Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry

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Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Core Disciplines General Facts on Fields Related to Chemistry: Employability Aerospace Food Analytical: emphasis is on determining Pharmaceuticals Textile and Fashion chemical composition of samples. Chemistry is a practical field with a broad Agricultural Forensics Cosmetic Environmental Concerns range of career possibilities. Salaries depend Energy Alternative Fuels Biochemistry: emphasis is on charac- Biotechnology Advertising terizing biomolecules (e.g. proteins, on degree earned and level and type of experi- Public Health Information Technology nucleic acids, carbohydrates) and ence. Within 2-4 years of graduating with a BS determining their biological func- Careers Related to Chemistry: tion. or BA degree, the median salary for chemists Pharmacist Pharmacologist is $42,000, with the lowest and highest 10% Physician Dentist Inorganic: emphasis is on synthesis, earning $31,000 and $53,000 respectively. At Veterinarian Researcher reactivity and analysis of materials Educator Criminologist in which elements other than car- the other extreme, within 25-30 years of ob- Dietician Geneticist bon play the key roles. Chemical Engineer Industrial Hygienist taining a PhD, the median chemist's salary is Journal Editor Book Publisher Scientific Consultant Film Consultant Organic: emphasis is on structure, $104,000, with the lowest and highest 10% Neuroscientist Aesthetician Visual properties, and reactivity of carbon- earning $67,000 and $170,000 respectively. Communications Ophthalmologist based molecules. Pathologist Inventor While chemists with different degrees may Investment Banker Nutritionist Food and Drug Inspector Food and Drug Analyst Physical: emphasis is on the mathe- work on the same projects together, a higher Toxicologist Patent Examiner Ceramic Engineer Lawyer matical basis for chemical phenom- degree (PhD vs. MS vs. BA) allows greater Museum Curator Art Conservationist ena. Government Advisor Pyrotechnician autonomy & responsibility. Unemployment Librarian Federal Agent rates in chemistry are typically below 2%. 350 Spelman LN, SW, Box 1134, Atlanta, GA 30314 Voice: (404) 270-5744 Fax : (404) 270-5752 HTTP://WWW.SPELMAN.EDU/ACADEMICS The Albro-Falconer-Manley Science Center, Rooms 343-347 @SPELMANELEMENTS [email protected] .

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What Use Is Chemistry?
2 Inspirational chemistry What use is chemistry? Index 1.1 1 sheet This activity is based on a Sunday Times article by Sir Harry Kroto, a Nobel prize winning chemist who discovered a new allotrope of carbon – buckminsterfullerene or ‘bucky balls’. The article appeared on November 28, 2004 and is reproduced overleaf as a background for teachers. The aim is to introduce students to the scope of modern chemistry and the impact that it has on their lives, even in areas that they may not think of as related to chemistry. An alternative exercise for more able students would be to research what was used before chemical scientists had produced a particular new product or material (eg silk or wool stockings before nylon, leather footballs before synthetics, grated carbolic soap before shampoo) and then to write about the difference it would make to their lives if they did not have the modern product. Students will need: ■ Plenty of old magazines and catalogues (Argos catalogues are good as virtually everything in them would not exist without modern chemistry) ■ Large sheets of sugar paper ■ Glue and scissors. It works well if students produce the poster in groups, but then do the written work by themselves. The activity could be set for homework. Inspirational chemistry 3 What use is chemistry? Some years ago I was delighted chemistry-related industries make a to receive an honorary degree £5 billion profit on a £50 billion from Exeter University turnover, the apparent government recognising my contributions to inaction over the looming disaster chemistry – especially the is scarcely credible.
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Chartered Status Charteredeverything You Need Tostatus Know Everything You Need to Know
Chartered Status CharteredEverything you need toStatus know Everything you need to know www.rsc.org/cchem www.rsc.org/cchem ‘The best of any profession is always chartered’ The RSC would like to thank its members (pictured top to bottom) Ben Greener, Pfizer, Elaine Baxter, Procter & Gamble, and Richard Sleeman, Mass Spec Analytical Ltd, for their participation and support . Chartered Status | 1 Contents About chartered status 3 Why become chartered? 3 What skills and experience do I need? 3 The professional attributes for a Chartered Chemist 5 Supporting you throughout the programme yThe Professional Development Programme 5 yThe Direct Programme 7 How to apply 7 Achieving Chartered Scientist status 8 Revalidation 8 The next step 8 Application form 9 2 | Chartered Status ‘Having a professionally recognised qualification will build my external credibility’ Elaine Baxter BSc PhD MRSC Procter & Gamble Elaine Baxter is a Senior Scientist at Procter & Gamble (P&G). Since joining the company, she has had roles in formulation, process and technology development in skin and shaving science. She graduated in 2001, before completing a PhD on synthetic inorganic chemistry of platinum dyes with applications in solar cells. Elaine is currently working towards Chartered Chemist status through the Professional Development Programme. Why do you want to achieve Chartered Chemist status? My role involves science communication with people such as dermatologists, academics and the media; having a professionally recognised qualiﬁcation will build my external credibility with these professionals. How do you feel the programme has worked for you? Working towards achieving the attributes required for the CChem award has presented me with opportunities to share my industry knowledge and help others.
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Pauling-Linus.Pdf
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES L I N U S C A R L P A U L I N G 1901—1994 A Biographical Memoir by J A C K D. D UNITZ Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1997 NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS WASHINGTON D.C. LINUS CARL PAULING February 28, 1901–August 19, 1994 BY JACK D. DUNITZ INUS CARL PAULING was born in Portland, Oregon, on LFebruary 28, 1901, and died at his ranch at Big Sur, California, on August 19, 1994. In 1922 he married Ava Helen Miller (died 1981), who bore him four children: Linus Carl, Peter Jeffress, Linda Helen (Kamb), and Edward Crellin. Pauling is widely considered the greatest chemist of this century. Most scientists create a niche for themselves, an area where they feel secure, but Pauling had an enormously wide range of scientific interests: quantum mechanics, crys- tallography, mineralogy, structural chemistry, anesthesia, immunology, medicine, evolution. In all these fields and especially in the border regions between them, he saw where the problems lay, and, backed by his speedy assimilation of the essential facts and by his prodigious memory, he made distinctive and decisive contributions. He is best known, perhaps, for his insights into chemical bonding, for the discovery of the principal elements of protein secondary structure, the alpha-helix and the beta-sheet, and for the first identification of a molecular disease (sickle-cell ane- mia), but there are a multitude of other important contri- This biographical memoir was prepared for publication by both The Royal Society of London and the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
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Robert Burns Woodward
The Life and Achievements of Robert Burns Woodward Long Literature Seminar July 13, 2009 Erika A. Crane “The structure known, but not yet accessible by synthesis, is to the chemist what the unclimbed mountain, the uncharted sea, the untilled ﬁeld, the unreached planet, are to other men. The achievement of the objective in itself cannot but thrill all chemists, who even before they know the details of the journey can apprehend from their own experience the joys and elations, the disappointments and false hopes, the obstacles overcome, the frustrations subdued, which they experienced who traversed a road to the goal. The unique challenge which chemical synthesis provides for the creative imagination and the skilled hand ensures that it will endure as long as men write books, paint pictures, and fashion things which are beautiful, or practical, or both.” “Art and Science in the Synthesis of Organic Compounds: Retrospect and Prospect,” in Pointers and Pathways in Research (Bombay:CIBA of India, 1963). Robert Burns Woodward • Graduated from MIT with his Ph.D. in chemistry at the age of 20 Woodward taught by example and captivated • A tenured professor at Harvard by the age of 29 the young... “Woodward largely taught principles and values. He showed us by • Published 196 papers before his death at age example and precept that if anything is worth 62 doing, it should be done intelligently, intensely • Received 24 honorary degrees and passionately.” • Received 26 medals & awards including the -Daniel Kemp National Medal of Science in 1964, the Nobel Prize in 1965, and he was one of the ﬁrst recipients of the Arthur C.
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Multistep Synthesis of Complex Carbogenic Molecules
THE LOGIC OF CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS: MULTISTEP SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX CARBOGENIC MOLECULES Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1990 by E LIAS J AMES C OREY Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Carbogens, members of the family of carbon-containing compounds, can exist in an infinite variety of compositions, forms and sizes. The naturally occurring carbogens, or organic substances as they are known more tradi- tionally, constitute the matter of all life on earth, and their science at the molecular level defines a fundamental language of that life. The chemical synthesis of these naturally occurring carbogens and many millions of unnatural carbogenic substances has been one of the major enterprises of science in this century. That fact is affirmed by the award of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1990 for the “development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis”. Chemical synthesis is uniquely positioned at the heart of chemistry, the central science, and its impact on our lives and society is all pervasive. For instance, many of today’s medicines are synthetic and many of tomorrow’s will be conceived and produced by synthetic chemists. To the field of synthetic chemistry belongs an array of responsibilities which are crucial for the future of mankind, not only with regard to the health, material and economic needs of our society, but also for the attainment of an understanding of matter, chemical change and life at the highest level of which the human mind is capable. The post World War II period encompassed remarkable achievement in chemical synthesis. In the first two decades of this period chemical syntheses were developed which could not have been anticipated in the earlier part of this century.
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Robert Burns Woodward 1917–1979
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ROBERT BURNS WOODWARD 1917–1979 A Biographical Memoir by ELKAN BLOUT Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoirs, VOLUME 80 PUBLISHED 2001 BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. ROBERT BURNS WOODWARD April 10, 1917–July 8, 1979 BY ELKAN BLOUT OBERT BURNS WOODWARD was the preeminent organic chemist Rof the twentieth century. This opinion is shared by his colleagues, students, and by other distinguished chemists. Bob Woodward was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and was an only child. His father died when Bob was less than two years old, and his mother had to work hard to support her son. His early education was in the Quincy, Massachusetts, public schools. During this period he was allowed to skip three years, thus enabling him to finish grammar and high schools in nine years. In 1933 at the age of 16, Bob Woodward enrolled in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to study chemistry, although he also had interests at that time in mathematics, literature, and architecture. His unusual talents were soon apparent to the MIT faculty, and his needs for individual study and intensive effort were met and encouraged. Bob did not disappoint his MIT teachers. He received his B.S. degree in 1936 and completed his doctorate in the spring of 1937, at which time he was only 20 years of age. Immediately following his graduation Bob taught summer school at the University of Illinois, but then returned to Harvard’s Department of Chemistry to start a productive period with an assistantship under Professor E.
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“For the Discovery and Development of the Green Fluorescent Protein, GFP” P I X J
2008 NOBEL LAUREATES The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 “for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP” X O I P G SCAN ICAL LABORATORY ICAL ORNIA, SAN DIE ORNIA, SAN G F J. HENRIKSSON/ CALI F UNIVERSITY O TOM KLEINDINST/MARINE BIOLO TOM Osamu Shimomura Martin Chalfie Roger Y. Tsien 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize Born: 1928 Born: 1947 Born: 1952 Birthplace: Japan Birthplace: United States Birthplace: United States Nationality: Nationality: Nationality: Japanese citizen US citizen US citizen Current position: Current position: Current position: Professor Emeritus, Marine William R. Kenan Jr Professor, University of Biological Laboratory (MBL), Professor of Biological California, San Diego, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Sciences, Columbia La Jolla, California, USA USA, and Boston University, New York, University Medical School, New York, USA Massachusetts, USA CHEMISTRY 7 Copyright Nobel Web AB 2008. Nobelprize.org, Nobel Prize and the Nobel Prize medal design mark are registered trademarks of the Nobel Foundation. 2008 NOBEL LAUREATES Speed read: Illuminating biology IBRARY L The story begins with Osamu Shimomura’s research OTO OTO H into the phenomenon of bioluminescence, in which chemical reactions within living organisms give off CIENCE P CIENCE light. While studying a glowing jellyfish in the early S / X 1960s he isolated a bioluminescent protein that gave off blue light. But the jellyfish glowed green. Further studies revealed that the protein’s blue light ANTATOMI H was absorbed by a second jellyfish protein, later P called green fluorescent protein (GFP), which in turn re-emitted green light.
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How Molecules Became Machines
THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 2016 POPULAR SCIENCE BACKGROUND How molecules became machines The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 is awarded to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa for their development of molecular machines that are a thousand times thinner than a hair strand. This is the story of how they succeeded in linking molecules together to design everything from a tiny lift to motors and miniscule muscles. How small can you make machinery? This is the question that Nobel Laureate Richard Feynman, famed for his 1950s’ predictions of developments in nanotechnology, posed at the start of a visionary lecture in 1984. Barefoot, and wearing a pink polo top and beige shorts, he turned to the audience and said: “Now let us talk about the possibility of making machines with movable parts, which are very tiny.” He was convinced it was possible to build machines with dimensions on the nanometre scale. These already existed in nature. He gave bacterial flagella as an example, corkscrew-shaped macromole- cules which, when they spin, make bacteria move forward. But could humans – with their gigantic hands – build machines so small that you would need an electron microscope to see them? A vision of the future – molecular machines will exist within 25–30 years One possible way would be to build a pair of mechanical hands that are smaller than your own, which in turn build a pair of smaller hands, which build even smaller hands, and so on, until a pair of miniscule hands can build equally miniscule machinery.
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THE GEOCHEMICAL NEWS Quarterly Newsletter of the Geochemical Society
THE GEOCHEMICAL NEWS Quarterly Newsletter of The Geochemical Society NUMBER 100 ISSN 0016-7010 JULY 1999 Digging for the Roots of Geochemistry 9th V.M. Goldschmidt Conference In this issue: Harvard University Cambridge, MA, U. S. A. August 22-27, 1999 Van der Weijden Retires..................................7 Digging for the Roots of Geochemistry..........10 Contact: In Memoriam - Werner Stumm......................16 When Did The Earth’s Atmosphere Become Stein B. Jacobsen Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Oxic? A Reply.....................................20 Harvard University Meetings Calendar .........................................23 Cambridge MA 02138 U.S.A. GS Special Publications..................................26 Phone: 617-495-5233 GS Membership Application .........................27 Fax: 617-496-4387 E-mail: [email protected] (see page 5 for more information) 2 The Geochemical News #100, July 1999 THE GEOCHEMICAL SOCIETY The Geochemical Society is a nonprofit scientific society founded to encourage the application of chemistry to the solution of geologi- cal and cosmological problems. Membership is international and diverse in background, encompassing such fields as organic geochem- istry, high and low-temperature geochemistry, petrology, meteorit- ics, fluid-rock interaction, and isotope geochemistry. The Society produces a Special Publications Series, The Geochemical News OFFICERS - 1999 (this quarterly newsletter), the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochem- istry Series (jointly with the Mineralogical Association of America), PRESIDENT Michael J. Drake, University of Arizona and the journal Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (jointly with the Meteoritical Society); grants the V.M. Goldschmidt, F.W. Clarke VICE PRESIDENT and Clair C. Patterson Awards, and, jointly with the European Michael F. Hochella, Jr., Virginia Polytechnic Institute Association of Geochemistry, the Geochemistry Fellows title; spon- sors the V.M.
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Organic Electrosynthesis Amps up the Potential for Synthetic Innovation
Vol. 4 No.2 March 2020 Organic electrosynthesis amps up the potential for synthetic innovation, while technological advances decrease the resistance for entry into this electrifying field By Matthew Hartle, Ph.D. Abstract Organic electrochemistry is an area that is receiving more attention as chemists face pressures to synthesize more complex molecular targets in a more efficient fashion. The pressure comes from many corners including a desire to develop processes that are greener and more sustainable while producing significantly fewer toxic wastes and a reduction in manufacturing costs. It helps that many electrochemical processes are safer to operate and can be inherently linked to renewable energies. While innovations in beaker-scale electrolysis1 have opened the field to the typical organic bench chemist, a technology gap exists for scaling the reactions to the production level.2 Here we review several recent organic transformations that could either scale to larger flow-cell type systems or require further optimization in parallel with scale-up, as examples where the technology gap could be bridged. The Electrosynthesis Company is well-positioned to bridge the gap that exists between the bench and commercialization. A technology gap exists in scale-up of organic electrochemistry Reduction and oxidation are a short topic in the typical college organic chemistry class. Redox topics are relegated to the reduction of multiple bonds to alkenes or alkanes and the oxidation of oxygen groups to form carboxylic acids. Graduate-level organic chemistry classes also tend to follow the typical idea of organic chemical transformations being substitutions, eliminations, and concerted mechanisms without a deep description of reductions and oxidations of each process beyond hydrogenations or heterogeneous oxidations.
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Robert Burns Woodward (1917–1979) a Personal Profile
ARTICLE-IN-A-BOX Robert Burns Woodward (1917–1979) A Personal Profile Gie me ae spark o’Natures fire, That’s a’ the learning I desire. – Robert Burns (1759–1796) Robert Burns Woodward was born in Boston on April 10, 1917, Massachusetts, to Margaret (née Burns, an immigrant from Scotland) and Arthur Chester Woodward, Roxbury, Massachu- setts. When Robert was one year old, his father died in the flu pandemic of 1918. Although his mother remarried, she was soon abandoned by her second husband and left to bring up her son in straitened circumstances. Woodward received his primary and secondary education in the public schools of Quincy, Massachusetts, where he was allowed a triple promotion, enabling him to enrol in MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) at age of 16! In the remarkably short span of four years Woodward completed both his BS (1936) and PhD (1937) in chemistry with thesympathetic support of Professor James Flack Norris, who remarked in June 1937 that “we saw we had a person who possessed a very unusual mind and we wanted it to function at its best. If thered tape necessary for less brilliant minds had to be cut, welet it go. Wedid for Woodward what we have done for no other person like him in our department. We think he will make a name for himself in the scientic world” (Boston Globe, 8 June 1937). From a very early age, Woodward was attracted to and engaged in private study of chemistry while he attended the public primary and secondary schools of Quincy, Massachusetts.
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Senior Chemist 7830
4-8-88 SENIOR CHEMIST, 7830 Summary of Duties : Supervises the work of a group of Chemists and Laboratory Technicians and participates in performing difficult organic, inorganic, and physical chemical analysis and research studies in connection with water quality, wastewater, air emissions, solid waste, and industrial waste treatment; determines and establishes methods and procedures to be followed in conducting research programs; may assist in directing the activities of a small chemistry laboratory; and does related work. Distinguishing Features : A Senior Chemist is responsible for supervising the activities of specific function or specialty in a laboratory or a small laboratory facility. Assignments are made in general terms from a laboratory manager and are primarily concerned with planning, assigning, and reviewing the work of Chemists and Laboratory Technicians. An employee of this class is responsible for developing laboratory techniques, conducting research programs, making work assignments, and reviewing test results. A Senior Chemist frequently receives project directions but not technical supervision. A Senior Chemist frequently contacts EPA and California regulatory agency testing laboratories and other academic authorities in refining methodologies and up-to-date instrumentation requirements. A Senior Chemist may assist in managing sections of the laboratory in the absence of a Wastewater Treatment Laboratory Manager. Examples of Duties : Plans, assigns, and reviews the work of a group of professional and technical employees
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