Vienna, 5 September 2018
Role of COPUOS and UNOOSA in Global Space Governance
Niklas Hedman/Aygul Duysenhanova United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs United Nations Office at Vienna www.unoosa.org Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Established by General Assembly in 1959 to govern exploration and use of space for the benefit of all humanity (& STSC + LSC) Instrumental in the creation of the five treaties and five principles of outer space, and important to strengthen the international legal regime governing outer space Provides a unique platform at a global level to monitor and discuss developments in the space agenda and space technology applications. Support efforts at national, regional and global level to maximize the benefits of the use of space science, technology and applications. Increase coherence and synergy in international cooperation in space activities at all levels Membership AG: Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia
APG: Bahrain, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mongolia, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Viet Nam
EG: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Ukraine
GRULAC: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
WEOG: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, (Turkey), United Kingdom, (United States)
2018: Applications from Cyprus, Ethiopia, Finland, Mauritius and Paraguay COPUOS Mandates
1959: UN General Assembly resolution 1472 (XIV) reaffirmed the role of COPUOS and mandated the Committee to:
• Review international co-operation • Study space-related activities that could be undertaken under United Nations auspices • Encourage and assist with national space research programmes • Study legal problems which may arise from the exploration of outer space COPUOS Agendas
Space and Space and Disaster Space and Sustainable climate change Management Water Development
Long-term space law and sustainability of Space Security UNISPACE+50 policy outer space and TCBMs activities
Global Near-Earth Navigation Space Space and objects Satellite Weather Global Health Systems Five UN Treaties and Principles on Outer Space Outer Space Treaty, 1967 (107 States parties/23 signatories) Rescue Agreement, 1968 (96/23) Liability Convention, 1972 (95/19) Registration Convention, 1975 (67/3) Moon Agreement, 1979 (18/4)
• Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Uses of Outer Space (1963) • Principles Governing the Use by States of Artificial Earth Satellites for International Direct Television Broadcasting (1982) • Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space (1986) • Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space (1992) • Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for the Benefit and in the Interests of All States, Taking into Particular Account the Needs of Developing Countries (1996) Application of the concept of the ”launching State” (resolution 59/115 of 10 December 2004) Recommendations on enhancing the practice of States and international intergovernmental organizations in registering space objects (resolution 62/101 of 17 December 2007) Recommendations on national legislation relevant to the peaceful exploration and use of outer space (resolution 68/74 of 11 December 2013) Space debris mitigation guidelines of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (annexed to 2007 COPUOS report A/62/20) Safety framework for nuclear power source applications in outer space (contained in A/AC.105/934 from 2009) COPUOS and Space Debris: Overview
• Scientific and Technical Subcommittee (STSC) – Space debris included in agenda of STSC from 1994 – STSC work plan 1996-1998 on developing technical report on space debris STSC – STSC Technical Report on Space Debris adopted in 1999 (IADC) – STSC Working Group on space debris 2004-2006 – COPUOS Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines adopted in 2007
• Legal Subcommittee (LSC) – LSC agenda item “General exchange of information on national mechanisms relating to space debris mitigation measures” (2009)
LSC – “General exchange of information and views on legal mechanisms relating to space debris mitigation measures, taking into account the work of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee” (from 2012) – Compendium of space debris mitigation standards (2014) – As of 2018 “space debris remediation” included in the agenda item 8 Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities • Core thematic areas: – Sustainable space utilization supporting sustainable development on Earth – Space debris mitigation, safety of space operations, tools to support space situational awareness – Space weather – Regulatory regimes and guidance for actors in the space arena
• Interlink with the report of the Group of Governmental Experts on Transparency and Confidence-building Measures in Outer Space Activities (A/68/189) . Risk reduction notifications, inter alia, on manoeuvres that may result in risk to flight safety of other space objects; uncontrolled high-risk re-entry events; emergency situations; intentional orbital break-ups GGE report on TCBMs in outer space activities
GGE-recommendations include information on national space policy, military expenditure, notifications on status of space objects, safety of space operations (including collision avoidance, scheduled manoeuvres, re-entry risks, emergency situations, intentional break-ups), hazards (natural), visits
Resolution decides to refer the recommendations of the GGE report to COPUOS, Disarmament Commission and Conference on Disarmament (CD) for consideration, as appropriate (68/50 and follow up through 69/38, 70/53)
UN-system coordination is encouraged by the resolution in operative paragraph 5; GGE report paragraph 66 recommends coordination between UNOOSA, UNODA and other appropriate UN entities. Structure Office of the Director (Ms. Simonetta Di Pippo)
Register on Space Objects Public Outreach Youth
Committee, Policy and Legal Space Applications Affairs Section Section (Mr. Niklas Hedman) (Mr. Luc St-Pierre)
Programme on Space UN-SPIDER ICG Applications
Beijing Vienna Bonn UNOOSA Mandates
• Serves as substantive and administrative Secretariat to the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and its Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and Legal Subcommittee, including 6 current Working Groups on LTS, NPS, WGW, DEF/DEL, TRE, IMC. Serves as substantive Secretariat to the GA Fourth Committee on outer space agenda item
• Discharges the responsibilities of the Secretary-General under the five UN treaties and five sets of principles on outer space. Maintains, on behalf of the Secretary- General the Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space
• Leads the Inter-Agency mechanisms for coordination of space-related activities within the UN system (UN-Space)
• Implements the United Nations Programme on Space Applications, including BSSI, BSTI, HSTI, GNSS and serves as Executive Secretariat to the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG), Secretariat of SMPAG
• Is responsible for the implementation of the United Nations Platform for Space- based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN- SPIDER) programme
• Operates a dedicated capacity-building programme on space law (space law curriculum, series of workshops, databases, education opportunities list) UN Programme on Space Applications
• 1959: UN General Assembly created the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS). To review the scope of international cooperation in peaceful uses of outer space. To devise the programmes in this field to be undertaken under the UN auspices. To encourage continued research & dissemination of information on outer space matters. To study legal problems arising from the exploration of outer space. • 1968: “UN Programme on Space Applications (PSA)” was established in response to recommendations of the first UNISPACE (UN Conference on Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space). • 1971: The Programme became operational. UNOOSA, as the Secretariat of COPUOS , was also given the responsibility for implementing the Programme. International Committee on GNSS (ICG)
• Promote voluntary cooperation on matters of mutual interest related to civil satellite-based positioning, navigation, timing, and value added services
• Encourage coordination among GNSS Providers to ensure greater compatibility, interoperability, and transparency • Promote the introduction and utilization of GNSS services in developing countries, by assisting with the integration into their infrastructure • Assist GNSS users with their development plans and applications, by encouraging coordination and serving as a focal point for international information exchange • Contribute to the sustainable development of the world UN-SPIDER
Images from earth observing satellites help assess the damage caused by disasters and assess vulnerability to hazards.
Satellite communications help warn people who are at risk, especially in remote areas. They help connect a disaster zone to the outside world.
Global navigation satellite systems enable us to obtain positional information on events that have to be mapped. 15 Activities
•Knowledge Management
•Technical Advisory Support
•Capacity Building
•Fostering Cooperation
United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER)16 Inter-Agency Coordination on Outer Space Activities (UN-Space) Actions within the UN-Space framework: • UN-Space Special report on Space for Global Health (issued 2015 as A/AC.105/1091) and on space weather (issued in 2017 as A/AC.105/1146) • Secretary-General report 2016-2017 – meeting the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (issued 2016 as A/AC.105/1115) • UNOOSA/ITU Guidance on small satellite registration and frequency management, published in 2015 • Joint ICAO/UNOOSA Aerospace Symposium: 1 st held in Montreal, March 2015; 2 nd in Abu Dhabi, March 2016; and 3 rd in Vienna, August 2017 • UN-Space 2016 session held in cooperation with UNODA/UN-Space special report on TCBMs (A/AC.105/1116) UN Register on Objects Launched into Outer Space
To make provision for the national registration by launching States of objects launched into outer space; To serve as a central register of objects launched into outer space; To provide for State parties additional means and procedures to assist in the identification of space objects; To provide data needed for the implementation and application of other treaties Online Index of Objects Launched into Outer Space
• Web-based treaty monitoring/verification tool developed by UNOOSA in 2001 allowing States to identify whether a space objects has been registered and who is the State of registry • Fusion of official and unofficial data. Includes all registered and unregistered satellites/probes/spacecraft/space station flight elements from 1957 to present • Functional space objects only. Space debris and non-functional objects are not included. • Each space object record contains (when available) information from the State of registry: • Initial registration document (Article IV, para. 1) • Documents containing additional information (Article IV, para.2) • Document containing date of decay/re-entry/deorbit (Article IV, para.3) • Links to documents by other States containing information related to the space object are also provided (i.e. mentioned in a State providing launch services) • Links to documents provided by States under other treaties and principles (Outer Space Treaty, Rescue Agreement, NPS Principles) • Search could be performed using different parameters (name, international designator, launching State, date of launch, orbital status, etc.) http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/osoindex/index.jspx UNOOSA & TCBMS: Discharging the Secretary-General’s Treaty Obligations
• Maintaining the Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space (Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space art. III). • Disseminating information relating to outer space activities (including discovery of harmful phenomena) provided by States (Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies art. V and art. XI). • Disseminating information relating to the recovery of “foreign” astronauts in distress and/or space objects by States within their territory and their return (Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space art. II b). • Disseminating information relating to lunar exploration and habitation (Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies art. IX).
Image credit: ESA Transforming our world: 2030 Agenda For Sustainable Development SDGs: the relevance of space technology
Direct
Indirect Space for SDGs - Example
“Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women.”
UNOOSA is working on a dedicated Space for Women Project. Its objectives are to strengthen and deliver targeted capacity-building and technical advisory activities, and promote efforts to encourage women and girls' involvement in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education.
United Nations Expert Meeting on Space for Women Organized jointly by UNOOSA and UN Women, 4 – 6 October 2017, New York, USA Space for Women Core Goals
Let’s make space work for the development of women
Let’s make space in the aerospace industry and STEM fields for women
Let’s make the Space for Women project together Space for SDGs - Example
“By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship”
UNOOSA’s programmes and initiatives are designed to provide capacity-building, education, research and development support and technical advisory services to countries. These have all helped to reduce the gap between the industrialized and developing nations. UNISPACE+50 Thematic Priorities
7 thematic priorities with mechanisms agreed by COPUOS in 2016:
1. Global partnership in space exploration and innovation - Action Team with MS
2. Legal regime of outer space and global space governance: current and future perspectives - LSC WG on Treaties
3. Enhanced information exchange on space objects and events – Mechanism TBD
4. International framework for space weather services - STSC EG on Space Weather
5. Strengthened space cooperation for global health - STSC EG on Space and Global Health
6. International cooperation towards low-emission and resilient societies - UNOOSA
7. Capacity-building for the 21 st Century - UNOOSA UNISPACE+50 Process
Governance U Space N Economy I Capacity-building S P Space Resiliency A Society C E Interoperability + Space 50 Accessibility Space for sustainable development Thematic Space Priorities Diplomacy
Partnership THANK YOU
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs United Nations Office at Vienna www.unoosa.org