Vestibular Interactions in the Thalamus
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Optogenetic Fmri Interrogation of Brain-Wide Central Vestibular Pathways
Optogenetic fMRI interrogation of brain-wide central vestibular pathways Alex T. L. Leonga,b, Yong Guc, Ying-Shing Chand, Hairong Zhenge, Celia M. Donga,b, Russell W. Chana,b, Xunda Wanga,b, Yilong Liua,b, Li Hai Tanf, and Ed X. Wua,b,d,g,1 aLaboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; bDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; cInstitute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; dSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; eShenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; fCenter for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518057, China; and gState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China Edited by Marcus E. Raichle, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, and approved March 20, 2019 (received for review July 20, 2018) Blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI (fMRI) constitutes a multisensory integration process in the vestibular system is op- powerful neuroimaging technology to map brain-wide functions tokinetic nystagmus, whereby visual cues are used to induce in response to specific sensory or cognitive tasks. However, fMRI compensatory reflexive eye movements to maintain a stable gaze mapping of the vestibular system, which is pivotal for our sense of while moving (11, 12). These eye movements involve inputs from balance, poses significant challenges. -
Direct Projections from Cochlear Nuclear Complex to Auditory Thalamus in the Rat
The Journal of Neuroscience, December 15, 2002, 22(24):10891–10897 Direct Projections from Cochlear Nuclear Complex to Auditory Thalamus in the Rat Manuel S. Malmierca,1 Miguel A. Mercha´n,1 Craig K. Henkel,2 and Douglas L. Oliver3 1Laboratory for the Neurobiology of Hearing, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y Leo´ n and Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain, 2Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1010, and 3University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Neuroscience, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3401 It is known that the dorsal cochlear nucleus and medial genic- inferior colliculus and are widely distributed within the medial ulate body in the auditory system receive significant inputs from division of the medial geniculate, suggesting that the projection somatosensory and visual–motor sources, but the purpose of is not topographic. As a nonlemniscal auditory pathway that such inputs is not totally understood. Moreover, a direct con- parallels the conventional auditory lemniscal pathway, its func- nection of these structures has not been demonstrated, be- tions may be distinct from the perception of sound. Because cause it is generally accepted that the inferior colliculus is an this pathway links the parts of the auditory system with prom- obligatory relay for all ascending input. In the present study, we inent nonauditory, multimodal inputs, it may form a neural have used auditory neurophysiology, double labeling with an- network through which nonauditory sensory and visual–motor terograde tracers, and retrograde tracers to investigate the systems may modulate auditory information processing. -
Title the Human Vestibular Cortex
medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.22.21260061; this version posted July 24, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license . Title The human vestibular cortex: functional anatomy, connectivity and the effect of vestibular disease Abbreviated title Human vestibular cortex functional anatomy Author names and affiliations Richard T. Ibitoye1,2, Emma-Jane Mallas1,3, Niall J. Bourke1, Diego Kaski4, Adolfo M. Bronstein2, David J. Sharp1,3,5 1. Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK. 2. Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK. 3. UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research & Technology Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK 4. Department of Clinical and Motor Neurosciences, Centre for Vestibular and Behavioural Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK 5. Centre for Injury Studies, Imperial College London, London, UK Corresponding authors [email protected]; [email protected] Page/Word Counts Number of pages = 36 Number of figures = 7 Tables = 1 Number of words for Abstract = 249 Number of words for Introduction = 575 Number of words for Discussion = 1373 Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. Acknowledgements This work was supported by funding from the UK Medical Research Council (MR/J004685/1), the Dunhill Medical Trust (R481/0516) and the Imperial National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre. -
MRI Atlas of the Human Deep Brain Jean-Jacques Lemaire
MRI Atlas of the Human Deep Brain Jean-Jacques Lemaire To cite this version: Jean-Jacques Lemaire. MRI Atlas of the Human Deep Brain. 2019. hal-02116633 HAL Id: hal-02116633 https://hal.uca.fr/hal-02116633 Preprint submitted on 1 May 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License MRI ATLAS of the HUMAN DEEP BRAIN Jean-Jacques Lemaire, MD, PhD, neurosurgeon, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA, France This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. Terminologia Foundational Model Terminologia MRI Deep Brain Atlas NeuroNames (ID) neuroanatomica usages, classical and french terminologies of Anatomy (ID) Anatomica 1998 (ID) 2017 http://fipat.library.dal.ca In -
Auditory and Vestibular Systems Objective • to Learn the Functional
Auditory and Vestibular Systems Objective • To learn the functional organization of the auditory and vestibular systems • To understand how one can use changes in auditory function following injury to localize the site of a lesion • To begin to learn the vestibular pathways, as a prelude to studying motor pathways controlling balance in a later lab. Ch 7 Key Figs: 7-1; 7-2; 7-4; 7-5 Clinical Case #2 Hearing loss and dizziness; CC4-1 Self evaluation • Be able to identify all structures listed in key terms and describe briefly their principal functions • Use neuroanatomy on the web to test your understanding ************************************************************************************** List of media F-5 Vestibular efferent connections The first order neurons of the vestibular system are bipolar cells whose cell bodies are located in the vestibular ganglion in the internal ear (NTA Fig. 7-3). The distal processes of these cells contact the receptor hair cells located within the ampulae of the semicircular canals and the utricle and saccule. The central processes of the bipolar cells constitute the vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear (VIIIth cranial) nerve. Most of these primary vestibular afferents enter the ipsilateral brain stem inferior to the inferior cerebellar peduncle to terminate in the vestibular nuclear complex, which is located in the medulla and caudal pons. The vestibular nuclear complex (NTA Figs, 7-2, 7-3), which lies in the floor of the fourth ventricle, contains four nuclei: 1) the superior vestibular nucleus; 2) the inferior vestibular nucleus; 3) the lateral vestibular nucleus; and 4) the medial vestibular nucleus. Vestibular nuclei give rise to secondary fibers that project to the cerebellum, certain motor cranial nerve nuclei, the reticular formation, all spinal levels, and the thalamus. -
Use of Calcium-Binding Proteins to Map Inputs in Vestibular Nuclei of the Gerbil
THE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 386:317–327 (1997) Use of Calcium-Binding Proteins to Map Inputs in Vestibular Nuclei of the Gerbil GOLDA ANNE KEVETTER* AND ROBERT B. LEONARD Departments of Otolaryngology, Anatomy and Neurosciences, and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555 ABSTRACT We wished to determine whether calbindin and/or calretinin are appropriate markers for vestibular afferents, a population of neurons in the vestibular nuclear complex, or cerebellar Purkinje inputs. To accomplish this goal, immunocytochemical staining was observed in gerbils after lesions of the vestibular nerve central to the ganglion, the cerebellum, or both. Eleven to fourteen days after recovery, the brain was processed for immunocytochemical identification of calretinin and calbindin. After lesion of the vestibular nerve, no calretinin staining was seen in any of the vestibular nuclei except for a population of intrinsic neurons, which showed no obvious change in number or staining pattern. Calbindin staining was reduced in all nuclei except the dorsal part of the lateral vestibular nuclei. The density of staining of each marker, measured in the magnocellular medial vestibular nucleus, was signifi- cantly reduced. After the cerebellar lesion, no differences in calretinin staining were noted. However, calbindin staining was greatly reduced in all nuclei. The density of staining, measured in the caudal medial vestibular nucleus, was significantly lower. After a combined lesion of the cerebellum and vestibular nerve, the distribution and density of calretinin staining resembled that after vestibular nerve section alone, whereas calbindin staining was no longer seen. This study demonstrates that calretinin and calbindin are effective markers for the identification of vestibular afferents. -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Mediodorsal, Pulvinar, and Centromedian Nuclei of the Thalamus in Patients with Schizophrenia
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Mediodorsal, Pulvinar, and Centromedian Nuclei of the Thalamus in Patients With Schizophrenia Eileen M. Kemether, MD; Monte S. Buchsbaum, MD; William Byne, MD, PhD; Erin A. Hazlett, PhD; Mehmet Haznedar, MD; Adam M. Brickman, MPhil; Jimcy Platholi, MA; Rachel Bloom Background: Postmortem and magnetic resonance im- reduced in all 3 nuclei; differences in relative reduction aging (MRI) data have suggested volume reductions in did not differ among the nuclei. The remainder of the the mediodorsal (MDN) and pulvinar nuclei (PUL) of the thalamic volume (whole thalamus minus the volume of thalamus. The centromedian nucleus (CMN), impor- the 3 delineated nuclei) was not different between schizo- tant in attention and arousal, has not been previously stud- phrenic patients and controls, indicating that the vol- ied with MRI. ume reduction was specific to these nuclei. Volume rela- tive to brain size was reduced in all 3 nuclei and remained Methods: A sample of 41 patients with schizophrenia significant when only patients who had never been ex- (32 men and 9 women) and 60 healthy volunteers (45 posed to neuroleptic medication (n=15) were consid- men and 15 women) underwent assessment with high- ered. For the MDN, women had larger relative volumes resolution 1.2-mm thick anatomical MRI. Images were than men among controls, but men had larger volumes differentiated to enhance the edges and outline of the than women among schizophrenic patients. whole thalamus, and the MDN, PUL, and CMN were out- lined on all slices by a tracer masked to diagnostic Conclusions: Three association regions of the thala- status. -
Cranial Nerve VIII
Cranial Nerve VIII Color Code Important (The Vestibulo-Cochlear Nerve) Doctors Notes Notes/Extra explanation Please view our Editing File before studying this lecture to check for any changes. Objectives At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to: ✓ List the nuclei related to vestibular and cochlear nerves in the brain stem. ✓ Describe the type and site of each nucleus. ✓ Describe the vestibular pathways and its main connections. ✓ Describe the auditory pathway and its main connections. Due to the difference of arrangement of the lecture between the girls and boys slides we will stick to the girls slides then summarize the pathway according to the boys slides. Ponto-medullary Sulcus (cerebello- pontine angle) Recall: both cranial nerves 8 and 7 emerge from the ventral surface of the brainstem at the ponto- medullary sulcus (cerebello-pontine angle) Brain – Ventral Surface Vestibulo-Cochlear (VIII) 8th Cranial Nerve o Type: Special sensory (SSA) o Conveys impulses from inner ear to nervous system. o Components: • Vestibular part: conveys impulses associated with body posture ,balance and coordination of head & eye movements. • Cochlear part: conveys impulses associated with hearing. o Vestibular & cochlear parts leave the ventral surface* of brain stem through the pontomedullary sulcus ‘at cerebellopontine angle*’ (lateral to facial nerve), run laterally in posterior cranial fossa and enter the internal acoustic meatus along with 7th (facial) nerve. *see the previous slide Auditory Pathway Only on the girls’ slides 04:14 Characteristics: o It is a multisynaptic pathway o There are several locations between medulla and the thalamus where axons may synapse and not all the fibers behave in the same manner. -
Introduction
Journal ofVestibularResearcn, VoL 1, 1~u. L, PP·,, ~~, -- _ Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0957-4271/97 $17.00 + .00 Pll 80957-4271(96)00137-1 Original Contribution AGING AND THE HUMAN VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS Ivan Lopez,* Vicente Honrubia,* and Robert W. Baloh,*t UCLA School of Medicine, *Division of Head and Neck Surgery, tDepartment of Neurology, Los Angeles, California Reprint address: Robert W. Baloh, M.D., Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1769; Tel: (310) 825-5910; Fax: (310) 206-1513 0 Abstract-Degenerative changes during aging Introduction have been identified in the inner ear and in the vestibular nerve, but not in the human vestibular Complaints of dizziness and disequilibrium are nuclear complex (VNC). Therefore, the purpose of extremely common in older people (1). Associ this study was to document quantitative morpho ated falls are a major cause of morbidity and mor metric changes within the VNC in humans as a function of age. The VN C of normal human sub tality (2,3). Age-related morphological changes jects was examined for age-related changes using occur in all of the sensory systems essential for computer-based microscopy. Neuronal counts, nu maintaining balance during locomotion. Neu clear volume, neuronal density, and nuclear roanatomical studies of the peripheral vestibular length of the 4 vestibular nuclei were determined system have documented a significant loss of in 15 normal people, age 40 to 93 years. Based on a hair cells and primary vestibular neurons as a linear model, there was approximately a 3% neu function of age (4,5). -
Vestibular Blueprint in Early Vertebrates
REVIEW ARTICLE published: 19 November 2013 doi: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00182 Vestibular blueprint in early vertebrates Hans Straka 1* and Robert Baker 2 1 Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany 2 Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA Edited by: Central vestibular neurons form identifiable subgroups within the boundaries of classically Catherine Carr, University of outlined octavolateral nuclei in primitive vertebrates that are distinct from those processing Maryland, USA lateral line, electrosensory, and auditory signals. Each vestibular subgroup exhibits Reviewed by: a particular morpho-physiological property that receives origin-specific sensory inputs Leonard Maler, University of Ottawa, Canada from semicircular canal and otolith organs. Behaviorally characterized phenotypes send Joel C. Glover, University of Oslo, discrete axonal projections to extraocular, spinal, and cerebellar targets including other Norway ipsi- and contralateral vestibular nuclei. The anatomical locations of vestibuloocular and *Correspondence: vestibulospinal neurons correlate with genetically defined hindbrain compartments that are Hans Straka, Department Biology II, well conserved throughout vertebrate evolution though some variability exists in fossil and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstr. 2, 82152 extant vertebrate species.The different vestibular subgroups exhibit a robust sensorimotor Planegg, Germany signal processing complemented -
Imaging the Centromedian Thalamic Nucleus Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title Imaging the Centromedian Thalamic Nucleus Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7pm0m9bk Authors Li, Jun Li, Yufei Gutierrez, Lorenzo et al. Publication Date 2019 DOI 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00447 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT published: 09 January 2020 doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00447 Imaging the Centromedian Thalamic Nucleus Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Jun Li 1†, Yufei Li 2†, Lorenzo Gutierrez 2, Wenying Xu 1, Yiwen Wu 3, Chunlei Liu 4,5, Dianyou Li 1, Bomin Sun 1, Chencheng Zhang 1* and Hongjiang Wei 2* 1Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 2Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, 3Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Edited by: China, 4Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United 5 Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora, States, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States University of Florida Health, United States The centromedian (CM) nucleus is an intralaminar thalamic nucleus that is considered as Reviewed by: a potentially effective target of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and ablative surgeries for the Wolf-Julian Neumann, Charité Medical University of Berlin, treatment of multiple neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the structure of Germany CM is invisible on the standard T1- and T2-weighted (T1w and T2w) magnetic resonance Zhijiang Wang, Peking University Sixth Hospital, images, which hamper it as a direct DBS target for clinical applications. -
The Vestibulo-Cochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve 8) (Vestibular & Auditory Pathways)
The Vestibulo-cochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve 8) (Vestibular & Auditory Pathways) By : Prof. Ahmed Fathalla & Dr. Sanaa AlShaarawy OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to: qList the nuclei related to vestibular and cochlear nerves in the brain stem. qDescribe the type and site of each nucleus. qDescribe the vestibular pathways and its main connections. qDescribe the auditory pathway and its main connections. BRAIN – VENTRAL SURFACE Ponto-medullary Sulcus (cerebello- pontine angle) Vestibulo-Cochlear Nerve • Type: Special sensory (SSA) • Conveys impulses from inner ear to nervous system. • Components: § Vestibular part: conveys impulses associated with body posture ,balance and coordination of head & eye movements. § Cochlear part: conveys impulses associated with hearing. • Vestibular & cochlear parts leave the ventral surface of brain stem through the pontomedullary sulcus ‘at crebellopontine angle’ (lateral to facial nerve), run laterally in posterior cranial fossa and enter the internal acoustic meatus along with 7th nerve. Vestibular Nerve • The cell bodies (1st order neurons) are Vestibular nuclei belong to located in the vestibular ganglion special somatic afferent within the internal auditory meatus. column in brain stem. • The Peripheral processes (vestibular nerve fibers) make dendritic contact with hair cells of the membranous labyrinth (inner ear). 2 • The central processes (form the vestibular nerve) ‘’Efferent Fibres’’ : 1. Mostly end up in the lateral, medial, inferior and superior 1 vestibular nuclei (2nd order neurons) of the rostral medulla, located beneath the lateral part of the floor of 4th ventricle 2. Some fibers go to the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle • Other Efferents from the vestibular nuclei project to other regions for the maintenance of balance, conscious awareness of vestibular stimulation , co-ordination of head & eye movements and control the posture.