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Introduction San Andreas Fault: an Overview
Introduction This volume is a general geology field guide to the San Andreas Fault in the San Francisco Bay Area. The first section provides a brief overview of the San Andreas Fault in context to regional California geology, the Bay Area, and earthquake history with emphasis of the section of the fault that ruptured in the Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906. This first section also contains information useful for discussion and making field observations associated with fault- related landforms, landslides and mass-wasting features, and the plant ecology in the study region. The second section contains field trips and recommended hikes on public lands in the Santa Cruz Mountains, along the San Mateo Coast, and at Point Reyes National Seashore. These trips provide access to the San Andreas Fault and associated faults, and to significant rock exposures and landforms in the vicinity. Note that more stops are provided in each of the sections than might be possible to visit in a day. The extra material is intended to provide optional choices to visit in a region with a wealth of natural resources, and to support discussions and provide information about additional field exploration in the Santa Cruz Mountains region. An early version of the guidebook was used in conjunction with the Pacific SEPM 2004 Fall Field Trip. Selected references provide a more technical and exhaustive overview of the fault system and geology in this field area; for instance, see USGS Professional Paper 1550-E (Wells, 2004). San Andreas Fault: An Overview The catastrophe caused by the 1906 earthquake in the San Francisco region started the study of earthquakes and California geology in earnest. -
Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering Page
Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Cockrell School of Engineering Standard Resume FULL NAME: Hilary Clement Olson TITLE: Senior Lecturer DEPARTMENT: Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering EDUCATION: Stanford University Geology Ph.D. Summer 1988 University of Notre Dame Earth Sciences B.S. Spring 1983 Université Catholique de L'Ouest Diplôme de Langue Française Spring 1981 CURRENT AND PREVIOUS ACADEMIC POSITIONS: The University of Texas at Austin Center for Petroleum and Program September 2015 - Present Geosystems Engineering Manager The University of Texas at Austin Hildebrand Department of Sr. Lecturer September 2019 – present Petroleum and Geosystems Lecturer January 2013 – August Engineering 2019 The University of Texas at Austin Center for Petroleum and Research September 2013 – August Geosystems Engineering Associate 2015 The University of Texas at Austin Department of Geological Lecturer January 2011 – May 2013 Sciences The University of Texas at Austin Institute for Geophysics Research May 2007 – August 2013 Scientist Associate V Huston-Tillotson University Special Topics in the Instructor January 2006 – May 2006 Geosciences The University of Texas at Austin Institute for Geophysics Research September 1998 – May Associate 2007 The University of Texas at Austin Institute for Geophysics Research June 1996 – August 1998 Fellow The University of Texas at Austin Department of Geological Lecturer January 1996 – May 1996 Sciences The University of Texas -
Ontong Java and Kerguelen Plateaux: Cretaceous Icelands?
Journal of the Geological Society, London, Vol. 152, 1995, pp. 1047-1052, 4 figs. Printed in Northern Ireland Ontong Java and Kerguelen Plateaux: Cretaceous Icelands? M. F. COFFIN & L.M. GAHAGAN Institute for Geophysics, The University of Texas at Austin, 8701 North Mopac Expressway, Austin, Texas 78759-8397, USA Abstract: Together with Iceland, the two giant oceanic plateaux, Ontong Java in the western Pacific and Kerguelen/Broken Ridge in the Indian Ocean, are accumulations of mafic igneous rock which were not formed by 'normal' seafloor spreading. We compare published geochronological, crustal structure, and subsidence results with tectonic fabric highlighted in new satellite-derived free-air gravity data from the three igneous provinces, and conclude that existing evidence weighs lightly against the Ontong Java and Kerguelen plateaux originating at a seafloor spreading centre. Keywords: Iceland, Ontong Java Plateau, Kerguelen Plateau, plumes, hot spots. The two giant oceanic plateaux, Ontong Java in the western Age constraints Pacific, and Kerguelen in the south-central Indian Ocean (Fig. 1), and Iceland are among the best-studied examples of The vast bulk of crust in the ocean basins is dated using large-scale mafic magmatism not resulting solely from magnetic anomalies created by the interplay between the 'normal' seafloor spreading. Analogues on the continents, seafloor spreading process and the alternating polarity of the continental flood basalts, are demonstrably not created by Earth's magnetic field. Mesozoic and Cenozoic marine seafloor spreading, although controversy persists as to magnetic anomalies, summarized globally by Cande et al. whether or not lithospheric extension must precede their (1989), are most commonly tied to geological time through emplacement. -
Connecting the Deep Earth and the Atmosphere
In Mantle Convection and Surface Expression (Cottaar, S. et al., eds.) AGU Monograph 2020 (in press) Connecting the Deep Earth and the Atmosphere Trond H. Torsvik1,2, Henrik H. Svensen1, Bernhard Steinberger3,1, Dana L. Royer4, Dougal A. Jerram1,5,6, Morgan T. Jones1 & Mathew Domeier1 1Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; 2School of Geosciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; 3Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; 4Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA; 5DougalEARTH Ltd.1, Solihull, UK; 6Visiting Fellow, Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Abstract Most hotspots, kimberlites, and large igneous provinces (LIPs) are sourced by plumes that rise from the margins of two large low shear-wave velocity provinces in the lowermost mantle. These thermochemical provinces have likely been quasi-stable for hundreds of millions, perhaps billions of years, and plume heads rise through the mantle in about 30 Myr or less. LIPs provide a direct link between the deep Earth and the atmosphere but environmental consequences depend on both their volumes and the composition of the crustal rocks they are emplaced through. LIP activity can alter the plate tectonic setting by creating and modifying plate boundaries and hence changing the paleogeography and its long-term forcing on climate. Extensive blankets of LIP-lava on the Earth’s surface can also enhance silicate weathering and potentially lead to CO2 drawdown (cooling), but we find no clear relationship between LIPs and post-emplacement variation in atmospheric CO2 proxies on very long (>10 Myrs) time- scales. -
Proquest Dissertations
GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF A LOW-BACKSCATTER ANOMALY FOUND IN 12-KHZ MULTIBEAM DATA ON THE NEW JERSEY CONTINENTAL MARGIN BY EDWARD M. SWEENEY, JR. BA, Bowdoin College, 2003 THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Earth Sciences: Ocean Mapping December, 2008 UMI Number: 1463240 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 1463240 Copyright 2009 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 E. Eisenhower Parkway PO Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 This thesis has been examined and approved. Thesis Director James V. Gardner Research Professor of Earth Sciences Larry X. Mayer Professor of Ocean Engineering and Earth Sciences Joel E. Johnson Assistant Professor of Earth Sciences T4* William A Schwab Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey Octet* lb* S»o9 Date DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my family and friends for believing in me during my road through graduate school and especially to my mom and dad for always pushing me to do my best both academically and in life. -
Turbidites in a Jar
Activity— Turbidites in a Jar Sand Dikes & Marine Turbidites Paleoseismology is the study of the timing, location, and magnitude of prehistoric earthquakes preserved in the geologic record. Knowledge of the pattern of earthquakes in a region and over long periods of time helps to understand the long- term behavior of faults and seismic zones and is used to forecast the future likelihood of damaging earthquakes. Introduction Note: Glossary is in the activity description Sand dikes are sedimentary dikes consisting of sand that has been squeezed or injected upward into a fissure during Science Standards an earthquake. (NGSS; pg. 287) To figure out the earthquake hazard of an area, scientists need to know how often the largest earthquakes occur. • From Molecules to Organisms—Structures Unfortunately (from a scientific perspective), the time and Processes: MS-LS1-8 between major earthquakes is much longer than the • Motion and Stability—Forces and time period for which we have modern instrumental Interactions: MS-PS2-2 measurements or even historical accounts of earthquakes. • Earth’s Place in the Universe: MS-ESS1-4, Fortunately, scientists have found a sufficiently long record HS-ESS1-5 of past earthquakes that is preserved in the rock and soil • Earth’s Systems: HS-ESS2-1, MS-ESS2-2, beneath our feet. The unraveling of this record is the realm MS-ESS2-3 of a field called “paleoseismology.” • Earth and Human Activity: HS-ESS3-1, In the Central United States, abundant sand blows are MS-ESS3-2 studied by paleoseismologists. These patches of sand erupt onto the ground when waves from a large earthquake pass through wet, loose sand. -
January 2016 NEWS COVERAGE PERIOD from JANUARY 25TH to JANURAY 31ST 2016 GOVT BURDENS GAS CONSUMERS with RS101BN to FINANCE PIPELINES Dawn, January 29Th, 2016
January 2016 NEWS COVERAGE PERIOD FROM JANUARY 25TH TO JANURAY 31ST 2016 GOVT BURDENS GAS CONSUMERS WITH RS101BN TO FINANCE PIPELINES Dawn, January 29th, 2016 KHALEEQ KIANI ISLAMABAD: The Economic Coordination Committee (ECC) of the Cabinet on Thursday decided to charge consumers of the two gas utilities Rs101 billion to partly finance pipeline network. At a charged meeting presided over by Finance Minister Ishaq Dar, the committee also approved Rs3 per unit reduction in future power tariff for industrial consumers previously announced by the prime minister in December. It also regularised import of first six cargoes of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) in April-May last year through a floating storage terminal, but deferred a final decision on LNG sales and purchase agreement between Qatargas and Pakistan State Oil (PSO) until Friday. “It was a bad day for member gas (Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority, or Ogra) Amir Naseem,” said a cabinet member who attended the meeting, adding that the finance minister lost his temper at the beginning of the meeting over Ogra’s written comments against petroleum ministry’s summary on Rs101bn financing arrangement for gas companies. Ogra earlier opposed the recovery of Rs101bn from consumers through tariff, saying the pipeline projects should be financed out of Gas Infrastructure Development Cess (GIDC) already being collected from consumers. The regulator believed that it could not allow under the GIDC law the “double taxation” through gas tariff. Consumers, who were already paying GIDC for pipeline infrastructure, could not be burdened again with financing for repayment of Rs101bn loan along with 17 per cent return on assets to be created by the gas companies through these loans. -
Gondwana Breakup Via Double-Saloon-Door Rifting and Seafloor Spreading in a Backarc Basin During Subduction Rollback
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Tectonophysics 445 (2007) 245–272 www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Gondwana breakup via double-saloon-door rifting and seafloor spreading in a backarc basin during subduction rollback A.K. Martin Repsol YPF Exploración, Al Fattan Plaza, PO Box 35700, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Received 2 February 2007; received in revised form 4 July 2007; accepted 21 August 2007 Available online 28 August 2007 Abstract A model has been developed where two arc-parallel rifts propagate in opposite directions from an initial central location during backarc seafloor spreading and subduction rollback. The resultant geometry causes pairs of terranes to simultaneously rotate clockwise and counterclockwise like the motion of double-saloon-doors about their hinges. As movement proceeds and the two terranes rotate, a gap begins to extend between them, where a third rift initiates and propagates in the opposite direction to subduction rollback. Observations from the Oligocene to Recent Western Mediterranean, the Miocene to Recent Carpathians, the Miocene to Recent Aegean and the Oligocene to Recent Caribbean point to a two-stage process. Initially, pairs of terranes comprising a pre-existing retro-arc fold thrust belt and magmatic arc rotate about poles and accrete to adjacent continents. Terrane docking reduces the width of the subduction zone, leading to a second phase during which subduction to strike-slip transitions initiate. The clockwise rotated terrane is caught up in a dextral strike-slip zone, whereas the counterclockwise rotated terrane is entrained in a sinistral strike-slip fault system. The likely driving force is a pair of rotational torques caused by slab sinking and rollback of a curved subduction hingeline. -
Ocean Drilling Program Leg 181 Scientific Prospectus
OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM LEG 181 SCIENTIFIC PROSPECTUS SOUTHWEST PACIFIC GATEWAYS Dr. Robert M. Carter Dr. I.N. McCave Co-Chief Scientist Co-Chief Scientist Department of Geology Department of Earth Sciences James Cook University University of Cambridge Townsville Downing Street QLD 4811 Cambridge CB2 3EQ Australia United Kingdom Dr. Carl Richter Staff Scientist Ocean Drilling Program Texas A&M University Research Park 1000 Discovery Drive College Station, Texas 77845-9547 U.S.A. ___________________ __________________ Jack Baldauf Carl Richter Deputy Director Leg Project Manager of Science Operations Science Services ODP/TAMU ODP/TAMU March 1998 Material in this publication may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, educational, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any portion requires the written consent of the Director, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University Research Park, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station, Texas 77845-9547, U.S.A., as well as appropriate acknowledgment of this source. Scientific Prospectus No. 81 First Printing 1998 Distribution Electronic copies of this publication may be obtained from the ODP Publications Home Page on the World Wide Web at http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications. D I S C L A I M E R This publication was prepared by the Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, as an account of work performed under the international Ocean Drilling Program, which is managed by Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation. -
JOIDES Resolution Expedition 361 (Southern African Climates) Site
IODP Expedition 361: Southern African Climates Site U1475 Summary Background and Objectives Site U1475 is located on the southwestern flank of Agulhas Plateau (41°25.61′S, 25°15.64′E), ~450 nmi south of Port Elizabeth, South Africa, in a water depth of 2669 mbsl. The Agulhas Plateau, which was formed during the early stages of the opening of the South Atlantic about 90 Ma (Parsiegla et al., 2008), is a major bathymetric high that is variably coated with sediments (Uenzelmann Neben, 2001). The 230,000 km2 plateau, which ascends up to ~2500 m above the adjacent seafloor, is bounded on the north by the 4700 m deep Agulhas Passage and is flanked by the Agulhas Basin in the west and the Transkei Basin in the northeast. The northern part of the plateau is characterized by rugged topography, while the central and southern part of the plateau exhibits a relatively smooth topography (Allen and Tucholke, 1981) and has greater sediment thickness (Uenzelmann Neben, 2001). A strong water mass transport flows across the Agulhas Plateau region (Macdonald, 1993), which involves the water column from the surface down to Upper Circumpolar Deep Water. The hydrography of the upper ocean is dominated by the Agulhas Return Current, which comprises the component of the Agulhas Current that is not leaked to the South Atlantic Ocean but rather flows eastwards from the retroflection (Lutjeharms and Ansorge, 2001). Antarctic Intermediate Water, below the Agulhas Return Current, also follows the same flow path near South Africa as the Agulhas Current showing a similar retroflection (Lutjeharms, 1996). -
The Shatsky Rise Oceanic Plateau Structure from Two-Dimensional Multichannel Seismic Refl Ection Profi Les and Implications for Oceanic Plateau Formation
Downloaded from specialpapers.gsapubs.org on June 2, 2015 The Geological Society of America Special Paper 511 2015 The Shatsky Rise oceanic plateau structure from two-dimensional multichannel seismic refl ection profi les and implications for oceanic plateau formation Jinchang Zhang* William W. Sager† Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA Jun Korenaga Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA ABSTRACT The Shatsky Rise is one of the largest oceanic plateaus, a class of volcanic fea- tures whose formation is poorly understood. It is also a plateau that was formed near spreading ridges, but the connection between the two features is unclear. The geologic structure of the Shatsky Rise can help us understand its formation. Deeply penetrating two-dimensional (2-D) multichannel seismic (MCS) refl ection profi les were acquired over the southern half of the Shatsky Rise, and these data allow us to image its upper crustal structure with unprecedented detail. Synthetic seismo- grams constructed from core and log data from scientifi c drilling sites crossed by the MCS lines establish the seismic response to the geology. High-amplitude basement refl ections result from the transition between sediment and underlying igneous rock. Intrabasement refl ections are caused by alternations of lava fl ow packages with dif- fering properties and by thick interfl ow sediment layers. MCS profi les show that two of the volcanic massifs within the Shatsky Rise are immense central volcanoes. The Tamu Massif, the largest (~450 km × 650 km) and oldest (ca. 145 Ma) volcano, is a single central volcano with a rounded shape and shallow fl ank slopes (<0.5°–1.5°), characterized by lava fl ows emanating from the volcano center and extending hun- dreds of kilometers down smooth, shallow fl anks to the surrounding seafl oor. -
SECTION 2 Famous Explorers
SECTION 2 Famous Explorers 27 Listen to the dialogue. PRONUNCIATION FOCUS Complete the sentence. 29 Listen, repeat and remember. Liza and Roy are going to see ... • a) a comedy about the participants of the Christopher Columbus, Sir Francis festival. Drake, James Cook • b) a detective film about life in Central North America, Central America, America. Australia • India, New Zealand, Spain, France, c) an adventure film about Christopher England Columbus. • the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic 28 Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the South- Read the three definitions ern Ocean of the word an ‘explorer’. Choose • the Hawaiian Islands and read the correct one. An explorer is a person who travels to ... a) unknown places to find out some facts about them. b) different places to find gold and silver there. c) various places to find new friends there. 30 Read the information from the EC website about famous explorers. Answer the questions from the text using the facts in the table. There have been many great explorers in the world. Do you know any of them? What were their names? What countries are they from? What did they do? This page of the website provides a list of names of some famous explorers. You can also find here information about their lives, including personal details, key events, some maps and pictures and other information about these great people. 150 SECTION 2 UNIT 4 Section 2 Names of explorers Their trips Marco Polo (1254—1324) reached China and made Italy (Venice) a detailed description of his travel Afanasy Nikitin (died in 1475) travelled from Russia to Russia India; described his trip in the book ‘The Journey Beyond Three Seas’ Christopher Columbus (1451—1506) discovered the New Italy World (Central America) Ferdinand Magellan (1480—1521) organised the first Portugal successful round-the- world trip (from Europe sailing East) James Cook (1728—1779) studied New Zealand England and Australia LOOK AND LEARN! 31 Do you know any other famous explorers? Say what they discovered.