DOCSLIB.ORG

Pentachlorobenzene.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pentachlorobenzene.Pdf About CSIR-NEERI CSIR-NEERI is endorsed as Stockholm Convention Regional Centre (SCRC) on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) for Asia Region at COP-5 meeting held during 25-29th April 2011 at Geneva. SCRC is serving different parties/countries in Pentachlorobenzene the Asia region to help them in their capacity building and transfer of technologies related to POPs and new POPs. Besides India, CSIR-NEERI is serving ten (PeCB) countries of Asia region viz. Bangladesh, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines Thailand, Sri Lanka, UAE and Vietnam. The goals of the SCRC is to provide technical assistance for building capacities of the parties of the Asia region in relation to monitoring and assessment of POPs in the environment, transfer of technologies, raise awareness and promote identification and environmentally sound management(ESM) of POPs and POPs contaminated sites in the region. The Centre is also assisting the parties of Asia region in fulfilling their obligations of the Stockholm Convention. Contact us: Director CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (Stockholm Convention Regional Centre on POPs for Asia Region) (Stockholm Convention Regional Centre on POPs for Asia Region), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India-440020 Nagpur, India-440020. Tel: +91-712-2249885-89 (Ext. +332) Fax: +91-712-2249900 Email: [email protected]; [email protected] 1. What is PeCB? 2. What are the characteristics of PeCB? • Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) are a group of Chlorobenzenes that are characterized by the presence of a benzene ring in IUPAC Name :1,2,3,4,5-pentachlorobenzene which the hydrogen atoms are replaced by five chlorine Molecular formula : C6HCl5 atoms. CAS Number : 608-93-5 • Man-made substance used to make other chemicals such as Colour : White crystalline solid pentachloronitrobenzene (quintozene), a fungicide. Odour : Pleasant aroma • Earlier, PeCB was one component of a Chlorobenzenes Molecular Weight : 250 g/mol mixture used to reduce the viscosity of PCB products Boiling point : 277 °C employed for heat transfer (Environment Canada, 1993). Melting point : 86 °C • PeCBs were also used in a Chlorobenzenes mixture with Water Solubility : 0.81 to 1.34 mg/L at 22-25 °C PCBs in electrical equipment (Environment Canada, 2005). Density : 1.834 g/cm3 at 25 °C Vapor pressure : 2.2 Pa at 25°C Henry´s law constant : 7.03e-04 atm-m3/mol Log KOW : 4.8-5.18 Log KOA : 6.49 Fig. Structure of PeCB Source: PubChem 3. What are the applications of PeCBs? 4. Why Pentachlorobenzene a chemical of concern ? • Fungicide Persistence for longer time in environment, moderately toxic • Dyestuff carrier to human and very toxic to aquatic organisms. • Flame retardant Accumulation and higher rate of biomagnification in body • Chemical intermediates, likewise used in the production of Quintozene tissues of living organisms and associated with health- • Lubricant to reduce the viscosity of PCB products employed related threats. for heat. PeCB has been detected in the breast milk and found to accumulate in human placenta (Shen et al., 2007). Promotes tissue lesions (carcinogens). Exhibits toxic effect on human reproduction and promotes histopathological changes. Animals like in poultry exposed to PeCB suffers from weight loss, decrease in egg production and hatching rates. PeCBs Applications ©Alamy.com Heat transfer Fungicide fluid Flame Retardant Chemical Intermediate (Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.038) 5. What are the sources for release in the Unintentional point sources: environment? . By-product of combustion process (incineration and barrel burning of household waste). Intentional point sources: . Yield of PeCB formed strongly depends on combustion conditions . PeCB as a component in PCB products, in dyestuff carriers, as a and the presence of catalytic materials. In uncontrolled conditions, fungicide and a flame retardant and as a chemical intermediate e.g. solid waste incineration like barrel burning, emits far larger production of Quintozene. amounts of chlorobenzenes than controlled incineration (UNECE 2007). Other sources includes waste streams of paper and pulp mills, iron Air Emission and steel industries and petroleum refineries; impurities in products such as solvents and pesticides. Possible routes of exposure to humans Industry Agriculture Contaminated food Contaminated indoor air and dust Landfill Ground water Drinking water Skin Contact © CSIR-NEERI 6. Evidences in support of prevalence of PeCBs 7. Alternatives of PeCBs? in the environment There are no longer any large scale uses of As there is no current commercial demand for PeCB, no pentachlorobenzene (PeCB). Emissions of PeCB to the alternatives have been identified or developed. PeCB was environment were estimated to be about 121 t/y and the developed for the production of quintozene, Now a days largest sources appeared to be combustion of solid wastes, an alternative process such as chlorination of 32 t/y, biomass burning, 45 t/y with degradation of an nitrobenzene is available for its production. (UNEP- agricultural fungicide, quintozene, contributing 26 t/y POPS-POPRC.4-15-Add.2). (Bailey et al, 2009). Exposure of rats to 1080mg/kg of PeCB resulted in death of 50% of treated rats (lethal dose/LD50). LD50 for mice exposed to PeCB is 1175 mg/kg (IPCS). US EPA Regional Screening Levels for PeCB Resident Soil (mg/kg) 6.3E+00 Industrial Soil (mg/kg) 9.3E+01 Tapwater (ug/L) 3.2E-01 Risk-based SSL (mg/kg) 2.4E-03 Source: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11855#section=US-EPA-Regional-Screening-Levels-for- Chemical-Contaminants&fullscreen=true 8. What is the Indian Scenario of PeCBs? 9. Stockholm Convention • Although the intentional production of PeCBs has been • Stockholm Convention on POPs is a global treaty adopted on 22 May 2001 in Sweden and entered into force in 2004, with the prohibited under Stockholm Convention, it is believed to aim to protect human health and environment from chemicals come primarily from unintentional production sources. India that remain intact in the environment for more extended period, is one among the nations which ratified the Stockholm become widely distributed geographically, accumulates in fatty convention and took various important steps for tissues of humans and wildlife and have harmful effects on Environmentally Sound Management of POPs. human health or on the environment. • India ratified and became a member of this Convention on 13 • The Government of India notified the Regulation of January 2006. India is one among the nations which ratified Persistent Organic Pollutants Rule, 2018 (MoEF&CC, the Stockholm Convention and took various important steps in March, 2018), for regulating the manufacture, trade, use, the progress of the prohibition of POPs. import and export of seven chemicals that may be hazardous (http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=161203) to human and environment. PeCBs is also one of the listed • The Government of India, with financial and technical support chemicals under this rule. from the Global Environment Facility (GEF), initiated the NIP development process which involved the ground-level • Currently, there is no production or stockpiles information assessment of situation of POPs through inventorization, available about Pentachlorobenzene. samples collection, analysis and interpretations (Government of India, 2011). References: - Notes:- . chm.pops.int/ . PubChem, National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Pentachlorobenzene, CID=11855, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Pentachlorobenzene . Environment Canada, 1993. Priority Substances List Assessment Report Pentachlorobenzene . Environment Canada, 2005. Pentachlorobenzene (QCB) and tetrachlorobenzenes (TeCBs) proposed risk management strategy . www.marbef.org/wiki/pentachlorobenzene . www.popstoolkit.com . https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/wastemin/web/pdf/pentchlb.pdf. http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacg/e/cd- cagua/guias/b.parametos/4.BasTox/IPCS/042.chlorobenezenes.pdf . UNECE 2007, https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/lrtap/TaskForce/popsxg/2007/6th meeting/Exploration%20of%20management%20options%20for%20PeCB%20 Final.doc.pdf . Bailey RE, van Wijk D, Thomas PC, 2009. Sources and prevalence of pentachlorobenzene in the environment, Chemosphere.;75(5):555-64. Disclamation :- The above mentioned data was taken from authentic sources and it is cited well wherever needed. CSIR-NEERI is not taking any responsibility of data cited in this document. The data pertaining to Indian climatic condition is still very limited. The main objective behind compiling information on this particular chemical is for public awareness only..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chemical Hazards Chemist Edson Haddad 2016 Sao Paulo
    ENVIRONMENTAL COMPANY OF SAO PAULO STATE – CETESB REGIONAL CENTRE OF STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON POPs FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN REGION V INTERNATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM ON ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND MANAGEMENT ON CHEMICALS AND WASTES, ESPECIALLY ON PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPs) AND MERCURY (Hg) Chemical Hazards Chemist Edson Haddad 2016 Sao Paulo – SP – Brazil Safety with Chemicals • Chemicals can only be safely handled if their properties, reactions and behavior in different situations are fully known. • This knowledge allows for the selection of the appropriate PPE –Personal Protective Equipment, as well as the techniques to be employed for containment, control and environmental monitoring. Control Actions 9Neutralization, absorption, washing/dilution, soil recovery, monitoring, waste destination. I worked 20 years and had only one accident. CHEMICAL HAZARDS COFFEE WATER OXYGEN NO SUBSTANCE IS COMPLETELY FREE OF TOXIC EFFECTS TO THE BODY 12 POPs z PESTICIDES - Aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane, DDT, endrin, heptachlor, mirex, hexachlorobenzene and toxaphene; z INDUSTRIAL SUBSTANCES - PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and HCB (hexachlorobenzene); z NON-INTENTIONAL SUB PRODUCTS – hexachlorobenzene; polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF), and PCBs. aldrin DDT mirex PCB Dioxins and furans 9 POPs • PESTICIDES - chlordecone, alpha hexachlorocyclohexane, beta hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, pentachlorobenzene; •INDUSTRIAL SUBSTANCES - hexabromobiphenyl, hexabromodiphenyl ether and heptabromodiphenyl ether,
    [Show full text]
  • Chlorobenzenes (PDF)
    EPA-454/R-93-044 LOCATING AND ESTIMATING AIR EMISSIONS FROM SOURCES OF CHLOROBENZENES (REVISED) Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 March 1994 This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and has been approved for publication. Any mention of trade names or commercial products is not intended to constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ii CONTENTS Section Page DISCLAIMER ..................................................... ii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES .................................................. vii 1.0 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT ..................................... 1-1 1.1 Reference for Section 1.0 ................................... 1-5 2.0 OVERVIEW OF DOCUMENT CONTENTS .......................... 2-1 2.1 References for Section 2.0 .................................. 2-5 3.0 BACKGROUND .............................................. 3-1 3.1 Nature of Pollutant ....................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Properties of Chlorobenzenes ........................... 3-5 3.1.2 Properties of Monochlorobenzene ........................ 3-6 3.1.3 Properties of Dichlorobenzenes .......................... 3-6 3.1.4 Properties of Trichlorobenzenes ......................... 3-7 3.1.5 Properties of Hexachlorobenzene ........................ 3-7 3.2 Overview of Production and Use .............................. 3-8 3.3
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Guide to Non-Combustion Technologies for Remediation of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Soil, Second Edition – 2010
    Reference Guide to Non-combustion TechnologiesTechnologies for Remediation of Persistent Organic PollutantsPollutants in Soil, SecondS Edition - 2010 ts B an ii ta oa llu ac ll cc o u P m iic u n lla a t g tii rr o O n O tt g a yc llii n n ll c y attii on n e na orra d tt sso ap a ev ss e d B ii ss nd ee a ss udd nn ii r iitt u tiioo oo r tt siit HighHiHig latitudes e ll a a os m e -- po iidd ep DepositionDDe > evaporation PP e a M dd a ff ff o gg o oo nn t r t ii ss r High mobility oo High mobility ff ii ee pp ss cc cc ee nn aa gg aa rr Relatively high mobility rr Long-range Relatively high mobility n t Long-range n t t t aa uu i r cc i r i oceanic i oceanic o - - o rr o o gg ee transport Low mobility n transport n n n h h S o S o p p L L s s o o m m m m m m m m t t t t t t t t t a a a a a a Low latitudes t t Deposition > evaporation c Deposition > evaporation c ee ff ff ee ”” gg iinn p pp op sh as Grr ll ““G a iic T m h e e h n e C iio rm ll-C tt a a a ll iic ad ys ra h eg P De B iiore ogy med hnoll diiatiion Phytotech RR eemme giieess eddiiaattiioonn TTeecchhnnoolloog Solid Waste EPA 542-R-09-007 and Emergency Response September 2010 (5203P) www.clu-in.org/POPs Reference Guide to Non-combustion Technologies for Remediation of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Soil, Second Edition – 2010 Internet Address (URL) http://www.epa.gov Recycled/Recyclable.
    [Show full text]
  • Pentachlorobenzene
    Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee (POPRC) DRAFT RISK MANAGEMENT EVALUATION for Pentachlorobenzene Draft prepared by: The ad hoc working group on pentachlorobenzene April, 2008 1 Draft Risk Management Evaluation for Pentachlorobenzene Note: In accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 8 of the Stockholm Convention, this draft was prepared by the Persistent Organic Review Committee (POPRC) during its intersessional work. Parties and observers to the Stockholm Convention are invited to provide technical and substantive comments on this draft. Comments received will be considered by the ad hoc working group and the revised draft will be made available for the fourth meeting of the POPRC (13-17 October 2008 in Geneva). Please submit your comments to the Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention preferably by e-mail no later than 18 May, 2008 to: Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention POPs Review Committee 11-13 chemin des Anémones CH-1219, Châtelaine, Geneva, Switzerland Fax: (+41 22) 917 80 98 E-mail: [email protected] ___________________________________________________________________________________ Ad hoc working group on pentachlorobenzene Chair: Mr. Dario Sabularse (Philippines) Drafter: Mr. Martinus Petrus Mattheus Jenssen (The Netherlands) Members: Ms. Anahit Aleksandryan (Armenia), Prof. Ian Rae (Australia), Mr. Désiré Ouédraogo (Burkina Faso), Dr. Robert Chénier (Canada), Mr. Abderaman Mahamat Abderaman (Chad), Prof. Kouamé Kouadio (Côte d’Ivoire), Dr. Sylvain Bintein (France)**, Ms. Indrani Chandrasekharan (India)**, Mr. Mohammad Yadallee (Mauritius), Dr. Farah Bouqartacha (Morocco), Dr. Dario Sabularse (Philippines)*, Chair until May 2008, Ms. Evelin Fabjan (Slovenia)*, Prof. Henk Bouwman (South Africa), Dr. José V. Tarazona (Spain), Prof. Bo Wahlström, Ms. Maria Delvin (Sweden), Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • Chlorobenzenes Chemical Guidance Sheet
    CHLOROBENZENES Class or Substance Name Chlorobenzenes (Chlorinated Benzenes) Substance List by CAS Number Chlorobenzenes are a group of twelve chemical substances, each consisting of a benzene ring with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorine atoms. 108-90-7 Monochlorobenzene (MCB) 108-70-3 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-TCB) 95-50-1 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) 634-66-2 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,3,4-TeCB) 541-73-1 1,3-dichlorobenzene (1,3-DCB) 634-90-2 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,3,5-TeCB) 106-46-7 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB) 95-94-3 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TeCB) 87-61-6 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (1,2,3-TCB) 608-93-5 Pentachlorobenzene (PCB) 120-82-1 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) 118-74-1 Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) Description of Use in Apparel and Footwear Chlorobenzenes are mainly used as intermediates in the synthesis of other chemicals and may be present as impurities in chemical formulations (for example, dyestuffs and biocides). Chlorobenzenes can be used as dyeing carriers or leveling agents for dyeing, printing and coating of textile and leather materials including fibers, yarns and fabrics. They may also be used as deodorizers, fumigants, degreasers and defoliants. Dichlorobenzenes are used as insecticides or as solvents for rubber, CHLOROBENZENES MAY waxes or disinfection agents. Trichlorobenzenes are used as herbicides, insecticides or as solvents for dyestuffs and other BE FOUND IN: chemical formulations with high melting points. Textiles and leather materials Legislation around the world restricts the use of some chlorobenzenes .
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Protection Agency Pt. 261, App. VII
    Environmental Protection Agency Pt. 261, App. VII were constituted on the date first above APPENDIX II TO PART 261 [RESERVED] written. [Signature of Grantor] APPENDIX III TO PART 261 [RESERVED] [Title] Attest: APPENDIX IV TO PART 261 [RESERVED [Title] FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE TEST [Seal] METHODS] [Signature of Trustee] Attest: APPENDIX V TO PART 261 [RESERVED FOR [Title] INFECTIOUS WASTE TREATMENT [Seal] SPECIFICATIONS] (2) The following is an example of the certification of acknowledgement APPENDIX VI TO PART 261 [RESERVED which must accompany the trust FOR ETIOLOGIC AGENTS] agreement for a standby trust fund as specified in section 261.147(h) of this APPENDIX VII TO PART 261—BASIS FOR chapter. State requirements may differ LISTING HAZARDOUS WASTE on the proper content of this acknowl- edgement. EPA haz- State of lllllllllllllllllll ardous Hazardous constituents for which listed waste County of llllllllllllllllll No. On this [date], before me personally came [owner or operator] to me known, who, being F001 ..... Tetrachloroethylene, methylene chloride trichloro- by me duly sworn, did depose and say that ethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, carbon tetra- chloride, chlorinated fluorocarbons. she/he resides at [address], that she/he is F002 ..... Tetrachloroethylene, methylene chloride, trichloro- [title] of [corporation], the corporation de- ethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloro- scribed in and which executed the above in- ethane, chlorobenzene, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2- strument; that she/he knows the seal of said trifluoroethane, ortho-dichlorobenzene, corporation; that the seal affixed to such in- trichlorofluoromethane. strument is such corporate seal; that it was F003 ..... N.A. so affixed by order of the Board of Directors F004 ....
    [Show full text]
  • 711701023.Pdf
    research for RIJKSINSTITUUT VOOR VOLKSGEZONDHEID EN MILIEU man and environment NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT RIVM report 711701 023 Technical evaluation of the Intervention Values for Soil/sediment and Groundwater Human and ecotoxicological risk assessment and derivation of risk limits for soil, aquatic sediment and groundwater J.P.A. Lijzen, A.J. Baars, P.F. Otte, M.G.J. Rikken, F.A. Swartjes, E.M.J. Verbruggen and A.P. van Wezel February 2001 This investigation has been performed by account of The Ministry of Housing Spatial Planning and the Environment, Directorate General for the Environment (DGM), Directorate of Soil, Water and Rural Areas, within the framework of project 711701, Risk in relation to Soil Quality. RIVM, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, telephone: 31 - 30 - 274 91 11; fax: 31 - 30 - 274 29 71 page 2 of 147 RIVM report 711701 023 Abstract Intervention Values are generic soil quality standards used to classify historically contaminated soils (i.e. before 1987) as seriously contaminated in the framework of the Dutch Soil Protection Act. In 1994 Intervention Values were published for 70 (groups of) compounds. These values, based on potential risks to human health and ecosystems, are technically evaluated on the basis of recent scientific views and data on risk assessment. Serious Risk Concentrations (SRCs, formerly called SCC) are revised for soil and groundwater; in addition SRCs are derived for sediment. A policy phase will start in 2001 to determine how the results will be implemented for setting Intervention Values. Starting points for the derivation of SRCs, partly chosen because of the policy context in which the SRCs are used, are mentioned and discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities 1. This Appendix Lists Materials
    172.101 App A Appendix A to §172.101 - List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities 1. This Appendix lists materials and their corresponding reportable quantities (RQ's) that are listed or designated as "hazardous substances'' under section 101(14) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. 9601(14) (CERCLA; 42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq). This listing fulfills the requirement of CERCLA, 42 U.S.C. 9656(a), that all ``hazardous substances,'' as defined in 42 U.S.C. 9601(14), be listed and regulated as hazardous materials under 49 U.S.C. 5101-5127. That definition includes substances listed under sections 311(b)(2)(A) and 307(a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(2)(A) and 1317(a), section 3001 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, 42 U.S.C. 6921, and section 112 of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7412. In addition, this list contains materials that the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency has determined to be hazardous substances in accordance with section 102 of CERCLA, 42 U.S.C. 9602. It should be noted that 42 U.S.C. 9656(b) provides that common and contract carriers may be held liable under laws other than CERCLA for the release of a hazardous substance as defined in that Act, during transportation that commenced before the effective date of the listing and regulating of that substance as a hazardous material under 49 U.S.C. 5101-5127. 2. This Appendix is divided into two TABLES which are entitled "TABLE 1-HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES OTHER THAN RADIONUCLIDES'' and "TABLE 2-RADIONUCLIDES.'' A material listed in this Appendix is regulated as a hazardous material and a hazardous substance under this subchapter if it meets the definition of a hazardous substance in §171.8 of this subchapter.
    [Show full text]
  • National Chemicals Registers and Inventories: Benefits and Approaches to Development ABSTRACT
    The WHO Regional Oce for Europe The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations created in 1948 with the primary responsibility for international health matters each with its own programme geared to the particular health conditions of the countries it serves. Member States Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina National chemicals Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus registers and inventories: Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland benefits and approaches France Georgia Germany to development Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark United Kingdom Tel.: +45 45 33 70 00 Fax: +45 45 33 70 01 Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.euro.who.int ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The project “Development of legislative and operational framework for collection and sharing of information on hazardous chemicals in Georgia “ (2015-2017) was funded by the German Federal Environment Ministry’s Advisory Assistance Programme for environmental protection in the countries of central and eastern Europe, the Caucasus and central Asia and other countries neighbouring the European Union. It was supervised by the German Environment Agency. The responsibility
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Chemical Contaminants in the Marine Environment
    Potential chemical contaminants in the marine environment An overview of main contaminant lists Victoria Tornero, Georg Hanke 2017 EUR 28925 EN This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. Contact information Name: Victoria Tornero Address: European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate D Sustainable Resources, Water and Marine Resources Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA) Email: [email protected] Tel.: +39-0332-785984 JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC 108964 EUR 28925 EN PDF ISBN 978-92-79-77045-6 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/337288 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017 © European Union, 2017 The reuse of the document is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the original meaning or message of the texts are not distorted. The European Commission shall not be held liable for any consequences stemming from the reuse. How to cite this report: Tornero V, Hanke G. Potential chemical contaminants in the marine environment: An overview of main contaminant lists. ISBN 978-92-79-77045-6, EUR 28925, doi:10.2760/337288 All images © European Union 2017 Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ 1 Abstract ............................................................................................................... 2 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 3 2 Compilation of substances of environmental concern .............................................
    [Show full text]
  • PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS DDT-Aldrin
    PCS/95.39 December 1995 A REVIEW OF SELECTED PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS DDT-Aldrin-Dieldrin-Endrin-Chlordane Heptachlor-Hexachlorobenzene-Mïrex-Toxaphene Polychlorinated biphenyls Dioxins and Furans Please note that the pagination and layout of this pdf file are not identical to the printed document Prepared by: L. Ritter, K.R. Solomon, J. Forget Canadian Network of Toxicology Centres 620 Gordon Street Guelph ON, Canada NIG 2W1 and M. Stemeroff and C. O’Leary Deloitte and Touche Consulting Group 98 Macdonell St., Guelph ON, Canada NlH 2Z7 For: The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) This Review is produced for the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). The work is carried out within the framework of the Inter-Organization: Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC). The Review does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization. The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. The main objective of the IPCS is to carry out and disseminate evaluations of the effects of chemicals on human health and the quality of the environment. Supporting activities include the development of epidemiological, experimental laboratory, and risk-assessment methods that could produce internationally comparable results, and the development of human resources in the field of chemical safety. Other activities carried out by the IPCS include the development of know-how for coping with chemical accidents, strengthening capabilities for prevention of an response to chemical accidents and their follow-up, coordination of laboratory testing and epidemiological studies, and promotion of research on the mechanisms of the biological action of chemicals.
    [Show full text]
  • Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (Edcs) 9
    An Assessment Report on Issues of Concern: Chemicals and Waste Issues Posing Risks to Human Health and the Environment Annexes Table of Contents A. Supporting Information on Existing Instruments and Actions to Address the Issues of Concern under SAICM ����������������������������������������5 1. Chemicals in Products (CiP) 6 2. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) 9 3. Environmentally Persistent Pharmaceutical Pollutants (EPPPs) 14 4. Hazardous Substances in the Life Cycle of Electrical and Electronic Products (HSLEEP) 17 5. Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) 24 6. Lead in Paint 29 7. Nanotechnology and Manufactured Nanomaterials 31 8. Per- and Polyfluoralkyl Substances (PFASs) 34 B. Supporting Information on Assessment of Issues Where Emerging Evidence Indicates Risks Identified by GCO-II ���������������������������39 1. Arsenic 40 2. Bisphenol A (BPA) 45 3. Cadmium 57 4. Glyphosate 63 5. Lead 71 6. Microplastics 79 7. Neonicotinoids 87 8. Organotins 97 9. Phthalates 102 10. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) 110 11. Triclosan 114 C. Annex References �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������129 A.1. CiP 131 A.2. EDCs 132 A.3. EPPPs 135 A.4. HSLEEP 136 A.5. HHPs 138 A.6. Lead in Paint 140 A.7. Nanotechnology and Manufactured Nanomaterials 140 A.8. PFASs 142 B.1. Arsenic 143 B.2. BPA 145 B.3. Cadmium 164 B.4. Glyphosate 167 B.5. Lead 168 B.6. Microplastics 172 B.7. Neonicotinoids 174 B.8. Organotins 177 B.9. Phthalates 179 B.10. PAHs 182 B.11. Triclosan 184 Image credits All images by © Thomas Kast A. Supporting Information on Existing Instruments and Actions to Address the Issues of Concern under SAICM 1.
    [Show full text]