VOL. I—NO. 6 , APRIL, 1925 PRICE 5 CENTS The Evolution of Anarchist Theories E shall attempt to review in lence: rent, interest, profit, and taxes. The further develbpmeht of Anar­ this brief sketch the theoreti­ They demand freedom of production for chist theories therefore centered around W cal developmlent of Anar­ the individual and for the voluntary the problem qf harmonizing, economic chism by describing the ideas whence groups in unrestrained competition in conditions with the basic principle of Anarchist thought originated and the the open market. The principle of the a free society. The idea of equitable manner in which the various. modern "full product of one's labor" is main­ and direct exchange repeatedly sought schools of Anarchism gradually devel­ tained by securing to each, as his in­ practical expression, as in the London oped. We shall therefore leave out of alienable private possesMon, all that he Industrial Fairs, also in America aud consideration all general historical dis­ is able to gain by competing against France. Similar ideas are still cham­ cussions, biographic and literary data, the whole field. Thel restrictions en­ pioned by the American, English, and and the external history of the move­ forced in present society by monopoly Australian Individualist Anarchists, as ment. —aided by its^ tool, the State—^being well as by somie followers of Proudhon and Stirner. Our modern attitude, how­ There never lacked men to advocate eliminated, the equal opportunity of all ever, is opposed to these ideas on the subtle projects of governmental organ­ niust result in the equitable exchange ground that the requirements of com­ ization and regulation of production of equal values. Nor, does this system petition would nullify the liberty of the and consumption—so-called Utopians, necessitate exclusive individual produc­ producers; it is inevitable that pro­ the forerunners of modem State Social­ tion, as its opponents claim; on the ducers, living under , comparatively ism, which is still retaining in all its contrary, it leaves full scope for un­ more, favorable conditions, should gain essential characteristics the stamp of limited free co-operation with its re-» an advantage over their competitors, its source. suiting advantages. The principle of free competition between the various thus laying the foundation of inequal­ But there were also' those who co-operative groups remains intact. ity; thence it is but a step to law and cherished libeii;y above governmentally authority, to maintain—forcibly if The deep significance of the ideas organized happiness. They were not necessary—advantageous inequality. terrified by the thought of a society in advocated by Godwin, Warren,. Proud­ which individual tendencies and inclina­ hon, and Stirner, consisted in their op­ The next step was the recognition of tions have full sway, relying on liberty position to the authoritarian and re­ the dollective ownership of land and to serve as a safety valve in maintain­ ligious Communism of their time. The the tools of production, as well as of ing social equilibrium and individual tendency of the latter was manifest in the "full product of one's labor"— Welfare. Sta^e Communism, regulating by law Collectivist Anarchism, as it is even It was but natural that these thinjc- and rule every detail of private life, or now predominant in Spain. Originating ers should strenuously emphasize the in monastic Communism rooted in. mere in Switzerland and Belgium, this idea standpoint of Individualism—^personal sentimentality; added to this was the reached its highest development, in the liberty and autonomy—without a't- spirit of political, centralized Jacobin­ Internationale, during the latter part tempting to formulate finally the econ­ ism; only occasionally did the spirit of of the 60's and the beginning of the omic bases of that liberty. Thus we find liberty manifest itself, as in Owen's ad­ 70's. Its chief exponents were Bakunin, William Godwin, in England (1793),; vocacy of voluntary Communistic com­ Guillaume, de Paepe, Warlin, and Josiah Warren, Stephen Pearl An­ monwealths, or in the far-reaching others. The most inspiring pei'iod of drews and others, in America, at the principles of Fourier. Under such con­ the young labor movement in the Cen­ end of the 20's; Proudhon, in Prance, ditions the severest criticism and con­ tral and Southern States of Europe in the 40's, aijid Max Stirner, in Ger­ demnation of authoritarianism and the (Germany and Austria excepted) was many (1845)—all original representa­ emphasizing of individual freedom were closely connected with the development tives of Individualist Anarchism, each in themselves a liberating act, no matter of this new tendency. In the middle of advocating—in his own manner and as to the tenability of the temporary the 60's the Internationale was com­ quite independently of the others—a economic standpoint. For it is only posed of Proudhonists (Mutualists), system of individual sovereignty, of mu­ liberty—untrammeled free development State Socialists (the then few personal tualism, of egoism. They reject all —that can serve as a safe foundation followers of Marx), Bourgeois-Social­ political systems based on majority for further progress. That is far more ists (as we may call the Geneve politi­ rule—so-called democracy—as well as important than mere economic condi­ cians who dealt in ballots and com­ Authoritarian Communism based on tions on which so much stress is usually promises), Trades Unionists (in Eng­ State, or public ownership of the land laid. Liberty is the vital principle of land) , and of a certain really promising and means of production, now gener­ every phase of our hfe, the economic element, on which the future of the ally known as State Socialism. They included; conditions founded on com­ Internationale depended. This young want production to be freed from the pulsion cannot endure—no matter what 'element, believing to have found in Col­ fetters imposed by economic monopoly the force that maintains them for the lectivism the long-looked for economic and maintained by governmental vio­ time being. foundation of Mutualism, carried the

' ' lllli 2 THE ROAD TO FREEDOM

gospel of Collectivist Anarchism and of of Anarchism is the repudiation of this food, apparel, etc., has become as much the Internationale into the Jura, South­ principle and the declaration in favor a matter of course as is to-day the use ern France, Spain, Italy, and among of collective ownership, not merely in of the streets or of the air (though even the youth of the Slavic countries. In the tools of production, but also in the these the poor cannot freely enjoy)— this they were greatly aided by Baku- products of labor: Anarchist Commun­ only then could really free beings de­ nin, whose wonderful ability as an agi­ ism. velop, emancipated' men and women, tator helped them to gain numerous The latter—^which had already previ­ able to appreciate in their proper light adherents in Southern Europe, from the teachings of a Stirner. ously found its individual representa­ Spain to Russia. tives, such as, for instance, Joseph De- A further evolution of Anarchist It is unnecessary to record here the jaque—began to be systematically thought concerns the tendencies mani­ bittei* opposition, full of lies and in­ propagated, since 1876, in the Italian fest in the development of modern in­ trigue, with which these young prop­ Internationale and in Genf, gradually dustry along these lines. Anarchism agandists met. Not 'only were they displacing the former Collectivist ten­ reaches the conclusion that production, fought by the bourgeoisie, but still more dencies in Switzerland, France^ and in the future, will become decentralized venomously by the State Socialistic, Italy. Its chief theoretic and literary and local. Naturally such a conception political, Marxian Social Democracy. exponents are Cafiero, Malatesta, Kro- excludes the possibility of State Social­ It was a struggle between the ideas of potkin, Reclus, and others. ism. The Marxians, witnessing the gi­ Federation, Collectivism (in the sense It is fruitless to seek a standard for gantic modern combinations of capital, of that epoch), and Anarchism on one the distribution of products, one to be conclude that gradual centralization of hand, negating bourgeois politics and equitable to all. A measure founded on industry will finally become concen­ prppagating revolutionary methods, as the labor performed would be as unjust trated in the hands of the State. In against Centralization, State Owner­ to the individual as impossible in its this, however, they confound the effects ship, and Authority, on the other, with social application. Unjust to the in­ of capitalism" and State-protected mon­ their political, corrupting tactics. Only dividual, because such a standard would opoly with the real development of pro­ in Germany and Austria was the latter mean inequality for everyone. Im­ duction. In reality, however, industrial­ tendency temporarily successful. In the possible of social application, because ism is in a process of constant growth other countries, especially in Southern the value of a product does not depend in the most distant lands, the tendency Europe, the Marxians soon became on labor alone, and cannot therefore of individual countries, provinces, cities thoroughly discredited owing to the in­ be thus exclusively measured. The only and towns to produce independently be­ describably perfidious means of combat­ possible standard is division according coming daily more apparent. "With the ing the Anarchism of the Interna­ to individual need; that is, free con­ abolition of financial monopolies, stif­ tionale. sumption. This alone takes into ac­ ling this development, the gradual The theories of collective ownership count the differences of individual tastes equalization of industrial effort would admit of various conceptions. Is the and needs, the consideration of which receive a tremendous impetus. Equally community of a certain trade, or the is socially imperative. Free use, as the so will the exhaustion of the recklessly directly producing group to own the basis for consumption, coupled with the exploited great industrial countries tools of production.^ The manner of freedom of joining any group, as the (America, Australia, etc.) result in the determining the "full value of one's principle of production, can alone guar­ possibility and necessity of local, in­ product" is also an uncertain problem. antee liberty in the economic sphere. tensive agriculture. The larger popu­ Is the decision to be left to the major­ Though this position does not mark the lation of the more fertile localities will ity vote of the whole community, or to finality of Anarchist evolution, it char­ tend to minimize individual advantages, that of the group, to the producer, or acterizes the modern attitude of Anar­ •which circumstance must necessarily to free competition.' According to in­ chist Communists. lead to a more general application of dividual inclination and conception, the agrarian chemistry and other scientific above possibilities can be variously com­ Let us yet note in what direction this methods in the cultivation of the less theory is being further developed. bined, and hence result different sys­ productive districts. In this manner all Foremost stands the growing assertion tems, some favoring State Socialism, essential differences will be gradually of the individual, of personality. In­ others more akin to Individualist Anar- equalized; the most necessary things phism. deed, our chief aim is to create condi­ will be produced on the spot, and the tions under which the problem of life, people will grow to realize the absurdity The possibility of competition among of the mere necessaries, should not of artificial centralization and regula­ •'the various groups, to the advantage monopolize all one's time. The purpose tion of local production. •and ultimate monopoly of the better is to afford the individual scope and situated ones, constitutes a danger opportunity for untrammeled develop­ It is not amiss to mention that mod­ which can be obviated by liberty alone; ment, to which free and rational co­ ern Anarchist views are in harmonious that is to say, by the complete freedom operation is but a means. Collective accord with science, literature, and art, of joining any group, thus reducing— production must therefore not be per­ and have found in these appropriate hy the fact of enlarged membership— mitted to become the main object, to expression. It is also interesting to the superior advantages accruing to fill man's whole life, its mechanism compare this significant fact with the the individual members of a better sit­ affecting all his activities. On the con­ entire barrenness of the Social Democ­ uated group. But the principle of the trary, it should serve but to create wor­ racy along these lines. Indeed, the So­ •"full value of one's product" necessi­ thier and more human conditions, giv­ cialist atmosphere of authority, bureau­ tates competition, either through regu­ ing the individual opportunity for fur­ cracy, and political corruption kills lations and laws, or by direct coercion. ther development. Only on such a foun­ every idealistic and spiritual aspiration Therefore the next evolutionary step dation^—when the free use of shelter. in its very inception. THE ROAD TO FREEDOM 3

The question of the methods towards come to know that: D'Alembert's which salaried professionals are, we can the realization of our aims we have not mother was a novelist, who gave him readily see that their position is far yet touched upon. They, too, have some education; that his father insured more onerous than that of the working undergone a long process of evolution. for him an income of 1,200 pounds. In class. Capitalists have enslaved the Some of its more important phases are reference to Spencer, he was the son of teacher, the engineer, the lawyer, under still a matter of lively discussion. The a professional teacher, surrounded by such oppression, .that many of them Anarchist attitude towards politics, the educational influences. As to Laplace, haven't even the right of the poorest rejection of the ballot, and its propa­ we can only say that he has kept in proletarian: the right to rebellion. Not ganda of revolutionary activity, are secret his career; however we don't ig­ having the courage of creating a union known to most people. But one most nore that his prodigious memory and of their own, being ashamed to join the first become familiar with the true very favorable circumstances were a workers, the intellectuals are an easy essence of Anarchism, in order to powerful aid to him. prey of the ruling class, who compel qualify for intelligent participation in In dealing with American geniuses, them to perform dirty woA and very such discussions. we see that all the noise is made over often they are driven against the wage- Coinpare this evolution of Anarchism a comparatively small number, consist­ earners. towards a social organization guaran­ ing in perpetual repetition about the This being the case, we workers do teeing ever greater individual liberty, same men: Rockefeller, Ford and Edi­ not want to be promoted to that humi­ with the Social Democracy and its com­ son. liating condition. We are rather glad plete demoralization into a middle-class, But what of the thousands who pass to stand in our humble position, but democratic, palliative, political State by unknown.? with the right to revolt against the Socialism. Such a comparison cannot Think of the millions endowed with serfdom of humanity. We refuse to rise fail to accentuate the beneficial influ­ prodigious gifts by nature, of whom from slaves to slave-drivers. If superi­ ence of liberty, on the one hand, and the world has n'eVer heard, simply be­ ority in society is given to us to sub­ the corrupting effect of authority on cause no one happened to give them an jugate our fellow-men; if after so great the other. The question as to which of opportunity. What opportunity has a struggle to rise upon the average men, these tendencies will triumph can safely the toiler of the soil, the worker buried are you going to lash the face of the be left to the future. in the mine, or the laborer plunged weary toiling class; if you propose to twelve hours in the workshop? For us to desert our ranks and to serve the these there is no door to knock at, nor plutocratic oligarchy, perpetuating gate to enter, nor window to escape thus the capitalist system, we say to Self-made Men from. you, that we prefer a thousand times By J. A. PEEEZ There is no more pernicious notion to be where we are. afloat, than that one is prepared to get Our aim is greater, nobler than that. T IS said very often that foreign up in the world with nothing but the Wc demand the abolition of all privi­ working men, as soon as they get rudiments of an education. The wage- leges, casts, exploiters and rulets. Our I into this country, desert the prole­ purpose is no other than to establish earners haven't even those rudiments. tarian ranks, deluded by the fallacy They take away our education and a social equalization of humanity, put­ that "there is an opportunity for every­ leave us toil, guns, and penal colonies. ting on the same foot all men, in order body in this country." As this is .true No genius can succeed without a that they might exercise their natural to a certain extent, let us examine the faculties to the full measure of their matter in the light of the capitalist favorable environment. Had D'Alem­ bert been a dig-miner had Spencer gone powers. arguments. They tell us that opportunity pre­ into the chimney-sweeper business; had sents itself, but only for those who have Laplace been assigned to agricultural labors, what would their talents have the wit to discern, for those who possess I.ECTUR.E/ availed? energy to seize it, while the dull and Arranged by the It is worth noting, on the other hand, the indolent let it pass by, missing their ROAD TO FREEDOM GROUP, N.Y. that the man who has accomplished chance in society. These opportunities, AT THE WORKERS' CENTRE something, is not the most rewarded. capitalists claim, are to be found every­ 219 SECOND AVENUE NEW YORK CIFY where. Here we have D'Alembert, for The reverse is the truth. Those who instance, French scientist, who with no have achieved nothing, are the ones who Wed., April 1st D. ISAKOVITZ: help whatsoever, became the greatest have drawn the utmost profit. "WM. GODWIN AND HIS WORK" mathematician of his time. Then comes Speculators encourage us to rise in Wed., April 8th THOMAS WRIGHT: Herbert Spencer, he who by the power the world, not for our benefit, nor for the welfare of society, nor for the in­ "JOSEPH PIERRE PROUDHON AND of his genius, has built a famous HIS WORK" philosophy of his -own. And now they terest of our own class, but for their introduce to us Pierre Laplace, Astron­ insatiable greed. They know that the Wed., April 15th HIPPOLYTE HAVEL: omer and Physicist, reaching those high laborer, the miner, the operator, are " MICHAEL BAKUNIN AND HIS. WORK " positions without knowing how. the necessary human raw-material for exploitation; likewise they are aware Wed., April 22nd F. KRAEMER: When we turn to America, the num­ " PETER KROPOTKIN AND HIS WORK " ber of men of this class is endless, that skilled men, trained mechanics, especially in statesmen and financiers; professional engineers are more efficient, Wed., April 29th SH. MARCUS: this country is the nursery of self-made more valuable to them. " MAX STIRNER AND HIS WORK " (The Closing Lecture of the Season) men. Granted it were so easy to grope to ,If we now make an inquiry regarding those positions, what would our fate be? Questions and Discussion these so-called self-educated men, we If we cast a glance at the conditions in Admission - - . . FREE 4 the road to freedom

The Road to Freedom brac, to be occasionally admired in a Comments pensive mood. A Periodical of Anarchist Thought, Work, and Literature AY FOX announces in the Febru­ Is it not a proof of a" "fine soul" to Published by the ary issue of the Workers' talk of the asininities of one's youthful KOAD TO FREEDOM PUBLISHING J Monthly his conversion from days? When business is slack, it is ASSOCIATION rather pleasant to recollect '^^those wild at Stelton, N. J. Anarchism to Bolshevism. On another page of THE ROAD TO FREEDOM friend things." Of course, one must not for­ Hippolttb Havel, Editor Kelly dissects Fox's tragic journey to get himself so far as to call back to life Subscription, One Dollar a Year Canossa. What strikes me as signifi­ old ideals and, perchance, become active Single Copies, Five Cents cant in Fox's conversion to Dictator­ in their behalf. Address all Communications and make all ship, Militarism and Wage System is Thus philosophise the "wise," the Money Orders payable to his fathomless ignorance of Anarchist Road to Feeedom, Stelton, N. J. "practical," the matter-of-fact people; theory. He accomplished a remarkable they shrug their shoulders, assuring us feat; he remained for three decades in that life must be taken as it is, not as the Anarchist movement without having it should be. But what is life? Life To Readers in the slightest understanding of Anar­ spells hypocrisy; the world is peopled New Y ork and V icinity chism. As to his poison attack against with sneaks, renegades and cowards. A Emma. Goldman he only repeats the few thousand more or less of this cali­ COMRADES AND FRIENDS: tragic story of all renegades;-he.spites bre—what does is matter?! The com­ A LMOST all radical publications venom against his former friends and petition among them is constantly /m are compelled to do a lot of comrades. growing more intense; soon the ex- heggmg among sympathizers in Fox's apologia for his conversion to idealist realizes that he has been doubly order to exist. The cost of printing State Capitalism starts with a lie, is cheated—^he has bartered the best part under the present .economic arrange­ of himself fbr profit, and now he finds ments is enormous for radical litera­ sprinkled with Billingsgate and ends himself sadly disappointed in his ex­ ture. Our complex capitalistic system with sentimental balderdash. "The con- tinpous attacks of Emma Goldman pectations. involves even the smallest effort of against Soviet Russia impel me"—^be­ ft ft ft social rebels, to spread their ideas gins Fox's article. Now Emma Gold­ through printed word, at great ex­ man never at^cked Soviet Russia. OHN L. LEWIS, president of the pense. What she did and still does, is to attack United Mine Workers, and War­ THE ROAD TO FREEDOM is the Only an unscrupulous tyranny of a small J ren S. Stone, president of the publication in English with the mission sect which destroyed the Soviet idea of Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, to propagate the ideal of perfect free­ revolutionary Russia and suppresses have a controversy in. the columns of dom in America—Anarchism. Being every manifestation of the Soviet spirit The Nation concerning the Coal River neither subsidized nor having a party in Bolshevik Russia. The entire Anar­ mines, owned exclusively by members of backing the publication is living from chist movement all over the world the Brotherhood. Stone, president of hand to moutK. Only through self- agrees with her criticism of the Bol­ the Brotherhood, is chairman of the sacrifice of a few comrades are we able shevik Fascism. Fox calls Emma Gold­ board of directors of Coal River Col­ to publish' the paper each month. The man a traitor . Traitor to what? Is he lieries, and as -such he is responsible for usual effects of summer months will a traitor who remains true to his ideal, the labor policy of the company. Mr. make it even harder for us. or is not rather he the traitor who gives Stone insists upon acceptance by the In order to raise a sufficient sum of up his libertarian past and goes over miners of a rate of wages that wbuld money to be able to publish THE ROAD to the authoritarians? Fox does not not only further impoverish those work­ TO FREEDOM during the summer, with­ seem to comprehend that in the contro­ ers but would demoralize the entire coal out being forced-fo appeal to our com­ versy between Bolshevism and Anar­ rades for financial help, we have industry. chism two opposite theories of life are arranged A COSTUME BALL — In a joint conference of miners and being fought out—the 'difference be­ for SATURDAY, APRIL Ji-th, at the operators from the central competitive tween liberty and authority. HARLEM CASINO, Lenox Avenue field, composed of western Pennsyl­ and 116th Street, New York City. In' introducing the latest recruit to vania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, held We hope that all comrades and their ranks, the Chicago Bolshevik in Jacksonville, Florida, in February, friends—from all language groups— Junta epimotazises Jay Fox as "the 1924, an agreement was reached which will appear at the affair and help us to principal leader of the Anarchist move- extended the then existing Wage agree­ make it a granA success. merit in America for the last 30 years." ment until April 1, 1927. Imlmediately, We get letters a-plenty cpngratulat- Alas, poor Yorrick! To my knowledge Coal River Collieries, whose mines are ing us since we started our exponent of Jay, kept his "Anarchism" carefully in the non-union territory of southern Anarchism, but these letters do not help hidden whenever there was a chance to West Virginia and northeastern Ken­ us to pay the printer's bills. It is not get a job in the Federation of Labor. tucky, joined with the non-union coal our intention to appeal to our readers The sooner the Anarchist movement companies in an assault upon the Jack­ in each issue of THE ROAD TO FREEDOM. gets rid of "leaders" the better for sonville agreement. Up to that time If you have any understanding of our Anarchism. Coal River Collieries had employed situation now is the time to assist us ft w • union miners and paid the union scale in our work, and to do your bit for the OME say ideals do not pay. If we in the West Virginia mines, but had publication. We count on your partici­ happen to possess any remnants operated its Kentucky mine non-union. pation on April $th. Let us make it a S of old convictions, we should put The latter mine is still being operated real international gathering. them on the shelf with other bric-a- non-union. the road to freedom 5

Mr. Stone, like other non-union present one great obstacle to the forma­ From Anarchism to •operators, demanded that his employees tion of social peace; the classes are take a reduction in wages. The United mpre sharply separated by external "Communism" Mine Workers of America refused. Mr. characteristics than they are in Saxon (State Socialism) Stone closed down his West Virginia countries; these separations very much mines rather than pay the union scale. embarrass Labor leaders when, they By HAERY KELLY He threw hundreds of men out of work, abandon their former manners and take Tcnowing that unemployment meant up position in the oflicial or philan­ HE firs't question one puts to starvation and suffering for their fam­ thropic circles. These circles have wel­ oneself after reading the article ilies. Next, Coal, River Collieries im­ comed them with great pleasure, since Tby Jay Fox in the February ported strike-breakers from the non­ it has been perceived that the gradual issue of the Workers' Monthly is, how union fields of Virginia, Kentucky, and transformation of trades .union officials could a man call himself an anarchist Alabama to take the places of the union into members of the middle classes for nearly thirty years when he under­ miners. Then the union miners were might produce excellent results; but stands so little of its principles. Then evicted from their homes. Their fam­ their comrades distrust them. In one is impressed with the age old truism ilies and belongings were thrown out France this distrust has become much that none are so bitter as the apostate. upon the roadside or hillside in the dead more definite sinc^ a great number of After that one reads the editor's intro­ of winter, with no place to go. One Anarchists have entered the Syndicalist duction and says—save us from our hundred and three families were thus movement; because the Anarchist has friends. evicted last month, when the weather a horror of everything which recalls the In introducing Fox to the readers of in the West Virginia mountains was proceedings of politicians—a class, of the Workers' Monthly, the editor has hitter cold. The company refuses to people devoured by the desire to climb the following among other things to permit these union miners to work in into superior classes and having already say: "Jay Fox was the principle pro­ its mines unless they accept the reduced the capitalist mind while yet poor. letarian leader of the anarchist move­ scale of wages. » « * ment • in America for the past thirty As a result of these evictions the years. . . . Emma Goldman- repre­ T Easter time the legend of the sented the petty bourgeoise wing, and United Mine Workers of America has martyrdom of Jesus is very in recent years devoted herself merely been compelled to spend scores of thou­ A' much in evidence, hawked about sands of dollars in building houses and to lecturing upon sex, , the drama and at every street corner. "Jesus died for such subjects." Such subjects is good! barracks for these unfortunate families me," for "all humanity." And "all and in supplying them with food, cloth­ "In recent years he tdok an active part humanity," whether it wish it or not, in the I. W. W., the Syndicalist League ing, fuel, medical attention, and other is made responsible for this martyr­ necessities. This union has* paid the of North America, the T. U. E. L., and dom. Well might mankind ask to be the Farmer-Labor Party. He joined undertakers' bills- for burying the chil­ let alone, to take care of its own "siris." the Workers' Party in 1924." dren of these men that have died since What profit it the wounds and scalps Those familiar with the career of this thing happened. The United Mine of Christ and the numerous other Workers of America has made not only Jay Fox know that while calling him­ saviors ? self an anarchist for many years he repeated but continuous efforts to ad­ What a blessing it would have been, was at best never more than a Syndical­ just this matter with Mr. Stone and his had Jesus remained on that alleged ist and this article proves it beyond any company, but it has met with the same Good Friday in his grave, and gone the serious doubt. Still it was a bit unkind identical refusals and opposition that •way of all that is earthly. If in that of the editor to tell us that an anar­ it has many times experienced with cold­ way the salvation mania could be cufed, chist "leader" was a meitiber of the blooded, hard-boiled non-union coal we' would have long since been rid of Trade Union Educational League and companies. the nuisance of earthly saviors and di­ the Farmer-Labor Party before join­ Stone's answer to Lewis' expose is in vine idolatry. There would then be no ing the Workers' Party. The first is harmony with a statement of Mr. Baer, more need of calling upon humanity to the wing of the -so-called Communist the late president of the Coal Trust— emancipate its^f from its saviors, and Party of this country which has been the woi'kers be damned. He writes to dethrone heaven, that the earth be busily engaged for the past few years under his signature: made a fit place to live. But the apos­ in trying to disrupt the trade unions There is no trouble of any kind exist­ tles and the disciples, and no less the of this country. The Farmer-Labor ing between the company and the em­ priests, had great need of the resur­ Party is—^well—^it is- just the Farmer- ployees. The only trouble that has rection of the Lord. The miracles had I.abor Party—that's all. So after existed at any time was due to the work to be performed, that man be forced to skating around for a ilumber of years of professional agitators who were sent his knees, that he adore and pray, and trying to find where he belongs, brother into the fields to create trouble. be meek and obedient. The Crucifixion, Fox' lands with both "feet in the Stone is a perfect specimen of an the Resurrection, and the Annunciation "Workers' " Party, which like all poli­ American labor leader. He is the wise to boot! A veritable monster show a tical parties is composed of doctors, guy who started the idea of Labor la Barnum. lawyers, dentists and small business Banks, a marvelops graft providing Our Easter and our resurrection does men as well as workers. jobs for pie-card artists in the labor not rest upon the hope of a savior. We It sounds strange to hear a man who movement. "the proletariat of the world will unite • « « shall hail it as the resurrection when was a Syndicalist, a man who read Kro- potkin's "Conquest of Bread," wherein Georges Sorel in "Reflections in common cause and realize that land AYS certain definite methods of organization on Violence": ... It must be and liberty is the inalienable inheritance were laid down for organizing produc- S noticed that our Latin countries of all men. 6 the road to freedom tion and distribution after the revolu­ ism is workers' control and this is just tions get together and agree upon tion, ask "how once the workers got what the present rulers of Russia don't line of action wherein they can go for­ control of industry, how was the revo­ want. Every impartial observer in ward in one solid phalanx to meet the lution going to protect itself against Russia has stated that the so-called united front of imperial capitalism."" the counter-revolution from without Soviets are a farce and the workers As a member of the late and much and within would set upon it?" For a have no voice whatever in the manage­ lamented Farmer-Labor Party, Fox man claiming to know the function of ment of the affairs of the country. Any should know why other organizations trade unions this question should answer man who does not know this should not can not get together with these so- itself. But then if the trade unions are undertake to write on Russian affairs. called Communists and Sidney Hillman to be the defenders of the revolution, The Russian Government is a govern­ of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers- where would Lenin, Trotsky, Zinoviev ment of bureaucrats like any other gov­ knows it also. He should have known- and the other bosses of the party in ernment; they have introduced certain it three or four years ago, but better Russia come in. They are not members principles of State Socialism and those late than never. At least it is our sin­ of trade unions and have done every­ principles are working out as ineffi­ cere hope that this organization torn thing possible to destroy them and ciently and as despotically as the anar­ with factionalism may not be beyond failing that make them subordinate to chists have always said they would. recovery. the State. Is it possible Fox has never Without a single book, newspaper, "The trade unions are the most im­ read the speech of Kollantay, sup­ pamphlet or publication issued in the portant of all existing economic or­ pressed in Russia, bijt published here entire country except under govern­ ganization, in fact the only ones, that by the I. W. W. where she sets forth ment control it is unthinkable that can carry over into the new industrial the idea of the role the unions should abuses or tyranny can be corrected and society." Fox probably doesn't realize play in reconstructing Russian indus­ this patter about the workers coming that men are in jail in Russia for say­ try and Russian life. Her advocacy of into their own is stuff to feed babes and ing this very thing. Of course it is good Syndicalism under the name of Com­ not adults. tactics to advocate Syndicalism before munism got her nowhere and she was "A study of the Russian revolution the revolution and put people in jail banished in approved imperialistic has been of infinite value to me as a who try to practice it after the revolu­ fashion by being made Ambassador to revolutionist, and far from joining the tion. It has been said many times by Norway. reactionaries in the counter-revolution different writers that to advocate Syn­ "My experience as a trade unionist because some Anarchists were impris­ dicalism is more dangerous in Russia had taught me that men must have oned", I raised my feeble voice in its be­ than to advocate-a return to Czarism. organization and leadership." Strange half . . . .then I did not know that if The latter is dead where Syndicalism words these for a man whom the editor I and my comrades were at the helm has an appeal to the workers and must of the Workers' Monthly calls the we should not find our theories unwork­ be suppressed by the bureaucrats first "principal proletarian leader of the able and be compelled to modify them through the Checka and now the G. Anarchist movement in America for in order to cope with the situation aris­ P. U. thirty years." Brother Fox has been ing out of the conflict." No great harm "I have no fear that it—-the Russian hiding his light under a bushel for these has been done perhaps by a man advo­ government which Fox calls the Work­ many years in Home Colony, for many cating theories for thirty years with­ ers' State—will imbed itself and become of us never heard of him leading anyone out knowing if they would work, but permanent." Such faith is really very but himself—which by the way is as it for such a man to be held up as "the touching but it is hardly the attitude should be. Let a man lead himself with proletarian leader of the Anarchist for an anarchist. credit and he may become an inspira­ movement in America" is really to "It grieves me to learn that Emma tion to others. But then Jay believes much. No man should advocate a social Goldman and other prominent Anar­ in leadership, so it would seem that theory if he has any doubts about it chists are among the worst enemies of after many peregrinations in the I. W. working. the revolution." If Trotsky, Zinoviev W., Syndicalist League of North The "Communist" International and others who according to Alexander America, T. U. E. L. and the Farmer- raises the cry: "All power to the Work­ Berkman—a fairly good revolutionist Labor Party, he has found a resting ers, and it has a most efficient program and anarchist-—caused the death of place at last. for the fulfillment of that aim." Yes, 14,000 persons in Cronstadt, many of "For the first time in the history of it raises such a cry and then denies the them, called previously by Trotsky, the world a group of workers came into workers in the'shops any voice or con­ "the flower of the revolution," were the their own." Answer: Lenin, Trotsky, trol in industry and again we refer to revolution, then god save us from the Zinoviev, Kameneff and other "Work­ the speech of Kollantay published by revolution. ers." the I. W. W. "Under capitalism poli­ "Emma Goldman will be written Louis Fisher, the pro-bolshevik cor­ tical power is the watchdog of the ex­ down in Labor history as a revolution­ respondent of New York Nation re­ ploiters ... it suppresses strikes and ary scab." It depends on who writes cently wrote—everything published or all forms of discontent." Exactly and the labor history. If it is an honest •written in Russia is, as is well known, having learned that trick from the man or woman trying to present the censured, so Fisher's article represents capitalists, that is just what has been facts fairly he will say here was a the official point of view—that while done and is still being done by this so- woman who all her life fought tyranny the governing forces of Russia were called "Workers" government. considering asking the trade unions to and oppression no matter under what co-operate with the government in de­ "The Communists propose the very name or label. When she saw men and veloping industry. Syndicalism was practical and sensible idea of a united women who had fought and suffered for anathema to them. Of course Syndical­ front. Why not all workers' organiza­ the revolution thrown into jail because the road to freedom 7 ihey protested against the broken of the unions are more to blame than $100,000 and J. P. Morgan, $100,000. promises of the "leaders", and tried to any other factor. They actually be­ —"News Item." apply the ideals they stood for, she trayed the men. Had the leaders ap­ No more fitting monument to their protested as she had always protested pealed to the spirit of solidarity of the own deeds as jjpbbers of the enslaved and as such stood for the ideals she workers in all other industries, that could have been conceived. Nor could had always stood for. It is more than spirit would have made itself, felt. Like­ a more fitting place have been chosen probable that brother Fox will be over­ wise the individual road settlements than the place of Mammon's Hell city, looked in that labor history he talks of, were' also a large contributing factor where the "free" slaves are herded to­ hut if he is mentioned it might be some- in the defeat. For the men of the rail­ gether—New York City. ihing like this. Jay Fox, a man who roads, and for that matter all other « • • advocated anarchism for nearly thirty trade unions there remains only one The body of Samuel Pace, secretary years, but when the test came he spiked hope: not to trust in any leaders or of the Ewen colliery local union near his guns and fled to the enemy. He party to help them gain anything worth Scranton, Pa., was found riddled with deserted his comrades in their hour of while. To solidify the ranks, to elimi­ bullets on January 6, 1925^ He was need'and in order to justify his deser­ nate useless official jobs, replacing it one of the 11,000 strikers for the last tion spatters them with mud. by a shop steward (delegate) system; few weeks and was on his way home Here are a few facts for Jay Fox, to bring about a genuine united labor after attending a union meeting.—News the apostate, to remember when next movement of all industrial crafts, only Item. he writes. such tactics can turn the temporary We wonder what the "authorities" A Soviet Government is a govern­ defeats of labor into victories. would have done, if the name of the ment based on the principle of indus­ « » * murdered one had read, Judge E. H. trial representation and no such thing The press of the entire country is Gary, President of the U. S. Steel •exists in Russia as every intelligent in an uproar. "Outraged" public Corp., instead of Samuel Pace, a mere student of Russian affairs knows. The opinion is aghast. Preachers in the pul­ secretary of a toilers' union.' . . . government in Russia is precisely the pits are delivering sermons. What is same kind of government as exists in it all about At a time when every ruling power this country. It is a government based A special senate "investigation" com­ (excepting the Bolsheviki in Russia), on party lines and those outside the mittee headed by Senator Couzens, dis­ has already liberated every imprisoned •party have nothing to say. It is State closed the fact that Secretary of the political "offender," the' greatest self- Socialism of the kind Kropotkin wrote Treasury Mellon defrauded the United boasting democracy still keeps in jail about thirty, years ago and the kind States Government of $7,400,000 in 89 victims in California, 5 in Washing­ that Herbert Spencer had in mind when collecting taxes from the Atlantic, Gulf ton, 2 in Oklahoma, 1 in Kansas and he wrote "The Coming Slavery," with and West Indies Steamship Company, 6 in Texas. its reptile press extolling every act of of w'hich Mellon is a stockholder. With Thomas J. Mooney and War­ the ruling clique and denouncing every Secretary Mellon, in turn, makes the ren K. Billings wasting their lives in act that they think may imperil their charge that former Secretary of the San Quentin and Sacco and Vanz'etti power. The case of Trotsky, which by Treasury Carter Glass, has defrauded driven to insanity, this country's the way fails to move us to tears for he the government of about $100,000,000 "democracy" has something to feel would do exactly the same if he were in in collecting taxes from Senator "proud" about. But labor, organized power, is a case in point. Couzens. or unorganized, ought to feel ashamed The opposition has been shot, im­ One's imagination could easily fore­ that it cannot or does not release its prisoned or deported in Russia and to see how "our" respectable upholders faithful champions for a better life. add salt to the wounds of the sufferers and defenders of the law and its institu­ • • « they have been slandered in the vilest tions would appear if the truth regard­ Why only Communists.' and most veriomous manner. The capi­ ing all of them and their deeds, or The Central, Labor Council of talists of this country want the lives of rather misdeeds would ever be fully re­ Seattle, Wash., recently ordered the Sacco and Vanzetti, but they do not vealed ! expulsion of all trade unionists found want them to be martyrs, so they are The State and all its institutions to be communists. trying to put them to death as bandits growing out of it, as all those it up­ Why not also throw out every trade and not labor men. This is the method holds are based on fraud, deceit and unionist who happens to hold political persued by the so-called "Communists" robbery. The ahove singular instance and social points of view other than who have stolen a name that Jay Fox only illustrates the truth of it. Nor is those held by the political hucksters once honored. there any one more responsible for the and barterers now holding sway over continuation of these outrages than the the labor movement as Republicans, Paragraphing The very press and pulpit that is always Democrats and Socialists.' so busy making pretentious grimaces * « » World's Circus of anger whenever such frauds are re­ In the Liberator the traditions of the HE shopmen strike of July, 1922 vealed. once genuine free revolutionary organ. « « * that has continued for more than The Masses, were gradually extin­ Ttwo years has now been called off It will cost $15,000,000 to erect the guished until it became an unofficial officially. The loss on both sides is "greatest" cathedral in the United mouthpiece of the Communist Party. estimated at $200,000,000. States. Some of the contributors so Soviet Russia was pretending to be an The strike as a whole, it should be far are: John D. Rockefeller, $500,000; impartial organ for gathering help for admitted now, was a defeat for the Arthur Curtis James, $150,000; E. S. the Russian people and to reveal the workers. For this defeat the leaders Harkness, $155,000; Ogden Mills, true facts relating to the lives of the 8 the road to freedom people. The Labor Herald was pre­ People and the Nation professional. The one can be kind and suming to be out to unite, all revolu­ hospitable, and so forth; the other By RABINDRANATH TAGORE* tionary workers in the labor movement. grasping, deceitful, and cruel. So when Whenever the real m,otives of these OU ask me to explain to you I judge a, people I judge them, not only godly-trinity was questioned—nothing what are my ideas about the from that completely human aspect, for but abuse and_ slander was the retort. Ynation. Most people think that as people they have their love of hu­ Yet, as the old saying goes—no one Nationalism is that principle of unity manity and of nature, but also as a does more to break down gods than the which binds together the people who nation, for in their national aspect they gods themselves. So it is that we read acknowledge it. And yet you do not can be selfish and cruel. this "cheerful" message in an editorial call the Jews a nation who have a The man who is generally willing to of the Daily Worker: stronger bond of unity among them­ help others, at once becomes a different "There have been many heart-render­ selves than most other peoples, a bond being when he puts on his professional ing pangs at the passing from the field that has not yet been dissolved under personality. I find that this profes­ of revolutionary magazines of the the stress of centuries of homelessness sional aspect in people has become pre­ Labor Herald, the Liberator and the and persecution. The individual mem­ dominant in the West, and their human­ Soviet Rtissia Pictorial. Each one of bers of this community may even belong ity has become subordinate. It is this these printed expressions of distinct to two enemy nations fightilig against professional aspect which is the na­ revolutionary currents had its field and each other and yet socially and cultur­ tional aspect. The people are naturally its friends, thousands of them. Today, ally they still belong to the same origi-. creative, from them come art, religion, with the announcement that the three nal brotherhood. poetry and song, but in their profes­ are to be combined into one great peri­ The same thing holds good with re­ sional ca]pacity only the machinery and odical, the Workers' Monthly, these gard to the Hindus, who are considered the organization for producing things. partisan hosts of the one or the other to he a. community but not a nation, They are constructive, mechanical, are suffering some anxiety." though a very strong and conservative they must have their fees, they can spirit of fundamental unity has been The truth then as to who really con­ cease to be living, and because they are keeping them together for ages against trolled all those three magazines was mechanical the artificial side of their all the political vicissitudes that have at last revealed! And the Workers' nature tends to assert itself and they passed over them. Therefore I divide Party daily organ asks the duped ones can gradually lose the deeper love of the collective aspect of the different not to suffer from anxiety. Let's hope humanity, of justice, and of truth., As human races into two categories—the they won't. The breaking down of their their wealth increases their power in­ people and the nation. creases. gods ought to prove a great enduring I regard . the difference between lesson to them. It is very diflicult for an idealist to people and nation as the same as that prove in the terms of these professional « » « between the natural and the profes­ men and by using their arguments that sional man—that is between man the As it is in Russia, spiritual truth is really higher. I can­ father, the husband, the friend, and hian not say "You are losing your power If ever there has been a government the physicfan, the lawyer, the soldier, and wealth in this way, by being merely ruling with iron claws upon the entire or the man of business. We often find professional." They answer, "What are life of the country's toilers, it appears real and fundamental differences be­ you? Merely beggars, whilst we are to be now the case with Russia. It tween these two aspects in the same in­ powerful. The truth that you preach takes from one to two years time before dividual, between the natural and the has done lis no good." So I can't prove any definite information can be had, to .them that through the cultivation of as regards to labor conditions there. • During his recent visit to Italy Rabin­ dranath Tagore had a long conversation in the nation they have come to something According to the National Council of Milan with an Italian comrade, in the course evil. the Russian Trade Unions, (govern- of which the Indian poet explained his views on national megalomania. (To he continued) mentally controlled) there were 466 strikes in 1922 affecting 192,000 per­ sons and 384 strikes in 1923 affecting THE BOLSHEVIK MYTH 166,000 persons. Only seven of these JUST OFF THE PRESS Published by Boni & Liveright strikes were sanctioned by the unions, Alexander Berkman's Russian Diary (meaning the leaders) . . . and this— W'T'HE BOLSHEVIK MYTH" is a diary kept by Alexander Berkman during his in a land where the dictatorship of the ^ two years in Russia. So far as is known this is the first day-by-day record that any one has succeeded in getting out of Russia since the revolution. proletariat is supposed to be reigning With great simplicity but at the same time with terrible realism he presents his supreme I . . . experience, his encounters with people of all classes, with the great on the one —FRED S. GRAHAM. hand—Lenin, Trotsky, Zinoviev, and the other leaders—and on the other, with the humble, the work-a-day people. You see through his eyes the terrified bourgeoisie; the starving intellegentsia; you hear the factory worker speak; and the Red army man; and the Tchekist, frankly cynical; you get cm insight into the psychology of the sincere Communists, now persecuted for their opposition to the prevailing party; MONIES RECEIVED he takes you into the huts of the Ukrainian peasant; into the Soviet prisons; he gives you a glimpse of the impending famine. Thos. Brothers $2.00 j A. Steinhauser .$1.00 j It is not rash to predict that future collections of t,he literature of the Russian C. L. Swartz $1.00; J. Meltzer (per group) revolution- will be incomplete without this faithful and moving book by Alexander $3.00; T. S. Wetter $1.00; Van Huizen $1.00; Berkman. John Blnnie $1.00; Nic Di Domenico (per "THE BOLSHEVIK MYTH" is his first published book since "Prison Memoirs group) $4.60; T. Zazzl .$1.00; Frank Guida of An Anarchist," which has been compared with the writings of Dostoievsky. $3.00; G. Dimitroff $1.00; John Rihkena $1.00; Price $3 per copy. Add 15 cents for postage. J. Scarceriaux $3.25; Russian'Society for Self M. E. FITZGERALD, Education .$3.00; Joseph Spivack (per group) 45 Grove Street, New York City. $5.00 and for the Kropotkin Museum $5.00.