Philo's and Paul's Retelling of the Abraham Narrative in De Abrahamo

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Philo's and Paul's Retelling of the Abraham Narrative in De Abrahamo Philo’s and Paul’s Retelling of the Abraham Narrative in De Abrahamo and Galatians 3–4 and Romans 4 ID # 260575888 Shekari, Elkanah Kuzahyet-Buki Faculty of Religious Studies (FRS), McGill University, Montreal April, 2015 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in Religious Studies © Copyright Elkanah Kuzahyet-Buki Shekari, 2015 1 ABSTRACT The Abraham narrative found in Genesis 11:26–25:10 has been retold in different ways by both Jews and non-Jews. All the re-tellers wanted to point out the way in which the Abraham narrative impacted people. The history of research on Abraham in the last century, shows little or no interests in the re-tellers of the Abraham narrative. For example, their primary sources, styles of text selection, and arrangement of the selected data in retelling the story of Abraham. Rather, the history of research shows that scholars were more interested on the reliability of the narrative, the religion of Abraham and his role as the ancestor of the Jews and of the non-Jews. My primary focus is on Philo’s and Paul’s retelling of the Abraham narrative, their primary source; their selection from the source; their arrangement of the events, and their goals for retelling the story of Abraham. I used the insights of producing history of Hayden White, a literary critic and philosopher of history. White’s insights show how historians select from their primary sources by means of their plot-structure, in order to retell past events by means of the historians emplotment, argument, ideological implications, and use of figurative language (tropes). Therefore, I used White’s insights to understand how Philo and Paul used their primary source. This method helps us to see where and how Philo and Paul agree and also disagree. Both Philo and Paul were not historians; rather, they were interpreters of narrative or history. Philo’s selection from his primary source and his arrangement of the data to retell the Abraham narrative resulted in a national portrayal of Abraham, but with universal possibilities. Paul’s selection from the same primary source, as Philo, and his own arrangement of the data to retell the Abraham narrative, resulted in a universal portrayal of Abraham but with national implications. Moreover, both Philo’s portrait of a national Abraham with universal possibilities and Paul’s portrait of universal Abraham were not new. Rather their differing portraits of Abraham raise the question: how did they arrive at two differing portraits? This was because of their differing goals for retelling the Abraham narrative. This tells the identity of their audiences and their audiences’ knowledge of the Abraham narrative. Moreover their differing portraits of Abraham tell some of the challenges, which made them to retell the Abraham narrative. Philo wanted to defend the Jews against their opponents and to introduce his form of Judaism to his readers, Philo’s Judaism was by no means unique because it was influenced by Hellenistic ideals. Philo’s Abraham lived an excellent life to have made Philo invite his readers/audience to emulate Abraham. Paul, by contrast, wanted to defend his message of justification by faith in both Galatians and Romans. He portrayed Abraham’s faith as worthy of the emulation of his readers; this, I argued in the contexts of the patronage system and self- mastery. Hence, Paul’s chief interest was to argue that Christianity and not Judaism was the better option for Gentiles (Christians). 2 RÉSUMÉ Le récit de la vie d’Abraham que l’on trouve dans le livre de la Genèse du chapitre 11: 26 à 25: 10, a été raconté de plusieurs différentes façons par les Juifs ainsi que les non-Juifs. Tous ces re- raconteurs cherchaient à souligner la manière dont le récit Abraham impacte les personnes qui le lisent. L’étude d’Abraham au cours du dernier siècle, n’a porté très peu – voir même aucun intérêt pour les re-raconteurs du récit. Quelles furent leurs sources primaires ? Leurs approches à la sélection du texte, et la disposition des éléments qu’ils ont choisi de retenir ? Au contraire, les chercheurs se sont montrés plus intéressés à débattre la fiabilité du texte, les croyances d’Abraham et son rôle comme ancêtre des Juifs et des Gentils. Je me concentre surtout sur le récit d’Abraham qu’offrent Paul de Philon ; leur source primaire ; leurs sélection à même cette source ; leurs agencement des évènements ; et le but qu’ils visaient avec leur récit. J’ai utilisé l’approche de Hayden White sur la production de l'histoire. Il est un critique littéraire et un philosophe de l'histoire. White montre comment les historiens choisissent leurs sources primaires d’après la structure de leurs récits afin de raconter des événements passés par le biais des approches des historiens ; l’ordre de leurs récits, leur argumentaire, les implications idéologiques et leurs usage du langage figuratif (tropes). J’ai utilisé les idées de White pour comprendre comment Philon et Paul ont utilisés leurs sources primaires. Cette approche nous permet de voir les rapprochements et les divergences entre Philon et Paul. Philon et Paul n’étaient pas historiens ni l’un ni l’autre; ils étaient plutôt des interprètes du narratif ou de l'histoire. Philon à choisit ses sources primaires, et a réarranger les éléments individuels pour dresser le portrait d’un Abraham national qui offre néanmoins des possibilités universelles. Pour sa part, Paul a choisi des éléments de la même source primaire que Philon, mais les a racontés de façon à dresser le portrait d’un Abraham universel, avec des implications nationales. Aucune des deux approches n’étaient nouvelles, mais la différente approche entre les deux nous incite à nous interroger sur la façon dont ils sont parvenus à leur approches particulières. Ils ont évidemment raconté le récit d’Abraham avec des buts différents, qui nous indiquent des choses à propos de leurs auditoires et de la familiarité de ses derniers avec le narratif. De plus, leurs différents portraits d’Abraham nous parlent des défis particuliers qui les ont menés à raconter l’histoire Abraham. Philon voulait défendre les Juifs contre leurs adversaires et introduire ses lecteurs à sa forme de Judaïsme – un Judaïsme qui n’était pas unique, puisqu’il avait été influencé par les idéaux hellénistes. Pour inciter ses lecteurs à imiter son modèle, Philon nous montre un Abraham qui a vécu une vie excellente. En revanche, Paul dans ses épîtres aux Romains et aux Galates, Paul voulait défendre son message de la justification par la foi. Il dépeint donc la foi d'Abraham comme étant l’objet digne de l'émulation de ses lecteurs, et ceci dans le contexte du patronage et de la maîtrise de soi. Paul cherchait surtout soutenir que le Christianisme était une meilleure option que le Judaïsme pour les Gentils. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page ................................................................................................................................ 1 Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 2 Table of Content .......................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgment ........................................................................................................ 6 Introduction: The Abraham Narrative ............................................................................... 7 The Problem Defined ........................................................................................................ 7 A Brief History of Research on the Abraham Narrative ........................................... 8 Structure of the Research ...................................................................................... 20 Chapter 1: Some Early Depictions of Abraham in Jewish and Non-Jewish Literature................................................................................................ 23 Portraits of Abraham in Genesis 11:26–25:10 ........................................................ 24 Portraits of Abraham by Jewish Writers in the Second Temple Judaism Period . 25 Portraits of Abraham by non-Jewish Writers in the Second Temple Judaism Period ...................................................................................................................... 32 Summary of the above Portraits ............................................................................ 33 Chapter 2: Methodology: Hayden White’s Form Structure of Historical Narrative 38 White on the Production of History ...................................................................... 38 The Stages and Structure of Comprehension of Historical Narratives .............. 38 Historical Narratives as Translations of Facts into Fiction ................................. 39 The Archetype Models of Historical Interpretation ........................................... 41 Mode of Emplotment................................................................................... 42 Mode of Argument ...................................................................................... 44 Mode of Ideological Implication .................................................................. 46 Tropes of Figurative Language ..................................................................... 48 Some Personal Thoughts on White’s Insights on the Production of History …. ..... 50 Conclusion ..............................................................................................................
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