A B i o gr a p h i ca l $ u m b er

We present a rarely interesting n umber of our

l The l ittle quarter y , of a biographical character . i s s he . u subject cho en t famous Dr Cyr s Hamlin , one of the most uni queand ori ginal figures in the

' H n history of mi ssion s. e belongs in the front ra k of our American Board heroes . Many have read his autobiography and know of the charm of hi s

hi s personality and the fascination of l ife story . But many have not; and for l ac k of time are not l ikely to peruse this volume from his own pen .

. R . We , therefore , have asked Dr . A Thain to fur ni sh our readers with a condensed account of

Dr H h r k ll nd . e as a Hamlin . , done this with are s i places us all under ob ligation . We suspect our subscribers will wel come other biographi cal

s i s i sketche from time to time , and it qu te pos sible we may be able to ac commodate them . Did you see that coin card which fell out when you opened this number $ A gentle hint that we woul d like very much to ha ve you insert a ten cent piece and send to us so that we may count l you as one of our circ e for another year . I PATTO$ COR$ E$ $ S . H ,

Home S ecretary . C y r u s Ha m l i n , D . D $ $ . D .

B A Th i D D . a y R . n , . . The Ameri can B oard and Cyrus Hamlin were i x born only s months ap art . The Board was 29 1 8 1 0 born at Bradford , Massachusetts , June , , C and yrus Hamlin was born at Waterford , 1 1 1 5 . Maine , January , 8 The infancy of the

Board was very short . It drank of the brook in ’ the way God s brook l ifted up its head and l ooked on worl d - wi de fiel ds white already to b ar s vest , and ordained the first foreign missionarie ever sent out from Ameri ca , on the next day after the birth of Cyrus Hamlin . He had a l onger a infancy , but we shal l soon see that he showed genui s for doing things when he was quite young .

If not a Hercules in the cradle , he was a Haml in , and earl y i n life as well as in his mature strength he coul d strangle the serpents of c. r umstan ce w c ith strong grip .

Th e Ha m li n A n ce s tr y .

The Haml ins were descended from the Hugue Y nots , and the Huguenots are the ankees of - France , skil lful , liberty l oving , and resourceful . Before the Revol utionary War the grandfather — of Cyrus Eleazer Hamlin , dwelt in Massa chusetts , a man of l arge family and l arge ideas . 3 nd He had seventeen children , a one by one as they were born he claimed the continents of the h i s earth for family , at least , in selecting names fi - for his sons . His rst born son was named

Afri canus , the second Ameri cus , the third Asi at

o 1 E uro us. i us , and the fou th p Having nominally conque red all the continents of the 1 worl d , he next began to name his sons afte fam w ous conquerors . T in sons invaded the world as though they coul d not wait for sep arat e sequen w tial births , and together they ent fort h to con quer , bearing the great names of Cyrus and w Hannibal . Of these t in brot hers Hannibal w served his generation in various honorable a y s , w but chiefly by giving to the orl d a son , that Cyrus wh o was destined to wi n inter - continental rep utation by eminent missionary l abors . ’ Three of Eleaz er s sons fought in the R ev olu ti on ar w y War to the end , and as a re ard for su ch faithful servi ce the Massachusetts legisl ature gave to the father a considerable t ra ct of l and in ” the Distri ct of Maine . B ut it proved t o be , l i ke the gifts of the Grecians , dangerous to deal w as w with . Though it not filled ith host ile men l ike the famous wooden horse — y et it abounded in predaceous bears . It was so w sterile , rocky , and il d , that it coul d produce nothing except Spruce trees and bears . But four of Eleazer Hamlin ’ s sons al so received t w grants of l and , in Wa erford , Maine . here t he w so soil was better , and the bears ere not numer ous ; and there Hannibal cleared a piece of l and 1 799 - 1 800 i n , and after buil ding a house and barn was went to Acton , Massachusetts , and j oined in marri age to Susan Faul kner , t he beautiful R daughter of Col onel Faul kner , a sol dier of evo l n r uti o a y fame . w $ Four chil dren ere born to t hem Susan .

R . ebecca , Hannibal , and Cyrus When Cyrus wa a s seven months ol d his f ther died , leaving t o 1 w w two f a1 m s t\\ o 1 and the ca e of the ido , gi ls voun est hu two bo y s , the g having so ge a head comp a1 ed with his f 1 ail b od x that t he C assand ras of the n ei ghb m h ood a1 ned his mothe 1 t hat ” she must never expect to raise that chil d .

But , l i ke that Cyrus named in the Bible . of w I whom G od said , hose right hand have holden ” n th e a to subdue ations before him , feeble inf nt born in Maine h ad been raised $ p for a special purpose , and during nine vi ctorious decades he w $ sho ed abil ity , God enabl ing him , to break in pieces the gates of brass , an d cut asunder the bars of i ron .

E a r l y S ch o o li n g .

w as Cyrus in s chool al l the time , ever learning , and ever able to come to the knowledge of the Hi was truth . s first school that Maine farm ; his first teacher was his moth er ; and his constant w as . teacher mother nature , stern yet kindly She taught him even h ow to fal l downstairs to his advant age . When he was between three and $ w four years ol d he rolled do nstairs one day , and

- John Atherton , the fun loving hired man who had j ust come from the hay— field with a del icious bumblebee honeycomb in his hand , pi c ked up w the b a l ing , bl ack and bl ue boy , gave him the honeycomb , and tol d him that he coul d have another honeycomb if he shoul d fal l down that

flight of stairs again . Whether intentional ly or

- not , the boy took two p ost graduate courses down those stairs before sundown . He was w covered ith bruises , but he received as rewards the Homeri c l aughter of John Atherton , and three honeycombs . His falls from that time on were fal ls up stairs ; and that ful l hive of bitter $ ” sweet experiences , My Life and Times , shows that he coul d extract something sweeter than even the famed honey of Hymettus , from the wormwood and rue of Turkish dupli city .

S u b $e cts f o r E cl o gu e s .

A series of Ecl ogues , or B ucolics , might have been written on the fortunes of that Maine farm , if a Maine $ irgil had been there to put them into $ h ow h i s verse Cyrus and brother , with no better

- tool than a homely horn handled j ackknife , made sleds for coasting and for drawing wood ; h ow w , in their early teens , ith a more varied but w still l imited kit of tools , they rene ed the worn ox - w out farm implements , making bo s , yokes , and tip - carts which c alled forth the admiration of the neighbors ; how Hannibal an d Cyrus con ducted campaign after campaign of cultivation over the fiel ds of that stony farm with a success whi ch did not sul ly the fame of the ancient con uerors h ow q whose names they bore ; , on a certain

M r . training day , when s Haml in h ad given 5 ’ Cyrus seven cents with whi ch to b uy ginger bread , buns , or anything for whi ch his soul lusted with the suggestion that he might drop one or two cents of it into the missionary box kept by Mrs . Farrer he , after struggling with hunger and with a diffi cult problem for hours , finall y cast into the Lord ’ s treasury al l that he not w had , even al l his l iving , because he did kno how to divide seven cents equal ly ; and h ow but time woul d fail me to give al l the subj ects of the unwritten Eclogues , and it will be enough to say that the education of Cyrus was going on all of the time , in the district school part of the year , and on the farm al l the year , fitting him for that varied work which he accomplished in

Turkey , when he turned his ready hand to what soever he found to do , with al l his might , and with astonishing success .

Hi s A p p r e n ti ce s h i p . When Cyrus was about sixteen years old it was decided that his head was too l arge and his body was too frail for farm work . Dr . Gage , the wise

$ . family physician , sai d The boy does not grow m He has not grown for three years . Far work ” will kill him . Give him an education .

To give him the moon , seemed to be as much within the reach of th e mother at that time ; and so it was decided that Cyrus shoul d become a S ilversmith and j eweler , in the establishment of —i n- his brother l aw , Mr . Charles Farley , of Port l and . With a Spirit as resolute as that of Hannibal when he set out to climb the Alps and invade Italy, the brothers j oined their forces for the ’ first day s march of that new campaign . On 6 1 27 January , 8 , a day of storm and severe cold , with their faithful old mare hitched to a sleigh containing the trunk of the younger brother and a l oad of farm produce for the Portl and market , v they co ered forty miles in sixteen hours , arriv ’ ing at Mr . Farley s house cold , hungry , and tired , but happy .

W a s i t a W a s te o f Ti m e $ Why did God permit the future missionary to spend two years and four months of his valuable life i n the shop of a Silversmith $ For the same reason that He permitted an earlier missionary 6 - was to learn the trade of tent making . It p art

of his education . Li ke other men of note he was $ to receive a composite education intentional , w . as and providential ; human , and divine He ’ the Lord s apprenti ce , and the Master Worker of the $ niverse saw that the skil l which Cyrus gained in the use of tools coul d be turned to a

useful purpose , not only then , but many years w after ard on the shore of the Bosphorus . w - fi ve . T enty or thirty years l ater , when Dr Hamlin wal ked through the streets of Constanti nople or along the heights where Robert College was to stand , his hat covered the dome of a Polytechnic Institute ; for he became master of -h e an astonishing variety of trades , al l of whi ch coul d use for the gl ory of God and the good of

humanity . He could drive more than a. dozen t rades , t andem , or abreast , as the case might awav w require ; but they never ran it h hi m , never t urned him aside from the leading purpose t of his life , the advancement of Chris ian Educa

tion . ’ One of Dr . Haml in s admirers once sai d half i n j est and half i n earnest that he w as proficient in sixteen trades and professions ; and ” h i s in book , My Life and Times , he permitted his humor to add to this seeming exaggeration by

i n th i s . intimating that o enumeration Dr B artol probabl y did not reckon some of the trades whi ch he learned that he might minister to the needs of

si c k soldiers during the Crimean War . Some of t hem were strange trades ; but in educating men for their work God often assigns to them w tas ks , hich , for the time , may seem to be inter ru ti ons w p of their life career , but are after ards seen to be important parts of their training .

A n I m p o r ta n t Tu rn i n g P o i n t. The most important event i n the life of Cyrus Hamlin was when he turned to Christ as his per w sonal Saviour , and united ith the church of

w wa . whi ch Dr . Ed ard Payson s pastor At that time Mr . Hamlin was attending an evening school for apprenti ces , and he also began to study the Bible and religious books with great earnest ness . A proof of the maturity of his mind is seen in t he fact that he turned with eagerness to the w Works of Jonathan Ed ards . and t he thoughts of that great theologian passed li ke iron into his

blood . The young apprentice began to attr act atten

tion as a writer and speaker . In competition with his fell ow apprentices wh o attended the - night school , he took a prize for the best essay wa . s on Profane Swearing He much surprised ,

soon after the production of this essay , when Deacon Isaac Smith asked him if he had ever thought that it might be his duty to prep are for

. the ministry . He had never thought of it as a

probability , and when Mr . Smith and others saw began to urge him to consider the matter , he

two serious diffi culties in the way. of such a course $ he had three years yet to serve as app ren

. see ti ce i n the shop of Mr Farley , and he di d not where the money coul d be secured to carry him

through nine years of study .

In deciding , as he did , to study for the minis if i nflu try the way shoul d be opened , he was en ced i n favor of such a course by that l ong series of Resolutions whi ch President Edwards had set up al ong the Appian Way of Duty as he saw it of which this is one $ $ Resolved . To do whatever I think to be my

duty , and most for the good and advantage of

mankind in general . When the struggle whi ch was going on in his

w . mind became kno n , Mr Farley released him

from the terms of his apprenticeship , and Dr . Payson ’ s church voted to assist him in securing

an education .

And so , eighteen years and four months old ,

with the love of God in his heart , with a good degree of mechanical skill at the ends of his fin sum gers , with a small of money in his pocket , R - with Edwardian esolutions in his note book , with an excellent Spirit ” and an excellent spine $ ” in him , he started for Brighton Academy to begin another stage of his education .

B ri gh to n A ca d em y a n d B o w d o i n

C o ll e é e .

Certain H amli nesque qualities of mind and character developed strength during his academi c days . He gave himself to plain living , and strenuous thinking . He learned the first book of the ZEneid so well that he could repe at it with 8 $ the t t b to out ex from eginning end . He some times studied from five in the morning until ten at

night breakfasting on mathematics , dining on

dead l anguages , and supping on science , trying stud v t to crowd two years of in o one , but taking t hought of that kind did not hinder him from adding more inches to his physical stature

that year than in any previous year of his life . Cyrus Hamlin not only profi ted by the studies h e n of his college course , but added somethi g t o

his studies which was not a part of the curriculum , d a providential elective , as his after life reveale One day Professor Smyth delivered a lecture on ’ the steam engine , to Hamlin s class , not one of i whom , perhaps , had ever seen a steam eng ne . Those were the days of the stage - coach and the x — o team . After the lecture he said to Professor Smyth $ I believe I coul d make an engine that ” its w would make any one see orking . $ The Professor replied $ I think you can make t any hing you undertake , Hamlin , and I wish you ’ woul d try .

He did try, and succeeded . He took a vacation

of two or three months , read Lardner on the steam engine , secured the use of a Shop and tools in Port

land , and by working ten , twelve , and sometimes

fifteen hours each day , he built a steam engine

not a mere toy , but a working model sufficiently l arge to be of real service as a part of the philo

sophical apparatus of the college . He received in payment $ 1 75 only part of its cost if l abor of hand and brain were fully estimated — but it was part of his fitting to be a captain of industry

years afterwards , when he was making flour , mak ing bread , and making men .

S em i n a r y $ i f e a n d P r e a ch i n g . After completing his studies in Bowdoin Col lege , Mr . Hamlin went to Bangor Seminary to take his theological course . He had already decided that he woul d work for the Lord on foreign soil ; but the worl d is large ; in what part of it $ was shoul d he l abor China his first choice , and

Afri ca was his second , but the predestination of Providence was fitting him for work $ Among the ” Turks - the title of one of hi s books though that fact did not come within the horizon of his vision for a number of years .

During his third year in the seminary Mr . Ham 9 e lin applied to the Board for missionary s rvice . stating his preference for China , or Afri ca , as fields of l abor . In February of that year he received a letter from the Board , appointing him to C0 11 l stanti nO p e and to education . The news was surp 1 i si ng . The experience as somewhat l ike i n that of Ezekiel , when , the vision of God , he seemed to be transp o1 ted through Space and brought to the city of Jerusalem . To be taken by the Spirit and transported half around the world in an instant , from Canton to Constantinople , almost took away the breath of the modern Ezekiel ; but he had enough breath left to enable h is w him to hasten to room , here he Shut himself $ w p ith the Lord that he might , with the ai d of

$ ’ - re . the Spirit , orient himself

It did not take long . Like Constantine of old , he spread the map of the Eastern Worl d before him , put his finger on the Short strait which con e w ne ts t he Bl ack Sea ith the Sea of Marmora , and concluded that it was a st1 ategi c point of g 1 eat $ w ” importance . It means a good ork , he said ; $ G odell w excellent and noble associates , , D ight , h auffi er B1 oosa 1 S , Holmes , and , at , Schneide and P 1 ox 1 Powers . He accepted the assignment of dence with j oyful alacri ty . And with like j oyful alacrity he wished t hat three desired events might come to him soon after $ completing his seminary course to marry , to be ordained , and to depart for Constantinople . But the officers of the Board informed him that for various reasons he could not be sent at once , and the months of waiting extended into a year ’ s w del ay . He did not ait in idleness , but preached a was in various churches s temporary supply , and invited to become the pastor of the $ nion Church in Worcester ; but he steadfastlv set his face to go to Constantinople . 1 828 was On September , he married to Henri a etta Loraine J ckson , and one month l ater t hey sailed for Constantinople , arriving in the cit y on - 1 w an arv 8 29 . the t enty ninth of J u .

O b s ta cl e s . The first need of a missionar y is that he should w become familiar , as soon as possible , ith one or more of the l anguages used in the country where he is to l abor ; but Mr . Hamlin soon discovered that the representatives of Turke y and Russia 1 0 were trying to l ay an embargo on language . He might Speak English , but he must remain tongue tied as to Armenian and Turkish , if craft and force

could prevent him from acquiring those l anguages .

His first Armenian teacher had to flee for his life .

Mesrob e, his second teacher , was an accomplished

Russian Armenian , but soon after Mr . Hamlin began to profit by his valuable instruction the long arm of despotic Russia captured him with the connivance of the Turkish officials and he would have been sent to Siberia had he not escaped before reaching Russian soil . The group of missionaries in Constantinople were naturally indignant that Russi a Shoul d turn her hand h a ffl r . Sc u e against them in such a way , and Dr ,

as their representative , hastened to the pal ace of the Russian ambassador and entered a protest ’ against the deportation of Mr . Hamlin s teacher ; but Amb assador Bouti neff haughtily replied $ h ffi r . Sc au e I might as well tell you , Mr , that the R Emperor of ussia , who is my master , will never ” allow Protestantism to set foot in Turkey . h ffi r . Sc au e But Dr , not at all crushed by such — Bouti neff mighty manners for he outranked , being the ambassador of Christ bowed low to R the ussian ambassador , and said with equal dignity and with better backing $ Your Excel e len y , the kingdom of Christ , who is my Master , will never ask the Emperor of Russia where it may ’ set its foot .

Mr . Hamlin had come from the l an d of David ’ Crockett , where obstacles cannot long hinder

progress . He was sure that he was right and went

R . ahead , in Spite of ussia and Turkey Sooner might they dam the flow of the Dardanelles than

to stop the progress of pure religion . The one has the push of the seas behind it , but the other responds to the pull of Omnipotence .

B e b ek S em i n a r y .

’ Mr . Hamlin s first foothold for effective servi ce was Bebek Seminary . It was one of the most

unique institutions ever established , as to means of

support and modes of training . It was designed to promote the education of advanced students

through the medium of the English l anguage , and to use industrial occupations as a source of self supp o1 t foi the students while pursuing their

education . Nothing unique in that $ Pe1 h aps 1 1 not ; b utthe way in which the plan was carried n through to success was decidedly u ique . 1 as ffi as The sea . ch for a site was almost di cult was the capture of Constantinople , when it taken by the Turks in 1 453 . The first parallel towards permanent occupation was the renting of a large i n s house the village of Bebek , close to Con tanti no le p , but far enough removed to be free from the dirt and dogs , and part of the obstructive domina tion of that city . Into this building Mr . Hamlin 4 1 840 two moved in November , , taking with him students and great hopes . 1 He at once began to work out the salvation of his hopes with boldness and firm resolution , and

God evidently wrought with him , to will and to do of His good pleasure . The two students soon A increased to twelve . They were rmenians , and the Armenian priest secured a list of their names , with the intention of breaking up the school by utfl anked e . o forc , but Mr Hamlin the movement by dismissing the students for a few weeks and sending them home , where , headed by their par ents , they brought such influences to bear on the Armeni an Patriarch that they soon came back to stay , reinforced by two recruits . In 1 84 1 the seminary was removed to a larger building in the same village , and the fourteen 1 4 students became twenty . In 8 3 the citadel e of the seminary was enter d , the great house of Cheleb Yor aki y g , a man of wealth who became the friend of Mr . Hamlin , and there he held the fort for many years until he made his final move ment for Christian education at Constantinople , the establishment of Robert College . In the curriculum of the seminary the attain ment of the English l anguage was made prom i nent was , and there a thorough course in mathe m ati cs , physics , chemistry , natural and moral philosophy , history and geography , and daily - was exercise i n Bible study . Armenian studied under an accomplished Armenian professor , and Bebek Seminary took an honorable part in the renaissance of the Armenian language .

A Po ly te ch n i c I n s ti tu te .

a Bebek Seminary , guided by the univers l

we . genius of Mr . Hamlin $ must soon call him Dr Hamlin$ gradually became the busy center of many industries . The range of activity in the 1 2 school with its industrial annexes extended from carpentry to chemistry , from the making of - S - rat traps to mathematics , from heet iron work to syllogisms , from milling to moral philosophy , from laundry work on a l arge scale to the cleansing of lives , and from making bread on a commercial scale to the making of a superior quality of men .

Bebek Seminary , like some other institutions was destined to greatness , founded on faith rather than on invested funds . No ; it was founded on ; Faith and Works Its founder had to make it , if not from nothing , why , from something next to i i n nothing . He found so many difficulties ly ng overcom the path of success , and his methods of f ing those di ficulties were so daring and original , that his missionary associates at Constantinople and the officers of the Board at Boston guardedly gave him permission to carry out his pl ans , while they stood watching with fear and trembling as to results . But this Stamboul Samson strong in mental ity rather than in muscle never was caught nap ping by his enemies , never permitted himself to be bound by them , never lost his clear vision , never blundered , never turned the j awbone of a man against his enemies except with victorious power , never toppled Bebek Seminary in ruins upon the heads of its inmates ; but always by dint of p a tience S , push , hrewdness , practical talent and tire less energy, carried his pl ans through to success .

Mr . Hamlin had to make , or adapt , many of the o mental t ols which he used . For use in the seminary he had to transl ate works on mental and moral philosophy , mathematical works , and other books used by his students . Most of the students came to him poorly cl ad , and they had very little money with whi ch to meet their expenses . They Sit could not at his feet , properly cl ad , and in their S right minds , without material help . How hould it be brought about $ He did not ask the Board for means with which to organi ze an industrial department , but by personal solicitation he secured a smal l sum of money from English mechani cs and engineers in government employ , and providing tools and materials he fitted up a workshop in the base ment of the seminary building , where he taught the students to make Sheet -iron stoves and stove i p pe . 1 3 That percussion orchestra in t he b asement was far from musical , but it brought in t he mone y . At that date there was hardly a chimne y in Con stanti nO le b ut th e p , except in the kitchens , faith w w and orks of Mr . Haml in and his students rought r philanthropi c e sults . Instead of saying t o the $ w Turks , Depart in peace , be ye armed and ” filled ; they warmed and filled them . There was also reflex action ; for by the profits of the industr y w y w the students ere warmed and filled . The ere able to clothe themselves neatly , and had money for other necessary expenses . - -w Neither did hand work hinder head ork . In $ $ a Speaking of it Mr . Hamlin said I bec me fully ’ convinced that two or three hours work every day , leaving Saturday afternoon free for recrea was tion , promotive of studious habits . of g ood ” morals , and manly character .

Z e n o p e .

Like Sir Humphry Davy , Mr . Hamlin thought that he had discovered an Armenian Farada y his name was Z en Op e who had i n him th e potential qualities of a great chemist . He made such progress in chemistry that Mr . Hamlin w a t desired to send him to Engl and , where a e l hy manufacturer of drugs had promised t o give Z enO e p a practical training in chemistry , and t hen to establ ish him in Constantinople at the he ad of a drug pl ant whi ch woul d surpass anything else in the city.

When Mr . Hamlin tol d the young Armenian of the brilliant opportunities which might be his for f t the accepting , he was a fected even to ears . but more by the kindness of h is teacher than b y the thought that he must count all things but l oss for ’ Christ s sake . Out of a full heart and a deep con $ You can secration he said are my father , but I w m y S av not accept it. W hen I kne Christ as i our $ , I made a covenant with Him that if He w w m y ould help me through , I ould devote life as a teacher to my poor countr y men . t he ” Armenians . w His teacher kindly reasoned ith him . t ried t o show him that by making money as a chemis t he coul d help his countrymen , and asked him t o pray a y Z eno e over it . But fter thanking him warml p $ ” re plied $ M y life is fi xed ; I cannot ch an ge . — He. had caught t he self sacri ficing spirit of his 1 4 f t hat great Teacher at whose lessons of self— denying service ; S Armeni an Faraday went to Aintab as a on a salary of but little more than t welve w per month , here his l abors p repared t he

r Aintab College .

O v erw h e m i n Su cce s s . l g .

Dr . Hamlin and his students gained such Skill in the use of tools that the Turks thought he must w h be in league ith t e powers of darkness . They was Y hi s thought that he a ankee Satan , and that w wa orkshop s filled with ancillary devils . His missionary associates at Constantinople and the f O o fi cers of the Board did not Share in this pinion , but they gradually and decidedly came to the conclusion that he was leaving the work of God

H A M $ I $ H A $ $ R O BE R T C O $ $ E G E , too much of the time to serve tables and save w students from al king in rags . They tol d him so; and to bring matters to an issue they tol d him w that industrial ork in the seminary must cease . It was as though a committee from Antioch had told Paul that he must cease from making tents .

Dr . Hamlin thought that hand and head might ’ r w work in ha mon y , for Christ s sake . Every blo struck in the Shop was intended to buil d up th e kingdom of Christ When he devoted part of t he day to productive ind ustry it was not that he s loved schol asti c studies le s , but that he l oved H $ men more . e wanted to cover the l ooped an al 1 5 w indowed raggedness of his students , and to provide the means of meeting other necessary expenses while they were gaining an education . w But he caught the complainers ith guile . He Sh O w saved his p by humor , of hich he had a large — on — share . He complied paper with the request to close his Shop , but said that it would take two or three weeks to settle accounts and to dispose of tools and materials . In the same com muni cati on he told his associates at Constanti no le - two p that he had forty students , most of whom were dependent on the industrial work carried on in the seminary for the means of sup i h w t. por They were rags hen they came , but they had worked their way out of rags to sartorial decency and a good degree of independence . At the same time their studies had been carried for ward with due diligence and gratifying success . hi s He was fully willing , however , that associates Should take on themselves the responsibility of supplying the physical needs of his students . Would they accept the responsibility $ Fancy the smile that crept around the corners of his firm mouth while he was writing this diplo w matic statement . Fancy the consternation hich $ y fell on his associates when they read it He sa s , in speaking of the result $ I believe the note was

w . read , and absolute Silence follo ed , unti l Dr

Goodell , who could never fail of seeing the humor -if wa t ous side , there s one , burst in o a l augh , and moved that Brother Hamlin take his own w ay ’ 3 e w to keep out rags . His industrial annex s ere saved saved to serve . more and more .

B r e a d o n th e B o s p h o ru s . It woul d require too much time to Speak with descriptive fullness of the triumphs of Dr . Hamlin as master of many trades . We must also guard against leaving the impression on any mind that his chief success l ay along the line of industrial

. 0 work N , he was a Christian Educator , the founder of what has become a great college ; and b - was his industrialism was y pl ay , it the overplus of his genius , and instead of turning him aside in w was the least degree from his life ork , it used by w him to help forward that ork . During the Cri mean War he might have become a man of l arge wealth if he had consented t o take army contracts w to supply bread on a large scale . but he ished 1 6 munity of students of which he was head was in Spi ri t a fo rei g n colony ; might thev not h av e t heir own mill and bake ry $ We must not tell of the skirmishes and battles whi ch soon began to hinder the progress of t hat

. w stolen march But event s do go for ard , even f w in Turkey , in Spite of o ficial obstructions . hen rf t hey feel the push of a maste ul man l ike Dr .

Hamlin ; and in due time , having good flour . he was ready to add a new trade to the man y which

$

. he had then at his command that of baker . Might not a chemist make good bread $ He w as had the theory in his head , the next thing to have the art at his finger ends . Well , he tried it , w and this is the ay that he speaks of the result . $ My bread came out as flat as a pancake , and too sour for mortal man to eat . The next was better , wa h h l s . t e e and the third eatable With o p of a Grecian bread - maker he was soon selling bread w so so s eet , palatable , and . so much above the w $ ’ ” legal eight per loaf , that Hamlin s bread became famous . One day he was invited to visit the Milit ary t w was w Hospital at Scu ari , hich then filled ith w w Sick and ounded soldiers . the physical recks

- of that ill managed Crimean War . Dr . Maplet on , ’ R to $ Lord aglan s chief physician , said him Are you Hamlin the Baker $” ” m Si r . a No , ; replied Dr Hamlin , I the ”

R . . everend Mr Hamlin . an American Missionary $ That is about as correct as an y thing I get in \I l $ I . a eton . this country , Said Dr p send for a a bake r and get a missiona r y . Thank God I ’m not a heathe n that I Should want a mission ary . Befo re the misunde rstanding had gone too far h ow was w as Dr . Hamlin explained it t hat he both a missionary and a maker of bread ; and the result of the conference was that he went awa y with a contract t o supply the hospitals with a large quant ity of bread each day at a profitable rate per y et w was pound , and a rate hich fully one half less t han t he p rice which th e English G overnment had been paving for sou r b i ead which the sick S sold ie1 coul d h ai dly eat . The quality of the b read furnished for the hospi to fi rst- a t al s continued be cl ass , but the qu ntity inc reased until it was S ix thousand pound s dail y fo r was t he hospitals alone . and l ater it double w t hat amount . Like the manna in t he ilderness 1 8 ’

to . Dr . Hamlin s bread refused fall on t he Sabbat h When t his was announced he seemed likely t o lose hi s cont ract ; but owing to the fact that the souls of the soldiers loathed the heavy sour bread which th e the y had formerly eaten , hospital authorities consented to receive th e bread for Sunday on

Sat urday e vening . Flo re nce Night in gale introduced the bread in S itals Sh e w as h O p of which the ministering angel , and the demand for it increased to such an extent that t he mill of the American missionary coul d grind onl y a small p art of the flour which his con tract called for . He bought wheat by the Ship load . and thousands of barrels of flour at a time . It was Florence Nightingale who insisted that ’ H nrli n w a s . Dr . bread shoul d be retained hen Dr Menzies and a dishonest government purveyor tried t o break the contract by Spoiling $500 worth the of bread through fermentation , and by sub sti tuti n g for it bread made of bad materials , that it mi ght be condemned by the commissariat as Dr . ’

e . Hamlin s br ad The tri ck succeeded for a t ime , b ut when such under - handed meanness was to w R brou g ht the kno ledge of Lord aglan , he r orde ed t hat Dr . Menzies Should be dismissed , and that another bread contract Shoul d be made with

Dr . Hamlin . That was one of his successful failures ; for the price of flour rose one - half in the interval when hi s t ovens were having a rest , hus saving him wa w from a large l oss . The contract s rene ed on ' f l ly avorab e to . n ot on terms Dr Hamlin , and he supplied th e h O Spitals with much more bread than

before . but he added to his industries an extensive trade in roasted coffee he supplied food to Rus sian prisoners hel d in Constantinople ; he invented and made washing- machines and washed the - filt hy . vermin i nfested garments of British sol diers when t he Armenian women whom he had em ployed refused to wash them by hand ; and he r might have had other cont acts , aggregating hund reds of thousands of dolla rs per yea r if he

had been inclined to accept them . But he had gone to Constantinople in the ser of vice Christ , not to take l ucrat ive army con $ hi s w tracts and in all industrial activity , hether it w as teaching a poor Armenian h ow to make and sell Bost on rat - traps for the support of himself and

others . or teaching himself h ow to temper mill 1 9 pi cks for the dressing of his mill - stones when no one else coul d or would do it , or making flour , making bread , making stoves diligently doing a score of things he was all the time about his ’ i n a Master s b uS ss.

And his Master received all of the profits . Part - b of the returns were turned into near y channels , for the support of Bebek Seminary and its stu dents ; but with the surplus of he built t hirteen churches for the American Board in various parts of the Turkish Empire .

Indeed , he gave for the work of the Board more money than he received as salary during the entire a period of his service . Such w s not his intention when he went to Constantinople , but his unique o personality , following the leadings of Pr vidence , - had made him a self sustaining missionary . But more than that , he enabled scores of young men to gain an education who never could h ave attained to that blessing had he not taught them to help themselves by various handicrafts . It is said by those who have travelled widely in the Turkish

Empire , that here and there , often in very humble houses , the one picture hanging on the wall Shows the strong features of Dr . Hamlin and that if he is not revered as Saint Hamlin in those houses , he is remembered as the wise friend and generous helper of many students who Since that time have done the work of men . Bebek Seminary came to an end as an institution , but as a quickening force no one can estimate the extent of its work . In 1 860 it was decided to remove the seminary ’

Marsovan . to , and Dr Hamlin s direct connection with the American Board came to an end , that he might devote his energies to the l arge work of founding a college at Constantinople .

Ro b ert C o ll e g e .

For more than a ye ar before the removal of

- M arsov an . Bebek Seminary to , Dr Hamlin had been planning his next and greatest campaign , the establishment of a high - g rade college at ’ Constantinople . Then began a ten years war with the Turks for the possession of a good Site for the institution , for he began to search for a 1 859 - site in , and the corner stone of the college

4 1 869 . building was not laid until July , He earnestly coveted the best Site , a commanding elevation overlooking the Bosphorus , not far from 20 the city ; but the o wner woul d not t reat fo r it at any price . The Turks were as litt le in favor of an American college overlooking Const antinople as they would have been of pe rmitt ing t he plant ing of an . American fortress at t he mouth of the

l . ai r as Dardanel es A college in the . the dream of Dr . Hamlin , they coul d not prevent , but t hey were determined to keep his college in the air if en possible . For nearly t years he walked about w Stamboul , not to tell her to ers . mark her bul w arks , and consider her palaces , but that he might gain legal possession of some spot where he could erect a tower of Truth from the top of which bet ter things might be seen for Turkey than from any minaret of the capital city . Twent y -three sites were examined and aban m t . do ed , as unsuitable or una tainable The w - was t enty fourth Site purchased , not as 0 11 thew entirely satisfactory , but as hole the best ” att ainable . But before building operations w began , the original Site hich Dr . Hamlin had two tried to purchase some years before . the com R - was manding Site on the heights of umeli Hissar , offered to him at a reasonable price . He t hanked $ God , took courage , bought t he site , and said ” Let us arise and buil d . w But hen preparations for building began , an o fficer of th e Sublime Porte appeared on the scene $ $ r and politely said t o Dr . Hamlin Some fo mali w ties are still not completed . and y ou must ait f r was unt il they are. When t he o fice asked how long it woul d take to complete the formali $ ”

$ w . ties , he said Perhaps a couple of eeks But in Turkey , of making many obst ructions there is w s no end . and much waiting becomes a earines w w to t he flesh . The eeks of ait ing ran on into r r b y r yea s . unt il ten yea s passed befo e the Site

r rwar . o iginall y selected . and afte ds purchased to could be used . It belonged the college legally , but the Se raglio would not give Dr . Hamlin per mission t o begin to build . But the Sublime Porte could not thus defeat e the man from Maine . He retreat d to the unused building formerl1 occupied b y Bebek Seminar1 . and the re with a fo rce of teache rs he opened Rob rt 1 11 1 863 r r e College , so called because Ch istophe R r $ ew Y r R . obe ts of o k gave considerable sums of money for the est ablishment of the institution .

It would make too long a story t o tell what Dr. Hamlin did for Robert College during the seven teen years that he gave to it the best work of his life ; h ow he j ourneyed many thousands of miles to raise funds for it in Engl and and in the $ nited

States ; how , during the eight years that the college did its work within the insu fficient premises of the former Bebek Seminary the attendance increased until there were scores of applicants wh o could not be received for l ack of room ; how the visit of Admiral Farragut to Constantinople in 1 868 was construed by Sultan Abdul Aziz as a possible threat that the $ nited States woul d use force in R l the interests of obert College , and an imperia r rescript was hastily granted , placing the prope ty

and rights of the college on a secure basis ; how , in 1 71 fine 8 , the college moved into the buil ding

which Dr . Hamlin had pl anned and erected for it R - on the heights of umeli Hissar ; and how , after toiling for the establishment of the college for s eventeen years like a Hercules , and teaching in it ’ i like a Socrates , Dr . Haml in s connection w th it came to a sudden end no one knows j ust t why except , perhaps , that two mas erful men ,

. R Dr Hamlin and Mr . oberts , came to a point

where they coul d not work in full harmony .

Sti ll Pr e s s i n g $ o rw a r d . His connection with Robert College came to an 1 877 end in , and was one of the severest trials of

his life . He could have di ed for Robert College

with j oy , if his death would have advanced its

interests , but to live apart from $ an institution into which he had put so much work and about which his brightest earthly hopes clustered how could he adj ust himself to that $ He coveted work , work for which he was eminently fitted , and $ in whi ch he found j oy . Leopol d says , Woul dst ’ thou discover Nature s true path to happiness $ Listen to her first command $ Labor $ The hours fly swiftly to him who has daily occupation ; and ’ S lifetime creeps lowly away with the idle .

All his life long Dr . Hamlin had found j oy in i as work , in bringing th ngs to p s , and for seven teen years he had been doing something which was worthy of the best that was in him , and had received his best . He thought that it was a work hi w ch , for a time , might tempt a soul to forego the bliss of heaven . The wri ter heard him say at a meeting of the American Board , that the time of 23 his departure from this world was at hand ; and that after entering the $ ew Jerusalem and looking t at the glories of the heavenl y city for a short ime , he would like to make a straight shoot for Con l stanti nO p e. It was easy to Speak thus to a sympathetic audience when the disappointments of life lay $ was beneath him , and he close upon the Shining table - lands to which our God Himself is moon and sun but to be banished from Constantinople and from Robert College when he had yet about — five twenty years to live on earth , still full of life and activity h ow could he endure it $ How nobly he did endure it hi s after life abun d antl few y testified , but in this Sketch only a par, h agrap s can be given to the narration . Though cast down by what might almost be R termed his eviction from obert College , Dr . wa Hamlin evidently s not destroyed . With w his admirable resiliency of spirit he rote book , $ ” Among the Turks , in the first three months after passing through what he termed one of the $ ” great defeats of his life — the one j ust men ti oned — but in that book one cannot detect a

Single note of defeat . Indeed , he dipped his pen in sunshine ; and do wn to the close of his life his letters and his literary productions glowed with w delightful humor and sparkled with brilliant it. w The book by hich he will be longest remembered , ” My Life and Times , is one of the raciest and most readable autobiographies in American literature . was w Because this preacher ise , he still taught the people knowledge . Not only did he find out w many acceptable ords , even words of truth , words that are as Lowell puts it — li ke nails in temple walls to hang armor on ; but for nearly a decade of the remaining y ears of his life two institutions of learning profited by his gifts as teacher and administrator . For three years he filled the chair of theology in Bangor Theological Seminary ; and for five years he was President of $ Middlebury College in ermont , lifting that institution out of debt and discouragement to an assured position of strength and usefulness . The l ast fifteen years of his life on earth he dwelt in his own house in Lexington . Massa ch usetts , still preaching from time to time the w kingdom of God , and teaching those things hich 24

C O $ DI TI O $ A $ G I $ TS

Some wh o read t hese words m ay be inclined t o consi der making a gift t o t he c Board on the Annu ity P lan , in onne c tion with what we cal l o ur Conditional ” Gift Fund . This pl an h as commended itself t o s o m any t h at scarcely a wee k goes by when w e d o not re cei ve some such off er . The fund now amounts to over This p lan en ab les one t o give during life and yet have the benefit of a needed income , wit hout any of the resp onsib ility and care in cident t o th e investment and m anagement of funds . We Shall be gl ad to send a ful l d escrip tion of t h is p lan to any who m ay inquire of u s. Al l correspondence as t o leg acies or conditional gifts Sh ould be wit h Frank 1 4 . a H Wi ggin , Treasurer , Be con Street ,

Boston , Mass . THE E$ $ E$ O P E S ERI ES

A M I S S I O $ ARY $ $ ARTE R$ Y

A$ $ $ A$ S $ B S C RI PTI O $ , 1 0 C E $ TS

I

$ a lu ab l e $ u m b er s Re ce n tl y I s s u e d

Why I B el ieve in Foreign Missions . D D wa . . By Ed rd Everett Hale ,

D D . Theodore T . Mu nger , .

Hon . David J. Brewer

r Hon . John W . Foste

The Hayst ack Prayer Meetin g . P D h . a r n a n . By E dward W r e C pe ,

The Need of the World . As seen by our Representatives on the

Foreign Field .

n nd Foreig Missions a Evan gelism . e en c S v ab le arti les by wel l kn own writers .

The Gi ant Awakened . ll a Am D D ek h n S . . . a By Wi i m ent , , P ing , C i

n na i n n Co gregatio l Missions I di a. s n c a By Mis A sti e Abbott , Bombay , Indi

r a $ ew a n Christ the C e tor of the J p a .

G ri fli s D D By Wi l liam Ell iot , . .

27 Send cont ribu tions for the work of the Amer ican Bo ard to R $ F AN H . WIGGI N , Treasurer ,

n Co greg ational House , Boston .

Literature and leaflets of the American Board m ay be had by addressi n g G 4 . 1 John Hosmer , Congregational House ,

Beacon street , Boston , M ass . Or at the offices of the Di stri ct Secretari es D D h v . . 4 Re . t C C Creegan , . . , avenue and 22d ew Y $ . street , ork City Ph D 1 Rev . . . . . 53 A N Hit chcoc k , , La Salle

street , Chi cago , Il l .

v . . Re H Melvi lle Tenney , Barker B loc k , Berke

ley , Cal .

RY R THE MISSION A HE ALD .

r 75 Single , subsc i ptions , cents ; in clubs of 50 ten , cents each .

R or $ FO M BE$ EST .

I give , devise and bequeath unto the Amer i can Bo ard of Comm i ssi oners for Foreign Mis

i ncof orated u 1 8 1 2 p in M assach setts in , th e sum of dollars to be expe nded for the appropri ate ob jects of said corporation .

28