4Th Rag Meeting Reaffirmed Turkey's Commitment to Eu Reforms
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Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations
Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations Updated November 9, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41368 SUMMARY R41368 Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations November 9, 2020 U.S.-Turkey tensions have raised questions about the future of bilateral relations and have led to congressional action against Turkey, including informal holds on major new Jim Zanotti arms sales (such as upgrades to F-16 aircraft) and efforts to impose sanctions. Specialist in Middle Nevertheless, both countries’ officials emphasize the importance of continued U.S.- Eastern Affairs Turkey cooperation and Turkey’s membership in NATO. Observers voice concerns about the largely authoritarian rule of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Clayton Thomas Turkey’s polarized electorate could affect Erdogan’s future leadership. His biggest Analyst in Middle Eastern challenge may be structural weaknesses in Turkey’s economy—including a sharp Affairs decline in Turkey’s currency—that have worsened since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic began. The following are key factors in the U.S.-Turkey relationship. Turkey’s strategic orientation and U.S./NATO basing. Traditionally, Turkey has relied closely on the United States and NATO for defense cooperation, European countries for trade and investment, and Russia and Iran for energy imports. A number of complicated situations in Turkey’s surrounding region—including those involving Syria, Libya, Nagorno-Karabakh (a region disputed by Armenia and Azerbaijan), and Eastern Mediterranean energy exploration—affect its relationships with the United States and other key actors, as Turkey seeks a more independent role. President Erdogan’s concerns about maintaining his parliamentary coalition with Turkish nationalists may partly explain his actions in some of the situations mentioned above. -
Who's Who in Politics in Turkey
WHO’S WHO IN POLITICS IN TURKEY Sarıdemir Mah. Ragıp Gümüşpala Cad. No: 10 34134 Eminönü/İstanbul Tel: (0212) 522 02 02 - Faks: (0212) 513 54 00 www.tarihvakfi.org.tr - [email protected] © Tarih Vakfı Yayınları, 2019 WHO’S WHO IN POLITICS IN TURKEY PROJECT Project Coordinators İsmet Akça, Barış Alp Özden Editors İsmet Akça, Barış Alp Özden Authors Süreyya Algül, Aslı Aydemir, Gökhan Demir, Ali Yalçın Göymen, Erhan Keleşoğlu, Canan Özbey, Baran Alp Uncu Translation Bilge Güler Proofreading in English Mark David Wyers Book Design Aşkın Yücel Seçkin Cover Design Aşkın Yücel Seçkin Printing Yıkılmazlar Basın Yayın Prom. ve Kağıt San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Evren Mahallesi, Gülbahar Cd. 62/C, 34212 Bağcılar/İstanbull Tel: (0212) 630 64 73 Registered Publisher: 12102 Registered Printer: 11965 First Edition: İstanbul, 2019 ISBN Who’s Who in Politics in Turkey Project has been carried out with the coordination by the History Foundation and the contribution of Heinrich Böll Foundation Turkey Representation. WHO’S WHO IN POLITICS IN TURKEY —EDITORS İSMET AKÇA - BARIŞ ALP ÖZDEN AUTHORS SÜREYYA ALGÜL - ASLI AYDEMİR - GÖKHAN DEMİR ALİ YALÇIN GÖYMEN - ERHAN KELEŞOĞLU CANAN ÖZBEY - BARAN ALP UNCU TARİH VAKFI YAYINLARI Table of Contents i Foreword 1 Abdi İpekçi 3 Abdülkadir Aksu 6 Abdullah Çatlı 8 Abdullah Gül 11 Abdullah Öcalan 14 Abdüllatif Şener 16 Adnan Menderes 19 Ahmet Altan 21 Ahmet Davutoğlu 24 Ahmet Necdet Sezer 26 Ahmet Şık 28 Ahmet Taner Kışlalı 30 Ahmet Türk 32 Akın Birdal 34 Alaattin Çakıcı 36 Ali Babacan 38 Alparslan Türkeş 41 Arzu Çerkezoğlu -
Informational Materials
Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 9/24/2020 4:43:51 PM View this email in your browser CMP WRKlYE'NlN BiRLESTiRKi Gi3C(i OO The story, part of a broader look at the role of banks in money laundering known as the FinCEN Files, focused on Reza Zarrab. a Turkish-lranian money launderer who worked with Turkey’s state-owned Halkbank to move billions of dollars through an underground network of shell companies and gold smugglers to help Iran evade international sanctions. Zarrab was arrested in Miami in 2016 as he arrived for a Florida vacation with his Turkish pop-star wife Ebru Gunde§, and their young daughter. He pleaded guilty to fraud and money laundering, and became a government witness in return for leniency. He is expected to testify next year in a separate trial of Halkbank. A former insider in the Zarrab organization, who smuggled suitcases of gold and cash across international borders, told OCCRP and Courthouse News that the Turkish government approved Zarrab’s operations. He also implicated Berat Albayrak, Turkey’s Minister of Treasury and Finance and son-in-law of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, in Zarrab’s conspiracy. The Istanbul Anatolian Courthouse on Wednesday placed a gag order, preventing some Turkish media from reporting on the Zarrab stories published by OCCRP and Courthouse News. However, people in Turkey are still able to safely read Internet Archive copies of OCCRP’s FinCEN Files’ investigations about the government’s n /er ent and how Zarrab smuggled Russia’s money. Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 9/24/2020 4:43:51 PM Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 9/24/2020 4:43:51 PM Turkey’s main opposition party, The Republican People’s Party (CHP), submitted a parliamentary inquiry to Vice President Fuat Oktay consisting of six main questions from the investigation. -
Democracy in Crisis: Corruption, Media, and Power in Turkey
A Freedom House Special Report Democracy in Crisis: Corruption, Media, and Power in Turkey Susan Corke Andrew Finkel David J. Kramer Carla Anne Robbins Nate Schenkkan Executive Summary 1 Cover: Mustafa Ozer AFP / GettyImages Introduction 3 The Media Sector in Turkey 5 Historical Development 5 The Media in Crisis 8 How a History Magazine Fell Victim 10 to Self-Censorship Media Ownership and Dependency 12 Imprisonment and Detention 14 Prognosis 15 Recommendations 16 Turkey 16 European Union 17 United States 17 About the Authors Susan Corke is Andrew Finkel David J. Kramer Carla Anne Robbins Nate Schenkkan director for Eurasia is a journalist based is president of Freedom is clinical professor is a program officer programs at Freedom in Turkey since 1989, House. Prior to joining of national security at Freedom House, House. Ms. Corke contributing regularly Freedom House in studies at Baruch covering Central spent seven years at to The Daily Telegraph, 2010, he was a Senior College/CUNY’s School Asia and Turkey. the State Department, The Times, The Transatlantic Fellow at of Public Affairs and He previously worked including as Deputy Economist, TIME, the German Marshall an adjunct senior as a journalist Director for European and CNN. He has also Fund of the United States. fellow at the Council in Kazakhstan and Affairs in the Bureau written for Sabah, Mr. Kramer served as on Foreign Relations. Kyrgyzstan and of Democracy, Human Milliyet, and Taraf and Assistant Secretary of She was deputy editorial studied at Ankara Rights, and Labor. appears frequently on State for Democracy, page editor at University as a Critical Turkish television. -
Freedom House Policy Brief
Freedom House policy brief July 2019 Turkey’s Missile Diplomacy: Recommendations for US Sanctions after Delivery of the S-400 Nate Schenkkan Director for Special Research, Freedom House Russian Ilyushin Il-76, carrying the first batch of equipment of S-400 missile defense system, arrives at Murted Air Base in Ankara, Turkey on July 12, 2019 as S-400 hardware deployment started. Photo by Turkeys National Defense Ministry / Handout/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images. Introduction A year after establishing a superpresidential system that strengthened his personal control at the expense of democratic checks and balances, Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is floundering in crises of his own making. The economy is teetering on the brink of collapse. The opposition is emboldened after significant wins in local elections, including a decisive victory in a rerun of the Istanbul mayoral election in June. Relative moderates who have been driven from the president’s party by his consolidation of power are finally taking steps to form a new party on the center-right. Turkish foreign policy is also a sea of troubles. The war in Syria has been a catastrophe, and Ankara’s involvement there has become a matter of salvaging some small leverage in the final settlement. Frustrated with US policy in Syria, and blaming the United States for the July 2016 coup at- tempt, Turkey’s leadership has taken delivery of an S-400 air defense system from Russia. As relations with the European Union also reach new lows, the country is engaging in increasingly heated competition over offshore gas reserves near Cyprus, an EU member state. -
Turkey's Presidential System After Two and a Half Years. an Overview Of
SWP Research Paper Sinem Adar and Günter Seufert Turkey’s Presidential System after Two and a Half Years An Overview of Institutions and Politics Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs SWP Research Paper 2 April 2021, Berlin Abstract ∎ Turkey’s new Presidential System has failed to realise the goals that it was said to achieve with its introduction despite the disapproval of half the population. ∎ Contrary to the ruling party’s claims in favour of the new governance system, two and a half years after its introduction, parliament is weaker, separation of powers is undermined, the judiciary is politicised, institu- tions are crippled, economic woes are mounting and authoritarian prac- tices prevail. ∎ Despite the almost unlimited and unchecked power that the new system grants to the President over institutions, his space for political manoeuvre is, surprisingly, narrower than it was in the parliamentary system. ∎ Providing the otherwise divided opposition a joint anchor of resistance, the Presidential System unintentionally breathed life into the inertia of Turkey’s political party setting. ∎ The formation of splinter parties from the ruling party, primarily address- ing the same conservative electorate, alongside the changing electoral logic with the need to form alliances to win an election, poses a serious challenge to the ruling party and its leader – the President. ∎ Despite the oppositional alliance’s electoral victory in 2019 local elec- tions, it is at the moment unclear whether the forming parties share a common vision for steps towards democratic repair. ∎ Together with the institutional havoc caused by the Presidential System, the blurry outlook of the opposition requires caution about an easy and rapid positive transformation. -
Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Plan Ve Bütçe Komisyonu Tutanak Dergisi
DÖNEM:TBMM 27 CİLT:B: 32 YASAMA26 YILI: . 1 . 2016 3 Sayfa TÜRKİYE BÜYÜK MİLLET MECLİSİ PLAN VE BÜTÇE KOMİSYONU TUTANAK DERGİSİ 23’üncü Toplantı 27 Kasım 2019 Çarşamba (TBMM Tutanak Hizmetleri Başkanlığı tarafından hazırlanan bu Tutanak Dergisi’nde okunmuş bulunan her tür belge ile konuşmacılar tarafından ifade edilmiş ve tırnak içinde belirtilmiş alıntı sözler aslına uygun olarak yazılmıştır.) İ Ç İ N D E K İ L E R Sayfa I.- GÖRÜŞÜLEN KONULAR II.- KANUN TEKLİFLERİ VE DİĞER İŞLER A)KANUN TEKLİFLERİ 1.- 2020 Yılı Merkezi Yönetim Bütçe Kanunu Teklifi (1/278 ) ile 2018 Yılı Merkezi Yönetim Kesin Hesap Kanunu Teklifi (1/277) ve Sayıştay tezkereleri a)Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı b)Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı c)Kamu İhale Kurumu ç)Özelleştirme İdaresi Başkanlığı d)Kamu Gözetimi, Muhasebe ve Denetim Standartları Kurumu e)Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu f)Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu g)Hazine Müsteşarlığı ğ)Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu h)Yatırımcı Tazmin Merkezi ı)Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası 1 TBMM B: 32 26 . 1 . 2016 Sayfa III.- SUNUMLAR 1.-Hazine ve Maliye Bakanı Berat Albayrak’ın, 2020 Yılı Merkezi Yönetim Bütçe Kanun Teklifi (1/278 ) ile 2018 Yılı Merkezi Yönetim Kesin Hesap Kanunu Teklifi (1/277) hakkında sunumu 2.-BDDK Başkanı Mehmet Ali Akben’in, 2020 Yılı Merkezi Yönetim Bütçe Kanun Teklifi (1/278 ) ile 2018 Yılı Merkezi Yönetim Kesin Hesap Kanunu Teklifi (1/277) hakkında sunumu 3.-SPK Başkanı Ali Fuat Taşkesenlioğlu’nun, 2020 Yılı Merkezi Yönetim Bütçe Kanun Teklifi (1/278 ) ile 2018 Yılı Merkezi Yönetim Kesin Hesap Kanunu Teklifi -
President Erdoğan Addresses at 9Th Turkey Investment Conference in New York
ISSUE 57 NOVEMBER '18 NEWSLETTER PRESIDENT ERDOĞAN ADDRESSES AT 9TH TURKEY INVESTMENT CONFERENCE IN NEW YORK President Erdoğan was the guest of of Turkey's stability, played a key role honor at the 9th Turkey Investment in Turkey’s growth with investments Conference organized by the Turkey- of nearly USD 200 billion during US Business Council (TAIK) in that time. “The new presidential cooperation with Invest in Turkey. system has strengthened our ability Bringing together 400 top-tier to introduce reforms. From now on, corporate executives from the US and Turkey will take decisions swiftly and Turkey with ministerial delegations without any bureaucratic obstacles,” and senior government officials from he added. Invest in Turkey’s recent agenda both parties, the conference convened The attendees also had the chance has been full of inaugurations and the launching of new factory in New York on the sidelines of the to listen to the Turkish Minister of investments. We co-organized an United Nations General Assembly Treasury and Finance Berat Albayrak’s investment conference in New at the end of September. A primary interview with Erin McPike, Former York honored by President Recep goal of the conference was to provide Correspondent for CNN and NBC Tayyip Erdoğan. We attended a better understanding of the News and White House Correspondent the inauguration ceremonies of investment landscapes in the two for Independent Journal Review. Azerbaijan's state oil company countries. Albayrak shared information about SOCAR’s Star Oil Refinery in Izmir, During his address at the economic developments and Turkey’s Turkish-French joint-venture conference, President Erdoğan said newly-unveiled medium-term Oyak Renault’s new aluminum that Turkey will continue to improve economic program. -
Turkey's Internet Policy After the Coup Attempt
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Center for Global Communication Studies Internet Policy Observatory (CGCS) 2-28-2017 Turkey’s Internet Policy After the Coup Attempt: The Emergence of a Distributed Network of Online Suppression and Surveillance Bilge Yesil Efe Kerem Sözeri Emad Khazraee Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/internetpolicyobservatory Part of the Communication Technology and New Media Commons, International and Intercultural Communication Commons, Social Influence and oliticalP Communication Commons, and the Social Media Commons Recommended Citation Yesil, Bilge; Kerem Sözeri, Efe; and Khazraee, Emad. (2017). Turkey’s Internet Policy After the Coup Attempt: The Emergence of a Distributed Network of Online Suppression and Surveillance. Internet Policy Observatory. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/internetpolicyobservatory/22 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/internetpolicyobservatory/22 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Turkey’s Internet Policy After the Coup Attempt: The Emergence of a Distributed Network of Online Suppression and Surveillance Abstract In July 2016, Turkey was shaken by a bloody coup attempt. Although the would-be putschists failed, their insurgency led to an unprecedented reshuffling ofurk T ey’s political economic and socio-cultural landscapes. Notwithstanding the critical reverberations on the army, judiciary, law enforcement and civil society, the abortive coup set in motion a massive -
Turkey's Nationalist Course: Implications for the U.S.-Turkish Strategic Partnership and the U.S. Army
TURKEY’S NATIONALIST COURSE Implications for the U.S.-Turkish Strategic Partnership and the U.S. Army Stephen J. Flanagan, F. Stephen Larrabee, Anika Binnendijk, Katherine Costello, Shira Efron, James Hoobler, Magdalena Kirchner, Jeffrey Martini, Alireza Nader, Peter A. Wilson C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2589 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0141-0 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Rouhani, Putin, and Erdogan: Tolga Bozoglu/AP. Erdogan Stoltenberg: AP. Istanbul: Kivanc Turkalp/Getty Images/iStockphoto. Cover design by Rick Penn-Kraus Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. -
Precious No More? a U.S
Precious No More? A U.S. Strategy for a Lonely Turkey JINSA Gemunder Center’s Eastern Mediterranean Policy Project - March 2021 Co-Chairs: Ambassador Eric Edelman and General Charles Wald, USAF (ret.) ACKNOWLEDGMENT This report is made possible by the generous support of the Gettler Family Foundation. A portion of the research for this report was conducted on JINSA’s 2019 Benjamin Gettler International Policy Trip to Greece. DISCLAIMER The findings and recommendations contained in this publication are solely those of the authors. Cover photo credit: The White House, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Policy Project Members and Staff Co-Chairs Amb. Eric Edelman Gen Charles “Chuck” Wald, USAF (ret.) Former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Former Deputy Commander of U.S. European Command Members Gen Philip M. Breedlove, USAF (ret.) John Hannah Former NATO Supreme Allied Commander Former Assistant for National Security Affairs and former Commander of U.S. European to the Vice President; JINSA Gemunder Command Center Senior Advisor Gen Kevin P. Chilton, USAF (ret.) Reuben Jeffery Former Commander, U.S. Strategic Command Former Under Secretary of State for Economic, Business and Agricultural Affairs Svante E. Cornell Policy Advisor, JINSA Gemunder Center for Alan Makovsky Defense & Strategy Former Senior Professional Staff Member at U.S. House Foreign Relations Committee ADM Kirkland H. Donald, USN (ret.) Former Director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion GEN David Rodriguez, USA (ret.) Program Former Commander, U.S. Africa Command VADM Mark Fox, USN (ret.) Lt Gen Thomas "Tom" Trask, USAF (ret.) Former Deputy Commander, U.S. Central Former Vice Commander, U.S. Special Command Operations Command ADM Bill Gortney, USN (ret.) Former Commander, North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) Gemunder Center Staff Michael Makovsky, PhD Jonathan Ruhe Shiri Moshe President & CEO Director of Foreign Policy Senior Policy Analyst Blaise Misztal Ari Cicurel Vice President for Policy Senior Policy Analyst Charles B. -
The United States and Turkey Friends, Enemies, Or Only Interests
The United States and Turkey Friends, Enemies, or Only Interests Asli Aydintaşbaş Kemal Kirişci turkey project policy paper Number 12 • April 2017 policy paper Number 12, April 2017 About CUSE The Center on the United States and Europe (CUSE) at Brookings fosters high-level U.S.-European dia- logue on the changes in Europe and the global challenges that affect transatlantic relations. As an integral part of the Foreign Policy Studies Program, the Center offers independent research and recommendations for U.S. and European officials and policymakers, and it convenes seminars and public forums on poli- cy-relevant issues. CUSE’s research program focuses on the transformation of the European Union (EU); strategies for engaging the countries and regions beyond the frontiers of the EU including the Balkans, Caucasus, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine; and broader European security issues such as the future of NATO and forging common strategies on energy security. The Center also houses specific programs on France, Germany, Italy, and Turkey. About the Turkey Project Given Turkey’s geopolitical, historical and cultural significance, and the high stakes posed by the foreign policy and domestic issues it faces, Brookings launched the Turkey Project in 2004 to foster informed public consideration, high‐level private debate, and policy recommendations focusing on developments in Turkey. In this context, Brookings has collaborated with the Turkish Industry and Business Association (TUSIAD) to institute a U.S.-Turkey Forum at Brookings. The Forum organizes events in the form of conferences, sem- inars and workshops to discuss topics of relevance to U.S.-Turkish and transatlantic relations.