The Aphids (Homoptera:Aphididae) of British Columbia 5
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Zootaxa,Phylogeny and Higher Classification of the Scale Insects
Zootaxa 1668: 413–425 (2007) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)* P.J. GULLAN1 AND L.G. COOK2 1Department of Entomology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 2School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. Email: [email protected] *In: Zhang, Z.-Q. & Shear, W.A. (Eds) (2007) Linnaeus Tercentenary: Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy. Zootaxa, 1668, 1–766. Table of contents Abstract . .413 Introduction . .413 A review of archaeococcoid classification and relationships . 416 A review of neococcoid classification and relationships . .420 Future directions . .421 Acknowledgements . .422 References . .422 Abstract The superfamily Coccoidea contains nearly 8000 species of plant-feeding hemipterans comprising up to 32 families divided traditionally into two informal groups, the archaeococcoids and the neococcoids. The neococcoids form a mono- phyletic group supported by both morphological and genetic data. In contrast, the monophyly of the archaeococcoids is uncertain and the higher level ranks within it have been controversial, particularly since the late Professor Jan Koteja introduced his multi-family classification for scale insects in 1974. Recent phylogenetic studies using molecular and morphological data support the recognition of up to 15 extant families of archaeococcoids, including 11 families for the former Margarodidae sensu lato, vindicating Koteja’s views. Archaeococcoids are represented better in the fossil record than neococcoids, and have an adequate record through the Tertiary and Cretaceous but almost no putative coccoid fos- sils are known from earlier. -
Correlation of Stylet Activities by the Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter, Homalodisca Coagulata (Say), with Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) Waveforms
ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Insect Physiology 52 (2006) 327–337 www.elsevier.com/locate/jinsphys Correlation of stylet activities by the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), with electrical penetration graph (EPG) waveforms P. Houston Joosta, Elaine A. Backusb,Ã, David Morganc, Fengming Yand aDepartment of Entomology, University of Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA bUSDA-ARS Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648, USA cCalifornia Department of Food and Agriculture, Mt. Rubidoux Field Station, 4500 Glenwood Dr., Bldg. E, Riverside, CA 92501, USA dCollege of Life Sciences, Peking Univerisity, Beijing, China Received 5 May 2005; received in revised form 29 November 2005; accepted 29 November 2005 Abstract Glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), is an efficient vector of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), the causal bacterium of Pierce’s disease, and leaf scorch in almond and oleander. Acquisition and inoculation of Xf occur sometime during the process of stylet penetration into the plant. That process is most rigorously studied via electrical penetration graph (EPG) monitoring of insect feeding. This study provides part of the crucial biological meanings that define the waveforms of each new insect species recorded by EPG. By synchronizing AC EPG waveforms with high-magnification video of H. coagulata stylet penetration in artifical diet, we correlated stylet activities with three previously described EPG pathway waveforms, A1, B1 and B2, as well as one ingestion waveform, C. Waveform A1 occured at the beginning of stylet penetration. This waveform was correlated with salivary sheath trunk formation, repetitive stylet movements involving retraction of both maxillary stylets and one mandibular stylet, extension of the stylet fascicle, and the fluttering-like movements of the maxillary stylet tips. -
Twenty-Five Pests You Don't Want in Your Garden
Twenty-five Pests You Don’t Want in Your Garden Prepared by the PA IPM Program J. Kenneth Long, Jr. PA IPM Program Assistant (717) 772-5227 [email protected] Pest Pest Sheet Aphid 1 Asparagus Beetle 2 Bean Leaf Beetle 3 Cabbage Looper 4 Cabbage Maggot 5 Colorado Potato Beetle 6 Corn Earworm (Tomato Fruitworm) 7 Cutworm 8 Diamondback Moth 9 European Corn Borer 10 Flea Beetle 11 Imported Cabbageworm 12 Japanese Beetle 13 Mexican Bean Beetle 14 Northern Corn Rootworm 15 Potato Leafhopper 16 Slug 17 Spotted Cucumber Beetle (Southern Corn Rootworm) 18 Squash Bug 19 Squash Vine Borer 20 Stink Bug 21 Striped Cucumber Beetle 22 Tarnished Plant Bug 23 Tomato Hornworm 24 Wireworm 25 PA IPM Program Pest Sheet 1 Aphids Many species (Homoptera: Aphididae) (Origin: Native) Insect Description: 1 Adults: About /8” long; soft-bodied; light to dark green; may be winged or wingless. Cornicles, paired tubular structures on abdomen, are helpful in identification. Nymph: Daughters are born alive contain- ing partly formed daughters inside their bodies. (See life history below). Soybean Aphids Eggs: Laid in protected places only near the end of the growing season. Primary Host: Many vegetable crops. Life History: Females lay eggs near the end Damage: Adults and immatures suck sap from of the growing season in protected places on plants, reducing vigor and growth of plant. host plants. In spring, plump “stem Produce “honeydew” (sticky liquid) on which a mothers” emerge from these eggs, and give black fungus can grow. live birth to daughters, and theygive birth Management: Hide under leaves. -
Melon Aphid Or Cotton Aphid, Aphis Gossypii Glover (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae)1 John L
EENY-173 Melon Aphid or Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae)1 John L. Capinera2 Distribution generation can be completed parthenogenetically in about seven days. Melon aphid occurs in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except northernmost areas. In the In the south, and at least as far north as Arkansas, sexual United States, it is regularly a pest in the southeast and forms are not important. Females continue to produce southwest, but is occasionally damaging everywhere. Be- offspring without mating so long as weather allows feeding cause melon aphid sometimes overwinters in greenhouses, and growth. Unlike many aphid species, melon aphid is and may be introduced into the field with transplants in the not adversely affected by hot weather. Melon aphid can spring, it has potential to be damaging almost anywhere. complete its development and reproduce in as little as a week, so numerous generations are possible under suitable Life Cycle and Description environmental conditions. The life cycle differs greatly between north and south. In the north, female nymphs hatch from eggs in the spring on Egg the primary hosts. They may feed, mature, and reproduce When first deposited, the eggs are yellow, but they soon parthenogenetically (viviparously) on this host all summer, become shiny black in color. As noted previously, the eggs or they may produce winged females that disperse to normally are deposited on catalpa and rose of sharon. secondary hosts and form new colonies. The dispersants typically select new growth to feed upon, and may produce Nymph both winged (alate) and wingless (apterous) female The nymphs vary in color from tan to gray or green, and offspring. -
Establishment of the Brown Citrus Aphid Leadership of David Gumpf, UC University of Wisconsin, Madison; E.E
mation on ELB, the goals of the pro- Invisible invaders . gram and specifics on the treatments in their area. STEP also made presen- tations to neighborhood associations and displayed an information table at Insect-t ransmitted viruses a popular outdoor market throughout the summer. Through community education and outreach, the coopera- threaten agriculture tion of city agencies, good monitoring and the development of new strategies Robert L. Gilbertson a Diane E. Ullman, first authors to control elm leaf beetles in ”hot Raquel Salati 3 Douglas P. Maxwell spots,” the IPM program for Sacra- mento is being developed and should Elizabeth E. Grafton-Cardwell o MaryLou Polek be fully implemented within several years. The vast movement of people and Despite technological advances lead- D.L. Dahlsten is Professor and Associate agricultural products between dis- ing to tremendous yield increases for Dean, D.L. Rowney is Biostatistician and tant geographical regions has cre- many crops, modern agricultural pro- A.B. Lazuson is Graduate Student Re- ated unprecedented opportunities duction continues to face pest threats, searcher, Center for Biological Control, for introducing plant viruses and among them insects, plant pathogens, Division of Insect Biology, College of the insects that carry them (vec- and weeds. Often growers are faced Natural Resources, UC Berkeley. tors) to new areas. Outbreaks of with multiple pests, which exacerbates The authors thank the many individu- new viruses may be favored in crop damage and complicates manage- als and agencies that have assisted in the these agroecosystems by crop ment strategies. A dramatic example development of this program over the of how two types of pests “team up” susceptibility, the presence of par- years, and particularly Steve Dreistadt, to cause major problems for California UC Davis, UC/IPM Project; Beverly ticular weeds and certain agricul- agricultural production is the case of Gingg, San Luis Obispo; Anne Fenkner tural practices. -
Insect Classification Standards 2020
RECOMMENDED INSECT CLASSIFICATION FOR UGA ENTOMOLOGY CLASSES (2020) In an effort to standardize the hexapod classification systems being taught to our students by our faculty in multiple courses across three UGA campuses, I recommend that the Entomology Department adopts the basic system presented in the following textbook: Triplehorn, C.A. and N.F. Johnson. 2005. Borror and DeLong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects. 7th ed. Thomson Brooks/Cole, Belmont CA, 864 pp. This book was chosen for a variety of reasons. It is widely used in the U.S. as the textbook for Insect Taxonomy classes, including our class at UGA. It focuses on North American taxa. The authors were cautious, presenting changes only after they have been widely accepted by the taxonomic community. Below is an annotated summary of the T&J (2005) classification. Some of the more familiar taxa above the ordinal level are given in caps. Some of the more important and familiar suborders and families are indented and listed beneath each order. Note that this is neither an exhaustive nor representative list of suborders and families. It was provided simply to clarify which taxa are impacted by some of more important classification changes. Please consult T&J (2005) for information about taxa that are not listed below. Unfortunately, T&J (2005) is now badly outdated with respect to some significant classification changes. Therefore, in the classification standard provided below, some well corroborated and broadly accepted updates have been made to their classification scheme. Feel free to contact me if you have any questions about this classification. -
The Leafhopper Vectors of Phytopathogenic Viruses (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) Taxonomy, Biology, and Virus Transmission
/«' THE LEAFHOPPER VECTORS OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC VIRUSES (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) TAXONOMY, BIOLOGY, AND VIRUS TRANSMISSION Technical Bulletin No. 1382 Agricultural Research Service UMTED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many individuals gave valuable assistance in the preparation of this work, for which I am deeply grateful. I am especially indebted to Miss Julianne Rolfe for dissecting and preparing numerous specimens for study and for recording data from the literature on the subject matter. Sincere appreciation is expressed to James P. Kramer, U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C., for providing the bulk of material for study, for allowing access to type speci- mens, and for many helpful suggestions. I am also grateful to William J. Knight, British Museum (Natural History), London, for loan of valuable specimens, for comparing type material, and for giving much useful information regarding the taxonomy of many important species. I am also grateful to the following persons who allowed me to examine and study type specimens: René Beique, Laval Univer- sity, Ste. Foy, Quebec; George W. Byers, University of Kansas, Lawrence; Dwight M. DeLong and Paul H. Freytag, Ohio State University, Columbus; Jean L. LaiFoon, Iowa State University, Ames; and S. L. Tuxen, Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Co- penhagen, Denmark. To the following individuals who provided additional valuable material for study, I give my sincere thanks: E. W. Anthon, Tree Fruit Experiment Station, Wenatchee, Wash.; L. M. Black, Uni- versity of Illinois, Urbana; W. E. China, British Museum (Natu- ral History), London; L. N. Chiykowski, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa ; G. H. L. Dicker, East Mailing Research Sta- tion, Kent, England; J. -
Biosecurity Risk Assessment
An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries RIRDC Publication No. 11/141 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries by Dr Robert C Keogh February 2012 RIRDC Publication No. 11/141 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-007347 © 2012 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-320-8 ISSN 1440-6845 An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries Publication No. 11/141 Project No. PRJ-007347 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. -
Stoichiometric Relations in an Ant-Treehopper Mutualism
Ecology Letters, (2004) 7: 1024–1028 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00667.x IDEAS AND PERSPECTIVES Stoichiometric relations in an ant-treehopper mutualism Abstract Adam D. Kay,1* Sara E. Scott,2 Carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus (C : N : P) stoichiometry can underlie physiological John D. Schade3,4 and and life history characteristics that shape ecological interactions. Despite its potential Sarah E. Hobbie1 importance, there is much to learn about the causes and consequences of stoichiometric 1 Department of Ecology, variation in terrestrial consumers. Here we show that treehoppers (Publilia modesta) Evolution and Behavior, tended by ants (Formica obscuripes) contained lower N concentrations than treehoppers on University of Minnesota, 100 plants from which ants were excluded. Ant presence also affected nutrient concentra- Ecology Building, 1987 Upper tions in host plants: on plants with ants, leaves contained uniformly low concentrations Buford Circle, St Paul, MN of N; on plants without ants, N concentrations were low only in the few leaves fed upon 55108, USA 2Department of Biology, by treehoppers at the time of collection. We suggest treehopper feeding reduces leaf College of St Benedict, St nutrient levels and ants positively affect treehopper abundance, producing a top–down Joseph, MN, USA effect on plant quality. Determining the causes of these stoichiometric changes should 3School of Life Sciences, Arizona help elucidate factors guiding the dynamics of conditional mutualisms between ants and State University, Tempe, AZ, homopterans. -
Hemiptera, Aphididae) Inferred from Molecular-Based Phylogeny and Comprehensive Morphological Data
RESEARCH ARTICLE The relationships within the Chaitophorinae and Drepanosiphinae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) inferred from molecular-based phylogeny and comprehensive morphological data Karina Wieczorek1*, Dorota Lachowska-Cierlik2, èukasz Kajtoch3, Mariusz Kanturski1 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, 2 Department of Entomology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, KrakoÂw, Poland, 3 Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, KrakoÂw, Poland a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract The Chaitophorinae is a bionomically diverse Holarctic subfamily of Aphididae. The current classification includes two tribes: the Chaitophorini associated with deciduous trees and shrubs, and Siphini that feed on monocotyledonous plants. We present the first phylogenetic OPEN ACCESS hypothesis for the subfamily, based on molecular and morphological datasets. Molecular Citation: Wieczorek K, Lachowska-Cierlik D, analyses were based on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the Kajtoch è, Kanturski M (2017) The relationships within the Chaitophorinae and Drepanosiphinae nuclear gene elongation factor-1α (EF-1α). Phylogenetic inferences were obtained individu- (Hemiptera, Aphididae) inferred from molecular- ally on each of genes and joined alignments using Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum based phylogeny and comprehensive likelihood (ML). In phylogenetic trees reconstructed on the basis of nuclear and mitochon- morphological data. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0173608. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173608 drial genes as well as a morphological dataset, the monophyly of Siphini and the genus Chaitophorus was supported. Periphyllus forms independent lineages from Chaitophorus Editor: Daniel Doucet, Natural Resources Canada, CANADA and Siphini. Within this genus two clades comprising European and Asiatic species, respec- tively, were indicated. -
Marine Insects
UC San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography Technical Report Title Marine Insects Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pm1485b Author Cheng, Lanna Publication Date 1976 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Marine Insects Edited by LannaCheng Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, Calif. 92093, U.S.A. NORTH-HOLLANDPUBLISHINGCOMPANAY, AMSTERDAM- OXFORD AMERICANELSEVIERPUBLISHINGCOMPANY , NEWYORK © North-Holland Publishing Company - 1976 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,without the prior permission of the copyright owner. North-Holland ISBN: 0 7204 0581 5 American Elsevier ISBN: 0444 11213 8 PUBLISHERS: NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY - AMSTERDAM NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY LTD. - OXFORD SOLEDISTRIBUTORSFORTHEU.S.A.ANDCANADA: AMERICAN ELSEVIER PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC . 52 VANDERBILT AVENUE, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Marine insects. Includes indexes. 1. Insects, Marine. I. Cheng, Lanna. QL463.M25 595.700902 76-17123 ISBN 0-444-11213-8 Preface In a book of this kind, it would be difficult to achieve a uniform treatment for each of the groups of insects discussed. The contents of each chapter generally reflect the special interests of the contributors. Some have presented a detailed taxonomic review of the families concerned; some have referred the readers to standard taxonomic works, in view of the breadth and complexity of the subject concerned, and have concentrated on ecological or physiological aspects; others have chosen to review insects of a specific set of habitats. -
Dugravot. 2008. Correlations of Cibarial Muscle.Pdf
Journal of Insect Physiology 54 (2008) 1467–1478 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Insect Physiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jinsphys Correlations of cibarial muscle activities of Homalodisca spp. sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with EPG ingestion waveform and excretion Sebastien Dugravot a,1, Elaine A. Backus b,3,*, Brendon J. Reardon a,2,3, Thomas A. Miller a a Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA b USDA Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 So. Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Fluid flow into and out of the stylets of xylem-ingesting sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Received 31 December 2006 Cicadellinae) is powered by muscles of the cibarial pump. Such fluid flow is crucial for transmission of Received in revised form 2 May 2008 Xylella fastidiosa, the Pierce’s Disease bacterium, yet has not been rigorously studied via electrical Accepted 7 May 2008 penetration graph (EPG) technology. We correlated EPG waveforms with electromyographically (EMG) recorded muscle potentials from the cibarial dilator muscles, which power the piston-like cibarial Keywords: diaphragm. There was a 1:1 correspondence of each cycle of cibarial muscle contraction/relaxation with Electrical penetration graph each plateau of EPG waveform C. Results definitively showed that the C waveform represents active Electronic monitoring Xylella fastidiosa ingestion, i.e. fluid flow is propelled by cibarial muscle contraction. Moreover, each C waveform episode Pierce’s Disease represents muscular diaphragm uplift, probably combined with a ‘‘bounce’’ from cuticular elasticity, to Feeding provide the suction that pulls fluid into the stylets.