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Envoy When in the Spring of 2015 I started on the editing of this book, it was out of dissatisfaction. The definitive book on my life-long Nkoya research (‘Our Drums Are Always On My Mind’, in press (a)) only required some tedious up- dating for which I lacked the inspiration, and my ongoing ‘Sunda’ empirical research on ‘Rethinking Africa’s transcontinental continuities in pre- and pro- tohistory’, recently enriched by a spell of field-work on the Bamileke Plateau, Cameroon, had reached a break-through. The models of transcontinental inter- action which I had hitherto applied, had turned out to need more rethinking than I had bargained for, and the prospects of bringing out the Nkoya or the Sunda book by the end of the year were thwarted. I thought to remedy this unpleasant situation by quickly compiling a book of my many articles on inter- cultural philosophy. Most of these had already been published and therefore could be expected to be in an accomplished state of textual editing. But I had totally misjudged, both the amount of work involved (given my current stan- dards of perfection), and the centrality this new project was to occupy within the entire scope of my intellectual production. Only gradually did I come to realise what I was really doing: writing my philosophical and Africanist testa- ment, by bringing to bear, upon the original arguments conceived for a phi- losophical audience, the full extent of my comparative empirical research over the last two decades. In this way, what emerged was increasingly a coherent statement on empirically-grounded intercultural philosophy, greatly inspired and intellectually equipped by my philosophical adventure around the Rotter- dam chair of Foundations of Intercultural Philosophy, yet revisiting and reviv- ing the methods and theories of my original training, research and teaching as an anthropologist. The book has thus become a passionate if vicarious dialogue with African and European philosophers and anthropologists on the possibility and the requirements of valid transcontinental intercultural knowledge. It brings out my life-long conviction that anthropological participant observation, humbly, receptively and patiently living the life of the host community, learn- 649 VICARIOUS REFLECTIONS ing its language and culture, remains the most effective and convincing method for such knowledge construction. Both anthropology and philosophy are in the first place text production. Writ- ing constitutes the decisive act of research (van Binsbergen 2014c: 62). It amounts to the invention of a language, whose concepts and syntactically un- derpinned relationships are at the heart of the scholarly endeavour. Of the un- expectedly excessive amount of time gone into the production of this book, two months full-time were spent on compiling (with all editorial implications) the two indexes with which it is now to conclude. They sum up, more comprehen- sively and conspicuously than the 650 preceding pages, the language that I have developed and wish to share at the end of my career. These indexes constitute the ultimate empirical grounding of the many things I have to say. Dozens of short descriptive essays (‘text blocks’), and a full bibliography, provide new and convincing underpinning of the flow of philosophical, theoretical and ethno- graphic argument as rendered in detail in the indexes. Although occasionally I could not help touching on the piquant institutional and personal details of my intellectual adventures since 1995, this book is not about the settling of pending accounts, but (at least, that is what I hope) about the emergence of a truly comprehensive, interdisciplinary, historicising, global and counter-hegemonic vision of the world – as viewed from its historical heart and origin, Africa. 650 Index of authors Here follows an exhaustive listing of all authors whose works are cited in the present book. Per entry, after surname and given name, first appear the relevant main-text page numbers in as- cending order, followed by the relevant footnote page numbers , likewise in ascending order – e.g. : Adams, Peter, 13, 35-36, 377, 45n-46n, 553n – regardless of the actual footnote numbers . Surnames preceded by a prefix such as ‘de’, ‘von’, ‘van’ appear under that prefix. Co-authors are exclusively listed under the first author as declared in the title of the publication concerned. Some authors also appear, with further details, in the General index , below, and there are marked by #. cf. = ‘compare, see also’; q.v. = ‘see there’; passim = ‘does occur frequently but no specific pages listed’; i.e. = ‘that is’; – = ‘insert the entry’s key word’; # = cf. Index of authors Alberuni, 475n Anderson-Levitt, Kathryn M., 116n Abdel-Malek, Anouar, 418 Albright, William Foxwell, 32, Angas, G.F., 447n Abimbola, Wande, 484, 108n, 240n, 528n Anidjar, Gil, 224n c 343n, 506n al- Arabi, 214 Ankermann, B., 454n Abimbola, Wande, & Hallen, Alexander, Ray, 52, 47n, 247n; cf . Anselm, St, 394 Barry, 506n Simons Anthias, E., & Yuval-Davis, N., 282n Abu Maar, 257, 257n al-Ġaznawi, 257n Apollodorus, 28, 397, 22n, 196n, 456n Abusch, T., & van der Toorn, K., Al-GHaznawi, see al-Ġaznawi Apollonius Rhodius, 414n, 456n 201n al-Hindi, see Ṭum ṭum Apostel, L., 108n Achebe, Chinua, 118, 405 Alighieri, see Dante Appadurai, A., 105-107, 357, 403, Achenbaum, A.W., 520 al-Jili, 214 405, 275n, 356n, 438n Achenbaum, A.W., & Orwoll, L., Allegro, J.M., 455 Appiah, K.A., 403, 405, 417, 464, 528n Alliez, E., 331n 8n, 405n, 465n Achterberg, Gerrit, 54, 329, 327n Almeder, R., 115n Apter, A., 104 Adedeji, J., 506n Alpers, E.A., 274n, 277n Apthorpe, R.J., 396n, 454n Adelaar, A., 26 Althusser, Louis, 359-360, 405-406 Aquinas, St Thomas, 114, 397 Adjaye, J.K., 502n Alverson, H., 116 Archimedes, 478, 218n, 313n Adkins, A.W.H., 11n Amadiume, I., 407n Ardelt, M., 520, 522n, 524n Adler, M., 22n Ames, Roger T., & Hall, David L., 534n Arendt, Hannah, 300, 240n Adler, Mortimer J., 526 Ameve, K., 531n Aristoteles, Aristotle, 36, 50, 56-57, Adorno, T.W., 312n Amougou, Jean-Bertrand, 57, 371, 65-66, 102-103, 114, 214, 227, 235, Aerts, D., 515n 378, 380, 371n, 515n 260, 262, 289-293, 302, 306, 308, Agarwal, A., & Narain, S., 522n Amselle, J.-L., 421-422, 421n-422n, 447n 312-313, 315-317, 320, 356-357, 377, Agassi, J., 89n Anati, E., 274n 395, 397, 469, 478, 506, 519-520, Agrippa, H. Cornelius, 333, 333n Anaxagoras, 260 522, 526, 531, 536, 543, 37n, 103n, Aguessy, H., 341, 454n Anaximander, 226 114n, 291n-293n, 302n, 305n, Ajayi, B., 506n Anaximenes, 469, 469n 316n, 469n, 520n Akiwowo, Akinsola, 108n, 343n Andersen, L., 510n Armstrong, K., 236n, Albee, Edward, 175n Anderson, Bernhard W., 11n Armstrong, W.E., 454n Arnaiz-Villena, A., Dimitroski, K., Bell, R.H., 417 Dianne M., 151n Pacho, A., Moscoso, J., Gómez- Bengtson, J.D., & Ruhlen, M., 10, Bonin, W., 513n Casado, E., Silvera-Redondo, C., 25-26 Bonnafé, P., 348n Varela, P., Blagoevska, M., ben-Jochanan, Y.A.A., 425 Bonnet, H., 21n, 420n, 556n Zdravkovska, V., & Martínez- Benoit, P., 32 Bonser, W., 33 Laso, J., 19n, 516n Benveniste, E., 227, 229, 390, 231n, Bonte, P., 253n Aromolaran, A., 108n, 343n, 506n 227n, 390n Borger, R., 498n Arthur, R.H., 530 Berglund, A.-I., 33 Borghouts, J.F., 144n Asad, T., 467, 177n Bergmann, F.G., 9 Bottéro, J., 508 Asante, M.K., 373, 270n Bergson, Henri, 226, 233, 224n Bouché-Leclercq, A., 508 Ashton, Paul, Bartlett, A.J., & Berkes, F., Colding, J., & Folke, C., 522n Bourdieu, P., 336 Clemens, Justin, 14n Berlinerblau, J., 270n, 404n, 425n Bourgeois, A., 407 Assefa, H., 550n Bernabé, Alberto, 530n Bourgignon, E., 274n Assmann, A., 524n Bernal, John Desmond, 466, 466n Bourriaud, N., 366 Assmann, J., 275n Bernal, Martin Gardiner, 7, 30, 54- Bowen, E. Smith [ ps. of Laura Atchley, Robert C., 524n 55, 231, 293, 314, 373, 406-407, Bohannan ], 169 Atz, B.K., 364-365 410, 412, 474, 531, 11n, 19n, 26n, Bowler, P., 447n Augé, M., 260, 342-343, 343n, 348n 34n, 144n, 273n, 293n-294n, Bowles, Samuel, & Gintis, Herbert, Augustine, St, 40, 114, 195, 201, 234, 406n, 465n-466n, 535n 535n 260, 427, 516n Bernard-Donals, M., & Glejzer, Boyce, M., 202n Austin, J.L., 167, 104n R.R., 291n Bratton, M., 309n Aya, R., 359n Bernasconi, Robert,338, 520n Braun, Lucien, 389 Bachman, J., 10 Bernouilli, J., 329 Brenner, Louis, 66-67, 388n Badawy, A., 252n Bernstein, B., 229n Breuil, Abbé Henri, 495n Badiou, Alain, 14n, 220n Berreman, G.D., 175 Breuil, Abbé Henri, Lothe, H., & le Baetens Beardmore, H., 25, 68, 521n Berve, H., 510n Col. Brenans, 499n Bagalwa-Mapatano, J., 362n Bessel, Wilhelm, 59n Brier, B., 513n, 551n Baigent, M., & Leigh, R., 219 Best, S., 329n Broad, C.D., 513n Bailey, A.W., 158n Betegh, Gábor, 530n Brockway, L.H., 473n Bailey, F.G., 339n Bethe, C.W.,522n Broers, Peter D.H., 51, 195, 432, 62n Baker, G.P., & Hacker, P.M.S., 115n Bewaji, Tunde J.A.I.,108n, 506n Brooke, Alan England, McLean, Bakhtiar, L., 524n Bewaji, Tunde J.A.I., & Ramose, Norman, & Thackeray, Henry Bal, Willy, 424n M.B., 51, 216n, 301n St. John, 529n Baldry, H.C., 11 Bhabha, H.K., 315n Brown, Alexandra R., 528n Balick, M.J., 523 Bhagwandin, Vinod, 64 Brown, B., 530 Baltes, P.B., 520 Bierens de Haan, J.D., 292n Brown, D.E., 10, 31, 486, 555, 147n, Baltes, P.B., & Freund, A.M., 524n Bilgrami, A., 512n, 551n 202n Baltes, P.B., Glueck, J., & Birket-Smith, K., 495 Brown, J.T., 31, 196 Kunzmann, U., 524n Black, M., 229n Brown, L.M., 329n Baltes, P.B., Smith. J., Staudinger, Blacking, J., 116n Brown, N.O., 348n U.M., & Sowarka, D., 524n Blanchard-Fields, F., Brannan, J.R., Brown, R., 356n Banton, M., 96n & Camp, C.J., 524n Brown, Robert, 332 Barber, K., & Farias, P.F.
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  • Greek Color Theory and the Four Elements [Full Text, Not Including Figures] J.L

    Greek Color Theory and the Four Elements [Full Text, Not Including Figures] J.L

    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Greek Color Theory and the Four Elements Art July 2000 Greek Color Theory and the Four Elements [full text, not including figures] J.L. Benson University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/art_jbgc Benson, J.L., "Greek Color Theory and the Four Elements [full text, not including figures]" (2000). Greek Color Theory and the Four Elements. 1. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/art_jbgc/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Art at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Greek Color Theory and the Four Elements by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cover design by Jeff Belizaire ABOUT THIS BOOK Why does earlier Greek painting (Archaic/Classical) seem so clear and—deceptively— simple while the latest painting (Hellenistic/Graeco-Roman) is so much more complex but also familiar to us? Is there a single, coherent explanation that will cover this remarkable range? What can we recover from ancient documents and practices that can objectively be called “Greek color theory”? Present day historians of ancient art consistently conceive of color in terms of triads: red, yellow, blue or, less often, red, green, blue. This habitude derives ultimately from the color wheel invented by J.W. Goethe some two centuries ago. So familiar and useful is his system that it is only natural to judge the color orientation of the Greeks on its basis. To do so, however, assumes, consciously or not, that the color understanding of our age is the definitive paradigm for that subject.
  • Read This Article (PDF)

    Read This Article (PDF)

    Essays in the Philosophy of Humanism Published on behalf of the American Humanist Association and The Institute for Humanist Studies Essays in the Philosophy of Humanism Editor John R. Shook, American Humanist Association Consulting Editor Anthony Pinn, Rice University, USA Editorial Board Louise Antony, University of Massachusetts, USA; Arthur Caplan, New York University, USA; Patricia Churchland, University of California, USA; Franz de Waal, Emory University, USA; Peter Derkx, University of Humanistics, Netherlands; Greg Epstein, Harvard University, USA; Owen Flanagan, Duke University, USA; James Giordano, Georgetown University, USA; Rebecca Goldstein, USA; Anthony Clifford Grayling, New College of the Humanities, United Kingdom; Susan Hansen, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Jennifer Michael Hecht, USA; Marian Hillar, Houston Humanists, USA; Sikivu Hutchinson, Los Angeles County Commission on Human Relations, USA; Philip Kitcher, Columbia University, USA; Stephen Law, University of London, United Kingdom; Cathy Legg, University of Waikato, New Zealand; Jonathan Moreno, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Stephen Pinker, Harvard University, USA; Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Purdue University, USA; Michael Shermer, The Skeptics Society, USA; Alistair J. Sinclair, Centre for Dualist Studies, United Kingdom; Stan van Hooft, Deakin University, Australia; Judy Walker, USA; Sharon Welch, Meadville Theological Seminary, USA Essays in the Philosophy of Humanism publishes scholarly papers concerning philosophical, historical, or interdisciplinary aspects of humanism, or that deal with the application of humanist principles to problems of everyday life. EPH encourages the exploration of aspects and applications of humanism, in the broadest sense of “philosophical” as a search for self-understanding, life wisdom, and improvement to the human condition. The topic of humanism is also understood to embrace its thoughtful manifestations across the widest breadth of cultures and historical periods, and non-western perspectives are encouraged.