Miami University — the Graduate School
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
MIAMI UNIVERSITY — THE GRADUATE SCHOOL CERTIFICATE FOR APPROVING THE DISSERTATION We hereby approve the Dissertation of Andrew M. Dudas Candidate for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Dr. Philip A. Russo, Jr., Director Dr. Ryan J. Barilleaux, Reader Dr. Enamul H. Choudhury, Reader Dr. John H. Benamati, Graduate School Representative ABSTRACT THE USE OF COMMUNITY OPINION SURVEYS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING by Andrew M. Dudas Local government officials often times fulfill a dual role in policy making. This dual role amounts to officials being both a policy analyst and a policy-maker. Much of the policy-making done by local government officials is strategic in nature – planning for the future growth, development, and needs of the citizenry. In order to strategically plan for the future and make decisions within this framework, local government officials must have data at their disposal to help inform their decision making. In essence, local government officials then must also act as policy analysts – collecting data, analyzing it, and finally translating that data into meaningful policy decisions. This research examines one means of providing local government officials with data to help inform their decision-making – citizen surveys. Local governments often conduct surveys to collect information on a host of issues confronting their community. This research focuses on broad-based community surveys, the data that is collected, and the translation of that data into policy outcomes. Through the presentation of case illustrations, a survey typology is presented that can be used to classify individual surveys as being either informational, strategic, decisionistic, or symbolic based on identifiable factors in each survey and how the results were ultimately utilized by the local government. THE USE OF COMMUNITY OPINION SURVEYS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science by Andrew M. Dudas Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2005 Dissertation Director: Dr. Philip A. Russo, Jr. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements iv 1 Introduction 1 2 A Typology Of Community Opinion Surveys 54 3 Case Illustrations 69 4 Translating Survey Results Into Decisions 102 5 Conclusion 151 Appendices 157 Appendix A – Personal Interview Questionnaire Appendix B – Village of Williamsburg Survey Instrument Appendix C – Oxford Township Survey Instrument Appendix D – Village of Coldwater Survey Instrument Appendix E – Hanover Township Survey Instrument Bibliography 191 List of Tables Table 1: Informational Surveys Table 2: Strategic Surveys Table 3: Decisionistic Surveys Table 4: Symbolic Surveys ii For my wife Stacey: Without your love and support this would not have been possible. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS When I began my graduate school career in the fall of 1993, it was hard to imagine completing a dissertation to punctuate all of the coursework, studying and research required for the degree. Through it all, one person has remained constant in my time at Miami University – Dr. Philip A. Russo, Jr. Dr. Russo has played many roles in my life, including Professor, mentor, boss, and friend. Without Dr. Russo’s help and support, I certainly would not be where I am today. He not only helped to keep me at Miami after the completion of my masters’ degree, he also gave me the opportunity to work as an intern at the Center for Public Management and Regional Affairs. Eventually, that internship would turn into full-time employment with the Center for which I am eternally grateful. When the prospects for completing my degree seemed bleak, Dr. Russo agreed to serve as the Chair of this dissertation. I thank him for his friendship, guidance, insight, and unwavering support of both me and this endeavor. Other individuals played integral roles in the completion of this research. First and foremost, I must thank the other individuals who comprised my committee and guided this research project to completion. Dr. Ryan Barilleaux and Dr. Enamul Choudhury freely gave of their time and offered insight when needed. Dr. John “Skip” Benamati graciously agreed to serve on the committee as the outside reader. Moreover, I must also thank the four individuals who agreed to be interviewed and provide much of the needed data for this project. Hanover Township Trustee Tim Derickson, Village of Williamsburg Mayor Mary Ann Lefker, Oxford Township Trustee George Simonds, and Village of Coldwater Administrator Eric Thomas all freely gave of their time as well as providing much-needed specific information about their communities. From a more technical perspective, my wife Stacey and Vince Tenaglia provided assistance navigating the resources of King Library. Furthermore, special recognition must go to Stacey and Mark Morris for completing the tedious task of proofreading the document. Mark also assisted with general guidance for sundry administrative aspects related to the formatting and layout of the dissertation. The past year of writing the dissertation was made far easier thanks to the efforts of Commissioner Gary Bettman and the National Hockey League Board of Governors who could not craft an agreement with Executive Director Bob Goodenow and the National Hockey League Players’ Association to end the NHL lockout. My work at the Center served as the genesis of the idea for this research. When I began my work at the Center, Eric Frayer took me under his wing and showed me the ropes. Lori Libby is a valued colleague and has been supportive of my efforts iv towards completing this dissertation. Finally, Mark Morris, who is not only a co- worker, but also a trusted friend, must be recognized. Mark always encouraged me to finish the dissertation and listened ad nauseum to my trials and tribulations. While I am sure he grew weary of hearing about it, he never wavered in his support of my work and always reminded me to “work on it a little bit each day.” Thank you for those kind words. My time and Miami afforded me the opportunity to meet many people who I am proud to call my friends. The departmental secretary, Dottie Pierson, should be mentioned for her guidance and support during my days as a graduate student. I shared many good times and memories during graduate school with my former roommate Dr. Chris Woolard. While sharing a love of music and all things Pittsburgh, I have developed a lifelong friendship with Dr. Kevan Yenerall. Thank you for being such a close friend. Dr. Chris ‘CK’ Kelley is always a source of humor as well as being a good friend. Dr. Mark ‘Shark’ Sachleben is simply what I would call the quintessential friend. Shark is always supportive, caring, sharing, interested, and ready to offer assistance without hesitation. His presence in my life has helped me get through both good times and bad. Thanks to Hans Soder for scaling back our weekly phone calls for several months to allow me time to concentrate on writing. Other individuals such as Tim Gray, Marc ‘Pumpkin’ Sadowsky, and Dr. Darren ‘Tex’ Wheeler became good friends during their time at Miami as well. And thanks to all of my Ice Mongrels broomball and softball teammates for providing much needed diversions. And finally, there is some symmetry involved in the fact that I will graduate alongside Mike Demczyk with whom I started at Miami back in 1993. Last but not least, I must thank my family for their support and love over the years. While not a blood relative, Gregg Taylor is like a brother to me and can always be counted on to be there through thick and thin. My parents, Donald and Maryann, always encouraged my educational pursuits despite never fully understanding why it took so long to finish my dissertation. My brother Steve (his wife Renee) and my sister Monica have supported me no matter what the task or project. Thank you for your love and support. My in-laws, Bob and Betty Dietrich, have graciously welcomed me into their family and supported my endeavors. Clearly, my wife Stacey served a much larger role in this project than just library assistance and proofreading. She is my source of strength and inspiration and her love and patience is a true blessing. Stacey encouraged me to welcome a dog into our family earlier this year. While concerned that the time and effort of a new puppy would distract from working on the dissertation, Fleury proved otherwise as she spent many a day at home with me while I wrote. v 1 INTRODUCTION In the realm of local government planning and policy-making, a recent trend has seen more and more local government officials embracing the concept of strategic planning. Strategic planning at its most basic level consists of employing techniques designed to enable local governments to proactively plan for the future, solve current problems and issues facing the community, and as a means of goal-setting and measuring the achievement of agreed upon goals. The allure of strategic planning is its promise of assisting decision-makers in dealing with both the present (current issues and problems facing the community) as well as its capacity to assist with long-range planning for the future needs of the community. For the purposes of this research, local government officials include both elected and appointed officials (which includes council members, mayors, and manager or administrators), particularly those in smaller (based on geographic size and population, as well as the number of services delivered to residents), non-metropolitan communities. When local government officials start out along a path of strategic planning, the goal is to collect data and information about their community that will assist them in making policy decisions that will guide their jurisdiction for both the short and long term.