SECTION 2 Famous Explorers

27 Listen to the dialogue. PRONUNCIATION FOCUS Complete the sentence. 29 Listen, repeat and remember. Liza and Roy are going to see ... • a) a comedy about the participants of the Christopher Columbus, Sir Francis festival. Drake, James Cook • b) a detective film about life in Central North America, Central America, America. Australia • India, New Zealand, Spain, France, c) an adventure film about Christopher England Columbus. • the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic 28 Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the South- Read the three definitions ern Ocean of the word an ‘explorer’. Choose • the Hawaiian Islands and read the correct one. An explorer is a person who travels to ...

a) unknown places to find out some facts about them.

b) different places to find gold and silver there.

c) various places to find new friends there.

30 Read the information from the EC website about famous explorers. Answer the questions from the text using the facts in the table.

There have been many great explorers in the world. Do you know any of them? What were their names? What countries are they from? What did they do? This page of the website provides a list of names of some famous explorers. You can also find here information about their lives, including personal details, key events, some maps and pictures and other information about these great people.

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Names of explorers Their trips

Marco Polo (1254—1324) reached China and made Italy (Venice) a detailed description of his travel

Afanasy Nikitin (died in 1475) travelled from Russia to Russia India; described his trip in the book ‘The Journey Beyond Three Seas’

Christopher Columbus (1451—1506) discovered the New Italy World (Central America)

Ferdinand Magellan (1480—1521) organised the first Portugal successful round-the- world trip (from Europe sailing East)

James Cook (1728—1779) studied New Zealand England and Australia

LOOK AND LEARN! 31 Do you know any other famous explorers? Say what they discovered. to discover — находить, открывать Use the Internet if necessary. a discovery — открытие

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32 Read the text and say why James Cook is called a great explorer.

Captain James Cook was a British explorer and navigator1. He made three journeys to the Pacific Ocean, during which he discovered its main coastline. He was born on November 7, 1728 in England. As a teenager James dreamed of sea trips and ships. At the age of 17, he started working on a ship. There young James began to study different subjects: algebra, geometry, navigation and astron- omy. In June 1757 Cook joined one of the King’s ships as a captain’s assistant. For five years he served in North America. In that time he made a map of the west cost of North America. Later in 1768 James Cook travelled to the Pacific Ocean as head of the expedition and its captain. That was his first trip around the world. He explored the unknown land called ‘Terra Australis’. Cook’s second round-the-world trip took place in 1772. It lasted for four years. He was head of the expedition again and led two ships the Resolution and the Adventure. The crew2 was big. There were not only sailors but some scientists, too. The ships reached New Zealand. As a result of the trip, Cook brought back a detailed map of New Zealand and a map of the Australian west coast. Scientists discovered some new types of animals and plants. The report of the team was interesting and important. In 1776 James Cook took his last trip on the ships the Resolution and the Discov- ery. He discovered the North Passage from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. It was difficult because of the bad weather. For the whole winter the team had to stay on one of the Hawaiian Islands. In 1779 there was a conflict between the crew and native people of the island. They killed Captain James Cook. The expedition returned home in 1780 without their captain. James Cook was a great explorer. For 12 years he sailed around the Pacific Ocean, New Zealand and Australia. He made the most complete maps of the area for that time. His work was very important and useful for people from all over the world. LOOK AND LEARN! an expedition [ˌekspəˈdɪʃn] — экспедиция

33 Say what important events from 34 Work in pairs. Find out what your James Cook’s biography happened partner remembers about James Cook. in the following years.12 Take turns. Use the sentences from the text in your answers. 1728, 1757, 1768, 1772, 1776, 1779. When was James Cook born? — Example: 1728 — James Cook was born in Example: 1728. James Cook was born in ... . What ...? 1 a navigator — мореплаватель Where ...? 2 a crew [kru:] — экипаж, команда How many ...? 152 UNIT 4 Section 2 35 Write an essay about Capitan James Cook, the famous British explorer. Complete the sentences. 1. James Cook was ... . 2. He was born in ... . 3. Captain James Cook made three ... . 4. He explored ... and made a detailed map of ... . 5. The famous explorer was killed in ... during his third ... . 6. Thanks to Captain James Cook and his journeys people ... . 36 Listen and say what Mark is going to read to his friend.

37 Read the information from the Adventure Club booklet. Answer the questions.

The Adventure Club is the best opportunity you can have to overcome difficulties, to change yourself and to feel proud of yourself. You can choose to go on a hiking trip, to travel by boat along the river or by bicycle through the forest. It’s better to stay here for some time. During the first few days in the camp you will learn how to make a fire, to cook simple meals, put up tents, to provide first aid, sail on boats and ride bicycles. You will do special exercises which help your body to be stronger. You will learn to work in a team. The group activities will help you to build team spirit. All these skills can be helpful in your future trips. Together with your instructors and new friends you can choose the most suitable way to travel. If you come here on winter holidays you can learn how to drive a dog team1 and you can take part in a winter tour which is a real adventure! Come and spend your holidays with us.

LOOK AND LEARN!

to overcome — побороть, преодолеть to provide first aid — оказывать первую помощь

1. What kinds of trips does the Adventure Club offer? 2. What can you learn to do in the Adventure Club?

1 a dog team — собачья упряжка 153 UNIT 4 Section 2

38 Match the beginnings of the sentences with their endings. Translate the sentences. 1. If the weather is fine, a) if you want to make new friends. 2. If the firewood is dry, b) listen to the instructor carefully. 3. You must be able to provide first aid, c) fill in the registration form. 4. If you want to learn how to put up the tent d) if you travel in the mountains. quickly, e) the friends will go on a hiking trip. 5. You must be ready to overcome difficulties f) it is easier to make a fire. 6. If you want to join the Adventure Club, g) if you go hiking. 7. Join our camping trip

39 Choose the most important information about the Adventure Club 41 Listen, repeat and read. from your point of view. Read it aloud. the North Pole the South Pole 40 Work in pairs. Discuss if you would like to join the Adventure Club during the Arctic Ocean the Bering Strait your summer / winter holidays. Explain why / why not. Asia Europe Use: On the one hand ... on the other the Guinness the Guinness hand, I think / I believe, overcome diffi- World Record Book of Records culties, become stronger, learn how to make a fire (put up tents, provide first aid, cook on a fire), learn to sail on boats (drive a dog team), learn to work in a team, make new friends, have lots of adventures, be dangerous / difficult, depend upon the weather, stay at home, don’t like to travel.

42 Read the text about Dmitry Shparo. Say what he is famous for.

Dmitry Shparo is a well-known Russian Arctic explorer. He is famous for reaching the North Pole on snow skis. He was the head of the first ski expedition to the North Pole in 1979. His first expedition set a new World Record. Nine years later, in 1988, for the first time in history, Dmitry Shparo and his international team crossed the Arctic Ocean on snow skis from Russia to Canada across the North Pole. Later, in 1998, Dmitry Shparo together with his son Matvey crossed the Bering

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Strait, which separates Asia and America, on skis. For this very difficult trip the Russian explorer got into the Guinness Book of Records for the second time. Nowadays Dmitry together with his son Matvey, has run a lot of projects for young people and children. Dmitry and Matvey Shparo arranged several extreme expeditions in Russia, travelled with their teams on rivers in the USA and skied to the North Pole. LOOK AND LEARN!

the North Pole / the South Pole — Северный полюс / Южный полюс extreme [ɪkˈstri:m] — экстремальный

43 Say what kind of person the Russian Arctic explorer is. Example: I think he is a hard-working person. He can overcome difficulties.

44 Work in pairs. Think of 5 questions you’d like to ask Dmitry Shparo. Example: Why did you decide to go to the North Pole?

45 Choose and describe the most interesting way to travel for you. Explain your choice. Use the words from the box. Example: I prefer to travel by train. I like looking through the window and enjoying the places we are passing by.

travel on foot / by bike / by train, go hiking, travel in a team, make new friends, see different countries / places, have fun, have adventures, overcome difficulties, learn new things, enjoy nature, study the history of a place, visit places which tourists rarely visit

46 Work in pairs. Read the two texts. Ask your partner about the explorer he / she has read about. Use the questions after the text.

Lubov Sluchevskaya This is a story about a well-known Russian explorer, Lubov Sluchevskaya. In 2006, during her first expedition, she walked through five African countries. She called her cultural expedition ‘Africa, the Friendly Peace’. The explorer brought eighty pictures of Russian children to African schools. She told African children about Russia and showed them the pictures. Lubov Sluchevskaya arranged plenty of art competitions for African children. She swapped1 the pictures by African kids who won the competition for the Russian children’s pictures. When she returned to Russia, she brought the pictures of African children back to the Russian schoolchildren. Lubov Sluchevskaya thinks such extraordinary trips as hers help create peace and friendship all over the world. That is why she is planning another trip to Africa.

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Alexandra Tolstoy

Alexandra Tolstoy, a relative of Lev Tolstoy, was born in Britain in 1974. She is a famous explorer who travelled on a horse. She is also a member of the Royal Geo- graphical Society. In 1999 she and four brave women on horses went on a trip on the Silk Road1. This is an ancient route which connected West Asia with European countries. Alexandra and her team wanted to ride along the way which ancient explorers used. The women’s expedition was difficult and sometimes dangerous. However, they overcame all the difficulties including the changeable weather. In 2004 Alexandra made more thrilling horse trips through Russia and Asia. After her trips, Alexandra made a film Horse People with Alexandra Tolstoy. She also wrote a number of exciting books and made some interesting TV shows about her adventures.

1. Where is the explorer from? 1 49 Work in pairs. Discuss why people 2. Where did she travel? go on dangerous trips nowadays. 3. How did she travel? Compare your opinion with your 4. Did she travel alone or in a team? classmate’s view. 5. What was the aim2 of her trips? Use: be the first, overcome difficulties, 6. What did she do after her trip? enjoy thrilling adventures, test themselves, take a chance, become stronger, meet new 47 Look at the pictures on p. 156. friends, learn new things, work in a team, Say which of the pictures were drawn visit places which people visit very rarely, by Russian children. What can African discover unknown places. schoolchildren learn about Russia from these pictures? TEST YOURSELF 48 Imagine a picture you would like to draw and to send to children in another Do the exercises in your Workbook. country. What country would you choose? Describe your picture and explain your choice.

1 the Silk Road — «Шёлковый путь» 2 the aim — цель 157