Anarchist Periodicals in English Published in the United (1833–1955) States (1833–1955): an Annotated Guide, Ernesto A
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Anarchist Periodicals REFERENCE • ANARCHIST PERIODICALS Longa in English In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, dozens of anarchist publications appeared throughout the United States despite limited fi nancial resources, a pestering and Published in censorial postal department, and persistent harassment, arrest, and imprisonment. the United States Such works energetically advocated a stateless society built upon individual liberty and voluntary cooperation. In Anarchist Periodicals in English Published in the United (1833–1955) States (1833–1955): An Annotated Guide, Ernesto A. Longa provides a glimpse into the doctrines of these publications, highlighting the articles, reports, manifestos, and creative works of anarchists and left libertarians who were dedicated to An Annotated Guide propagandizing against authoritarianism, sham democracy, wage and sex slavery, Anarchist Periodicals in English Published in the United States and racial prejudice. Nearly 100 periodicals produced throughout North America are surveyed. Entries include title; issues examined; subtitle; editor; publication information, including location and frequency of publication; contributors; features and subjects; preced- ing and succeeding titles; and an OCLC number to facilitate the identifi cation of (1833–1955) owning libraries via a WorldCat search. Excerpts from a selection of articles are provided to convey both the ideological orientation and rhetorical style of each newspaper’s editors and contributors. Finally, special attention is given to the scope of anarchist involvement in combating obscenity and labor laws that abridged the right to freely circulate reform papers through the mail, speak on street corners, and assemble in union halls. ERNESTO A. LONGA is assistant professor of law librarianship at the University of New Mexico School of Law. For orders and information please contact the publisher Scarecrow Press, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefi eld Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200 Lanham, Maryland 20706 1-800-462-6420 • fax 717-794-3803 Ernesto A. Longa www.scarecrowpress.com Cover image of March 11, 1916, issue of Revolt courtesy of Labadie Collection, University of Michigan AnarchistPeriodicalsPODLITH.indd1 1 9/28/09 1:21:13 PM Anarchist Periodicals in English Published in the United States (1833–1955) An Annotated Guide ERNESTO A. LONGA THE SCARECROW PRESS, INC. Lanham • Toronto • Plymouth, UK 2010 Published by Scarecrow Press, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 http://www.scarecrowpress.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright © 2010 by Ernesto A. Longa All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Longa, Ernesto A., 1970– Anarchist periodicals in English published in the United States (1833–1955) : an an- notated guide / Ernesto A. Longa. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-0-8108-7254-7 (cloth: alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-8108-7255-4 (ebook) 1. Anarchism—Periodicals—Bibliography. I. Title. Z7164.A52L66 2010 [HX821] 016.335'8305—dc22 2009027645 ϱ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America To the Montana sisters, Emma-Joy and Maya-Rae Contents Acknowledgments ix Explanatory Note xi PERIODICALS A–Z 1 The 1776 American (1920) 1 The Advance (1911–1912) 2 Age of Thought (1896–1897) 3 The Agitator (1910–1912) 5 The Alarm (1884–1886) 7 The Alarm (1887–1889) 11 The Alarm (1915–1916) 14 Alternative (1948–1951) 16 Altruria (1907–1908) 18 American Journal of Eugenics (1907–1910) 20 American Political Prisoner (1922) 23 The An-Archist (1881) 24 Anarchist Soviet Bulletin (1919–1920) 25 Beacon (1890–1891) 27 Behind the Bars (1924) 28 The Blast (1916–1917) 29 Challenge (1938–1939) 33 Clarion (1932–1934) 37 Clothed with the Sun (1900–1904) 39 The Dawn (1922) 42 Demonstrator (1903–1908) 43 Discontent (1898–1902) 48 v vi CONTENTS Discussion (1937–1938) 53 Ego (1921–1923) 54 Egoism (1890–1897) 55 The Egoist (1924–1925) 57 Fair Play (1888–1891) 59 Fair Play (1906–1908) 65 The Firebrand (1895–1897) 66 The Flame (1916) 73 Foundation Principles (1885–1894) 74 The Free Comrade (1900–1912) 77 Free Lance (1916) 79 Free Society (1897–1904) 80 Free Society (1921–1922) 92 Free Society Library (1898–1900) 93 Freedom (1890–1892) 94 Freedom (1910–1911) 97 Freedom (1919) 98 Freedom (1933–1934) 101 Freeland (1904, 1909) 104 Humanity First (1919–1921) 105 I (1898–1900) 106 Individual Action (1952–1955) 108 The Individualist (1889–1890) 110 Instead of a Magazine (1915–1916) 113 The Kansas Liberal (1881–1883) 115 Land and Liberty (1914–1915) 120 The Liberator (1905–1906) 122 Libertarian Views (1941) 126 Liberty (1881–1908) 128 Liberty (1902–1903) 146 Liberty Library (1896–1897) 148 Lucifer, the Light Bearer (1883–1907) 149 Man! (1933–1940) 167 Modern School (1912–1922) 174 Mother Earth (1906–1917) 178 Mother Earth (1933–1934) 189 Mother Earth Bulletin (1917–1918) 191 The Mutualist (1925–1928) 193 The New Era (1897) 195 The New Order (1919) 195 CONTENTS vii New Trends (1945–1946) 196 Open Vistas (1925) 199 Our New Humanity (1895–1897) 200 The Peaceful Revolutionist (1833, 1848) 202 The Periodical Letter (1854–1858) 203 The Petrel (1904) 205 Quarterly Letter (1867) 205 Radical Review (1877–1878) 206 The Rebel (1895–1896) 208 Regeneración (1910–1918) 211 Resistance (1947–1954) 219 Retort (1942–1951) 223 Revolt (1916) 226 The Revolutionary Almanac (1914) 227 Rising Youth (1928–1929) 229 Road to Freedom (1924–1932) 230 Social Revolutionist (1856–1857) 237 The Social War (1917) 240 The Social War Bulletin (1918) 242 Solidarity (1892–1898) 244 Spanish Revolution (1936–1938) 249 The Spirit of the Age (1849–1850) 250 The Sun (1885?–1887) 254 Twentieth Century (1888–1892) 255 Vanguard (1932–1939) 264 Why? (1913–1914) 269 Why? (1942–1947) 271 The Wide Way (1907–1908) 274 Winn’s Firebrand (1902–1903; 1909–1910) 275 Woman Rebel (1914) 278 The Word (1872–1893) 280 Bibliography 291 Name Index 297 Subject Index 311 About the Author 321 Acknowledgments This book would not have been possible were it not for the financial support of the University of New Mexico’s Research Allocation Committee and the University of New Mexico Law Library; for the invaluable research support of Julie Herrada, Eileen Cohen, Jeanette Hennie, Randy Moorehead, Frances Lopez-Smith, Bernadette Anglada, Bonne Burton, and Joe Lane; and for the persistent encouragement and thoughtful comments on earlier drafts of this work by Barry Pateman and Jessica Mills. ix Explanatory Note In fall 2007, inspired by David M. Rabban’s Free Speech in Its Forgotten Years, a study of free-speech controversies between the time of the Civil War and World War I, I sought to consult a bibliography of English-language anarchist periodicals published in the United States to further investigate the scope of anarchist involvement in combating obscenity and labor laws that abridged the right to freely circulate reform papers through the mails, speak on street corners, and assemble in union halls. To my surprise, no such bibliography had ever been compiled. Consequently, the goal of my research shifted from investigating anarchist involvement in free-speech controversies to compiling a descriptive bibliography of English-language anarchist periodicals published in the United States, 1833–1955. Conceptually, this date range allows me to showcase the tremendous het- erogeneity of anarchist doctrine (individualist versus communist) and method (revolutionary versus evolutionary) in North America. The year 1833 marks the publication of Josiah Warren’s Peaceful Revolutionist. Warren has been described by George Woodcock as “undoubtedly the most important American individu- alist anarchist,”1 while the Peaceful Revolutionist is widely regarded as the first anarchist newspaper published in the United States. The individualist anarchist tradition is further developed through such papers as Liberty (1881–1907), The Word (1872–1893), Egoism (1890–1897), Age of Thought (1896–1897), Lucifer, the Light Bearer (1883–1907), and Clarion (1932–1934), while the communist anarchist tradition is well represented in such papers as The Rebel (1895–1896), Free Society (1897–1904), Mother Earth (1906–1917), Road to Freedom (1924–1932), and Vanguard (1932–1939). As to means of achieving anarchy, the revolutionary approach pulses through such papers as The Alarm (1884–1889), Regeneración (1910–1918), The Blast (1916–1917), and Man! xi xii EXPLANATORY NOTE (1933–1940), while the evolutionary approach is exemplified in such papers as Discontent (1898–1902), Demonstrator (1903–1908), Free Comrade (1900– 1922), and Modern School (1912–1922). Although histories of anarchism cus- tomarily end in 1939,2 I have chosen to extend my survey of anarchist period- icals published in the United States to 1955 in order to provide researchers a glimpse into the semiliterary, pacifist, and lifestyle politics of American anar- chism prevalent during the 1940s and 1950s.