 Rev. Walter T. Currie, Chisamba, 1886 M rs. Sarah E . Smith, 1874 M rs. M arion M . W ebster, Bailundu, 1887 Miss Eliza Fritcher, Marsovan, 1863 Rev. Thomas W. Woodside, Bailundu, 1888 Rev. Moses P. Parmelee, m .d ., Trebizond, 1863 Mrs. Emma D. Woodside, 1888 Mrs. Julia F. Parmelee, 1871 122 Missionaries o f the Board. [Report,

Rev. Theodore A. Baldwin, Broosa, 1867 Mrs. Nancy D. Adams, 1865 Mrs. Matilda J. Baldwin, 1867 Miss Corinna Shattuck, Marash, 1873 Rev. Charles C. Tracy, Marsovan, 1867 Miss Ellen M. Pierce, Aintab, 1874 Mrs. Myra P. Tracy, 1867 Rev. Americus Fuller, D.D., Aintab, 1874 Rev. Lyman Bartlett, Smyrna, 1867 Mrs. Amelia D. Fuller, 1874 Mrs. Cornelia C. Bartlett, 1867 Rev. Thomas D. Christie, Marash, 1877 Miss Sarah A. Closson, Cesarea, 1867 Mrs. Carmelite B. Christie, 1877 Rev. Henry S. Bamum, Constantinople, 1867 Rev. Charles S. Sanders, Aintab, 1879 Mrs. Helen P. Bamum, 1869 Mr. Charles W. Riggs, Aintab, 1880 Rev. Henry O. Dwight, Constantinople, 1867 Mrs. Electa C. Riggs, 1873 Mrs. Isabella H. Dwight, 1887 Rev. Lucius O. Lee, Marash, 1880 Rev. John Edwin Pierce, Bardezag, 1868 Mrs. Clara H. Lee, 1879 Mrs. Lizzie A. Pierce, 1868 Mrs. Etta C. Marden, Marash, 1881 Rev. Edward Riggs, Marsovan, 1869 Miss Henrietta West, Oorfa, 1884 Mrs. Sarah H. Riggs, 1869 Miss Ellen M. Blakely, Marash, 1885 Miss Laura Famham, Adabazar, 1871 Rev. Willis W. Mead, Adana, 1886 Miss Mary M. Patrick, Constantinople, 1871 M rs. H arriet N . M ead, 1880 Miss Phebe L. Cull, Broosa, 1871 Miss Annie D. Graham, Aintab, 1886 Rev. Albert W. Hubbard, Sivas, 1873 Miss Lizzie S. Webb, Adana, 1886 Mrs. Emma R. Hubbard, 1873 Miss Eula G. Bates, Hadjin, 1889 Rev. Charles H. Brooks, Constantinople, 1874 Miss Ida Mellinger, Oorfa, 1890 Mrs. Fannie W. Brooks, 1874 Miss Mary G. Webb, Adana, 1890 Rev. James L. Fowle, Cesarea, 1878 Mrs. Caroline P. Fowle, 1878 MISSION TO EASTERN TURKEY. Miss Laura B. Chamberlin, Sivas, 1879 Rev. Lyndon S. Crawford, Broosa, 1879 Rev. George C. Knapp, Bitlis, 1855 Mrs. Olive N. Crawford, 1881 Mrs. Alzina M. Knapp, 1855 Miss Clarissa D. Lawrence, Smyrna, 1880 Rev. Orson P. Allen, Harpoot, 1855 Miss Fannie E. Burrage, Cesarea, 1880 Mrs. Caroline R. Allen, 1855 Miss Agnes M. Lord, Smyrna, 1881 Rev. Crosby H. Wheeler, d .d ., H arpoot, 1857 Mr. William W . Peet, Constantinople, 1881 Mrs. Susan A. Wheeler, 1857 Mrs. Martha H . Peet, 1881 Rev. Herman N. Bamum, D.D., Harpoot, 1858 Miss Mary P. Wright, Marsovan, 1881 Mrs. Mary E. Bamum, 1859 Mrs. Fannie M. Newell, Constantinople, 1882 Miss Hattie Seymour, Harpoot, 1867 Miss Isabella F. Dodd, Constantinople, 1882 Rev. Alpheus N. Andrus, Mardin, 1868 Miss Mary L. Page, Smyrna, 1882 Mrs. Olive L. Andrus, 1868 Miss Emily McCallum, Smyrna, 1883 Miss Charlotte E. Ely, Bitlis, 1868 Miss Flora A . Fens ham, Constantinople, 1883 Miss M. A. C. Ely, Bidis, 1868 Miss Helen E. Melvin, Constantinople, 1883 Rev. Royal M. Cole, Bitlis, 1868 Rev. James W . Seelye, Constantinople, 1884 Mrs. Lizzie Cole, 1868 Mrs. Laura T. Seelye, 1880 Rev. George C. Raynolds, m .d ., V an, 1869 Rev. Charles A. S. Dwight, Constantinople, 1884 Mrs. Martha W. Raynolds, 1869 Miss Ida W. Prime, Constantinople, 1884 Miss Caroline E. Bush, Harpoot, 1870 1874 Rev. William S. Dodd, m . d . , Cesarea, 18B6 Daniel M. B. Thom, m .d ., M ardin, Mrs. Mary L. Dodd, 1886 Mrs. Helen L. Thom, 1886 Miss Marion E. Sheldon, Adabazar, 1886 Miss Hattie G. Powers, Erzroom, 1875 Rev. James P. McNaughton, Smyrna, 1887 Miss Clarissa H. Pratt, Mardin, 1875 Mrs. Rebecca G. McNaughton, 1885 Rev. John K. Browne, Harpoot, 1875 Miss Jane C. Smith, Marsovan, 1887 Mrs. Leila Browne, 1876 Rev. William F. English, Sivas, 1887 Rev. Willis C. Dewey, Mardin, 1877 Mrs. Janet M. English, 1887 Mrs. Seraphina S. Dewey, 1877 Miss Mary E. Brewer, Sivas, 1888 Rev. Robert Chambers, Erzroom, 1879 Miss Lizzie E. Kirtland, Smyrna, 1889 Mrs. Elizabeth L. Chambers, 1879 Miss Susan H. Olmstead, Constantinople, 1889 Rev. William N. Chambers, Erzroom, 1879 Miss Bertha Smith, Marsovan, 1889 Mrs. Cornelia P. Chambers, 1879 Rev. George E. White, Marsovan, 1890 Miss Emily C. Wheeler, Harpoot, 1880 Mrs. Esther B. White, 1890 Rev. John A. Ainslie, Mardin, 1881 Miss Cornelia S. Bartlett, Smyrna, 1890 Mrs. Ellen D. Ainslie, 1881 Miss Lydia A. Gile, Constantinople, 1890 Rev. C. Frank Gates, Mardin, 1881 Miss Anna B. Jones, Constantinople, 1890 Mrs. Mary E. Gates, 1883 Miss Johanna Zimmer, Cesarea, 1890 Miss Lauraette E. Johnson, Van, 1882 Miss Grace N. Kimball, Van, 1882 Rev. James L. Barton, Harpoot, 1885 MISSION TO CENTRAL TURKEY. Mrs. Flora E. Barton, 1885 Mrs. Josephine L. Coffing, Hadjin, 1857 Miss Mary L. Daniels, Harpoot, 1885 Mrs. Margaret R. Trowbridge, Aintab, 1861 Miss Maria G. Nutting, Mardin, 1886 Mrs. Emily R. Montgomery, Adana, 1863 Rev. David A . Richardson, Erzroom, 1888 Rev. Lucien H. Adams, Kessab, 1865 Mrs. Myra E. Richardson, 1888 1890.] Missionaries o f the Board. 123

Miss Alice Heald, Harpoot, 1888 Rev. James C. Perkins, Arrupukottai, 1885 Miss Emma M. Barnum, Harpoot, 1889 M rs. Charlotte J. Perkins, 1885 Miss Ellen R. Ladd, Van, 1889 Miss Pauline Root, m.d ., M adura, 1885 Miss Abi L. Preston, M.D., Erzroom, 1889 Miss Hattie A. Houston, Madura, 1886 Rev. Frederic D. Greene, Van, 1890 Miss Caroline S. Bell, Battalagundu, 1887 Mrs. Sarah A. Greene, 1890 M iss D ency T . M . Root, M adura, 1887 Rev. George P. Knapp, Bitlis, 1890 M iss M ary M . Root, M adura, 1887 Mrs. Anna J. Knapp, 1890 Rev. Frank Van Allen, m .d ., M adura, 1888 Rev. Frederic W. Macallum, Erzroom, 1890 Mrs. Harriet D. Van Allen, 1888 Mrs. Henrietta M. Macallum, 1890 Rev. Robert Humphrey, Pasumalai, 1889 M rs. O live A . H um phrey, 1889 MARATHI MISSION. Rev. Franklin E. Jeffery, Madura, 1890

Rev. Samuel B. Fairbank, d .d ., W adale, 1846 Mrs. Capitola M . Jeffery, 1890 Rev. Lemuel Bissell, d .d ., Ahmednagar, 1851 Miss Bessie B. Noyes, Madura, 1890 Mrs. Mary E. Bissell, 1851 CEYLON MISSION. Rev. Charles Harding, Sholapur, 1856 Mrs. Elizabeth D. Harding, 1869 Rev. William W. Howland, Oodooville, 1845 Rev. Henry J. Bruce, Satara, 1862 Mrs. Anna C. Hastings, Manepy, 1846 Mrs. Hepzibeth P. Bruce, 1862 Rev. Thomas S. Smith, Tillipally, 1871 Rev. Richard Winsor, Sirur, 1870 Mrs. Emily M. Smith, 1871 Mrs. Mary C. Winsor, 1870 Samuel W. Howland, d .d ., Batticotta, 1873 Rev. Robert A. Hume, Ahmednagar, 1874 M rs. M ary E . K . Howland, 1873 Mrs. Katie F. Hume, 1882 M iss Susan R . H owland, Oodooville, 1873 Rev. William 0 . Ballantine, m.d., Rahuri, 1875 R ev . Richard C . H astings, Oodoopitty_, 1879 Mrs. Josephine L. Ballantine, 1885 Mrs. Minnie B. Hastings, 1882 Rev. Edward S. Hume, Bombay, 1875 Miss Kate E. Hastings, Manepy, 1882 Mrs. Charlotte E. Hume, 1875 Rev. Lorin S. Gates, Sholapur, 1875 HONG KONG MISSION. Mrs. Frances A. Gates, 1875 Rev. James Smith, Ahmednagar, 1879 Rev. Charles R. Hager, Hong Kong, 1883 Mrs. Maud Smith, 1879 Rev. John R. Taylor, Hong Kong, 1890 Rev. Justin E. Abbott, Bombay, 1881 M rs. Lillian L . T ay lo r, 1890 Rev. Henry Fairbank, Ahmednagar, 1886 FOOCHOW MISSION. Mrs. Ruby E. Fairbank, 1882 Mrs. Minnie C. Sibley, Satara, 1886 Rev. C. C. Baldwin, d .d ., Foochow, 1847 Miss Emily R. Bissell, Ahmednagar, 1886 Mrs. H arriet F . Baldwin, 1847 Miss Elizabeth M. Lyman, Bombay, 1887 R ev . Charles H artw ell, Foochow, 1852 Miss Anna L. Millard, Bombay, 1887 M rs. H annah L . H artw ell, 1858 Miss Anstice Abbott, Bombay, 1888 Rev. Simeon F. Woodin, Foochow Suburbs, 1859 Mr. Robert McCullough, Ahmednagar, 1888 Mrs. Sarah L . W oodin, 1859 Miss Harriet L. Bruce, Ahmednagar, 1889 Rev. Joseph E. Walker, Shao-wu, 1872 R ev. Corliss W . L a y , Ahm ednagar, 1890 Mrs. Adelaide C . W alker, 1872 M rs. Lilian B. L a y, 1890 Henry T. Whitney, m .d ., Shao-wu, 1877 M iss Jean P. Gordon, Satara, 1890 Mrs. Lurie Ann Whitney, 1877 Miss Belle Nugent, Ahmednagar, 1890 Miss Ella J. Newton, Foochow Suburbs, 1878 Miss Elsie M. Garretson, Foochow Suburbs, 1880 MADURA MISSION. Miss Emily S. Hartwell, Foochow, 1883 Rev. George H. Hubbard, Foochow Suburbs, 1884 Rev. John E. Chandler, Battalagundu, 1846 M rs. N ellie L . Hubbard, 1884 M rs. Charlotte H . Chandler, 1846 Miss Kate C. Woodhull, m .d ., Foochow, 1884 Rev. Joseph T. Noyes, Kodikanal, 1848 Miss Hannah C. Woodhull, Foochow, 1884 Mrs. Martha J. Noyes, 1881 Rev. Lyman P. Peet, Foochow, 1888 Rev. Edward Chester, m .d ., D indigul, 1858 M rs. Caroline K . Peet, 1887 M rs. Sophia Chester, 1858 Rev. George M. Gardner, Shao-wu, 1889 Rev. George T. Washburn, d .d ., Pasumalai, i860 Mrs. Mary J. Gardner, 1889 Mrs. Eliza E. Washburn, i860 Hardman A. Kinnear, m .d ., Foochow, 1889 Rev. John S. Chandler, Madura, 1873 Mrs. H annah J. K innear, 1889 Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler, 1877 Rev. James E. Tracy, Tirumangalam, 1877 MISSION TO NORTH CHINA. Mrs. Fannie S. Tracy, 1877 Rev. John P. Jones, Madura, 1878 Rev. Henry Blodget, d .d ., P ekin g, 1854 Mrs. Sarah A. Jones, 1878 Mrs. Sarah F. R. Blodget, 1854 Rev. George H. Gutterson, Melur, 1879 Rev. Charles A. Stanley, Tientsin, 1862 Mrs. Emma W. Gutterson, 1879 Mrs. U rsula Stanley, 1862 Miss Gertrude A. Chandler, Battalagundu, 1879 R ev. Chauncey Goodrich, Tung-cho, 1865 Rev. Hervey C. Hazen, Mana-madura, 1867 M rs. Sarah B. Goodrich, 1879 Mrs. Hattie A. Hazen, 1884 Rev. Mark Williams, Kalgan, 1866 Miss Eva M. Swift, Madura, 1884 Mrs. Isabella B. Williams, 1866 124 Missionaries o f the Board. [Report,

Rev. Devello Z. Sheffield, Tung-cho, 1869 JAPAN MISSION. Mrs. Eleanor W. Sheffield, 1869 Miss Naomi Diament, Kalgan, 1870 Rev. Orramel H.Gulick, Kumamoto, 1870 Rev. Isaac Pierson, Pao-ting-fu, 1870 Mrs. Ann E. Gulick, 1870 Mrs. Flora H. Pierson, 1883 Rev. Jerome D. Davis, d .d ., K yoto, 1871 Miss Jane E. Chapin, Peking, 1871 Mrs. Frances H. Davis, 1883 Rev. Henry D. Porter, m . d . , Pang-Chuang, 1872 John C. Berry, m .d ., K yoto, 1872 Mrs. Elizabeth C. Porter, 1879 M rs. M aria E . B erry, 1872 Rev. Arthur H. Smith, Pang-Chuang, 1872 Rev. M. L. Gordon, d .d ., K yoto, 1872 Mrs. Emma J. Smith, 1872 M rs. A gn es H . Gordon, 1872 Miss Jane G. Evans, Tung-cho, 1872 R ev. John L . A tkinson, Kobe, 1873 Rev. William P. Sprague, Kalgan, 1874 Mrs. Carrie E. Atkinson, 1873 Mrs. Margaret S. Sprague, 1874 Miss Eliza Talcott, Kyoto, 1873 Rev. William S. Ament, Peking, 1877 Miss Julia E. Dudley, Kobe, 1873 Mrs. Mary A. Ament, 1877 Rev. Wallace Taylor, M.D., Osaka, 1873 Rev. James H . Roberts, Kalgan, 1877 Mrs. Mary F. Taylor, 1873 Mrs. Grace L. Roberts, 1877 Miss Julia A. E. Gulick, Kumamoto, 1874 Miss Ada Haven, Peking, 1879 R ev . D w ight W . Learned, PH.D., K yoto, 1875 Rev. Franklin M. Chapin, Lin-Ching, 1880 Mrs. Florence H. Learned, 1875 Mrs. Flora M . Chapin, 1880 Miss Martha J. Barrows, Kobe, 1876 Albert P. Peck, m .d ., Pang-Chuang, 1880 Rev. John T. Gulick, Osaka, 1878 Mrs. Celia F. Peck, 1880 Mrs. Frances A. Gulick, 1875 Miss Virginia C. Murdock, m.d ., K algan, 1881 R ev . O tis C ary, O saka, 1878 Rev. Henry P. Perkins, Lin-Ching, 1882 Mrs. Ellen M. Cary, 1878 M is. Estella A. Perkins, m .d ., 1886 Rev. James H. Pettee, Okayama, 1878 Rev. Harlan P. Beach, Tung-cho, 1883 M rs. Isabella W . Pettee, 1878 Mrs. Lucy L. Beach, 1883 Miss Fannie A. Gardner, Tsu, 1878 Rev. Edward E. Aiken, Peking, 1885 Miss Abbie M. Colby, Tsu, 1879 Charles P. W. Merritt, m .d ., Pao-ting-fu, 1885 M iss A nna Y . D avis, Kobe, 1879 Mis. Anna C. Merritt, 1885 Rev. George Allchin, Osaka, 1882 Mr. Henry J. Bostwick, Tientsin, 1887 Mrs. Nellie M. Allchin, 1882 Mrs. Amelia L. Bostwick. 1887 Miss Emily M. Brown, Kobe, 1882 James H . Ingram, m .d ., Tung-cho, 1887 Miss Adelaide Doughaday, Osaka, 1883 Mrs. Sallie V. Ingram, 1887 Miss Susan A. Searle, Kobe, 1883 Miss Luella Miner, Tung-cho, 1887 Rev. Chauncey M. Cady, Kyoto, 1882 Miss H. Grace Wyckoff, Pang-Chuang, 1887 Mrs. Virginia A. Cady, 1877 Miss E. Gertrude Wyckoff, Pang-Chuang, 1887 Miss Effie B. Gunnison, Matsuyama, 1885 Rev. Henry Kingman, Tientsin, 1888 Rev. George M. Rowland, Tottori, 1886 Mrs. Annie L. Kingman, 1890 Mrs. Helen A. Rowland, 1886 Rev. Hugh W. Fraser, Pao-ting-fu, 1889 Rev. Arthur W. Stanford, Kyoto, 1886 Mrs. Susan Fraser, 1889 Mrs. Jane H . Stanford, 1886 Mrs. J. Lillian McBride, Kalgan, 1889 Mr. Edmund Buckley, Kyoto, 1886 Miss Mary S. Morrill, Pao-ting-fu, 1889 Mrs. Sara C. Buckley, m .d ., 1886 Miss Mary E. Stanley, Tientsin, 1889 Rev. Frank N. White, Tsu, 1886 1886 Edward R. Wagner, m .d ., Lin-Ching, 1889 Mrs. Jennie A. White, 1886 Mrs. Myrtie C. Wagner, 1889 Miss Cornelia Judson, Matsuyama, Rev. Elwood G. Tewksbury, Tung-cho, 1890 Samuel C. Bartlett, Jr., Kyoto, 1887 Mrs. Grace H. Tewksbury, 1890 Rev. Cyrus A. Clark, Kumamoto, 1887 Miss Nellie N. Russell, Peking, 1890 Mrs. Harriet M. Clark, 1887 Miss Almona Gill, Okayama, 1887 Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, Kumamoto, 1887 SHANSI MISSION. Mrs. Cara M. Gulick, 1887 Miss Mary Poole, Osaka, 1887 Rev. Ireneus J. Atwood, m .d ., Fen-chow-fu, 1882 Miss Mary E. Wainwright, Kyoto, 1887 Mrs. Annette W . Atwood, 1882 R ev . George E . A lb rech t, K y o to , 1887 Rev. Francis M. Price, Fen-chow-fu, 1883 M rs. Leonora B. A lbrecht, 1887 Mrs. Sarah J. Price, 1883 M iss A nnie L . H ow e, K obe, 1887 Rev. Dwight H. Clapp, Tai-ku, 1884 Miss Ida A. McLennan, Okayama, 1887 Mrs. Mary J. Clapp, 1884 Miss M. Louise Graves, Kobe, 1887 Rev. James B. Thompson, Fen-chow-fu, 1885 M iss M artha J. C lark, Kum am oto, 1887 Rev. Francis W. Davis, Tai-ku, 1889 Miss Mary F. Denton, Kyoto, 1888 Mrs. Lydia C. Davis, 1889 Miss Florence White, Kyoto, 1888 James Goldsbury, Jr., m . d ., Tai-ku, 1889 Miss Ida V. Smith, Kyoto, 1888 Mrs. Mary G. Goldsbury, 1889 Miss Mary B. Daniels, Osaka, 1889 Rpv. Charles W. Price, Tai-ku, 1889 Miss Fannie E. Griswold, Kumamoto, 1889 Mrs. Eva J. Price, 1889 Miss Mary A. Holbrook, m .d ., Tottori, 1889 Miss Rowena Bird, Tai-ku, 1890 Miss Cora A. Stone, Tottori, 1880 Miss Tinnie D ’Etta Hewitt, Tai-ku, 1890 Rev. Claude M. Severance, Tottori, 1890 1890.] Missionaries o f the Board. 125

Rev. Schuyler S. White, Okayama, 1890 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Mr. Arthur T. Hill, Kobe, 1890 Rev. Charles M. Hyde, d . d ., Honolulu, 187; Mrs. Louise E. Hill, 1890 Mrs. Mary Knight Hyde, 1873 Miss Caroline M. Telford, Osaka, 1890 Rev. William D. Westervelt, Wailuku, 1885 Mrs. Clara L. Westervelt, 1885 NORTHERN JAPAN MISSION.

Rev. Daniel C. Greene, D .D ., Tokyo , 1869 MISSION TO WESTERN MEXICO. Mrs. Mary J. Greene, 1869 Rev. John Howland, Guadalajara, 1882 Rev. John H. DeForest, D .D ., Sendai, 1874 Mrs. Sarah B. Howland, 1882 Mrs. Sarah E. DeForest, 1874 Miss Belle M. Haskins, Guadalajara, 1882 Rev. William W. Curtis, Sendai, 1877 Mrs. Lydia V. Curtis, 1886 MISSION TO NORTHERN MEXICO. Rev. Doremus Scudder, m .d ., N iigata, 1884 Mrs. Eliza C. Scudder, 1887 Rev. James D. Eaton, Chihuahua, 1882 Rev. Horatio B. Newell, Nagaoka, 1887 Mrs. Gertrude C. Eaton, 1882 Mrs. Jane C. Newell, 1888 Rev. Matthew A. Crawford, Hermosillo, 1882 Miss Mathilde H. Meyer, Sendai, 1887 M rs. H arriet J. Crawford, 1882 Miss Gertrude Cozad, Niigata, 1888 Rev. Henry M. Bissell, Parral, 1882 Miss Annie H. Bradshaw, Sendai, 1889 M rs. E lla M . Bissell, 1882 Rev. Hilton Pedley, Niigata, 1889 R ev. Alden B. Case, Parral, 1884 Rev. William L. Curtis, Sendai, 1890 j M rs. M yra G . Case, 1884 Mrs. Gertrude A. Curtis, 1890 Rev. Alfred C. Wright, Ciudad Juarez, 1886 Miss Clara L. Brown, Niigata, 1890 Mrs. Annie C. Wright, 1886 M iss Elizabeth Torrey, Niigata, 1890 Miss Ellen O. Prescott, Chihuahua, 1888 Miss Mary Dunning, Chihuahua, 1889 MICRONESIAN MISSION. Rev. Otis C. Olds, Ciudad Juarez, 1S90

Rev. Hiram Bingham, at Honolulu, 1856 Mrs. Clara B. Bingham, 1856 MISSION TO SPAIN. Mrs. Mary E. Logan, Ruk, 1874 Rev. William H. Gulick, San Sebastian, 1871 Rev. Frank E. Rand, Ponape, 1874 Mrs. Alice Gordon Gulick, 1871 Mrs. Carrie T. Rand, 1874 Miss Catherine H. Barbour, San Sebastian, 1887 Rev. Edmund M. Pease, m . d . , Kusaie, 1877 Mrs. Harriet A. Pease, 1877 MISSION TO AUSTRIA. Rev. Alfred C. Walkup, Kusaie, 1880 Miss J. Estella Fletcher, Ponape, 1882 Rev. Albert W. Clark, Prague, 1872 Miss Annette A. Palmer, Ponape, 1884 M rs. R uth E . C lark, 1884 Miss E. Theodora Crosby, Kusaie, 1886 Miss Sarah L. Smith, Kusaie, 1886 FORMER MISSIONARIES RESIDENT AT Rev. Alfred Snelling, Ruk, 1888 THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Mrs. Elizabeth M. Snelling, 1889 Miss Alice C. Little, Kusaie, 1888 Mrs. Sarah B. Lyman, Hilo, 1831 Mrs. Rachel C. Forbes, Kusaie, 1889 Rev. Lowell Smith, d .d . , H onolulu, 1832 Rev. Irving M. Channon, Kusaie, 1890 M rs. M ary E. Parker, H onolulu, 1832 Mrs. Mary L. Channon, 1890 R ev . Elias Bond, Kohala, 1841 Miss Ida C. Foss, Ponape, 1890 Rev. J. D. Paris, Honolulu, 1841 Miss Jessie R. Hoppin, Kusaie, 1890 M rs. M ary C. Paris, 1851 Miss Rose M. Kinney, Ruk, 1890 M rs. M elicent K . Smith, K oloa, 1842 126 Corporate Members o f the Board. [Report,

CORPORATE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD.

[The names under each State are arranged according to date of election.]

Maine. 1875. A. Lyman Williston, Esq., Northampton. 1875. M. McG. Dana, d .d ., Low ell. 1870. Joseph S. Wheelwright, Esq., Bangor. 1876. Julius H. Seelye, d .d ., l l .d ., Am herst. 1877. Hon. Joseph Titcomb, Kennebunk. 1876. Charles C. Burr, Esq., Aubumdale. 1880. H on. Jam es W . B radbury, A ugusta. 1876. Elbridge Torrey, Esq., Boston. 1883. W illiam H . Fenn, d . d . , Portland. 1876. Henry E. Sawyer, Esq., Mt. Hernaon. 1884. R ev . W illiam P . Fisher, Brunsw ick. 1877. William H. Willcox, d .d ., M alden. 1890. G alen C . M oses, E sq ., Bath. 1877. Jonathan L. Jenkins, d .d ., Pittsfield. 1877. Sewall G. Mack, Esq., Lowell. New Hampshire. 1877. Thomas J. Borden, Esq., Fall River. 1879. C yrus H am lin, d .d ., l l .d ., Lexington. i860. Samuel C. Bartlett, d .d . , l l .d ., H anover. 1879. Elnathan E. Strong, d .d ., Aubumdale. 1864. Hon. John W. Noyes, Chester. 1881. William O. Grover, Esq., Boston. 1867. Alonzo H. Quint, d .d ., D over. 1881. Albert H. Plumb, d .d ., Boston Highlands. 1881. Franklin D. Ayer, d .d . , Concord. 1882. Judson Sm ith, d . d ., Boston. 1890. E . P . K im ball, E sq ., Portsm outh. 1882. Hon. Robert R. Bishop, Newton Centre. 1890. Hon. John J. Bell, Exeter. 1882. Franklin Carter, l l .d ., Williamstown. Vermont. 1882. Hon. James White, Williamstown. 1883. Samuel B. Capen, E sq ., Boston. 1869. Charles F. Thompson, Esq., Bratdeborough. 1883. H on. W illiam P . Ellison, N ewton.

1870. Edward Hawes, d . d . , Burlington. 1884. H on. W illiam H . H aile, Springfield. d d 1877. Matthew H . Buckham, d . d . , Burlington. 1885. M ichael Burnham , . ., Springfield. 1877. Rev. H. Fairbanks, P H .D ., St. Johnsbury. 1885. John Lincoln Barry, Esq., Dorchester. 1886. R ev . Charles A . D ickinson, Boston. 1880. W illiam S. Sm art, d .d . , Brandon.

1886. George W . P hillips, d . d ., Rutland. r886. G. Henry Whitcomb, Esq., Worcester. 1889. Hon. Franklin Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury. 1887. George F. Pentecost, d .d ., Northfield. 1890. Charles W. Osgood, Esq., Bellow* Falls. 1887. Edward A. Studley, Esq., Boston. 1887. H om er M erriam , E sq ., Springfield. Massachusetts. 1887. Arthur Little, D.D., Dorchester. 1887. Moses A. Herrick, Esq., Winchester. 1849. Augustus C. Thompson, d . d . , Boston. 1887. A lexand er M cK en zie, d .d ., Cambridge. 1854. James M. Gordon, Esq., Aubumdale. 1888. Francis E . C lark, d .d ., Aubumdale. 1863. Edwards A. Park, d . d . , Andover. 1888. R ev . Payson W . Lym an, Fall R iver. 1865. Nathaniel George Clark, d . d ., Boston. 1889. Charles C . Creegan, d .d ., Boston. 1865. Langdon S. Ward, Esq., Boston. 1889. Albert E . D unning, d .d ., Jamaica Plain. 1867. Daniel T. Fiske, d . d . , Newburyport. 1889. D aniel M arch, d .d ., W oburn.

1867. Joshua W. Wellman, d . d . , M alden. 1889. Lym an S. Row land, d .d ., Lee.

1869. Edm uiid K . A lden, d . d . , Boston. 1889. Rev. David N. Beach, Cambridgeport. 1870. W illiam E . M errim an, d .d . , Boston. 1889. A . G . Cum nock, E sq ., Low ell. 1870. Hon. Joseph S. Ropes, Boston. 1889. Hon. J. M. W. Hall, Cambridge. 1871. Samuel G. Buckingham, d . d ., Springfield. 1890. H en ry D . H yd e, E sq ., Boston.

1871. Edwin B. Webb, d . d . , W ellesley. 1890. R ev . John R . Thurston, W hitinsville. 1871. Ebenezer Cutler, D .D ., W orcester. 1890. John D . K in gsb ury, D.D., Bradford. 1871. Hon. Charles T. Russell, Cambridge. 1890. Edwin H . B aker, E sq ., W are. 1871. John N. Denison, Esq., Boston. | 1890. Thomas W eston, E sq ., N ewton. 1871. George R. Chapman, Esq., Boston. 1890. R ev . H erbert W . Lathe, Northam pton.

1871. Theron H. Hawks, d . d ., Springfield. 1890. E zra A . Stevens, E sq ., M alden. 1873. Thomas P. Field, D .D ., Am herst. 1874. A. E. P. Perkins, d . d . , W orcester. Rhode Island. 1874. Daniel L. Furber, d . d . , Newton Centre. 1874. Richard H. Steams, Esq., Boston. 1867. Hon. Amos C. Bars tow, Providence. 1874. Philip L. Moen, Esq., Worcester. 1870. Thatcher T h ayer, d .d ., N ew port. 1874. Samuel Johnson, Esq., Boston. 1871. Rowland Hazard, Esq., Peacedale.

1875. Egbert C. Smyth, d . d . , Andover. 1875. Thomas Laurie, d .d ., Providence. 1875. Rev. John W. Harding, Longmeadow. 1877. James G. Vose, d .d ., Providence. 1875. Hon. Arthur W. Tufts, Boston Highlands. 1885. R oyal C . T aft, E sq ., Providence. 1875. Samuel D. Smith, Esq., West Roxbury. ; 1888. Francis W . Carpenter, Esq., Providence. 1890.] Corporate Members o f the Board.

Connecticut. Alabama. 1870. John N. Stickney, Esq., Rockville. 1877. Henry S. DeForest, d .d ., Talladega. 1871. Noah Porter, d .d . , l l . d ., N ew H aven. 1871. Hon. Benjamin Douglas, Middletown. Louisiana. 1871. Charles R. Palmer, d . d ., Bridgeport. 1883. H enry L . H ubbell, d .d ., Lake Charles. 1876. Burdett H art, d . d ., N ew H aven. 1877. Hon. Nathaniel Shipman, Hartford. Ohio. 1877. Rev. Joseph W. Backus, Plainville. 1853. Douglas Putnam, Esq., Harmar. 1877. Jonathan N. Harris, Esq., New London. 1870. James H . Fairchild, d .d ., Oberlin. 1877. Robbins Battell, Esq., Norfolk. 1870. William J. Breed, Esq., Cincinnati. 1877. George L. Walker, d . d . , Hartford. 1870. H iram C . H aydn, d .d ., l l .d ., Cleveland. 1877. James G. Johnson, d . d . , New London. 1873. Hon. Francis C. Sessions, Columbus. 1880. H on. Robert C oit, N ew London. 1877. Calvin B. Hulbert, d .d ., Zanesville. 1881. Lewis A . Hyde, Esq., Norwich. 1884. Jam es Brand, d .d ., Oberlin. 1882. A zel W . H azen , d . d . , Middletown. 1884. Charles F . T hw in g, d .d ., Cleveland. 1882. Elbert B . M onroe, E sq ., Southport. 1887. G eorge R . L eavitt, d .d ., Cleveland. 1884. James W . Cooper, d . d . , New Britain. 1888. W ashington G ladden, d .d ., Columbus. 1885. G eorge P . Fisher, d .d ., N ew H aven. 1889. R ev . W illiam H . W arren, Cincinnati. 1887. Rowland Swift, Esq., Hartford. 1890. W alter A . M ahony, E sq ., Columbus. 1888. H on. Chester H olcom be, H artford.

1889. Lew ellyn Pratt, d .d . , N orwich. Indiana. 1889. Chester D . H artranft, d . d . , Hartford. 1889. W illiam A . Slater. E sq ., N orwich. 1867. Samuel H. Potter, Esq., Terre Haute. 1889. Charles A . Jew ell, E sq ., H artford. 1874. Nathaniel A. Hyde, d .d ., Indianapolis.

1890. S . L e R o y B lake, d .d . , New London.

1890. Edw in C . B issell, d .d . , H artford. Illinois. 1890. H on. N . D . Sperry, N ew H aven. 1851. Robert W. Patterson, d .d ., Chicago. 1890. S. H . H ow e, d .d . , Norwich. i86y. George N. Boardman, d .d ., Chicago.

1871. Edward P. Goodwin, d . d . , Chicago. New York. 1871. E. W . Blatchford, Esq., Chicago. 1846. Hon. Calvin T. Hulburd, Brasher Falls. 1871. Ralph Emerson, Esq., Rockford. 1863. Richard S. Storrs, d . d . , l l .d . , Brooklyn. 1871. Simon J. Humphrey, d .d ., Chicago. 1863. Zebuion S. Ely, Esq., New York City. 1871. Henry M. Scudder, d .d ., Chicago. 1864. Louis Chapin, Esq., Rochester. 1875. Charles H. Bull, Esq., Quincy. 1871. D. Willis James, Esq., New York City. 1876. James W. Scovill, Esq., Oak Park. 1871. Gen. O. O. Howard, New York City. 1876. Frederick A. Noble, d .d ., Chicago. 1872. L . H enry Cobb, d . d . , New York City. 1876. Rev. Moses Smith, Glencoe. 1873. William M. Taylor, d . d ., New York City. 1877. Charles H. Case, Esq., Chicago. 1874. George B. Safford, d . d ., Tremont, New York 1877. M. K. Whittlesey, d .d ., O ttaw a. City. 1878. Franklin W . Fisk, d .d ., Chicago. 1876. Rev. E. N. Packard, Syracuse. 1878. J. K . Scarborough, E sq ., Payson. 1882. A . J. F . Behrends, d . d . , Brooklyn. 1880. John L . W ithrow , d .d ., Chicago. 1882. Frank R ussell, d . d . , New York City. 1881. Samuel W. Eaton, d.d ., Roscoe. 1884. James P. Wallace, Esq., Brooklyn. 1883. W illiam H . R ice, E sq ., C hicago. 1885. M. E. Strieby, d .d ., New York City. 1884. W illiam E . H ale, E sq., Chicago. 1887. Thomas B. McLeod, d . d . , Brooklyn. 1886. R ev. Edward M . W illiam s, Chicago. 1887. John F. Anderson, Jr., Esq., Brooklyn. 1888. G . S. F . S avage, d .d ., Chicago. 1887. John H. Washburn, Esq., New York City. 1889. E . F . W illiam s, d .d ., Chicago. 1887. William E. Park, d . d . , Gloversville. 1889. W illiam H . Bradley, E sq ., Chicago. 1888. Frank P. W oodbury, d .d ., New York City. 1890. T . D . Robertson, E sq ., Rockford. 1888. W illiam H . Thom son, m . d . , New York City. 1889. John D . C utter, E sq ., Brooklyn. Michigan.

1890. W . A . Robinson, d . d . , H omer. 1867. Philo R. Hurd, d .d ., D etroit. 1890. S. H . V irgin, d . d ., New York City. 1871. Hon. Philo Parsons, Detroit. 1890. D avid G regg, d . d . , Brooklyn. 1876. Zachary E ddy, d .d ., Detroit. New Jersey. 1882. Jam es B. A n gell, l l .d ., Ann Arbor. 1883. Horatio Q . Butterfield, d .d ., O livet. d . d . , 1867. Henry M . Storrs, Orange. 1886. A . H astings Ross, d .d ., Port Huron. 1870. Samuel Holmes, Esq., Montclair. 1886. H on. B yron M . Cutcheon, M anistee. 1890. R ev. W . W . Jordan, Bound Brook. 1889. R ev. W illiam A . W aterm an, Kalam azoo.

Pennsylvania. Wisconsin. 1873. George L. Weed, Esq., Philadelphia. 1876. Edward H . M errill, d .d ., Ripon. District of Columbia. 1883. H on. Edward D . H olton, M ilwaukee. 1887. Elijah Swift, E sq ., Eau Claire. d .d ., 1877. E . Whittlesey, Washington. 1889. Edward D . Eaton, d .d ., Beloit. d d 1890. J. E. Rankin, . ., Washington, 1890. G eorge H . Ide, d .d ., Milwaukee. 128 Corporate Members o f the Board. [Report,.

Minnesota. North Dakota.

1871. James W. Strong, d . d . , Northfield. 1890. R ev . George B . B am es, Fargo. 1889. D avid C . Bell, E sq ., M inneapolis. 1890. George H . R u st, E sq ., M inneapolis. Colorado.

1890. A lb ert H . H eath, d . d . , S t. P aul. 1873. Howard Z. Culver, Esq., Denver.

Iowa. Oregon. 1867. Alden B. Robbins, d .d ., Muscatine. 1890. R ev . T . Eaton Clapp, Portland. 1867. Hon. John G. Foote, Burlington. 1870. George F. Magoun, d .d . , Grinnell. Washington. 1871. Hon. Samuel Merrell, Des Moines. 1887. Rev. George A. Tewksbury, Seattle. 1882. R ev . G eorge H . W hite, Grinnell. 1890. Hon. Aaron Kimball, Cresco. California.

Missouri. 1851. John C. Holbrook, d . d ., Stockton.

1865. Andrew L. Stone, d .d ., San Francisco. i860. John B. Johnson, M .D ., S t. Louis. 1870. Jesse W . H ou gh , d . d . , Santa Barbara. 1876. Henry A. Sdmson, d . d . , St. Louis. 1871. John K. McLean, d . d . , Oakland. 1888. H en ry H opkins, d . d . , Kansas City. 1873. John E . Todd, d . d . , Riverside. Kansas. 1876. Edward P. Flint, Esq., Oakland. 1878. Robert G . H utchins, d . d . , L o s Angeles, 1874. Richard Cordley, d .d ., Law rence. 1882. George Mooar, d .d . , Oakland.

Nebraska. Canada.

1889. Alexander R . T hain, d . d . , Omaha. 1880. W illiam M . Barbour, d . d . , M ontreal.

South Dakota. Hawaiian Islands.

1890. R ev . H . D . W iard, M itchell. 1883. Edward G . Beckw ith, d .d . , H onolulu. i 89o.] Members Deceased or Resigned. 129

CORPORATE MEMBERS DECEASED OR RESIGNED.

FROM THE BEGINNING UNTIL JANUARY 1, 1890.

[The names under each State are arranged according to date of decease or resignation.]

Death or Death o r Election. Resignation. Election. Resignation^ Maine. Massachusetts.

1813. Jesse Appleton, d . d . 1820 1810. Samuel H . W alley, r. 1811

1826. Edward Payson, d .d . 1828 1810. Samuel Spring, d . d . 1819 1842. D avid D unlap, 1843 1810. Samuel Worcester, d . d . 1821 1813. Gen. Henry Sewall, 1845 1818. Zephaniah Swift M oore, d .d . 1823 1842. W illiam Richardson, 1847 1811. Jedidiah Morse, d . d . 1826 1842. Eliphalet Gillett, d . d . 1849 1812. Hon. William Phillips, 1827 1836. Levi Cutter, 1856 1810. Joseph Lym an, d . d . 1828 i 845- Asa Cummings, d . d . 1856 1823. Edward A. Newton, r. 1828 1838. John W. Ellingwood, D.D. i860 1812. Hon. John Hooker, 1829 1838. Benjamin Tappan, D.D. 1864 1812. Jeremiah Evarts, 1831 1842. W illiam T . D w ight, d . d . 1866 1822. Samuel Austin, d .d . 1831 1851. George F. Patten, Esq. 1869 1831. Elias Cornelius, d .d . 1832 1871. William Warren, d . d . 1879 1828. Benjamin B. Wisner, d .d . 1835 1832. Enoch Pond, d . d ., r. 1879 1818. Hon. William Reed, 1837 1870. John O. Fiske, d . d ., r. 1884 1831. W arren F ay, d .d . , r . 1839 1864. John J. Carruthers, d .d ., r. 1885 1810. William Bartlett, 1841 1856. William W . Thom as, r. 1889 1S42. Rev. Daniel Crosby, 1843 1821. Samuel Hubbard, l l . d . 1848 New Hampshire. 1826. John Codman, d . d . 1848 1812. John Langdon, l l . d . 1820 1832. Hon. Samuel T. Armstrong, 1850 1812. Seth Payson, d . d . 1820 1826. Hon. Lewis Strong, r. 1852 1820. H on. Thom as W . Thompson, 1822 1835. Daniel Noyes, 1852 1830. Hon. George Sullivan, 1838 1839. Bela B. Edwards, d . d . 1852 1820. John Hubbard Church, d . d . 1840 1842. H011. Alfred D . Foster, 1852 1842. Hon. Mills Olcott, 1845 1826. Justin Edwards, d .d . 1853 1842. R ev. Archibald Burgess, 1850 1819. Leonard Woods, d . d . 1854 1840. Hon. Edmund Parker, 1856 1821. Joshua Bates, d . d . 1854 1840. Hon. David Mack, 1838. Samuel Fletcher, !859 1854 1842. R ev. John W oods, 1861 1851. Hon. Daniel SafFord, 1856 1832. Nathan Lord, d . d . 1870 1840. Daniel Dana, d . d . 1839 1862. Edward Spaulding, m . d ., r. 1870 1823. Heman Humphrey, d .d . 1861 1840. Zedekiah S. Barstow, d . d . 1873 1838. Thom as Snell, d . d . 1862 1862. Alvan Tob ey, d . d . 1874 1845. Hon. William J. Hubbard, 1865 1842. John K . Y oung, d . d . 1875 1832. R ev. D avid Greene, 1866 1842. Benjamin Labaree, d . d ., r . 1876 1840. Alfred Ely, d .d . 1866 1859. H on. W illiam H aile, 1876 1840. Horatio Bardwell, d . d . 1866 1858. Asa D. Smith, d .d . 1877 1847. Samuel M. Worcester, d . d . 1866 1857. Nathaniel Bouton, d .d . 1878 1834. R ev. Sylvester Holm es, 1867 1871. Joseph B. Walker, Esq., r. 1881 1840. William Jenks, D.D. 1867 1848. Hon. Samuel H. Walley, r. 1867 Vermont. 1850. Hon. John Aiken, 1867 1818. Hon. Charles Marsh, 1849 1812. William Allen, d . d . 1868 1840. William Page, 1850 1843. Swan L. Pomroy,D.D. 1869 1838. John Wheeler, d .d . 1862 1852. William Ropes, Esq. 1869 1842. Hon. Erastus Fairbanks, 1865 1855. Amos Blanchard, D.D. 1869 1859. Lewis H. Delano, 1867 1828. Henry Hill, Esq., r. 1870 1839. Silas Aiken, d . d . 1869 1845. Hon. Linus Child, 1870 1838. Charles Walker, d . d ., r. 1870 1827. John Tappan, Esq. 1871 1842. Rev. Joseph Steele, 1872 1842. Ebenezer Burgess, d .d . 1871 1867. Thaddeus Fairbanks, Esq., r. 1877 1842. John Nelson, d . d . 1872 1873- William H. Lord, d . d . 1877 1871. John P. Williston, Esq. 1872 *873• Aldace Walker, d . d . 1878 1871. Alfred B. Ely, Esq. 1872 1867. Hon. John B. Page, *885 1830. Charles Stoddard, Esq. 1873 1877. Hon. Horace Fairbanks, 1888 1842. Richard S. Storrs, d .d . 1873 130 Members Deceased or Resigned. [Report,

D ea th o r D ea th o r E le c tio n . Resignation. E le c tio n . Resignation. 1853- John Todd, d . d . 1873 1840. Daniel Dow, d . d . 184g i860. Hon. Reuben A. Chapman, 1873 1810. Calvin Chapin, d . d . 1851 1843. H on. Sam uel W ill is ton, 1874 1848. N athaniel 0 . K ellogg, 1854 1850. H on. W illiam T . Eustis, 1874 1823. Bennet T y le r, d . d . 1858 1867. Richard Borden, Esq. 1874 1851. Charles J. Stedman, 1859

1838. Aaron Warner, d .d . 1876 1842. Chauncey A. Goodrich, d . d . i860

1863. William A . Steams, d . d . , l l .d . 1876 1852. Abel McEwen, d . d . i860 1871. Nahum Gale, d . d . 1876 1838. H on. Joseph R ussell, 1861 1871. John Field, Esq. 1876 1836. Thomas S. Williams, l l . d . 1862 1873. Nathan Durfee, m . d . 1876 1843. Rev. David L. Ogden, 1864 1843- Rev. Selah B. Treat, 1877 i860. John A. Davenport, 1865 1848. Andrew W . Porter, Esq. 1877 1832. N oah Porter, d . d . 1866 1868. George Merriam, Esq., r . 1877 1840. H on. Seth T e rry , 1866 1854. Seth Sweetser, d . d . 1878 1854- Samuel S. W. Dutton, d . d . 1866 1837. Nehemiah Adams, d . d . 1878 i860. Elisha L. Cleveland, d . d . 1866 1879. Hon. Edmund H. Sawyer, 1879 1817. Jeremiah Day, d .d ., l l .d . 1867 1870. Gordon Hall, d . d . 1879 1838. Joel H aw es, d . d . 1867 1832. Rufus Anderson, d . d . , l l . d . 1880 1843. Joel H. Linsley, d .d . 1868 1871. Peter Smith, Esq. 1880 1859. Theodore D . W oolsey, d . d ., l l . d .,, r . 1868 3862. Abner K ingm an, E sq. 1880 1840. John T . Norton, E sq. 1869 2840. Ebenezer A lden, m .d . 1881 1855. George Kellogg, Esq. 1870 1845. Henry B. Hooker, d . d . 1881 1867. William W . Davenport, d . d . 1870 1873. Henry F. Durant, Esq. 1881 1852. Gen. W illiam W illiam s, 1871 1874. Nathan Carruth, Esq. 1881 i860. Lucius Barbour, Esq. 1873 1875- Rev. George B. Anthony, r . 1882 1838. Mark Tucker, d . d . 1875 1877. Hon. Edward B. Gillett, r . 1882 1838. H on. Thom as W . W illiam s, 1875 1877. Jacob M. Manning, d . d . 1882 1859. H on. W m . A . Buckingham , LL.D. 1875 1866. John O. Means, d . d . 1883 1867. Joseph Eldridge, d . d . 1875 1871. George W. Blagden, d . d . 1885 1868. Henry P. Haven, Esq. 1876 1870. J. R ussell Bradford, E sq. 1885 1875. Charles Boswell, Esq., r . 1876 1867. Samuel Wolcott, d .d . 1886 1842. Henry White, Esq., r . 1877 1870. E leazer Porter, Esq. 1886 1843. William Patton, d . d . 1879 1867. Sam uel M . Lane, E sq. 1886 1863. Oliver E. Daggett, d . d . 1880 1838. Mark Hopkins, d . d . , l l .d . 1887 1842. Alvan Bond, d .d ., r . 1881 1857. H on. A lpheus H ardy, 1887 1845. Calvin E. Stowe, d . d . , r . 1881 1873. Charles P. Whitin, Esq. 1887 1870. Charles Benedict, Esq. 1881 1877. Charles Merriam, Esq. 1887 1842. Leonard Bacon, d . d ., l l . d . 1881 1878. David Whitcomb. Esq. 1887 1871. Frederic Marquand, Esq. 1882 1871. James H. Means, d . d . , r . 1887 1873. John E. Eldridge, Esq. 1882 1871. Hon. Wm. B. Washburn, 1887 1875- John T . Rockwell, Esq., r . 1882

1848. Laurens P . H ick o k , d . d . 1888 1876. W illiam C . Crum p, E sq. 1883 1862. Hon. William Hyde, 1888 1871. Rev. Daniel W. Lathrop, 1883 1884 1871. Hon. Peter Parker, m . d . 1888 1879. S. Wells Williams, l l . d . d . d . 1884 1873. Edward S. Atwood, d . d . 1888 1862. C alvin D a y , 1880. Samuel D. Warren, Esq. 1888 1881. William W . Scudder, d . d . , r. 1884 Hon. George C. Woodruff, 1886 1883. Wm. T. Eustis, d . d . 1888 1874. 1877. Elizur Smith, Esq. 1888 1871. Rev. Samuel G. Willard, 1887 1870. R ev. Isaac R . W orcester, r . 1889 1863. H on. Sam uel M iller, 1888 1873. Joseph C. Tyler, Esq. 1889 1882. Samuel Harris, d .d . , r . 1888 1874. William Thompson, d . d . 1889 Rhode Island. 1812. William Jones, N e w Y o r k . 1850. John Kingsbury, l l . d . ï 87S 1818. Col. Henry Linclean, 1822 1846. Thomas Shepard, d . d . 1879 1819. D ivie Bethune, 1825

1868. Constantine Blodgett, d . d . 1879 1812. John J a y , l l .d . 1839 1857. Am os D . Lockw ood, Esq. 1884 1824. C ol. H en ry R utgers, 1830 1884. Hon. W. W. Hoppin, r. 1887 1826. Col. Richard Varick, 1831 1813. Egbert Benson, l l . d . 1833 Connecticut. 1822. Jonas Platt, l l .d . 1834 1810. Timothy Dwight, d . d . , u ..d . 1817 1826. William McMurray, d . d . 1836 x8xo. Gen. Jedidiah Huntington, 18x9 1826. John Nitchie, 1838 1810. John Treadwell, l l . d . 1823 1816. Stephen Van Rensselaer, l l . d . *839 1830. Hon. Roger Minot Sherman, r . 1830 1824. Eleazer Lord, r . 1841 1836. Henry Hudson, 1843 1833. Zechariah Lewis, 1841 1819. John Cotton Smith, l l . d . 1846 1840. Gerrit Wendell, 1841 1842. Rev. Thom as Punderson, 1848 181a. James Richards, d . d . 1843 1890.] Members Deceased or Resigned. 13 1

Death or Death or Election. Resignation. Election. Resignation. 1813. Alexander M. Proudfit, d . d . 1843 i860. Jonathan B. Condit, d . d . 1875 1832. Orrin D a y, 1847 i860. William S. Southworth, Esq. 1875 *835- William J. Armstrong, d . d . 1847 1839. William B. Sprague, d . d . 1876 1843- W alter H ubbell, 1848 1840. Willard Child, d . d . 1877 1843. Asa T. Hopkins, d . d . 1848 1832. Hon. William F. Allen, 1878 1838. Henry White, d .d . 1850 1864. Joseph P. Thompson, d .d ., l l .d . 1879 1842. John W . Adam s, d . d . 1850 1864. William I. Buddington, d .d . 1879 1824. David Porter, d . d . 1851 1871. Charles P. Bush, d . d . 1880 1838. D. W. C. Olyphant, r. 1851 1857. Hon. William E. Dodge, 1883 1839. Eliphalet W ickes, 1851 1853. Oliver E. W ood, 1883 1848. Erskine M ason, d . d . 1851 1853. Montgomery S. Goodale, 1884 1812. Henry Davis, d .d . 1852 1870. Richard P. Buck, 1884 1826. Nathaniel W. Howell, l l . d . 1852 1876. L. T. Chamberlain, d . d . , r. 1884 1824. Philip Milledoler, D.D. 1853 1878. Augustus F. Beard, d .d . , r. 1885 1838. E lisha Y ale, d .d . 1853 1845. John Forsyth, d . d . 1886 1840. Anson G . Phelps, 1854 1870. Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, 1887 1840. Hiram H . Seelye, 1855 1870. Alfred S. Barnes, Esq. 1888 1836. Rev. Henry Dwight, 1857 1846. Henry W. Taylor, 1888 1842. Charles M. Lee, l l .d . 1857 i860. Simeon B. Chittenden, 1889 1854. Anson G . Phelps, 1858 1846. Jam es C rocker, 1861 New Jersey. 1826. Thomas McAuley, d .d ., l l . d . 1862 1812. Elias Boudinot, l l . d . 1822 1842. H orace H olden, 1862 1823. Edward Dorr Griffin, d . d . 1838 1823. Lyman Beecher, d . d . 1863 1812. Samuel Miller, d .d . , r. 1839 1843. H arvey E ly , 1863 1826. James Camaham, d . d . , r. 1849 1843. Edward Robinson, d . d . 1863 1826. Archibald Alexander, d . d . , r. 1850 1838. Pelatiah Perit, 1864 1855. F. T . Frelinghuysen, r. 1859 1848. W illiam M . H alsted, 1864 1826. Theodore Frelinghuysen, LL.D. 1862 i860. Jam es W . M cL an e, d . d . 1864 i860. Hon. William Pennington, 1862 1848. D avid W esson, r. 1865 1840. Hon. Joseph C. Homblower, 1864 1848. Abraham V . H asbrouck, l l .d . , r 1865 1823. S. V . S. W ilder, 1865 1851. Rev. Simeon North, l l . d . , r. 1865 1838. David Magie, d . d . 1865 1812. Eliphalet Nott, d . d . 1866 1856. Lyndon A . Smith, m .d . 1866 1840. Hon. Charles W. Rockwell, 1867 1838. Richard T. Haines, r. 1867 1842. Hon. William L. F. Warren, r. 1868 1855- Rev. Thornton A. Mills, 1867 1840. Reuben H . W alworth, l l . d . 1868 1842. J. Marshall Paul, M .D ., r. 1870 1848. Simeon Benjamin, 1868 1853. Jonathan F. Stearns, d . d ., r. 1870 1838. W illiam W . Chester, Esq. 1869 1842. Joel Parker, d . d . 1873 1840. Diedrich Willers, d . d . , r. 1869 1832. Hon. Peter D. Vroom, 1874 1834. James M. Matthews, d . d . 1870 1856. George E. Adams, d .d . 1876 1852. Isaac N. Wickoff, d .d . 1870 1848. H on. D aniel H aines, 1878 1863. Frederick Starr, Esq. 1870 1843. Benjamin C . T aylor, d .d . 1881 1842. Samuel H. Cox, d . d ., l l . d . , r. 1870 1854. R a y Palm er, d . d . 1887 1842. William Adams, d . d ., r. 1870 1867. Aaron Carter, Esq., r. 1889 1843. William W. Stone, Esq., r. 1870 Pennsylvania. 1845. Baxter Dickinson, d . d . , r. 1870 1855- Philemon H. Fowler, d . d ., r. 1870 1812. Robert Ralston, 1836 1855- Samuel T. Spear, d . d . , r . 1870 1812. Ashbel Green, d . d . , r. 1840 i860. W illiam A . Booth, E sq., r. 1870 1834- Alexander Henry, i8 47 1862. John G . A tterb ury, d . d ., r . 1870 1826. Samuel Agnew, m . d . 1850

1863. Robert R. Booth, d . d . , r. 1870 1832. Cornelius C. CuyJer, d . d . 1850 1863. George L. Prentiss, d .d ., r. 1870 1826. Thomas Bradford, 1852 1838. Thomas H. Skinner, d .d . 1871 1838. Matthew Brown, d . d 1853 1842. Aristarchus Champion, Esq. 1871 1842. Eliphalet W . Gilbert, d . d . 1853 1850. Robert W . Condit, d . d . 1871 1838. Thomas Fleming, 1855 1854. Walter Clarke, d . d . 1871 1826. John Ludlow, d . d . 1857 1864. Sherman B. Canfield, d . d . 1871 1848. Charles S. Wurts, r. 1858 1842. Ansel D. Eddy, d .d . , r. 1871 1835- William S. Plumer, d .d . , r. 1859 1855. M. La Rue P. Thompson, d . d . , r. 1871 1826. William Neill, d . d . i860 1852. George W. Wood, d . d . , r. 1872 1832. John McDowell, d . d . 1863 1840. Charles M ills, Esq. 1872 1840. J. W. Nevin, d . d . , r. 1865 1824. Gardner Spring, d . d . 1873 1836. M atthias W . Baldwin, 1866 1838. Isaac Ferris, d . d . *873 1859. Thomas Brainerd, d . d . 1866 1852. Walter S. Griffith, Esq. 1873 1840. Bernard C. DeWolf, d . d . , r. 1867 1826. Thomas De Witt, d .d . 1874 1838. William R. DeWitt, d .d . 1868 1840. David H. Little, Esq. 1874 1840. William Jessup, l l . d . 1868 1 3 2 Members Deceased or Resigned,\ [Report,

D ea th o r D ea th o r E le c tio n . Resignation. Election. Resignation. 1855. William Strong, l l . d . , r . 1870 1853. Henry L. Hitchcock, d . d . , r . 1871 1840 Rev. Albert Barnes, 1871 1867. C . N . O lds, l l .d . , r . 1871 1840 Hon. William Darling, 1871 1851. Samuel W. Fisher, d . d . 1874 1855 George A. Lyon, d . d . 1871 1843. Samuel C. Aiken, d . d . 1879 1838. Ambrose White, Esq., r . 1871 1869. A ndrew L . Grim es, Esq. 1880 1864. Samuel Small, Esq., r . 1871 1883. Hon. Reuben Hitchcock, 1883 1869. Hon. Henry W . Williams, r . 1871 1863. Joseph Perkins, Esq. 1886 *855. John A. Brown, Esq. 1873 1871. Seth H . Sheldon, Esq. 1886 1843- Sam uel H . Perkins, Esq. 1874 1867. Israel W. Andrews, d .d . 1888 1859. James W . Weir, Esq. 1878 1851. Harvey D. Kitchell, d . d ., r 1889 1872. Rev. J. H. Coulter, 1 881 Indiana. 00 00 Maryland. Elihu W. Baldwin, d . d . 1841 Samuel Merrill, 1834. William Nevins, d . d . 1836 1853- 1855 1842. Charles W hite, d . d . 1862 1838. James G. Hamner, d .d ., r . 1865 1851. Hon. Jeremiah Sullivan, r . 1867 Disttict of Columbia. 1867. Joseph T uttle, d . d . , r . 1874 1819. Elias Boudinot Caldwell, 1825 Illinois.

1826. Joseph Nourse, 1841 1821. Gideon Blackburn, d . d . 1839 1842. John C. Smith, d . d ., r . 1870 1853. D a vid A . Sm ith, 1865 1854. John W. Chickering, d .d . 1888 1851. Rev. Aratas Kent, r . 1865 1869. William W. Patton, d . d . , l l .d . 1889 1851. William H. Brown, 1867 1868. D e villo R . H olt, E sq ., r . 1870 Virginia. 1826. N athan S. S. Bem an, d .d . 1871 1823. John H. Rice, d .d . 1831 1853- R ev . W illiam Carter, 1871 1832. George A. Baxter, d . d . 1841 1853. Rev. J. W . Cunningham, r . 1871 1826. William Maxwell, 18 5 7 1871. Henry Hitchcock, Esq., r . 1872 1834. Thomas P. Atkinson, m . i>., r . 1859 *857- Rev. W. Henry Williams, 1877 1826. Gen. John H. Cocke, 1866 1874. Hon. William I. Phelps, 1883 1840. David H. Riddle, d . d . 1888 1853. Augustus T . Norton, d . d . 1884 1867. Hon. Charles G. Hammond, 1884 North Carolina. 18 5 3 . William S. Curtis, d .d . 1885 Julian M. Sturtevant, d . d . 1886 1834- Joseph Caldwell, d . d . 1835 1851. 1834. W . M cPheters, d .d . 1843 Michigan. South Carolina. 1838. Eurotas P. Hastings, r . 1865 1851. Hon. Charles Noble, 1875 1826. M oses W addell, d . d . 1840 1867. H on. Solomon L . W ithey, 1886 1826. Benjam in M . Palm er, d . d . 1848 1839. Reuben Post, d . d . , r . 18 5 5 Wisconsin. 1840. Rev. Chauncey Eddy, 1861 Georgia. 1851. Eliphalet Cramer, Esq. 1871 1826. John Cum m ings, m . d . 1838 1840. Edward W . H ooker, d . d . 1875 *834- Thomas Golding, d . d . 1848 i860. Rev. Enos J. Montague, 1880 1834. Hon. Joseph H. Lumpkin, 1851. Aaron L. Chapin, d .d . , r . 1889 1826. Charles Coffin, d .d . 1854 1876. H on. Samuel D . H astings, r . 1889 1834. Isaac Anderson, d . d . 1857 Iowa. 1842. Samuel Rhaa, Esq. 1864 184 3. William Wisner, d . d . 1871 Ohio. Missouri. 1832. James Hoge, d . d ., r . 1847 1840. Artemus Bullard, d . d . X&56 1826. Robert G. Wilson, d . d . 1855 1851. Henry A. Nelson, d . d . , r . 1870 1834. Robert H. Bishop, d . d . 1855 1870. Constans L. Goodell, d . d . 1886 1851. Gabriel Tichenor, 1855 1 8 5 7 . Truman M. Post, d .d . x886 1845- Rev. Harvey Coe, i860 *853. Robert W . Steele, r . 1865 Minnesota. i 8S i . Henry Smith, d . d . , r . 1867 1867. D aniel W . Ingersoll, E sq. 1870 1857- Truman P. Handy, Esq., r . 1870 1838. George E . Pierce, d . d . 1871 Dakota. 1851. D. Howe Allen, d . d . 1871 1877. Joseph Ward, d .d . *889 iSgo.] Members Deceased or Resigned. 1 33

CORPORATE MEMBERS DECEASED OR RESIGNED

S U B S E Q U E N T T O J A N U A R Y 1890.

Death or Death or Elected. Resignation. Elected. Resignation. New Hampshire. New Jersey. i860. Hon. George W. Nesmith, 1890 1855. George B . Cheever, d .d . 1890 1871. Josiah G. Davis, d . d ., r. 1890 District of Columbia.

V e r m o n t. 1869. William W . Patton, d .d ., l l . d . 1889 1876. Hon. Frederick Billings, 1890 O h io . Massachusetts. 1876. Hon. Heman Ely, r. 1890 1868. Ezra Farnsworth, Esq. 1890 Illin o is . 1887. Homer Merriam, Esq., r. 1890 1881. Caleb F. Gates, Esq. 1890 1889. F. B. Knowles, Esq. 1890 1869. Gen. S. L. Brown, r. 1890 1881. Henry M. Dexter, d . d ., l l .d . 1890 Io w a . Connecticut. 1873. James S. Hoyt, 1890 1874. Roland Mather, Esq., r. 1890 M in n e s o ta .

N e w Y o r k . 1883. Hon. Edwin S. Jones, 1890 California. 1855- James M. Schermerhom, Esq. i8go 1862. James B. Shaw, d .d . 1890 1876. Israel E. Dwinell, d .d . 1890 *34 Officers of the Board. [Report,

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.

Elected. Presidents. Service ended. Elected. Service ended. 03 H 0 John Treadwell, l l . d . 1820 1868 Ezra Farnsworth, Esq. 1889 00 « H Joseph Lyman, d .d . 1826 i 86g Edmund K. Alden, d . d . 1876 1826 John Cotton Smith, l l .d . 1841 1870 J. Russell Bradford, Esq. 1883 1841 Theo. Frelinghuysen, l l .d . 1857 1870 H on. Joseph S. R opes, 1857 Mark Hopkins, d . d . , l l .d . 1887 1875 E gbert C . Sm yth, d . d . 1886 1887 »Richard S. Storrs, d.d., ia.d. 1876 Edwin B. Webb, d . d . 1876 Charles C . Burr, Esq. Vice-Presidents. 1876 Elbridge T orrey, Esq.

1810 Samuel Spring, d . d . 1819 1878 R ev. Isaac R . W orcester, 1882 1882 A lbert H . Plum b, d . d . 1819 Joseph Lyman, d . d . 1823 1883 H on. W illiam P . Ellison, 1823 John Cotton Smith, l l . d . 1826 1884 Charles F. Thwing, d . d . 1826 Stephen Van Rensselaer, l l . d . 1839 1886 1886 Edward S. Atwood, d .d . 1839 Theo. Frelinghuysen, l l .d . 1842 1888 1841 Thomas S. Williams, l l .d . 1857 1886 R ev. Charles A . D ickinson, d . d . 1857 William Jessup, l l . d . 1864 1888 Francis E . C lark, 1864 Hon. William E. Dodge, 1883 1889 G . H enry W hitcom b, Esq. 1883 *Elipbalet W. Blatchford, Esq. Corresponding' Secretaries. Prudential Committee. 1810 Samuel Worcester, d . d . 1821 1821 Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. 1831 1810 William Bartlett, Esq. 1814 1831 Elias Cornelius, d . d . 1832 1810 'Samuel Spring, d .d . 1819 1832 Benjamin B. Wisner, d .d . 1810 Samuel Worcester, D.D. 1821 1835 1832 Rufus Anderson, d . d . 1866 1812 Jerem iah E varts, Esq. 1830 1832 Rev. David Greene, 1848 1815 Jedidiah Morse, d . d . 1821 1835 William J. Armstrong, d . d . 1847 1818 Hon. William Reed, 1834 1847 Rev. Selah B. Treat, 1877 1819 Leonard Woods, d .d . 1844 1848 Swan L . Pom roy, d . d . 1859 1821 Samuel Hubbard, l l . d . 1843 1852 George W. Wood, d .d . 1871 1821 Warren Fay, d . d . 1839 1865 Nathaniel G. Clark, d . d . 1828 Benjamin B. Wisner, d . d . 1835 1876 Edmund K . A lden, d . d . 1831 Elias Cornelius, d .d . 1832 1880 John 0 . M eans, d . d . 1883 1832 H on. Sam uel T . Arm strong, 1850 1884 Judson Smith, d . d . 1832 Charles Stoddard, Esq. 1873 1834 John Tappan, Esq. 1864 Assistant Corresponding Secretaries. 1835 Daniel Noyes, Esq. 1846 1824 Rev. Rufus Anderson, 1832 1837 Nehemiah Adams, d . d . 1869 1828 R ev . D avid G reene, 1832 1839 Silas Aiken, d . d . 1849 1843 W illiam W . Stone, E sq. 1850 Recording Secretaries. H on. W illiam J. H ubbard, 1859 1845 1810 Calvin Chapin, d . d . 1843 1849 Augustus C. Thompson, d . d . 1843 Rev. Selah B. Treat, 1847 1850 H on. W illiam T . E ustis, 1868 1847 Samuel M. Worcester, d . d . 1866 1850 Hon. John Aiken, 1865 1866 John 0 . M eans, d . d . 1881 1851 H on. Daniel Safford, 1856 1881 Henry A. Stimson, d .d . 1854 Henry Hill, Esq. 1865 1856 Isaac Ferris, d .d . 1857 Assistant Recording Secretaries. 1856 Asa D. Smith, d . d . 1863 1836 Charles Stoddard, Esq. 1839 1856 W alter S. Griffith, Esq. 1870 1839 Bela B. Edwards, d . d . 1842 1857 Hon. Alpheus Hardy, 1886 184? R ev . D aniel Crosby, 1843 1 8 5 9 Hon. Linus Child, 1870 1888 Rev. Edward N. Packard. i860 William S. Southworth, Esq. 1865 1863 R ev . A lb ert Barnes, 1870 Treasurers. 1863 Robert R . Booth, d . d . 1870 1810 Samuel H. Walley, Esq. 1811 1865 Abner Kingman, Esq. 1877 1811 Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. 1822 1865 Andrew L. Stone, d . d . 1866 1822 Henry Hill, Esq. 1854 1865 James M . Gordon, Esq. 1876 1854 James M . Gordon, Esq. 1865 1866 Rufus Anderson, d . d . 1875 1865 Langdon S. Ward, Esq.

* Member of the Prudential Committee, e x officio. 1890.] Officers o f the Board. 135

Elected. Service ended. Elected. Service ended. A u d ito r s . 1835 Charles Scudder, Esq. 1847 1810 Joshua Goodale, Esq. 1812 1842 M oses L . H ale, Esq. 1868 18x2 Samuel H. Walley, Esq. 1813 1847 Hon. Samuel H. Walley, 1876 1813 Charles Walley, Esq. 1814 1867 Hon. Joseph S. Ropes, 1870 1814 Chester Adams, Esq. 1817 1868 Hon. Thomas H. Russell, 1876 1817 Ashur Adams, Esq. 1822 1870 Hon. Avery Plumer, 1887 1822 Chester Adams, Esq. 1827 1874 Richard H. Stearns, Esq. 187s 1827 William Ropes, Esq. 1829 1875 Elbridge Torrey, Esq. 1876 1829 John Tappan, Esq. 1834 1876 James M. Gordon, Esq. 1829 Charles Stoddard, Esq. 1832 1876 Hon. Arthur W. Tufts. 1832 Hon. W illiam J. H ubbard, 1842 1887 Joseph C. Tyler, Esq. 1889 1834 Daniel Noyes, Esq. 1835 1889 Samuel Johnson, Esq. 136 Honorary Members. [Report,

HONORARY MEMBERS.

FROM OCTOBER i, 1885, TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1890*

Maine. Davis, Mrs. Amanda M. Hague, Rev. W. B. Davis, Mrs. Susan A. Hague, Mrs. W. B. Acres, Richard Dodge, Mrs. Abbie F. Hall, Mrs. Caroline E. Adams, Osman Dow, Job A. Harwood, Fanny. Andrews, Emery Flanders, Edwin Henry, Bertine T. Bixby, Thomas Flint Folger, Rev. Allen Henry, Mary H. Burleigh, Walter A. Gilson, H. Juliette Hickok, Horatio Carruthers, Sarah B. Goodrich, John A. Kenney, A. W. Carter, John W. D. Hadley, Alvin Kenney, Mrs. Cornelia A. Conant, Abby Hadley, Joseph Landon, M. J. Conant, Augusta M. Ham, John R. Lindley, Rose Conant, Hattie Hazleton, Robert H. Lombard, B. T. Conant, Henry Hillman, Rev. Alfred T. Mclntire, Margaret P. Cousins, Mrs. Ella M. Holbrook, Arthur W. Mead, John A. Cousens, Lyman M. Humphrey, Henry B. Mercure, D. J. Davies, Rev. Thomas M. Jackson, C. J. Mills, Rev. George A. Delano, Charles N. Kelley, Lavinia B. Page, Margaret Ellen Dunlap, Charles F. Lincoln, Leavitt Partridge, H. P. Fuller, Albert S. Marden, S. S. Peck, James Garland, Mrs. Mary J. McGown, Rev. A. J. Richmond, Willie Glidden, John Melvin, Sarah H. Robinson, Joanna H. Gould, Maria D. Moore, Mrs. Laura A. Ross, John W. Graham, James Murdock, C. M. Sawyer, Charles H. Greene, Rev. Daniel Odlin, Rev. James E. Shaw, Edward P. Hallock, Rev. Leavitt H. Odlin, Mrs. Mary G. L. Shaw, Walter G. Harriman, Mrs. Martha F. Page, George Albert Sheldon, Edward P. Harriman, Rev. Nathan H. Parker, Charles F. Slader, Arthur R. Hatch, Rev. David P. Patterson, John D. Smith, Charles P. Holway, Oscar Philbrook, Rev. N. P. Smith, Frank W. Hubbard, Rev. C. F. W. Robertson, Rev. James G. Stimson, Juliette W. Lewis, Hugh Rotch, Albert A. Stone, Philip H. Newman, Edward Rotch, Mrs. A. A. Turrill, Mrs. Lydia A. H. Pink ham, Paul C. Rotch, Mrs. Grace Marston Van Patten, William J. Reynolds, Rev. George W. Rotch, William Boylston Walker, Albert Skeele, Rev. Arthur F. Rowell, Rev. John A. Ward, Rev. Hiram Q. Small, James Henry Russell, Mrs. Amanda B. Warner, S. W. Small, Lizzie Ella Savory, Rev. George W. Weed, John R. Snipe, Seth T. Shannon, Edgar F. Wild, John Spalding, Benjamin Slack, Rev. Ezra A. Wild, Rev. Levi Sprague, Joseph Southworth, Mrs. C. B. Wilder, J. C. Steams, John F. Teel, Rev. William H. Woodbury, Urban A. Steele, John H. Thomas, Rev. W. Arthur Stevenson, James W. Tyler, Charles Willis Massachusetts. Stubbs, Eugene M. Wason, Mrs. Wm. H. Vamum, William P. Watson, Rev. Albert Adams, Charles P. V errill, Fred A . Whitman, George H. Adams, Mrs. Margaret B. Warren, John E. Ainsworth, Rev. Israel Warren, Sarah Vermont. Alden, Alice E. Waterman, Mrs. J. A. Aldrich, Sarah Wentworth, Charles K. Baker, Mrs. Theron P. Alexander, Mrs, Constance Williamson, Rev. James S. Barrett, Rev. S. A. Allis, Maria N. Winslow, F. D. Barrows, Henry R. Allyn, Anderson Barrows, L. C. Allyn, S. B. New Hampshire. Bennett, E. D. Ames, Erskine Luville Bruffee, George A . Andrew, T. W. Abbott, Hazen E. Bucklin, Charles K. Andrews, Rev. Charles E. Allen, Rev. Frederick L. Calhoun, Rev. S. F. Armitage, John S. Allison, Mrs. Frederick Crosby, Edward C. Bacon, Oliver Baldwin, Thomas Chandler Cushman, Mrs. Eliza Hall Bagg, Edward P. Bell, John, Jr. Dakin, Margaret Baker, L. W. Brown, Elisha R. Dawes, Nelson W. Balcom, Rev. Frederick A. Burnham, Mrs. Caroline M. Day, Rev. Charles Orrin Baldwin, Charles W . Buttrick, Edwin Doud, L. Saxton Bale, Rev. Albert G. Chapin, Rev. C. H. Doud, Silas D. Bangs, Anson Chase, Silas G. Engrem, Andrus B. Barlow, Maria A. Chutter, Rev. Frederick G. Gary, Frank W. Barnes, Albert A. Coffin, Frank Goodhue, Rev. Henry A. Bartlett, G. L. Cross, Prof. George N. Guild, Rev. C. L. Bassett, Thomas Borden

* The names of all Honorary Members constituted such from the beginning up to 1870 may be found in the Annual Report for that year; those constituted from 1870 to 1875 in the Report for 187^; those from 1875 to 1880 in the Report for 1880, and those from 1880 to 1885 in the Report for 1885. The full list is omitted here to save expense. I890.J Honorary Members. 137

Bassett, William G. Dunsmoor, Myrtie Laura Holman, Rev. Edwin C. Batchelder, Francis Eastman, Osgood Tilton Holt, William H. Bates, Philander Eaton, Chester W. Hooper, Charles J. Baxter, Nellie B. Eddy, Rev. Clarence Hopkins, William A. Bayne, Rev. John S. Emerson, Francis V. Horne, F. B. Bell, Edward D. Estes, Eugene B. Horton, James W. Bell, Joseph Fairbanks, Orrin Howard, Mabel Eva Bell, Rev. S. Linton Farrar, Frederick A. Howe, G. W. Bennett, Robert Farwell, Rev. P. F. Hubbard, Rev. George H. Blair, Lewis Fenn, Anna A. Hulbert, Mrs. Rosa S. Blake, Clarence E. Field, Edwin G. Hunt, Arthur C. Blanpied, S. J. Fisk, George H . Hyde, Charles W. Bliss, Charles E. Fiske, George F. Hyde, Rev. Henry Bolster, Mrs. Sarah J. Fitch, Clara Z. Jackson, Caroline R. Bowen, Fanny W. Fobes, Emily M. Jackson, William T. Boyden, Mrs. Sarah J. Forehand, Annie J. Johnson, Charles H. Boysaw, Edward F. Fosdick, Frederick Joslyn, Ida W. Bradford, Frederick A. Foster, Rev. Henry R. Kellogg, Mrs. Hattie Brewster, Henry A. Fox, William H. Kendall, Mrs. Clara I. Bristol, Rev. Frank Louis Foxcroft, Mrs. Elizabeth H. Kennedy, Etta M. Bristol, Thomas T. Frederick, Henry A. Kimball, Edwin D. Brodhead, Rev. William H. French, Edmund King, Hervey Wellman Brown, Grace E. French, Timothy H. King, Robert C. Brown, Helen J. Fullerton, Rev. Bradford M. Kingman, Mrs. Hannah S. Brown, Mary D. Fullerton, Mrs. Edward G. Kingman, Mary Louise Brown, Mrs. Michael F. Fullerton, Rev. Edward G. Kittredge, Mrs. Annie C. Brown, Susan N. Gale, Bennett Tyler Koehler, Minnie F. Buck, Richard T. Garland, George W. Kyburg, George W. Burhoe, John H. Gerrish, Gilbert Labaree, John Randolph Burnett, Cheney W. Gerry, Samuel L. Lane, James Herbert Burnham, C. E. Gibbs, Mrs. Mary E. Lawrence, Rev. John B. Burr, Rev. H. M. Gibbs, William H. Laws, Alfred Burrill, Edgar White Gibson, Mrs. E. G. Leavitt, Mrs. C. H. ■Capron, A nnie H . Gillett, Edgar Lathrop Leavitt, Mrs. Lucy L. T. Capron, Laura E. Gillette, Sara Dickinson Leland, Rev. Willis D. Carpenter, Arthur B. Goddard, J. H. Locke, Mrs. E. F. Carter, Harriette L. Goldthwait, Joel Ernest Lombard, George W. Cary, Mrs. Augusta Gurney Goodell, Laura Loring, Mrs. William S. Cary, Mrs. Betsey Howard Goodman, James Lowe, Albert N. •Chamberlain, Newell Goodnow, Charlotte L. Lowry, Catherine Chandler, William A. Goodrich, Charles T. Luck, Charles W. Chapin, Chalmers Gould, Mrs. Caroline Lyman, Ansel B. Chapman, John B. Gould, Ellen M. Lyman, C. P. •Chapman, Martha P. Grant, Mrs. Emma J. MacColl, Rev. John A. Charles, Mrs. Emma L. Graves, Mrs. Emeline C. Manley, J. A. Chase, Frank H. Gray, John E. Marble, Edwin T. Childs, Alexander H. Greene, Edward M. Maxwell, Sadie •Chaflin, Frederick L. Greene, Rev. Frederick W. McBriar, Rev. Thomas ■Clark, Atherton Gregg, Mrs. David McCullagh, Rev. Archibald, d . d . Clark, Calvin M. Gregg, Rev. David McElwain, J. S. Clark, Rev. D. O. Griffis, Mrs. Katherine L. McFarland, Joseph Clark, Garrit De Witt Griffis, Rev. William Elliot, d .d . Mclntire, Ezra T. •Clark, George A. Gurney, Azel Edward McKechnie, Adaline Clark, George W. Gurney, Mrs. Laura Ann McLaughlin, Mrs. E. L. Clark, John W. Hadley, Mrs. Elizabeth S. McLeod, Malcolm •Clark, Leigh Freeman Hager, Otis Means, Daniel M. Clarke, Frank W. Hale, Edward D. Means, Mrs. M. McG. Cleary, John H. Hale, Harris G. Mears, Mrs. D. O. Clements, F. L. Haley, Mrs. Mary A. Mendell, Rev. Ellis ■Cline, Mrs. Emily L. Hall, Rev. George A. Merrill, Mrs. Israel S. Cobb, Mrs. Catherine P. Hall, Laura Merrill, Moses •Cole, Mrs. Annie T. Hamilton, Darwin F. Merrill, Silas W. ■Cole, Edward P. Hapgood, Charlotte Mills, Benjamin F. Cole, William I. H arding, Sarah E. Mills, Rev. Charles P. Colquhoun, John H. Hardy, John D. Monk, Mrs. Mary Clapp •Colton, Lewis E. Hartwell, John R. Monroe, Mrs. Alice M. •Conn, Horace N. Harrington, Mrs. Nellie S. Morey, Rev. L. W. Cook, Mrs. Anne C. Harrington, Sophia E. Morrill, Edward H. Cook, Edward E. Hatch, Rev. George B. Morse, C. Willis «Cooke, Mrs. C. H. Hathaway, Francis Robertson Murdock, George R. ■Cowan, James Dickinson Hathorne, George E. Murdock, Mrs. Harriet E. Cowan, Rev. John Hawkes, N. May Murdock, William E. •Creegan, Mrs. Melissa A. Haynes, C. T. Newell, Wilbur C. ■Cummings, M arguerite Hayward, Emily Newton, James H. Curtis, Don Eugene Hazletine, Mrs. Olive M. Nichols, Mrs. Betsey F. M. C u rtis, Mrs,. Em ogene Cordelia Helton, Lilian Nichols, John P. Curtis, Rev. William C. Hemingway, Charles S. Nichols, Mary L. Cutler, Rev. Temple Herrick, Paul F. Norton, Louisa H. Daniels, Lucius W. Higgins, Henry S., Jr. Noyes, William H. Davis, Rev. William V. W. Hill, Arthur T. Ordway, George T. Davenport, Melvin Hill, Elizabeth Cleveland Ordway, Priscilla Dawes, Mrs. Anna M. Hill, Rev. James L. Ordway, Warren Dearborn, Elbridge Hillman, Mrs. M. M. Orr, William, Jr. Dewey, Harry P. Hitchcock, Henrietta T. Packard, Henry W. Dewing, Beniamin B. Hitchcock, Henry L. Paddock, Frank K. Dickinson, Charles R . Hodgdon, Samuel Page, Mary E. Dowse, Mrs. Sarah A. Hodges, Mrs. Jane H. Palmer, Rev. Frank Herbert Drury, Lyman Hodgkins, Frank E. Partridge, Harriet A. Dudley, William A. Hodgman, Frederick K. Patch, Augustus L. Dunbar, Mrs. Harry Holbrook, Mrs. B. J. Pauli, Thomas P. 138 Honorary Members. [Report,

Pearson, Arthur G. Sweetser, Henry W. Barstow, Rev. John Pease, Mrs. Sarah Z. Swett, Charles E. Barstow, Mrs. M ary W. Peirce, Franklin Sylvester, Sue Bartholomew, Charles H. Perry, Alfred Tyler Symonds, Charles F. Beach, Frederick E. Perry, Mrs. Alfred T. Taft, Merrick L. Beach, Mrs. H. C. Pettigrew, Alexander Talbert, A. D. Belcher, William Phillips, Stephen H . Tapley, Gilbert A . Bentley, W. Pierce, J. Q. A. Tapley, Louisa Betts, Mrs. C. C. Pitkin, Charles Lewis, Jr. Taylor, Francis E. Blackman, Rev. William T. Pitkin, Donald S. Taylor, Joseph S. Boss, Joseph S. Pitkin, James S. Temple, Rev. W. H. G. Botham, Thomas P. Pitkin, James S., Jr. Thayer, Susanna N. Bradley, William Pitkin, Lewis S. Thompson, Rev. Nathan Bradstreet, Edward T. P itkin, W illiam Thompson, Rev. N. B. Bray, Rev. S. H. Pixley, Albert A. Tilton, Dudley D. Brewster, Mrs. Fanny S. Plumer, Catherine M. Titcomb, Rev. Arthur Brown, Mrs. Abbie M. Plumer, Mrs. Lucy A. G. Titcomb, John S. Brown, Harvey G. Porter, Mrs. J. E. Todd, Charles R. Bruen, Frank Potter, Silas Torrey, Burton W. Bryden, Andrew Prentiss, George W. Torrey, C. A., Jr. Buck, Henry Richard Putnam, Mrs. Helen P. Trow, Lizzie F. Bulkley, Georgie A. Putnam, S. Agnes Tucker, Daniel Burgess, G. F. Rand, Rev. Wilbur Turner, George Colon Burr, Rev. Marcus Randall, R. H. Tuttle, Rev. John E. Burr, M ay Hanford Ray, Charles A. Underwood, Etta May Camp, Ellen R. Ray, William F. Underwood, Harriet R. Carleton, Guy Mortimer Reed, Dwight Vail, Mrs. Emma L. R. Carleton, Horace Ames Rhodes, Mrs. Charles M. Wadsworth, Rev. Charles, Jr. Carleton, Winifred G. Rice, James Abner Wallace, Russell Washburn Carroll, Clarence F. Rich, Mrs. Persis B. Walker, Rev. William H. Catlin, W. H. Richards, Charles E. Ward, Emma L. Chapin, Charles W. Richards, Elijah E. Ward, Francis J. Chew, Alice Richardson, Charles T . Ward, Laura Dwight Clark, Rev. D. J. Richardson, Daniel Ware, Mrs. Alice S. Clark, Laura Richardson, William S. Warner, Ada May Clark, Mary S. Ridgeway, Mary A. Warren, E. W. Cleaveland, Rev. Willis M. Robinson, Mrs. Jane E. Washburn, Rev. George Y. Coffey, Elizabeth Rockwood, Bradley M. Waters, Lyman S. Coit, George D. Rockwood, George H. Watkins, Gardner A. Cooley, Jennie Eliza Rugg, Addison Wellman, Gordon Boit Converse, William W. Ruggles, Abbie D. Weston, Samuel N. Corban, Ella W. Russell, Lizzie G. Wheeler, Charles A. Crocker, Herbert I. Sanderson, Horace G. Wheldon, Alice G. Crosby, Jerusha W. Savage, Rev. Charles A. Whitcomb, Harry E. Crump, John G. Savage, Rev. John W. White, Florence Curtis, Francis R. Sawin, Mrs. Mary J. Whiting, William Cutler, Ralph W. Sawyer, Joseph H. Wilbar, Joseph E. Darrow, Idalina Sawyer, Samuel L. Wild, Miss L. A. Davis, Edwin O. Scott, Mary Wilder, Edward B. Dean, Samuel H. Searles, Charles E. Wilkins, Samuel Francis De Peu, Rev. John Sedye, Elizabeth J. Willey, Daniel De Peu, Mrs. Mary Child Sharpe, Fred Williamson, William A. Dickerman, Nelson Sherman, Mrs. Helen E. Wood, Edward N. Douglass, John F. Sherman, John A. Wood, Henry Dudley, Benjamin T. Sherman, Joshua Worcester, Daniel C. Dudley, Kate M. Sinnecks, Feronia Worthen, Charles H. Dudley, Katherine B. Skinner, William Dunham, Mrs. Sarah Smith, Albert D. Rhode Island. Eastman, Mary D. Smith, Rev. C. H. Edson, Mrs. Mary A. Smith, Edson D. Allan, Erastus P. Eldridge, Emma K. Smith, Fred G. Blodgett, Helen Elwood, George E. Smith, Henry H. Blodgett, Ruth Dana Freeman, Madeline H. Smith, John Crawford, Mrs. George Fuller, Amelia J. Smith, Joseph S. Dunn, Elizabeth Fuller, Lydia A. Smith, Mary Pauline Hammett, John D. Gaylord, Willard E. Smith, N. W. Horton, Mrs. Emily Van Dyke Gibbs, Nathan A. Smith, O. Elliott Horton, Rev. Francis Allen, d .d . Goddard, Rev. John C. Snow, Robert M . Horton, Royal D. Goddard, Miriam Snow, Russell L. House, Morris W. Goddard, Rose Snyder, Rev. Henry S. Kendall, Lucien B. Gorden, W. A. Spaulding, Abel King, Clarence, x,l .d . Gould, D. Henry Spilman, Benjamin F. Thayer, Mrs. Thatcher Goulden, Edward Morris Spofiord, Mrs. Ellen A. Wood, Mary T. Gower, Kate H. Sprague, Edith Alden Gower, Melville M. Sprague, Emma M. Connecticut. Hall, Edward R. - Stanton, Mrs. Ellen B. Hall, Thomas S. Stearns, Andrew J. Adams, Mrs. Esther L. Hammond, Mrs. E. P. Stearns, Mrs. Henry Albee, Mrs. J. L. Hammond, George B. Stevens, Everett L. Allen, William H. Hammond, Mrs. E. P. Stevenson) Peter Anderson, Rev. Asher Harris, Mrs. Hiram P. Stickney, Henry Harding Alvord, Mrs. John A. Harrison, Henry G. Stickney, William Bacheler, Rev. Francis P. Hart, Charles E. Stiles, E. E. Bailey William Hart, William H. Stoddard, Prof. John T . Baker, Alden A. Hartranft, Rev. Chester Stone, Rev. Edward G. Baker, Rev. Henry R. Hawley, Charles D. Stone, Jennie P. Baker, Lorenzo D. Hawley, Flora E. Stratton, Mrs. Electa P. T . Banks, Henry W. • Hawley, Henry R. Strong, Annie C. Barber, Rev. Clarence H. Hawley, John A. Strong, Mrs. Ellen O. Barber, S. H. Hemingway, Samuel Sturgis, Rev. F. E. Bardin, James N. Hemingway, Samuel Burdett 1890.] Honorary Members. 1 3 9

H olt, Jennie A . Ricketts, Mrs. Verrena F. Brown, Erastus F. Hough, Mrs. M. H. Riggs, Rev. C. H. Brown, Joseph E. Howe, Rev. Samuel H. R oot, Edwin P . Brown, Lewis H. Hubbard, Francis S. Rossiter, John, Jr. Buell, Helen W. Hull, Alice Royal, Ambrose Buell, Rev. Lew in F. Hull, John H. Ryder, John Q. Butler, William H. Humphrey, H. Dayton Sanford, Alson Button, Mrs. Byron Huntington, John P. Seeley, Ezra N. Carson, David Hale Hutchins, Rev. W. T. Seelye, Ezra N. Chalmers, Rev. W. I. Hutchison, James Sheldon, H. D. Chapin, Samuel A ., Jr. Hyde, Arthur A. Sherwood, Simon C. Clapper, Christopher M. Hyde, Empson P. Simms, Rev. Thomas Collin, Rev. Quincy J. Hyde, Gertrude Stewart Slack, Rev. H. L. Cook, Joseph Hyde, Jessie Elizabeth Smith, Mrs. Emeline Crawford, Mrs. Eliza Hyde, Mrs. O. M. Smith, Frances E. Creevey, William Stickney Jacobs, A. Grant Smith, G. Truman Cutter, Mrs. Adelaide C. James, Rev. D. Melancthon Smith, Henry Cutter, John D. Jesup, Hetty W. Smith, Nelson P. Dana, Charles Johnson, John Smith, Radford B. Deane, Mrs. Sarah P. Kellogg, Rev. H. M. Spencer, Mrs. Albert J. Downs, J. W. Kelly, John H. Spencer, R. T. Dudley, E. L. Kelsey, Rev. Henry H. Squire, Mrs. Alice W. Durham, Edward B. Kendall, Rev. S. C. Stanley, Edward N . Failing, Alonzo H. Kilbon, Rev. John Luther, Jr. Stevens, Rev. Frederic L. Frank, Rev. Henry King, Charles J. Stevens, Henry E. Franklin, Rev. John L. Kingsbury, Henry M. Storrs, Mrs. Jane M. Fraser, John Kinney, Rev. Henry N. Strong, David Fuller, Mrs. Harriet DeF. Knapp, N. A. Strong, Edward L. Gale, Clarence Ross Lane, John S. Sturges, Ella Gaylord, Mrs. Mary Anne Latimer, F. A., Jr. Sumner, Fred A. Gaylord, Mary Elizabeth Layton, Jacob M. Sumner, Minnie Goll, H. A. W. Leddell, John Synyer, James J. Goulding, Loren E. Leete, Charles F. Talcott, John B. Hadley, Sayres Leete, Rev. William W. Tallcott, Thomas H. L. Hale, George S. Leland, Edward D. Taylor, Mrs. Clara King Hall, Rev. Elliot C. Logee, William K. Taylor, Rev. William Howell Hatch, W. T. Loomis, Heniy E. Thompson, Mrs. Charles A. Hoesterman, Adclbert Love, Ethel Hale Thompson, Mrs. J. A. Hope, Charles E. Luckey, Rev. Frank R. Thompson, Lewis S. Hubbard, Mrs. Elizabeth Skinner Martin, Mrs. Adaline A. Thompson, Morton E. Hubbard, Henry W. Martin, Mrs. E. Thompson, William G. Ingersoll, Rev. Edward P. Marvin, Henry Thorpe, Mrs. Hannah C. Keeler, Charles B. Maxwell, Rev. J. Allen Thrall, Mrs. Florence A. Keep, Augustus McClean, Alfred Tinker, George F. Kelley, Rev. William H. McFarland, Hannah Topliff, H. P. Kent, Rev. Robert J. Mclntire, Rev. Oscar G. Tracy, Milton S. Knapp, Obadiah M. McIntosh, Rev. Charles H. Turney, Mrs. Elizabeth G. Land, Joseph F. McLane, William W. Upson, Arthur W. Landefeld, Phcebe L. - Meeker, Oliver H. Utley, Herbert D. Lathrop, Charlotte A. Merriman, Mary Elizabeth Washburn, David S. Leverich, Carrie Duncan Merz, George J. Waterman, Warren G. Leverich, Mrs. C. D. Millard, Rev. Nelson Weeden, Rev. Charles F. Lewis, Alexander Miller, Rev. Albert P. Wessel, Frederick Lockwood, Homer N. Miner, Robert T. Weyhe, William A. Mackay, George D. Mitchell, Rev. J. Lee Wheeler, Charles A. Marvin, Rev. Dwight E. Monroe, Mrs. E. B. Wheeler, Rev. Robert F. Marvin, Rev. D. W. Morgan, James S. Whiton, Merrill McConnell, Rev. J. E. Morse, Josiah T. Whittlesey, F. D. McIntyre, James Newton, Henry G. Whittlesey, George Merrill, W. F. Nicholls, Finette Benson Wilcox, Jesse H. Miller, William H. Norton, John W. Williams, Bernard T. Munsell, Rev. John H. Osgood, Mrs. Helen M. Williams, David W. Nims, Rev. Granville W. Otis, Frederick B. Williams, Emily C. Otis, Rev. C. C, Packard, George B. Williams, James S. Roberts, Rev. Edward Page, Mrs. Cornelia B. Williams, Samuel H. Rogers, Lewis G. Parker, Carrie A. Winch, Rev. George W. Ross, James A. Parsons, Harlan P. Yerrington, Herbert L. Seymour, James A. Parsons, Mrs. J. G. Zenoss, Prof. A. C., d . d . Sheldon, Edward A. Partree, William W. Sisson, Mrs. Eliza S. Paul, Sarah J. New York. Small, Rev. Charles H. Pease, Dennis Smalley, Rev. A. L. Peck, Anthony Abell, Annie E. Smith, Roswell Peck, H. C. Alden, Marguerite Emma Solomon, Mrs. E R. Peck, John H. Allan, Mary E. Spalding, Rev. George B. Pegrum, Rev. Robert Andrus, Helen J. Stevens, Joseph S. Perry, Annie E. Ayers, Marshall Stockwell, George P. Perry, Walter Hart Ball, Mrs. Blanche Stone, Vernon T. Pierson, Mrs; Mary E. Banfield, Mamie C. Swift, Rev. Clarence F. Pierson, Olivia Barnes, Mrs. A. S. Tolies, Edward D. Pinks, Charles H. Barnes, Mrs. Edwin M. Treadwell, Alice Platt, O. H. Bates, Sarah Treadwell, Amy Plumley, Rev. G. S. B axter, A . Treadwell, George Curtis Porter, Augusta S. Beebe, Winsor Treadwell, Louise S. Porter, Mrs. Elizabeth J. Beecher, Rev. Thomas K. Tremain, Lyman Potter, D. G. Billings, Harriet S. Upton, Rev. Augustus G. Preston, Rev. Charles W. Birdseye, Lucien Wallace, Juliet Randall, Jason L. Blagden, Samuel P., Jr. Ward, Charles F. Ransom, Mrs. Sophia E. Botsford, Mrs. Anna R. Warner, Lucien C. Remington, Mary E. Bradford, Mrs. Mathilda R. L. Washburn, William Ives Richards, James Tracy Bradley, L. A. Wilbur, Herbert S. 140 Honorary Members. [Report,

Wilkes, Ellen M. Field, Rev. James P. Thomson, Gaylord Wilson, A. B. Fisher, Daniel D. Tisdel, Walter C. Winship, Howard Goddard, George P. Tollman, W. S. Green, Hoyt H. Treat, J. Calvin New Jersey. Harwood, Amelia Williams, Rev. Calvin Scott Harwood, Edward C. Baker, William W. Homer, William B. Indiana. Brown, George G. Howard, Azel B. Carter, Mrs. Rev. Thomas Hyde, Rev. Charles R. Cutler, Rev. William A. Chandler, Rev. Frank, d . d . Knudson, 0 . Knopf, Rev. F. E. Davenport, Rev. Isaac W. Morgan, George H. Tuthill, F. H. Dwight, Cornelia Porter Morgan, Platt M. Goodrich, Rev. Charles L. Orear, Mrs. Margaret C. Illinois. Nutting, Rev. Wallace Plant, Mrs. George H. Abbott, Rev. Charles H. Patton, Rev. Cornelius H. Ricker, Rev. George S. Allaben, Rev. Adelbert E. Pentecost, Rev. Hugh O. Riddle, Mrs. Truman P. Scudder, Rev. John L. Allaben, Mrs. Sara C. Ripley, Lyman B. Avery, Mrs. Minnie E. Seelye, William I. Stevenson, James S. Baker, Mrs. Martha C. Thayre, Robert H. Webb, Mrs. R. Whitaker, Rev. William F. Baker, M. Jennie Ball, Rev. A. H. Ohio. Barrows, Rev. Walter M., d . d . Pennsylvania. Bartlett, Rev. W. A. Adams, John B. Bigelow, Mrs. Calista E. Callender, Lizzie C. Allen, Fred Lawrence Bigelow, H. D. P. Callender, Maria O. Ament, Rev. W. A, Dexter, Mrs. Ellen E. Blanchard, Rev. Charles A. Ames, Cheney Boyden, Albert W. Farnsworth, Mrs. George C. Baird, Rev. E. F. Brace, Marshall P. Ferguson, Rev. Henry C. Baith, Amos Bray, Mary C. Giese, Mrs. Sarah M. Ballard, Thomas P. Brown, A. K. Hammond, Thomas F. Bashford, Rev. James Whitford j Brubaker, Mrs. Stella C. Heritage, Marian B. Benedict, Ethel I Hyde, Mary R. Bushnell, Rev. Albert Beymon, Rev. Reese G. ; Case, Mrs. Laura P. Lambert, William H. Bole, Joseph K. I Chester, H. W. Lathrop, Edwin Booth, Rev. Edwin j Dean, Harvey Lindsay, Charles R. Bosworth, Rev. E. I. Dean, M. A. Pendleton, Frank P. Bourn, Mrs. Mary A. Dewey, Rev. Willis C. Pond, William S. Chamberlain, Frank Hamlin Dickinson, Lewis Edward Randle, George M. Childs, I. S. Wagner, Rev. S. G., d .d . Edwards, Rev. Nicholas T. Clark, William P. Goff, Rev. Edward F. Waters, Daniel A . Cole, E. A. Weir, Anna C. Goodrich, Irving Cozad, Justus L. Goodwin, Mrs. E. P. Wiestling, George B. Damon, Rev. G. H. j Harrison, Rev. Henry S. Davies, Rev. John Benjamin I Maryland. Hawks, Walter Davis, Rev. William M. ! Hill, Rev. E. L. Dickson, Mrs. J. H. ! Harris, Rev. Benjamin Hovey, W. A. Ould, Lancaster Eaton, F. C. Howe, Rev. E. Frank Ould, Rev. William L. Evans, Rev. William J. Howe, Mrs. Sarah Storrs Proctor Finfrock, Mrs. Lydia Slocum, Rev. William F., Jr. Joy, Mrs. Ida Cooper Fisher, W. H. Kedzie, Mrs. J. H. Fraser, Mrs. J. G. District of Columbia. Kimball, D. A. Griffiths, Rev. John T. Leavitt, Mrs. Lena M. Green, Timothy F. Harroun, Hiram Longley, William E. Haskell, Rev. Edward B. Hooper, Martha Marsh, Rev. Charles E. Hine, Daniel Robinson, Nathaniel E. Mathews, Milton O. Wood, Alfred ameson, Charles B. Mead, S. Elizabeth ones, Rev. E. I. Newell, Mary E. Tennessee. ones, Rev. Griffith Peebles, Rev. George Judson, Mrs. B. A. Pierpont, Mrs. J. G. Lawson, Miss L. M. McCabe, Rev. L. D., d . d . , l l .d . Pond, Chester H. Steele, Almira D. McCullough, A. H. Quilhot, C. M. Metcalf, E. W. Redington, E. D. Alabama. Metcalf, Mrs. E. W. Reynolds, J. W. Metcalf, Maynard Mayo O rr, John Rice, Edward P. Morrison, Mrs. M. C. Richdale, Florence Irene Reading Room, Foster Hall, Moore, J. W. Roy, Rev. Joseph E. Talladega College. Nichols, Luther H. Reading Room, Stone Hall, Savage, Mrs. Margaret G. H. Payne,Rev.Chas.Henry,d . d ., l l .d Scarborough, Mrs. H. F. Talladega College. Peck, Prof. John F. Strong, Rev. J. J. Stewart, J. B. Plass, Rev. Norman Tupper, James W. Topping, Alice F. Pound, Rev. William H. Upton, Rev, John S. Warner, Rev. Charles C. Pratt, Ainasa Whittlesey, Mrs. Harriet Newell Rideout, Mrs. S. E. Florida. Whittlesey, Rev. Nathan H. Ring, Alice B. Wickoff, Charles Truman Beckwith, Watts. Roberts, Rev. Thomas Goodwin Wilson, Rev. George R. Root, Ainos J . Worrell, Rev. B. F. Missouri. Runyan, Mary Wright, N. D. Sawyer, Mrs. P. H. Adams, Charles M. Severance, Allen D. Michigan. Arnold, Samuel D. Sexton, Rev. W. D. Bidlcman, Winslow R. Siddall, James F. Barrows, Hiram Birge, James C. Sinks, Rev. P. W. Beale, Rev. Charles H. Boiler, Rev. B. F. Slack, Mrs. Fannie G. Bryant, Rev. Stephen 0 . Boiler, Mrs. E. P. Smith, Mrs. A. J. Bunnell, Rev. J. J. Bradbury, Edgar H. Spear, Mrs. Mary A. Chamberlain, Mrs. Eliza W. Bradford, George H. Stauffer, Rev. Henry Davies, Rev. R. R. Brown, David N, Stone, John W. Duncan, Fanny E. Chesbrough, John M. Stratton, Jared Fairfield, Rev. Edmund B. Cobb, Mrs. C. W . S. Strong, Rev, Sidney Hosford, Rev. Oramel Dawson, William H. Thomas, Rev. John Gatling Howe, Mrs. Clarissa L. Edgell, George S. Thomson, Rev. A. E. Johnston, James G. 1890.] Honorary Members. 141

Lee, John H. Bond, Olson Metcalf, Wilmot V. Lee, Mrs. John H. Brack, Georee M. Perkins, James A. Lewis, Rev. Daniel Miles Burrows, William Perkins, Minnie B. Lyle, Rev. William W. Edmands, Rev. T. Merrill Perkins, Myrtle May Mallory, May C. Farwell, James H. Perkins, Mrs. Sarah J. Martin, Rev. Moses M. Finstrom, Rev. B. Seward, Rev. A. L. McNeil, John R. French, Walter B. Paddock, Mrs. Lozana W. Goodhue, Clarabel South Dakota. Page, William L. ackson, J. F. Richards, Mrs. Adeline H. ,ee, Rev. Gerald S. Bradley, Rev. Daniel F. Seaver, Rev. W. R. iMattocks, Mrs. Brewer Farquhar, Mrs. Robert R. Taylor, F. D. Rice, Elmer V. Nichols, Rev. Danforth B. Taylor, Mary E. Rice, Rev. William C. Wiirrschmidt, Rev. Christian W . Van Tassell, Howard A. Smith, Cyrus Wiirrschmidt, Rev. H. Auguste Waterman, Rev. William A. Stewart, Carrie E. Winter, Mrs. George Watson, R. Howard Arizona Territory. Woodman, John Franklin Wisconsin. Houlding, Rev. Horace Kansas. Mexico. Beebe, Mrs. D. C. Boss, Roger C. Blackman, Mrs. C. M. Hyde, William George Crawford, Rev. Matthew A. Carter, Rev. Homer Wright Millikan, Rev. S. F. Gillespie, Isabel A. Dominion of Canada. Kelley, Mrs. Georgie H. Nebraska. Kilboum, Rev. James K. Brainerd, Rev. Edward R, Percival, Rev. Charles H. Abemethy, Charles Henry Hill, Rev. Edward M. Rouse, Rev. Frederick T. Green, Rev. Frederick R. Paterson, Kate Elizabeth Saxe, Stephen Harwood, Rev. Charles E. Williams, Mrs. Ella E. Wright, Josiah T. Pomeroy, S. F. Ralston, Rev. Edward S. Africa. Iowa. Thing, Rev. Milo P. J. Ware, Lyman E. Fay, Rev. William E. Archibald, Rev. Andrew W. Sanders, Rev. William H. Barrows, Rev. William H. California. Stover, Rev. Wesley M. Bentley, William B. Webster, Ardell H. Bronslow, Mrs. Sarah A. Benton, Rev. J. A., d .d . Woodside, Rev. T. W. Brooks, Rev. William M. Blakeslee, Elizabeth Bullock, Rev. Motier A. Chapin, Edward D. China. Chapman, Rev. Daniel Fisher, Galen M. Hale, Edson D. Hubbard, Rev. George H. Clark, J. S. Peet, Rev. Lyman P. Evans, Rev. Walter A. Herrick, William F. Ferris, Rev. Walter L. ewett, Gertrude England. Hammond, John W. ewett, Mary F. Hand, Rev. Le Roy S. i Cust, Robert N. .ove, Mrs. Louisa Hazen, W. E. Morrow, Mrs. Ann Hill, Julia Ford France. Oakley, Rev. E. C. Hunt, Timothy Savage, Theodore Fiske Mitchell, Mrs. Murray Huntington, E. H. Mitchell, Rev. Murray, l l .D. Marvin, Mary Oregon. Merrill, Rev. Thomas India. Miller, Elliot S. Clapp, Rev. T. E. Raymond, Esther Godfrey, Elvin W. Hume, Rev. R. A. Raymond, Nathaniel B. Hall, Rev. George C. Van Allen, Rev. Frank R ice, J.M. Holcomb, C. F. Scribner, Mrs. Lillie J. Holcomb, W. H. Japan. Smith, Henry D. Smith, M. H. Colorado. Kent, Abbie W. Wellman, Mrs. C. E. Poole, Mary Work, W. G. Dimmock, Mrs. S. R. Scudder, Mrs. Eliza Canfield Minnesota. Washington. Turkey. Anderson, A. C. Bates, Rev. Henry L. Boolgoorjoo, Rev. A. M . Berg, Rev. John A. Eells, Roy Whitman Melvin, Helen E. Eells, Walter C. CONTENTS.

PAGE R epo rt o f t h e A n n u al M e e t i n g ...... iii District of the Interior States (Dr. Humphrey Corporate Members Present...... iii and Dr. Hitchcock’s R eport) ...... IO Male Honorary Members Reported as Present . iv Report of Field Secretary (Dr. Creegan’s M issionaries P r e s e n t ...... v R e p o r t ) ...... IS Organization ...... v Publications ...... jg Minutes of Proceedings...... v Aid from Publishing Societies ...... Zg Committees Appointed ...... v-vii, ix, xi, xii Receipts and Expenditures ...... 2o Annual Sermon ...... vi Five Years’ R eview ...... 2I Resolutions ...... vii-xiii The Otis B equest ...... 22 New Members ...... x The Swett Bequest...... 22 Place and Preacher for Next M eetin g ...... x A Suggestion ...... 2j Election of Officers ...... xi A Renewed A p p e a l...... 23 Letters of E xcu se ...... xiii The Missions. Reports of Committees on the Annual Report . xiv Zulu M ission ...... On the Treasurer’s R e p o r t ...... xiv East Central African M ission ...... 27 On the Report of the Home Department . . xv West Central African M ission ...... 29 On the Missions to A frica ...... xv European Turkey M ission ...... 3! On the Turkish M issions ...... xvi Western Turkey M ission ...... 35 On the Missions to India and Ceylon . . . xvi Central Turkey M ission ...... 40 On the Missions to C hin a ...... xvii Eastern T urkey M is s i o n ...... ^ On the Japan M is s io n s ...... xvii Marathi M ission ...... On the Missions to the Pacific Islands . , , xviiiMadura M ission ...... 53 On the Missions in Papal Lands ...... xix Ceylon M ission ...... 56 On the Special Paper, by Secretary Clark . xx Foochow M ission ...... jg On the Special Paper, by Secretary Alden . Xx North China Mission ...... 63 On the Special Paper, by Secretary Smith . xx Hong Kong M ission ...... Report of the Committee of Fifteen, Appointed Shansi M ission ...... 79 to Consider Questions Relating to the Organ­ Japan M ission ...... 82 ization of the Board ...... x xii Northern Japan M ission ...... ) 82 Report of the Committee of Nine, Appointed to Special Work in the Hawaiian Islands ...... 90 Inquire into the Methods of Administration Micronesian M ission ...... g4 at the Missionary R o o m s ...... xxiii Western Mexico Mission ...... gg Dr. Clark’s Paper — Higher Christian Education Northern Mexico M ission ...... IOo as Related to Foreign Missionary Work , . xxxii Mission to Spain ...... I03 Dr. Alden’s Paper— Missionary Motives . . . . xxxvi Mission to Austria ...... I0g Dr. Smith’s Paper— The Missionary Outlook . xlii Tabular View 0/ the Missions for i 8qo-gi . . 109 Pecuniary A ccounts ...... 1IO REPORT OF THE PRUDENTIAL COMMITTEE. Summary 0/ Donations...... n S Receipts of the B oard ...... ZIg Home Department. Places of Meeting and P reachers ...... 119 N e c r o lo g y ...... 3 Missionaries of the Board ...... i 2i Reinforcements ...... 4 Corporate Members...... I26 The Missionary Room s ...... 5 Corporate Members Deceased or Resigned . . 129 District Secretaries...... 6 Officers of the B o a rd ...... 134 The Middle District (Mr. Daniels’s Report) . . 7 Honorary Members...... 136