brain sciences Article Modulation of Fibers to Motor Cortex during Thalamic DBS in Tourette Patients Correlates with Tic Reduction Pablo Andrade 1,* , Petra Heiden 1,2, Moritz Hoevels 1, Marc Schlamann 3, Juan C. Baldermann 4,5, Daniel Huys 4 and Veerle Visser-Vandewalle 1 1 Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, 50397 Cologne, Germany;
[email protected] (P.H.);
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[email protected] (V.V.-V.) 2 Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, 50397 Cologne, Germany 3 Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, 50397 Cologne, Germany;
[email protected] 4 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, 50397 Cologne, Germany;
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[email protected] (D.H.) 5 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, 50397 Cologne, Germany * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +49-221-478-82737; Fax: +49-221-478-82824 Received: 12 April 2020; Accepted: 11 May 2020; Published: 15 May 2020 Abstract: Probabilistic tractography in Tourette syndrome (TS) patients have shown an alteration in the connectivity of the primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area with the striatum and thalamus, suggesting an abnormal connectivity of the cortico-striatum-thalamocortical-pathways in TS. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the centromedian nucleus–nucleus ventrooralis internus (CM-Voi complex) in the thalamus is an effective treatment for refractory TS patients. We investigated the connectivity of activated fibers from CM-Voi to the motor cortex and its correlation between these projections and their clinical outcome.