Unsere Mütter, Unsere Väter“

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Unsere Mütter, Unsere Väter“ BACHELORARBEIT Herr Nicolas Femerling „Unsere Mütter, unsere Väter“ „Ein Spielfilmdreiteiler mit historischer Aufklärung“ oder „Die Geschichtsverfälschung einer widersprüchlichen Generation“? 2013 Fakultät: Medien BACHELORARBEIT „Unsere Mütter, unsere Väter“ „Ein Spielfilmdreiteiler mit historischer Aufklärung“ oder „Die Geschichtsverfälschung einer widersprüchlichen Generation“? Autor: Herr Nicolas Femerling Studiengang: Angewandte Medien Seminargruppe: AM10wT1-B Erstprüfer: Prof. Dr. Detlef Gwosc Zweitprüfer: Dipl.-Journalistin Katrin Kramer Einreichung: Mittweida, 23.07.2013 Faculty of Media BACHELOR THESIS “Unsere Mütter, unsere Väter” “A trilogy with historical clarification” or “The falsification of the history of a contradictory generation”? author: Mr. Nicolas Femerling course of studies: Angewandte Medien seminar group: AM10wT1-B first examiner: Prof. Dr. Detlef Gwosc second examiner: Dipl.-Journalistin Katrin Kramer submission: Mittweida, 23.07.2013 Bibliografische Angaben Femerling, Nicolas „Unsere Mütter, unsere Väter“ - „Ein Spielfilmdreiteiler mit historischer Aufklärung“ oder „Die Geschichtsverfälschung einer widersprüchlichen Generation“? “Unsere Mütter, unsere Väter”- “A trilogy with historical clarification” or “The falsification of the history of a contradictory generation”? Hochschule Mittweida, University of Applied Sciences, Fakultät Medien, Bachelorarbeit, 2013 Abstract Die Arbeit untersucht den Spielfilmdreiteiler „Unsere Mütter, unsere Väter“ auf die historische Wahrheit seiner Darstellungen, die das Leben von fünf jungen Menschen im Zweiten Weltkrieg zeigen, die stellvertretend für eine Bandbreite von Kriegsteilnehmern stehen. Dazu werden Filmszenen und Dialoge mit belegten Fakten und Berichten von Zeitzeugen verglichen. Thematische Schwerpunkte der Untersuchung sind das Leben im Nationalsozialismus, der Krieg an der Ost- und Heimatfront, die Vernichtung des europäischen Judentums sowie das damalige Verhältnis zwischen Polen und seiner jüdischen Bevölkerung. Inhaltsverzeichnis VI Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................. IX 1 Einleitung – "Unsere Mütter, unsere Väter" ...................................................... 1 2 Schriftliche Zeitzeugen... .................................................................................... 4 2.1 Deutsche Feldpostbriefe ............................................................................ 4 2.2 Alliierte Abhörprotokolle ............................................................................. 5 3 Referenzrahmen und Militarisierung des Deutschen Reiches ......................... 7 3.1 Die Referenzrahmen .................................................................................. 7 3.2 Die Referenzrahmenordnung ..................................................................... 7 3.3 Der Referenzrahmen im "Dritten Reich" ..................................................... 8 3.4 Die Folgen des Versailler Vertrags ............................................................. 9 3.5 Der Wehrgedanke im Deutschen Reich ....................................................11 4 Das Leben im Nationalsozialismus ...................................................................13 4.1 Fünf Freunde ...........................................................................................13 4.1.1 Wilhelm Winter ......................................................................... 13 4.1.2 Friedhelm Winter ...................................................................... 14 4.1.3 Charlotte Weiss ........................................................................ 15 4.1.4 Greta Müller ............................................................................. 16 4.1.5 Viktor Goldstein ........................................................................ 16 4.2 Der Nationalsozialismus im "Dritten Reich" ...............................................17 4.3 Der Glaube an den schnellen Endsieg ......................................................20 4.4 Aufwertung durch Rassentrennung ..........................................................20 4.4.1 Gesellschaftliche Ausgrenzung der Juden ............................... 21 4.4.2 Skepsis und Unwissenheit ....................................................... 22 4.4.3 Mehrheitliche Systemzufriedenheit........................................... 24 5 Der Ostfeldzug ....................................................................................................26 5.1 Das Unternehmen "Barbarossa" ...............................................................26 5.2 Stalins Reaktion ........................................................................................28 5.3 Deutsche Befreier und Eroberer ................................................................29 5.4 Deutsche Kriegsverbrechen ......................................................................30 5.4.1 Russische Kriegsgefangene..................................................... 31 Inhaltsverzeichnis VII 5.4.2 Eskalation der Gewalt .............................................................. 32 5.4.3 Der Kommissarbefehl ............................................................... 33 5.4.4 Aufhebung des Kommissarbefehls ........................................... 37 6 Die "Endlösung der Judenfrage" ......................................................................38 6.1 Die "Judenfrage" im Deutschen Reich .......................................................38 6.2 Antisemitische Maßnahmen im Deutschen Reich......................................40 6.3 Vertreibungs- und Vernichtungspläne .......................................................42 6.4 Ausreiseverbot und Zwangsevakuierung ...................................................44 6.5 Vernichtung des europäischen Judentums ................................................47 6.6 Massenerschießungen an der Ostfront .....................................................48 6.7 Nationale Hilfsmannschaften .....................................................................50 6.8 Das Töten von Frauen und Kindern ..........................................................52 6.9 Psychische Belastungen und Ängste ........................................................53 6.10 Der Unterschied zwischen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS .............................56 7 Die Gewalt im Zweiten Weltkrieg .......................................................................60 7.1 Die Gewalt im Menschen ..........................................................................60 7.2 Das Gewaltpotential der deutschen Soldaten ............................................61 7.3 Formen der körperlichen Gewalt ...............................................................63 8 Führerkult und Endsiegglaube ..........................................................................65 8.1 Das Vertrauen zum Führer ........................................................................65 8.2 Endsiegzweifel und Wehrkraftzersetzung ..................................................67 8.3 Fahnenflucht und Bewährungsbataillone ...................................................71 9 Frauen an der Front ...........................................................................................74 9.1 Die Krankenschwestern des Deutschen Roten Kreuzes ...........................74 9.1.1 Schwesternnachwuchs beim DRK ........................................... 75 9.1.2 Fronteinsatz im Lazarett ........................................................... 76 9.1.3 Die Rückkehr der DRK-Schwestern ......................................... 79 9.2 Stars und Sternchen im Deutschen Reich .................................................80 10 Polen und die Juden ..........................................................................................82 10.1 "Unsere Mütter, unsere Väter" in polnischer Kritik .....................................82 10.2 Der Partisanenkrieg an der Ostfront ..........................................................84 10.2.1 Die Armia Krajowa ................................................................... 84 Inhaltsverzeichnis VIII 10.2.2 Die Partisanenbekämpfung der Deutschen .............................. 86 10.2.3 Der Antisemitismus in der Heimatarmee .................................. 89 10.3 Mediale Aufklärung in Polen ......................................................................91 10.4 Die polnisch-jüdische Beziehung ...............................................................93 10.4.1 Polen unter deutsch-sowjetischer Besatzung ........................... 94 10.4.2 Polnische Vergeltung ............................................................... 95 10.4.3 Das Massaker von Jedwabne .................................................. 96 10.5 Die polnisch-jüdische Debatte und ihre Folgen .........................................97 11 Ergebnis der Untersuchung ..............................................................................99 Literaturverzeichnis .................................................................................................. XI Anlagen ..................................................................................................................... XV Eigenständigkeitserklärung ................................................................................... XVI Abbildungsverzeichnis IX Abbildungsverzeichnis Abbildung 1: Wilhelm Winter .....................................................................................13
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