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The Protean Nature of the Fifth Republic Institutions (Duverger)
University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap This paper is made available online in accordance with publisher policies. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item and our policy information available from the repository home page for further information. To see the final version of this paper please visit the publisher’s website. Access to the published version may require a subscription. Author(s): Ben Clift Article Title: The Fifth Republic at Fifty: The Changing Face of French Politics and Political Economy Year of publication: 2008 Link to published article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09639480802413322 Publisher statement: This is an electronic version of an article published in Clift, B. (2008). The Fifth Republic at Fifty: The Changing Face of French Politics and Political Economy. Modern & Contemporary France, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 383-.398. Modern & Contemporary France is available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cmcf20/16/4 Modern and Contemporary France Special Issue - Introduction Dr. Ben Clift Senior Lecturer in Political Economy, Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK Email: [email protected] web: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/staff/clift/ The Fifth Republic at Fifty: The Changing Face of French Politics and Political Economy. At its inception, a time of great political upheaval in France, it was uncertain whether the new regime would last five years, let alone fifty. The longevity of the regime is due in part to its flexibility and adaptability, which is a theme explored both below and in all of the contributions to this special issue. -
Final Communique
ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF COMMUNAUTE ECONOMIQUE WEST AFRICAN STATES DES ETATS DE L'AFRIQUE ^ DE L'OUEST WENTY SIXTH SESSION OF THE AUTHORITY OF HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT Dakar, 31 January 2003 Final Communique • J/v^ u'\ Final Communique of the 26m Session of the Authority Page 1 1. The twenty sixth ordinary session of the Authority of Heads of State and Government of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), washeid in Dakar on 31 January 2003. underthe Chairmanship of His Excellency Maitre Abdoulave Wade, President of the Republic of Senegal, and current Chairman of ECOWAS. 2. The following Heads of State and Government or their duly accredited representatives were present at the session: His Excellency Mathieu Kerekou President of the Republic of Benin His Excellency John Agyekum Kufuor President of the Republic of Ghana His Excellency Koumba Yaila President of the Republic of Guinea Bissau His Excellency Charles Gankay Iayior President of the Republic of Liberia His Excellency Amadou Toumani Toure President of the Republic of Mali His Excellency Mamadou Tandja President of the Republic of Niger His Excellency Olusegun Obasanic President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria His Excellency Abdoulaye Wade President of the Republic of Senegal His Excellency General Gnassingbe Eyadem; President of the Togolese Republic Y-\er Excellency, isatou Njie-Saidy Vice-President of the Republic a The Gambia Representing the President of the Republic His Excellency Ernest Paramanga Yonli Prime Minister . \ Representing the President of Faso \ Final Communique ofthe 26m Session of the Authority Paae 2 His Excellency Lamine Sidime Prime Minister of the Republic of Guinea Representing the President of the Republic Mrs Fatima Veiga Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Representing the President of Cabo Verde Mr. -
Political System of France the Fifth Republic • the Fifth Republic Was
Political System of France The Fifth Republic • The fifth republic was established in 1958, and was largely the work of General de Gaulle - its first president, and Michel Debré his prime minister. It has been amended 17 times. Though the French constitution is parliamentary, it gives relatively extensive powers to the executive (President and Ministers) compared to other western democracies. • A popular referendum approved the constitution of the French Fifth Republic in 1958, greatly strengthening the authority of the presidency and the executive with respect to Parliament. • The constitution does not contain a bill of rights in itself, but its preamble mentions that France should follow the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, as well as those of the preamble to the constitution of the Fourth Republic. • This has been judged to imply that the principles laid forth in those texts have constitutional value, and that legislation infringing on those principles should be found unconstitutional if a recourse is filed before the Constitutional Council. The executive branch • The head of state and head of the executive is the President, elected by universal suffrage. • France has a semi-presidential system of government, with both a President and a Prime Minister. • The Prime Minister is responsible to the French Parliament. • A presidential candidate is required to obtain a nationwide majority of non- blank votes at either the first or second round of balloting, which implies that the President is somewhat supported by at least half of the voting population. • The President of France, as head of state and head of the executive, thus carries more power than leaders of most other European countries, where the two functions are separate (for example in the UK, the Monarch and the Prime minister, in Germany the President and the Chancellor.) • Since May 2017, France's president is Emmanuel Macron, who was elected to the post at age 39, the youngest French leader since Napoleon. -
LETTER to G20, IMF, WORLD BANK, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS and NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
LETTER TO G20, IMF, WORLD BANK, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS and NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS We write to call for urgent action to address the global education emergency triggered by Covid-19. With over 1 billion children still out of school because of the lockdown, there is now a real and present danger that the public health crisis will create a COVID generation who lose out on schooling and whose opportunities are permanently damaged. While the more fortunate have had access to alternatives, the world’s poorest children have been locked out of learning, denied internet access, and with the loss of free school meals - once a lifeline for 300 million boys and girls – hunger has grown. An immediate concern, as we bring the lockdown to an end, is the fate of an estimated 30 million children who according to UNESCO may never return to school. For these, the world’s least advantaged children, education is often the only escape from poverty - a route that is in danger of closing. Many of these children are adolescent girls for whom being in school is the best defence against forced marriage and the best hope for a life of expanded opportunity. Many more are young children who risk being forced into exploitative and dangerous labour. And because education is linked to progress in virtually every area of human development – from child survival to maternal health, gender equality, job creation and inclusive economic growth – the education emergency will undermine the prospects for achieving all our 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and potentially set back progress on gender equity by years. -
Preparing Expert Leaders for International Civil Service and Global Careers EUCLID: an Overview
Preparing Expert Leaders for International Civil Service and Global Careers EUCLID: An Overview EUCLID was constituted in 2008 as an intergovernmental organi- zation with a university mandate, as embodied in Article I of its defining text (United Nations Treaty Series 49006/49007*): “The Parties are participating in EUCLID (also properly called Pôle Universitaire Euclide and Euclid University) which has (international*) legal personality, not-for-profit status, and such capacities as may be necessary to exercise its functions and fulfill its objectives. In order to ensure the international usefulness of the programs offered, EUCLID is chartered to confer diplomas, degrees and com- pletion certificates accredited by the ministries of Education of the Participating Parties. EUCLID, a member of the Euclid (University) Consortium, receives the mandate to facilitate universal access to higher education and to foster the acquisition of knowledge and competencies under the supervision of the ministries of Education and Foreign Affairs of the Participating Parties.” Through direct participation and cooperative agreements, EUCLID currently serves 12 Participating States and 4 intergovernmental organizations (CAFRAD, ECOWAS, ICCI, LLPI), as well as select students from other governments and from the general public. EUCLID’s global operations headquarters are located in The Gam- bia, West Africa. EUCLID also maintains a liaison office in Wash- ington DC/New York and its historic francophone headquarters with visiting campus in Bangui. Highlight: EUCLID is among the world’s very few intergovernmental organizations with a UN-registered multilateral treaty, internation- al legal personality, and university status. At EUCLID, our mission is to deliver best-of-class distance educa- tion and consulting services to our Participating States’ officials as well as to our general public students. -
OGT #4: Government, Enlightenment, and Citizen Rights and Responsibilities
OGT #4: Government, Enlightenment, and Citizen Rights and Responsibilities Types of Government 1. Types of government are determined by who’s in charge and what type of power rulers have/or rights citizens have 2. sovereign power: the right to rule 3. monarchy: ruler inherits power, usually a king or queen 4. absolute monarchy: power is inherited (passed down through family) claims power through divine right (chosen by God) ruler has all the power and people have no rights or freedoms (similar to a dictatorship except for how the ruler gains power) the people have no voice in selecting who rules not all rulers are capable rulers Ex, King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette (French Revolution) only exist today where governments have failed to check the of a ruling family 5. constitutional monarchy: power in inherited (passed down through family) Power is limited by a constitution or an elected legislature. People enjoy basic rights and a voice in government. Ex. United Kingdom—Queen Elizabeth II is a figurehead; the real government body is the Parliament headed by the Prime Minister. The Lower House of Parliament is elected by the people and the Prime Minister is chosen from Parliament. Other examples: the Netherlands, Kuwait, and Jordan 6. dictatorship: a single person or a small group (oligarchy) seize power (although later can be inherited) Ruler has unlimited power. Decision can be made quickly. Usually has backing of the military and uses threat of force to remain in control. The ruler makes the laws and runs the court system. No separation of powers or checks and balances; Dissenters (people who disagree) are eliminated with intimidation, arrest, or murder. -
Letter from Jonathon Nevett to Chris Disspain, Akram Atallah, & Cyrus Namazi
July 27, 2017 Chris Disspain, Board of Directors Akram Atallah, President, Global Domains Division Cyrus Namazi, VP Domain Name Services & Industry Engagement Internet Corporation for Assigned Names & Numbers VIA E-MAIL Re: IGO Request to Register Its Reserved Domain Dear Chris, Akram and Cyrus: Attached please find a request from the Deputy Director of International Operations at Euclid University, a United Nations-chartered international intergovernmental organization (IGO), which provides distance education and consulting services to officials in participating states1, as well as to the general public. As you can see, Euclid University is seeking to register the domain name Euclid.university; however, ICANN prohibits us from registering Euclid.university to any party, including Euclid University, the very IGO the prohibition intends to protect. This isn’t an isolated case. As you know, we and others have pointed out in other fora that this prohibition irrationally harms Euclid University and every other IGO. By way of further example, under current registry agreements, the International Olympic Committee would be prohibited from registering Olympics.hockey and the Red Cross from registering Redcross.care. To address these types of absurd situations, we filed a Registry Service Evaluation Process (RSEP) in 2015. Our non-controversial ask in that RSEP was for a specific IGO to be permitted to consent to the registration of its own reserved name. We didn’t seek the release of all IGO full names and acronyms or address what protections an IGO would have when any such names are released to third parties—issues the community has been grappling with for years. -
Standardised Soil Profile Data to Support Global Mapping
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 299–320, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-299-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Standardised soil profile data to support global mapping and modelling (WoSIS snapshot 2019) Niels H. Batjes, Eloi Ribeiro, and Ad van Oostrum ISRIC – World Soil Information, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands Correspondence: Niels H. Batjes ([email protected]) Received: 6 September 2019 – Discussion started: 16 September 2019 Revised: 17 December 2019 – Accepted: 9 January 2020 – Published: 10 February 2020 Abstract. The World Soil Information Service (WoSIS) provides quality-assessed and standardised soil profile data to support digital soil mapping and environmental applications at broadscale levels. Since the release of the first “WoSIS snapshot”, in July 2016, many new soil data were shared with us, registered in the ISRIC data repos- itory and subsequently standardised in accordance with the licences specified by the data providers. Soil profile data managed in WoSIS were contributed by a wide range of data providers; therefore, special attention was paid to measures for soil data quality and the standardisation of soil property definitions, soil property values (and units of measurement) and soil analytical method descriptions. We presently consider the following soil chemi- cal properties: organic carbon, total carbon, total carbonate equivalent, total nitrogen, phosphorus (extractable P, total P and P retention), soil pH, cation exchange capacity and electrical conductivity. We also consider the fol- lowing physical properties: soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), bulk density, coarse fragments and water retention. Both of these sets of properties are grouped according to analytical procedures that are operationally comparable. -
MENA-OECD Ministerial Conference Key Participants & Speakers
Republic of Tunisia MENA-OECD Ministerial Conference Key Participants & Speakers – Biographies Hosts Mr. Beji Caïd Essebsi - President of the Republic - Tunisia Mr. Essebsi is the President of Tunisia since 2014. Previously, Mr. Essebsi held the position of Prime Minister for a brief period – March to October 2011. During his career, the President has held various high level positions, including Head of the Administration of National Security (1963), Minister of Interior from (1965-1969), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1981-1986) and President of the Chamber of Deputies (1990-1991). The President was also ambassador of Tunisia to West Germany and France. Mr. Youssef Chahed - Prime Minister - Tunisia Mr. Chahed was appointed Tunisian Prime Minister in August 2016. Before taking office, Mr. Chahed was Minister of Local Affairs in the previous government and previously held the position of Secretary of State for Fisheries. The Prime Minister is also an international expert in agriculture and agricultural policies for the United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the European Commission. Mr. Angel Gurría - Secretary-General - OECD Mr. Gurría is the OECD Secretary-General since 2006. The Secretary-General has held two ministerial posts in Mexico before joining the OECD - Minister of Foreign Affairs (1994-1998) and Minister of Finance and Public Credit (1998- 2000). Mr. Gurría chaired the International Task Force on Financing Water for All and is a member of several international initiatives, including the United Nations Secretary General Advisory Board, World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on Water Security, International Advisory Board of Governors of the Centre for International Governance Innovation, among others. -
Contents • Abbreviations • International Education Codes • Us Education Codes • Canadian Education Codes July 1, 2021
CONTENTS • ABBREVIATIONS • INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION CODES • US EDUCATION CODES • CANADIAN EDUCATION CODES JULY 1, 2021 ABBREVIATIONS FOR ABBREVIATIONS FOR ABBREVIATIONS FOR STATES, TERRITORIES STATES, TERRITORIES STATES, TERRITORIES AND CANADIAN AND CANADIAN AND CANADIAN PROVINCES PROVINCES PROVINCES AL ALABAMA OH OHIO AK ALASKA OK OKLAHOMA CANADA AS AMERICAN SAMOA OR OREGON AB ALBERTA AZ ARIZONA PA PENNSYLVANIA BC BRITISH COLUMBIA AR ARKANSAS PR PUERTO RICO MB MANITOBA CA CALIFORNIA RI RHODE ISLAND NB NEW BRUNSWICK CO COLORADO SC SOUTH CAROLINA NF NEWFOUNDLAND CT CONNECTICUT SD SOUTH DAKOTA NT NORTHWEST TERRITORIES DE DELAWARE TN TENNESSEE NS NOVA SCOTIA DC DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA TX TEXAS NU NUNAVUT FL FLORIDA UT UTAH ON ONTARIO GA GEORGIA VT VERMONT PE PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND GU GUAM VI US Virgin Islands QC QUEBEC HI HAWAII VA VIRGINIA SK SASKATCHEWAN ID IDAHO WA WASHINGTON YT YUKON TERRITORY IL ILLINOIS WV WEST VIRGINIA IN INDIANA WI WISCONSIN IA IOWA WY WYOMING KS KANSAS KY KENTUCKY LA LOUISIANA ME MAINE MD MARYLAND MA MASSACHUSETTS MI MICHIGAN MN MINNESOTA MS MISSISSIPPI MO MISSOURI MT MONTANA NE NEBRASKA NV NEVADA NH NEW HAMPSHIRE NJ NEW JERSEY NM NEW MEXICO NY NEW YORK NC NORTH CAROLINA ND NORTH DAKOTA MP NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS JULY 1, 2021 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION CODES International Education RN/PN International Education RN/PN AFGHANISTAN AF99F00000 CHILE CL99F00000 ALAND ISLANDS AX99F00000 CHINA CN99F00000 ALBANIA AL99F00000 CHRISTMAS ISLAND CX99F00000 ALGERIA DZ99F00000 COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS CC99F00000 ANDORRA AD99F00000 COLOMBIA -
Communication
أُ ِقليدس } EUCLID { EUCLIDE (Pôle Universitaire Euclide) (Euclid University) HEADQUARTERS AND VISITING CAMPUS: CRM UNIVERSITE DE BANGUI, BP 157, BANGUI, CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC TEL : (236) 61 20 05 FAX : (236) 61 78 90 PERSONAL OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL: 55, FIRST FLOOR, FOUR SQUARE MALL, 21-A, BLOCK-2, PECHS, KARACHI, PAKISTAN TEL : 92 (21) 452-8194 FAX : 92 (21) 452-8195 WASHINGTON EXECUTIVE OFFICE: 1250 24TH ST. NW, SUITE 300 - WASHINGTON DC; 20037 - USA TEL.: 1 (202) 263-3628 FAX: 1 (202) 478-1690 INTERNET: WWW.EUCLID.INT EMAIL: [email protected] COMMUNICATION Document Classification: LEGAL PROCEDURE ATTN: MR EYAL BEN COHEN VERIFILE --- ACCREDIBASE Date and Time (US Format): 31 October 2011 Sender (Auteur): Name (Nom) SYED ZAHID ALI Directorate or Secretariat SECRETARY GENERAL Number of Pages: 14 + documents Notice: The message contained in this facsimile is intended only for the use of the individual or entity to which it is addressed and may contain information that is privileged, confidential, or exempt from disclosure. If you are not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution, or copying of this communication is prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by phone, fax or email. Thank you. An educational partner of the Economic Community of Western African States and the Islamic Chamber of Commerce and Industry, under the High Stewardship of Ambassador Mohamed Toihiri (Union of the Comoros). The EUCLID name, flag and emblem are protected by treaty under International Law (Article 6ter of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property). -
Bridging the Divide? an Assessment of Elections in Sri Lanka and the Palestinian Territories
Bridging the Divide? An Assessment of Elections in Sri Lanka and the Palestinian Territories Authors Michael Balz, Morgan Courtney, Nathan Hodson, Lena Hull, Seth Lynn, Eric Melancon, Julia Morse, Bill Parsons, Arian Sharifi, Sehar Tariq Project Advisor Jeff Fischer January 2010 About the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University The Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs was founded at Princeton in 1930, created in the spirit of President Woodrow Wilson’s interest in preparing students for leadership in public and international affairs. The Woodrow Wilson School has celebrated over 75 years of preparing talented individuals for careers in the service of the nation and the world. Today, the School educates a wide range of students from the U.S. and around the world who seek to apply their knowledge and skills to the solution of vital public problems in both the domestic and international realms. About Graduate Policy Workshops Graduate Policy Workshops are a unique part of the curriculum of the School’s graduate program. Workshops provide students with an opportunity to use what they have learned from their first year in the program, their summer work, and their other experiences to analyze a complex and challenging policy issue. The workshops emphasize policy implementation, and it is this that distinguishes it from regular coursework. The goal of the workshops is not just to understand a policy issue, but to devise policy recommendations that are both creative and realistic, given the relevant institutional and political constraints. All views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors. The authors take full responsibility for any errors or omissions in this report.