Project Truth, Project Democracy, Public Diplomacy &

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Project Truth, Project Democracy, Public Diplomacy & Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Raymond, Walter: Files Folder Title: [Unfoldered – Project Truth, Project Democracy, Public Diplomacy & NED June 1986] Box: RAC Box 7 To see more digitized collections visit: https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digitized-textual-material To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/white-house-inventories Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/research- support/citation-guide National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ WITHDRAWAL SHEET Ronald Reagan Library Collection Name RAYMOND, WALTER: FILES Withdrawer SMF 7/14/2011 File Folder [PROJECT TRUTH, PROJECT DEMOCRACY, PUBLIC FOIA DIPLOMACY, AND NED JUNE 1986] M430 Box Number 7 LAMB, CHRISTOPHER 73 ID DocType Document Description No of Doc Date Restrictions 115223 MINUTES ACTIVE MEASURES WORKING GROUP 3 6/9/1986 Bl B3 6/5/86 MEETING P 11/21/2002 F95-041/2 #83; PAR M430/2 B6 #115223 115224MEMO ACTIVE MEASURES MEMO #8 OF 1986 5 6/4/1986 Bl B3 P 11/21/2002 F95-041/2 #83; PAR M430/2 #115224 115226 NOTES HANDWRITTEN IN PENCIL AND PEN ON 1 ND Bl YELLOW LEGAL PAPER RE ACTIVE MEASURES WORKING GROUP ET AL R 7/19/2000 NLSF95-041/2 #85 115228 NOTES HANDWRITTEN PEN ON YELLOW LEGAL 1 ND Bl PAPER RE CHERNOBYL R 7/19/2000 NLSF95-041/2 #86 115231 CABLE 170137ZJUN 86 [STATE 190562] 1 6/17/1986 Bl p 8/27/1999 NLSF95-041/2 #87 115232 CABLE 050024Z JUN 86 2 6/5/1986 Bl B3 D 7/3/2000 F95-041/2 #88; UPHELD M430/2 #115232 115234 NOTES HANDWRITTEN IN GREEN PEN 1 11/7/1986 Bl R 7/19/2000 NLSF95-04:l./2 #89 Freedom of Information Act - [5 u.s.c. 552{b)] B-1 National security classlfled Information [(b){1) of the FOIAJ B-2 Release would disclose Internal personnel rules and practices of an agency [(b){2) of the FOIAJ B-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIAJ B-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confldentlal or flnanclal Information [{b){4) of the FOIAJ B-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted Invasion of personal privacy [(b){6) of the FOIA] B-7 Release would disclose Information complied for law enforcement purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA] B-8 Release would disclose Information concerning the regulation of flnanclal Institutions [(b){8) of the FOIAJ B-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical Information concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIAJ C. Closed In accordance with restrictions contained In donor's deed of gift. WITHDRAWAL SHEET Ronald Reagan Library Collection Name RAYMOND, w ALTER: FILES Withdrawer SMF 7/14/2011 File Folder [PROJECT TRUTH, PROJECT DEMOCRACY, PUBLIC FOIA DIPLOMACY, AND NED JUNE 1986] M430 Box Number 7 LAMB, CHRISTOPHER 73 ID Doc Type Document Description No of Doc Date Restrictions 115236 CABLE 0221162 JUN 86 3 6/2/1986 Bl B3 D 7/3/2000 F95-041/2 #90; PAR M430/2 #115236 115241 MINUTES ACTIVE MEASURES WORKING GROUP 3 6/20/1986 Bl B3 6/19/86 MEETING p 11/21/2002 F95-041/2 #91; PAR M430/2 B6 #115241 115242 MINUTES ACTIVE MEASURES WORKING GROUP 3 7/8/1986 Bl B3 7/8/86 MEETING p 11/21/2002 NLSF95-041/2 #92 B6 115243 MEMO ACTIVE MEASURES MEMO #9 OF 1986 5 6/18/1986 Bl B3 P 11/21/2002 NF95-041/2 #93; PAR M430/2 #115243 115244 MEMO ACTIVE MEASURES MEMO #10 OF 1986 4 7/2/1986 Bl B3 P 11/21/2002 F95-041/2 #94; PAR M430/2 #115244 Freedom of Information Act• (5 U.S.C. 552(b)] B-1 National security classified Information [(b)(1) of the FOIA) B-2 Release would disclose Internal personnel rules and practices of an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA) B-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA] B-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial Information [(b)(4) of the FOIA) B-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted Invasion of personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA) B-7 Release would disclose Information complied for law enforcement purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA] B-8 Release would disclose Information concerning the regulation of financial Institutions [(b)(S) of the FOIA) B-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical Information concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA) C. Closed In accordance with restrictions contained In donor's deed of gift. WITHDRAWAL SHEET Ronald Reagan Library Collection: RAYMOND, WALTER: Files Archivist: lov File Folder: [Project Truth, Project Democracy, Public Date: January 27, 1998 Di lomac , and NED 6/86 OA 91162 Ioo2o~i~trr ::1 DATE NO.ANDTYPE 1. minutes Active fvieas~es ',Vorkini3-r~up 6/V86 m_1reting (3) 6/9/86 1>~-r. ,, u If>-;, -oa, 2 -,, e 2. memo Active Meas res Memo 8 of 19861 (5) 6/4/86 f, -fl , .et al ~q A 7/tr/e,c, /JL'?F'i-S--oy,/-t.. .#s--, 5. cable 1701372 JUN 86 (1) .¥LS r--V:r .i;;i ~j "J i''"l 6/17/86 Pl 6. cable 0500242 JUN 86 (2) L) ~ /3/t::Jo ~e;.F9r--o'ff/'- _,.. J:-~ 6/5/86 Pl/F~ 8. cable 0221162 JUN 86 (3) P 7/3 e>e> - Pl/P), 9. minutes ;ive Meas%es/Worki"r:{;roup ~ 9/8~meeting (3) 6/20/86 Pl ,o,,&b ~+• I/ I b Z, 5-if/l }, q/ 10. minutes tive.peasures Working roup /8/86 meeting (3) 7/8/86 Pl I 8:J ,t, ~ ,,,. r -11-CjZ, 6/18/86 Pl 11. memo Activ}Measures Memo #9 of 1986 (5) 2#,qJ I {33 ?At ~ ' 12. memo i\ctive Measures Memo # 10 of 1986 ( 4) 7/2/86 Pl 'f I Id (,q ff' ,- r -a,q RESTRICTION CODES Presidential Records Act• [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)) Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)] P-1 National security classified information l(a)(1) of the PRA]. F-1 National security classified information ((b)(1) of the FOIA). P-2 Relating to appointment to Federal office l(a)(2) of the PRA]. F·2 Release could disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an agency ((b)(2) of the P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute l(a)(3) of the PRA]. FOIA] . P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or financial information F-3 Release would violate a Federal statue ((b)(3) of the FOIA]. ((a)(4) of the PRA]. F-4 Release '-NOUld disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or financial information P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President and his advisors. or [(b)(4) of the FOIA]. between such advisors l(a)(5) of the PRA]. F-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy [(b)(6) of the P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy [(a)(6) of FOIA). the PRA]. F-7 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement purposes ((b)(7) of the FOIA]. C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in dono(s deed of gift. F-8 Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement purposes ((b)(8) of the FOlA]. F-9 Release would disclose geological or geophysical information concerning -lls [(b)(9) of the FOIA]. □ United States Department of State ~ S- / ;· 0£o~ Washington, D.C. 20520 June 9, 1986 SEp,¢/NOFORN > MEMORANDUM TO: Active Measures working Group ,~,a..,/.p FROM: INR/ID - Kathleen C. ~□ SUBJEC'r: Minutes of Working Group Meeting Sec. 3 -~ b .') of . June 5, 1986 ~- .fc_ The meeting was chaired by Dr. Baile~. Att ending wi re: Dr. Lenczowsk~ (NSC), Mr. Romerstein (USIA), [ ~ I I J, Mr. Copp (U8IA), Mr. Houghton~~,F~B~I=--),- M~r- ._____,S~h-e~ren (INR/IC), Mr. Knecht (PA OAP), Ms. Friedt (INR SEE), Mr. B.a po port ( I NR/ IC ) , ~~===:c:==;;=d----,--,------,----,~:=:::;:===.==:=::::c_-:-:---;-.J' Mr • Thompson (ARA/RPP), Mr. Valentine FBI), and Mr. Harbin ( EAP/RA). I. Publications Ms. Friedt completed the first draft of the Foreign Affairs Note (FAN) on the decision by non-communist Danish groups to boycott the proposed October World Peace Cbngress in Copenhagen. It is now in review and should be released later this summer. CIA has just disseminated its quarterly Active Measures Alert. Mr. Houghton stated that his unclassified study of active measures in the US for the Gingrich report is still in final review, but should be available shortly~ II. Gingrich Amendment Dr. Bailey noted that the Gingrich report must be submitted I to State's Bureau of congressional Relations (H) by June 30 for transfer to the NSC. She stressed the need for members to finish their assigned portions as soon as possible. ·lII. Embassy Active Measures Committees Dur i ng Dr. Bailey's consultations with th·e regional bureaus, the idea emerged that Embassies in countries where major .active measures activity takes place should establish committees to meet on a regular basis and exchange information ~ DECL: OADR DECLAStilflE INPA RT NLR.~ /YI 'f 3()/p_ if--1 JSJ.fA? av ~Iµ ~!ARA DATe3/~, tc;- i' and coordJnate responses to active measures. This should help eliminate some of the problems in coordination at posts that has been I noted in the past. _we have taccdordinglf drafted a c~o~e for all .
Recommended publications
  • Conspiracy of Peace: the Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Conspiracy of Peace: The Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956 Vladimir Dobrenko A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, October 2015 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 90,957 words. Statement of conjoint work I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by John Clifton of www.proofreading247.co.uk/ I have followed the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, for referencing. 2 Abstract This thesis deals with the Soviet Union’s Peace Campaign during the first decade of the Cold War as it sought to establish the Iron Curtain. The thesis focuses on the primary institutions engaged in the Peace Campaign: the World Peace Council and the Soviet Peace Committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Swiss Intellectuals and the Cold War Anti-Communist Policies in a Neutral Country
    Swiss Intellectuals and the Cold War Anti-Communist Policies in a Neutral Country ✣ Hadrien Buclin Nowadays many Swiss citizens would be surprised to learn that in the 1950s some Swiss journalists and lecturers were sentenced to prison or lost their jobs because of “thought crimes.” The 1950s are generally remembered as the time of the “Swiss economic miracle”—with the construction of high- ways and large hydroelectric dams—rather than of strong political con- frontation. The picture of a neutral country does not really mesh with the evocation of anti-Communist restrictions. What can explain the strength of Swiss Cold War policies in the 1950s—policies that left their mark on many aspects of political and cultural life in the country? Exactly what form did such official anti-Communism take in a neutral country like Switzerland, and how did it fit with other Western countries’ anti-Communist policies? Was Switzerland an exception, or can parallels be established with other neu- tral European states—in particular, Sweden, a small neutral country in many ways similar to Switzerland? These are just some of the questions this article addresses. The legal barriers facing Swiss Communist intellectuals during the early Cold War have been underexamined in the current historiography and are in need of reassessment. The legal proceedings were specifically motivated by the Swiss government’s determination to defend a slick image of neutrality against severe criticism from the Communist states, which accused Switzer- land of covertly allying with the Western camp. Two Swiss Communists were sentenced for slander, and their trials are emblematic of how a neutral coun- try coped with the Western anti-Communist battle.
    [Show full text]
  • The Limits of Compensation Swiss Neutrality Policy in the Cold War
    The Limits of Compensation Swiss Neutrality Policy in the Cold War ✣ Thomas Fischer and Daniel Mockli¨ After World War II, Switzerland was in a unique position in Europe. Although situated in the center of Europe, it had not been attacked by Nazi Germany and could thus emerge from the war with a strong economy, stable political institutions, and social cohesion. This peculiar experience of World War II forged a collective identity and role perception different from that of other continental states. The Swiss felt a deep emotional commitment to neutrality and shared a conviction that autonomous defense would continue to be an effective security strategy after 1945. The Swiss government acknowledged the need for, and was supportive of, the new United Nations (UN) collective security system and was also well aware of the benefits of Western collective defense and European integration as the Cold War divide came about. But Switzerland was willing to associate with these new multilateral governance structures only to the extent that they did not erode neutrality—or, in the case of European integration, Swiss economic interests. Swiss decision-makers accordingly came up with a foreign policy doctrine that rendered neutrality a quasi-axiomatic paradigm of Swiss postwar foreign policy. This was coupled to an ideologization of neutrality that was to defend the country against future outside accusations. The conceptual basis for Swiss neutrality during the Cold War was laid during the long tenure of Foreign Minister Max Petitpierre, in office from 1945 to 1961. The main elements were non-membership in military alliances such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and in international “political” institutions such as the UN, as well as non-participation in the European integration process.
    [Show full text]
  • Council of Europe Law
    Council of Europe law Towards a pan-European legal area Florence Benoît-Rohmer and Heinrich Klebes Council of Europe Publishing French edition: Le droit du Conseil de l’Europe ISBN 92-871-5593-3 The opinions expressed in this work are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated, reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic (CD-Rom, Internet, etc.) or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Publishing Division, Communication and Research Directorate (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or [email protected]). Acknowledgements The authors are particularly grateful to Mario Heinrich, Doctor of Law and Head of Secretariat of the Committee on Rules of Procedure and Immunities, Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, and Elise Cornu, Doctor of Law. They also wish to thank the Council of Europe Directorates for reading and correcting the manuscript. The opinions expressed in this book are theirs alone. Cover design: Mediacom Layout: SAG+ / Saverne Edited by Council of Europe Publishing http://book.coe.int F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex ISBN 92-871-5594-1 © Council of Europe, June 2005 Printed at the Council of Europe Contents page Preface by Terry Davis ................................................................................................................. 9 Introduction ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix I: Interdoc Conferences
    Appendix I: Interdoc Conferences 250 Appendix II: Interdoc Publications 253 Appendix III: Interdoc Contacts in Eastern Europe 261 Notes Introduction: The Communist Challenge 1. Rolf Geyer, ‘Conclusions’, in Communist Reassessment of Capitalism, Its Resultant Strategy and the Western Response (The Hague: Interdoc, 1968), p. 68. 2. George F. Kennan, Memoirs 1925–1950 (Boston: Bantam, 1969), p. 588; Reagan’s 8 March 1983 speech to the National Association of Evangelicals in Orlando, Florida, is his first recorded use of the phrase ‘evil empire’. 3. Melvyn P. Leffler, For the Soul of Mankind: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War (New York: Hill & Wang, 2007), p. 8. 4. Odd Arne Westad, The Global Cold War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 4. 5. Vladislav M. Zubok, A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2007), p. 6. 6. Philip Taylor, Munitions of the Mind: A History of Propaganda from the Ancient World to the Present Day (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003), p. 250. 7. Nigel Gould-Davis, ‘The Logic of Soviet Cultural Diplomacy’, Diplomatic History, 27 (April 2003), p. 195. 8. Wyn Rees and Richard J. Aldrich, ‘European and US Approaches to Counterterrorism: Two Contrasting Cultures?’ in Ronald Tiersky and Erik Jones (eds), Europe Today: A Twenty-First Century Introduction (Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007) pp. 441–442. 9. See Hugh Wilford, The Mighty Wurlitzer: How the CIA Played America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008). 10. Richard J. Aldrich, The Hidden Hand: Britain, America and Cold War Secret Intelli- gence (London: John Murray, 2001), p.
    [Show full text]
  • Totalitarian Art and Modernity
    KfkXc`kXi`Xe8ikXe[Df[\ie`kp v27_TOT(4k).indd 1 01/11/10 13:51:33 v27_TOT(4k).indd 2 01/11/10 13:51:33 <[`k\[YpD`bb\c9fckIXjdljj\eAXZfYNXdY\i^ KFK8C@K8I@8E 8IK8E; DF;<IE@KP v27_TOT(4k).indd 3 01/11/10 13:51:34 KfkXc`kXi`Xe8ikXe[Df[\ie`kp Acta Jutlandica. Humanities Series 2010/9 © The authors and Aarhus University Press 2010 Cover design: Peter Holst Henckel Cover illustration: Ferdinand Staeger, We Are the Soldiers of Work (1938), oil on canvas Bogen er sat med Nobel på Fresco og trykt hos Narayana Press, Gylling Printed in Denmark 2010 issn 0065-1354 (Acta Jutlandica 9) issn 0901-0556 (Humanities Series) isbn 978 87 7934 5607 Aarhus University Press Aarhus Langelandsgade 177 8200 Århus N Copenhagen Tuborgvej 164 2400 Copenhagen NV www.unipress.dk Fax 89 42 53 80 International distributors: Gazelle Book Services Ltd. White Cross Mills Hightown, Lancaster, LA1 4XS United Kingdom www.gazellebookservices.co.uk The David Brown Book Company Box 511 Oakville, CT 06779 USA www.oxbowbooks.com GlYc`j_\[n`k_k_\ÔeXeZ`Xcjlggfikf] K_\EfmfEfi[`jb=fle[Xk`fe K_\E\n:XicjY\i^=fle[Xk`fe v27_TOT(4k).indd 4 01/11/10 13:51:34 K89C<F=:FEK<EKJ @ekif[lZk`feYpD`bb\c9fckIXjdljj\eAXZfYNXdY\i^ / >\e\Xcf^`\j 8e[\ijM%DleZ_ I\[\dgk`fe`eKfkXc`kp%:lckliXcLkfg`Xjf]CXk\ IfdXek`Z`jdXe[:ifjjifX[jf]8ikXe[Gfc`k`Zj1NX^e\i# 9\_i\ej#=`[lj#?`kc\i (0 AXZfYNXdY\i^ Nfle[\[Nfib`e^?\if\j1J\\`e^D`cc\kXe[mXe>f^_ k_ifl^_k_\:c\]kC\ejf]KfkXc`kXi`Xe`jd8[[`e^I\Õ\Zk`fej ]ifdB`\]\iXe[9Xj\c`kq *- I\Z\gk`fe D`bb\c9fckIXjdljj\e 8ggifXZ_`e^KfkXc`kXi`Xe`jdXe[KfkXc`kXi`Xe8ik ('0 DXicXJkfe\ K_\Kliekf:lckli\`e=XjZ`jk?`jkfi`ZXcJkl[`\j (*' Bi`jk`e\E`\cj\e N_Xk<m\i?Xgg\e\[kf<iejk9XicXZ_6<Xjk>\idXe Gfc`k`ZXcDfeld\ekjXe[k_\8ikf]I\j`jkXeZ\ (+.
    [Show full text]
  • Swiss Counterintelligence and Chinese Espionage in the Cold War
    Ariane Knüsel manuscript accepted for publication [email protected] in Cold War Studies Swiss Counterintelligence and Chinese Espionage in the Cold War Article manuscript In 1967, a report by the Swiss Federal Police deplored that Switzerland was often described by the international press as a hub for Chinese espionage. The report argued that counterintelligence measures against China were “particularly difficult” because of the high number of Chinese diplomatic staff. “In addition,” the report continued, “there are the difficulties caused by Chinese language, the, to European eyes, quite uniform external appearance of the officials and their Asian mentality.” 1 As this quote shows, identifying Chinese intelligence agents and their informants, and disabling Chinese intelligence operations in Switzerland turned out to be very challenging for the Swiss police. When it recognized the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on 17 January 1950, Switzerland was among the first Western nations to do so. In September 1950, the two countries established official relations. The Chinese mission in Bern (opened in December 1950) and the Consulate-General in Geneva (opened in 1954) were among the first Chinese missions in Western Europe and became China’s political, commercial and intelligence hubs in Western Europe until the late 1960s.2 This article relies on still classified Federal Police files from the Swiss Federal Archives that were temporarily declassified for a research project,3 to look at Swiss counterintelligence measures against Chinese intelligence operations in the 1950s and 1960s. It will show that while some measures were fairly typical for European counterintelligence during the Cold War, Swiss counterintelligence also differed from that of most other European countries, which affected Swiss efforts to identify and neutralize the intelligence networks the Chinese ran from Switzerland in the 1950s and 1960s.
    [Show full text]
  • Cercle Pinay and Its Complex of Groups
    ROGUE AGENTS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Habsburg, Pinay and the Private Cold War 1951 - 1991 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- by David Teacher 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Third edition, October 2011 © 1993, 2008 and 2011. All rights strictly reserved. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The author does not necessarily endorse or espouse the contents or opinions of any website which may host this article or any interpretation of this research which may be produced by third parties. He may be contacted at [email protected]. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS (text-only version without documentary or picture annexes) Introduction (1993) … pg 3 Preface (2008) … pg 6 Foreword (2011) … pg 7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ROGUE AGENTS … … pg 8 Footnotes … … pg 179 Sources Annex … … pg 239 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Documentary Annex … … omitted Rogues' Gallery … … omitted ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NSIC Annex
    [Show full text]
  • Aligning with the Apartheid Government Against Communism
    NRP 42+ – Switzerland-South Africa – Synthesis of the Study by Peter Hug 1 Aligning with the Apartheid Government against Communism Military, armaments industry, and nuclear relations between Switzerland and South Africa and the UN Apartheid debate of 1948-1994 Peter Hug Summary of important findings Swiss relations with South Africa affecting the sectors of politics, the military, and the arma- ments industry were most intensive during the 1980s when South Africa implemented its policy on racial separation (apartheid) most strenuously accompanied by serious human- rights violations and open use of violence. Swiss industry got around the arms embargo that the UN had imposed on South Africa in grand style. It even violated rules on arms exports defined by Switzerland, although they were interpreted far more narrowly than those of the UN. The administration was informed of many illegal and semi-legal deals. It tolerated them in silence, supported some of them actively, or criticized them only halfheartedly. Yet the Federal Council was not informed of most such deals and hardly fulfilled its role as a monitor. This also applied to intelligence service cooperation between Switzerland and South Africa. The exchange of intelligence information started five years earlier than previously known and contributed to initiating arms deals, combating opponents of apartheid, and airing political propaganda in favor of the South African government. Swiss industry also belonged to the mainstays of the secret South African atomic weapons program. The firms Gebrüder Sulzer AG and VAT Haag delivered components vital to South African uranium enrichment that supplied the fissionable material needed for the six atomic bombs produced by South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cold War in the Classroom
    PALGRAVE STUDIES IN EDUCATIONAL MEDIA The Cold War in the Classroom International Perspectives on Textbooks and Memory Practices Edited by Barbara Christophe Peter Gautschi Robert Thorp Palgrave Studies in Educational Media Series Editors Eckhardt Fuchs Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook Research Braunschweig, Germany Felicitas Macgilchrist Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook Research Braunschweig, Germany Managing Editor Wendy Anne Kopisch Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook Research Braunschweig, Germany Editorial Board Member Michael Apple University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison, WI, USA Tânia Maria F. Braga Garcia Federal University of Paraná Curitiba, Brazil Eric Bruillard ENS de Cachan Cachan, France Nigel Harwood School of English University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK Heather Mendick Independent Scholar London, UK Eugenia Roldán Vera Departamento de Investigaciones Educativas CINVESTAV Mexico City, Mexico Neil Selwyn Faculty of Education Monash University Clayton, VIC, Australia Yasemin Soysal University of Essex Colchester, UK There is no education without some form of media. Much contemporary writing on media and education examines best practices or individual learning processes, is fired by techno-optimism or techno-pessimism about young people’s use of technology, or focuses exclusively on digital media. Relatively few studies attend – empirically or conceptually – to the embeddedness of educational media in contemporary cultural, social and political processes. The Palgrave Studies in Educational Media series aims to explore textbooks and other educational media as sites of cultural contestation and socio-political forces. Drawing on local and global perspectives, and attending to the digital, non-digital and post-­ digital, the series explores how these media are entangled with broader continuities and changes in today’s society, with how media and media practices play a role in shaping identifications, subjectivations, inclusions and exclusions, economies and global political projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Cultural Diplomacy in India, 1955-1963 Severyan Dyakonov A
    Soviet cultural diplomacy in India, 1955-1963 Severyan Dyakonov A thesis in the History Department Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (History) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada April 2015 © Severyan Dyakonov, 2015 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This to certify that the thesis prepared By: Severyan Dyakonov Entitled: Soviet cultural diplomacy in India, 1955-1963 and submitted in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts (History) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the Examination Committee: ___________________________ Chair Ted McCormick _________________________ Examiner Rachel Berger __________________________ Examiner Graham Carr __________________________ Supervisor Elena Razlogova Approved by____________________________________________________ Chair of Department or Graduate Program Director ___________2015 ____________________________________ Dean of Faculty - Abstract - Soviet cultural diplomacy in India, 1955-1963 Severyan Dyakonov This thesis explores Soviet cultural diplomacy efforts in India during the late 1950s and the beginning of the 1960s. This was a time when Indian foreign policy of neutrality in the Cold War was challenged by a conflict with communist China. The Soviet Union found itself in a difficult position because it did not want to lose ties with communist China nor friendly relations with India. This gave the US an opportunity to drag India on their side of the Cold War. India was important for both superpowers because it was one of the leaders of the nonaligned movement of Asian and African countries. The US ideological influence had great advantages in India because of the status of English which was, thanks to the British colonial heritage, the language of elites in general and of higher education in particular.
    [Show full text]
  • Arr:;~Arul5taru '------F[J~Uill
    arr:;~arul5Taru '---- --- f[J~Uill C:CNTENT5 r!CL. X~~ . rue. 3 June 1984 News stories Begin on page Chronology. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 Articles. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 13 Report from Nouristan.................. 23 Organizations.......................... 24 Recent Publications..................... 25 Consumer Notes......................... 26 Book Reviews. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 7 Kabul Chronology. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 2 Labor Law of the DRA. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 38 Jlr[;~J1Nl5TJ1N rC~Uill, lNL. 20~ E.Q5T ?~5T 5T~EET.. 2~ NErr! l.IC"~· Nl.f j.002~ Line Drawings from the 1982 Afghanistan Calendar The Chicago Afghanistan Relief Committee ABBREVIATIONS USED PT - Pakistan Times CSM - Christian Science Monitor KNT - Kabul New Times NYT - New York Times FEER - Far Eastern Economic Review AWSJ - Asian Wall Street Journal WSJ - Wall Street Journal AICMB - Afghanistan Information Ctr. Monthly Bulletin PDPA- People's Democratic Party of Afghan~stan CC - Central Committee -NFF - National Fatherland Front NWFP - North West Frontier Province DYOA - Democratic Youth Organization of Afghanistan ORA - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan WDOA ~Women's Democratic Organization of Afghanistan RTV - Refugee Tent Village Please send items for the Afghanistan Forum Newsletter to: The Afghanistan Forum, Inc. 201 East 7lst Street, 2K New York, NY 10021 The op~n~ons expressed in this Newsletter are those of the parties and publications
    [Show full text]