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Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) © Biologiezentrum Linz, download www.zobodat.at Linzer biol. Beitr. 47/1 749-896 31.7.2015 Zur Kenntnis paläarktischer Cryptus-Arten (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) Martin SCHWARZ A b s t r a c t : Contribution to the knowledge of Palaearctic species of Cryptus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae). In this paper additions to the revision of the western Palaearctic species of the genus Cryptus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) by ROSSEM (1969) are given. In addition the Cryptus species from Central Asia and from Mongolia are revised. New keys to the species occuring in the western Palaearctic region and in Central Asia as well as in Mongolia are provided. For most species new localities are listed. The following new species are described: Cryptus adversus nov.sp. (Kazakhstan), Cryptus borderai nov.sp. (Spain, Italy), Cryptus dentipropodealis nov.sp. (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Lebanon, Morocco), Cryptus duoalbimaculatus nov.sp. (Iran, Turkmenistan, Egypt), Cryptus infinitus nov.sp. (Mongolia), Cryptus informis nov.sp. (Greece, Iran), Cryptus laticlypeatus nov.sp. (Turkey, Tajikistan), Cryptus lobicaudatus nov.sp. (Jordan), Cryptus ludibundus nov.sp. (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), Cryptus magniloquus nov.sp. (Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia), Cryptus mandschui nov.sp. (Mongolia), Cryptus meditatus nov.sp. (Tadshikistan), Cryptus memorandus nov.sp. (Mongolia), Cryptus meticulosus nov.sp. (Mongolia), Cryptus notaulicus nov.sp. (Turkey), Cryptus schenkioides nov.sp. (Turkey), Cryptus spissus nov.sp. (Turkey), Cryptus transversistriatus nov.sp. (Kyrgyzstan), Cryptus turbidus nov.sp. (Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia), Cryptus valesiacus nov.sp. (Switzerland), C. vicinalis nov.sp. (Mongolia) and Cryptus vitreifrontalis nov.sp. (Turkey, ?Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran). For Itamoplex indicum JONATHAN 2000, which is preoccupied in Cryptus, a new name (Cryptus albidentatus nom.nov.) is presented. A lectotype of Cryptus lundbladi ROMAN 1938 is designated. The following new synonyms are introduced: Cryptus medius SZÉPLIGETI, 1916 is a new synonym of Cryptus tjanshanicus KOKUJEV, 1905; Cryptus baeticus SEYRIG, 1928 is a new synonym of Cryptus speciosus TOSQUINET, 1896; Cryptus germari f. nigriventris HABERMEHL, 1918, Cryptus viduatorius f. exannulata HABERMEHL, 1920, Itamoplex viduatorius alboclypeatus CIOCHIA, 1979, Itamoplex viduatorius albopostscutellatus CIOCHIA, 1979, Itamoplex viduatorius antefurcalis CIOCHIA, 1979, Itamoplex viduatorius bilineata CIOCHIA, 1979 and Itamoplex viduatorius rufa CIOCHIA 1979 are new synonyms of Cryptus viduatorius FABRICIUS, 1804. Cryptus arenicola THOMSON, 1873 and Cryptus bolivari KRIECHBAUMER, 1898 are removed from synonymy and treated here as valid species. Descriptions of previously unknown males (or not known with certainty) of several species are given. K e y w o r d s : Ichneumonidae, Cryptus, Palaearctic region, new species, key, distribution © Biologiezentrum Linz, download www.zobodat.at 750 Einleitung Cryptus ist die artenreichste Gattung innerhalb der Cryptini in der Westpaläarktis und wurde von ROSSEM (1969) revidiert. Er führt in seiner Arbeit 27 Arten an, wobei Cryptus italicus GRAVENHORST mittlerweile zu Myrmeleonostenus (TOWNES 1970) und Cryptus attentorius (PANZER) zu Meringopus (SCHWARZ 1990a) gestellt wurden. ROSSEM (1969) behandelt zwei weitere Arten (Cryptus arcticus SCHIØDTE und Cryptus medius SZÉPLIGETI), die nicht in der Westpaläarktis vorkommen. Später hat ROSSEM (1971, 1989) die Cryptus-Arten der Kanarischen Inseln bearbeitet und dabei mehrere Arten und Unterarten neu beschrieben. SCHWARZ (1994) erkennt davon vier Arten, davon zwei mit jeweils zwei Unterarten, als gültig an. Davon ist eine Art in der Westpaläarktis weit verbreitet. Die übrigen sind nach heutigem Kenntnisstand endemisch für die Kanarischen Inseln. Zwischenzeitlich sind nur wenige Publikationen mit taxonomischem Inhalt westpaläarktischer Cryptus-Arten erschienen. Aus Zentralasien hat MALJAVIN (1965, 1967a, 1967b, 1968) eine Reihe von Cryptus- Arten beschrieben und einen Bestimmungsschlüssel erstellt. In seinen Bearbeitungen sind auch die Arten enthalten, die heute zu Buathra, Meringopus und Myrmeleonostenus gestellt werden. Zumindest ein Teil der Typen soll sich in St. Petersburg befinden. Doch ist dieses Material dort nie angekommen (KASPARYAN in litt.). Alle Typen von Maljavin beschriebener Cryptus-Arten sind deshalb verschollen. Es wurde deshalb versucht, seine Arten nach der Beschreibung zu deuten. Angeregt durch das Auffinden neuer Arten im Biologiezentrum in Linz aus der West- paläarktis sowie aus Zentralasien und der Mongolei werden hier Ergänzungen zur Revi- sion der westpaläarktischen Arten durch ROSSEM (1969) gegeben sowie die zentralasiati- schen und mongolischen Arten revidiert. Es werden nachfolgend neue Arten beschrie- ben, nomenklatorische Änderungen vorgenommen, neue Funddaten präsentiert sowie Bestimmungsschlüssel erstellt. Getrennt nach den Geschlechtern werden ein Schlüssel für die westpaläarktischen und zentralasiatischen und ein separater für die mongolischen Arten gegeben. Bei der Auflistung der Funddaten werden entweder nur die Länder ange- führt (vor allem bei mitteleuropäischen Funden) oder die genauen Daten angegeben (Material aus der südlichen Westpaläarktis und aus Asien sowie bei selten gefundenen Arten auch aus Mitteleuropa). Die Abgrenzung von Cryptus von verwandten Gattungen ist nicht immer leicht. TOWNES (1970) trennt die aus Süd- und Ostasien bekannte Gattung Hedycryptus (unter dem Namen Apachia) vor allem anhand der fehlenden Längsleisten am 1. Gastertergit, wodurch dieses zylindrisch ist, von Cryptus ab. In der Westpaläarktis kommen ebenfalls zwei Arten (Cryptus dentipropodealis nov.sp., C. praefortis ROSSEM) vor, deren 1. Gastersegment wie bei Hedycryptus ausgebildet ist, wobei bei der ersteren Art die Längsleisten bei den Männchen vollkommen fehlen, bei den Weibchen aber teilweise ausgebildet sind. Da diese beiden westpaläarktischen Arten vermutlich mit Cryptus- Arten, die am 1. Gastersegment deutliche Längsleisten ausgebildet haben, näher ver- wandt sind als mit den untersuchten Hedycryptus-Arten, werden sie in Cryptus belassen bzw. in dieser Gattung beschrieben. Möglicherweise stellt Hedycryptus lediglich einen morphologisch spezialisierten Zweig von Cryptus dar. Cryptus notaulicus nov.sp. stimmt mit Reptatrix durch die kurzen Notauli und die beim Weibchen in der Mitte etwas verbreiterten und ventral abgeflachten Fühler überein. Ob © Biologiezentrum Linz, download www.zobodat.at 751 zwischen beiden Taxa eine nähere verwandtschaftliche Beziehung besteht oder die Übereinstimmungen Analogien sind, kann hier – vor allem da von Reptatrix kein Mate- rial untersucht wurde – nicht beurteilt werden. In der Mitte verbreiterte und ventral abge- flachte Fühler kommen auch bei Cryptus schenkioides nov.sp. vor. Bei dieser Art sind aber die Notauli lang, wie bei Cryptus üblich. Die Lage der Axillarader ist bei Cryptus variabel. Diese soll nach TOWNES (1970) para- llel zum Flügelhinterrand oder diesem sehr nahe sein, während die Axillarader bei Meringopus vom Flügelhinterrand divergiert. Jedoch kommen auch bei Cryptus Arten vor, bei denen die Axillarader von Flügelhinterrand divergiert. Fast alle Meringopus- Arten besitzen auf der Stirn in der Nähe der Fühleransatzstellen deutliche Gruben, diese können aber selten auch fehlen. Dagegen fehlen diese Gruben bei Cryptus stets. Aller- dings ist es in manchen Fällen schwierig zu erkennen, ob ein Eindruck in diesem Bereich als Grube gewertet werden soll. Unsicher ist die Unterscheidung von Cryptus und Nippocryptus. Nach TOWNES (1970) sind bei Nippocryptus (wie auch bei Caenocryptus) die Stigmen am Propodeum rund oder kuz elliptisch, die subapicalen 0,6 der Mediella schwach gebogen und das 2. Gastertergit beim Weibchen ziemlich dicht behaart. Bei Cryptus können diese Merkmale ebenfalls vorkommen, allerdings ist die Mediella gerade oder annähernd so. Im Gegen- satz zu den Angaben von TOWNES (1970) ist die Mediella bei Nippocryptus vittatorius (JURINE), der Typusart der Gattung Nippocryptus, ebenfalls gerade. Hier werden zu Nippocryptus provisorisch alle Arten gestellt, bei denen die Stigmen am Propodeum kreisrund oder kurz oval, bei den Weibchen das 2. Gastertergit ziemlich dicht behaart und das Mesoscutum eine feine und dichte Skulptur mit deutlicher Körnelung aufweist. Einzelne dieser Merkmale kommen aber auch bei Cryptus vor, aber nicht in dieser Kom- bination. Bei den westpaläarktischen Nippocryptus-Arten ist der Gaster stets schwarz. Möglicherweise stellen die oben diskutierten Gattungen oder einige davon morpho- logisch spezialisierte Gruppen dar, die sich aus Cryptus entwickelt haben, wodurch Cryptus eine paraphylletische Gattung wäre. Vermutlich können zukünftig durch DNA- Untersuchungen die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen besser erkannt werden. Cryptus anniversarius MALJAVIN, 1968, C. fortunatus MALJAVIN, 1968 gehören sehr wahrscheinlich zu Cryptus im heutigen Sinn und konnten nicht interpretiert werden. Von Cryptus mirus KUZIN, 1950 konnte kein Typenmaterial untersucht werden. Nach der Beschreibung könnte es sich um C. inculcator (LINNAEUS) handeln. Diese Taxa werden im Folgenden nicht weiter berücksichtigt. Bestimmungsschlüssel für die westpaläarktischen und zentralasiatischen Cryptus-Arten Key to the western Palaearctic and Central Asian species of Cryptus && 1 Stirn mit je einem auffallenden dorsoventralen Wulst oberhalb der Fühlerbasen (Abb. 92); Gaster überwiegend orange; Legebohrer gerade; Bohrerklappen 0,8-1,2-mal so
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