DOCSLIB.ORG

UNU/IOC/UNESCO Workshop on International Co-Operation in The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UNU/IOC/UNESCO Workshop on International Co-Operation in The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Workshop report No. 32 - supplement Papers submitted to the UNU/IOC/UNESCOWorkshop on International Co-operation in the Development of Marine Science and the Transfer of Techtïobgy in the context of the New Ocean Regime Paris, 27 September - 1 October 1982 The Summary Report of the UNU/IOC/Unesco Workshop on International Co-operation in the Development of Marine Science and the Transfer of Technology in the Context of the new Ocean Regime was issued as IOC Workshop Report No. 32. This Supplement contains the papers presented at the Workshop, J I CONTENTS page FOREWORD 1-2 PAPERS PRESENTED A General Eeview of the New Convention on the Law of 3 - 35 the Sea Having a Bearing on Marine Science and Its Application Alexander YANKOV International Cooperation in Marine Scientific Research 36 - 57 and in the Development and Transfer of Marine Science and Technology in the Convention of the Law of the Sea with Particular Reference to the Attention Paid to the knterests of Developing Countries Maria Eduarda GONÇALVES Convention of the Law of the Sea and the New International 58 - 72 Economic Order René Jean DUPUY' Creating Favourable Condit ions for the International 73 - 88 Cooperation for the Transfer of Marine Science and Technology in the Context of the New Ocean Regime Agustin AYALA-CASTANARES New Ocean Regime and Marine Scientific Research S9 - 113 Syed Zahoor QASIM Flow of Scientific Data and Information and the Transfer 114- 122 of Knowledge to Developing Countries Geoffrey KESTEVEN Developing the Marine Scientific and Technological 130- 149 Capacity of States Inocencio RONQUILLO Ulf LIE Promoting Marine Scientific Research Centres and Networks 150 159 Sidney HOLT The IO1 Training Programme on the Management and 160 - 173 Conservation of Marine Resources: A Case Study Elizabeth MANN BORGESE LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 174 -177 -1- FOREWORD The Convention adopted by the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) defines a new international regime inter alia for use of the ocean and its resources. It codifies the need for-- ensuring that such use is peaceful, that resources are equitably and efficiently utilized, that the marine environment is studied, monitored and protected, and that its living resources are conserved. The Convention is thus a contribution to the realization of a new, more just and equitable inter- national economic and social order, which would meet the interests of mankind as a whole - including both present and future generations - with particular attention to the interests of people in the more disadvantagd countries. Scientific research is regarded as an essential açtivity under the new regime. By leading us to a better understanding of the nature of the ocean, of the natural processes in and affecting it and of the resources it contains, marine science provides a basis for resource development and better management of human activities in or affecting the ocean. It is also, of course, the source of the new technologies for exploring, using and monitoring the oceans, their quality and resources. Given an appropriate legal regime, States nevertheless ris being frustrated in their aspirations to explore and use the ocean, and to do so in accordance with the principles established. The capacity of many of them to participate in marine research is quite inadequate; they are conscious of their lack of specialists and of appropriate infrastructures concerning marine science and technology. Many States still have very limited access even to existing data pols, as well as to instruments. Such States face difficulties in analyzing and evaluating for their purposes relevant information to which they may, in theory, have access. The Convention reflects an awareness of these problems. It encourages States to co-operate with one another in the development and transfer of marine science and technology. This co-operation can, in principle, be effected both directly and through competent international organizations. There are many ways of doing this, and the most effective ones must be sought in each case. But it is universally agreed that among the means available the conduct of international programmes and the establishment of both a comprehensive network of national research and service centres and international centres are very important. Several international organizations are currently engaged in promoting those means of co-operation in science and technology transfer. Those organizations of the United Nations System which work together through the Inter-secretariat Committee on Scientific Programmes Relating to Oceanography (ICSPRO) need particular mention in this regard, they are: the UN, Unesco, FAO, WO and IMO. Some others, notably UNEP and IAEA, also have an interest in certain aspects of marine science and technology. The IûC is acting as the joint specialized mechanism of the five first mentioned organizations as far as is concerned, thus playing a central role in and co-ordinates scientific research programmes, and services. These services, it should be noted, include exchanges of oceanographic data (IODE), and -2- aquatic sciences and fisheries (ASFIS). ICC also has had for several years a special parallel programme for training, education and mùtual assistance (TEMA) among States. More recent than recognition of needs for access to information and for availability of scientific and technical skills has been the awareness that a key to progress in marine science is .the existence of appropriate national infrastructures. This awareness has emergsd from many years of experience in the world- wide development of marine science and the conduct of international activities. But it has been greatly sharpened by the discussions in ü'NCLûS and concurrent consideration in the governing bodies of ICE - its Assembly and its Executive Council. Accordingly, the IOC has adopted a Comprehensive Plan to assist its Member States in developing their national capabilities for marine science and ocean services. This has the dual objective of directly helping the developing states with limited or no capacity to achieve their goals in ocean affairs, whatever those may specifically be, and of facilitating their participation in international activities - to the same end, eventually. The Plan is intended also to help participation in international activities, parti- cularly those undertaken within the framework of the IûC itself. In the matter of developing national infrastructures, Unesco's Division of Marine Sciences'naturallyplays a complementary role. In identifying and elaborating the ways to improved co-operation, and particularly more effective transfer of marine science and technology, free and concentrated debate is timely. The Workshop, the proceedings of which are reported here, provided an informal forum for such debate. The nature of the subject is such that the involvement of the United Nations University (üNU) is most appropriate and desirable as it can contribute significantly to the objective of TEMA. Hence the Workshop was organized jointly by UNU and IOC with the Unesco Division of Marine Sciences. From it emerged ideas for strengthening co-operation among States, in the context of the New Ocean Regime, for their individual and collective benefit. -3- A GENERAL REVIEW OF THE NEW CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA HAVING A BEARING ON MARINE SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATION Alexander PANKOV Professor of International Law Sofia University Sofia , Bulgaria TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1. THE SHAPING OF THE NEW REGIME OF OCEANIC RESEARCH 1.1 THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE 1958 CONFERENCE OF THE UNITED NATIONS ON THE LAW OF THE SEA 1.2 NEW TRENDS IN MARITIME AFFAIRS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE EMERGING REGIME OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: FROM THE SEA-BED COMMITTEE TO UNCLOS-III 2. THE LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE NEW REGIME OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 2.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THE REGIME OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 2.2 PROVISIONS OF THE CONVENTION BEARING UPON MARINE SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATION TO EXPLORATION, EXPLOITATION, MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF THE RESOURCES OF THE SEA 2.3 APPLICATION OF MARINE SCIENCE TO THE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT CONCLUSION NOTES -5- INTRODUCTION The adoption of a comprehensive Convention on the Law of the Sea was the culmination of a long and arduous negotiation on all problems relating to the régime over the ocean space. The outcome of these negotiations emerging from the evolving process of consensus reflects a collective effort to harmonize the multiple uses of the seas, and accommodate different national exigencies and interests placing them into a proper global perspective. The Conference and its final results affirmed the role of the United Nations as the most representative forum and coordinating factor for multilateral negotiations on complex inter- national issues of vital importance to the international community as a whole. The elaboration of a comprehensive legal framework for international cooperation in the exploration and exploitation of the World's Ocean and its resources is designed to provide a viable basis for the promotion of economic and social progress and the maintenance of international understanding and peace. The new Convention draws together the basic components of a legal régime universal in scope and field of application. This new legal régime is based not only on existing rules and principles, but constitutes an endeavour to solve outstanding problems and deficiencies of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Piccards and Their Submarines. Title
    The Piccards and their Submarines Title 185 I first met Professor Auguste Piccard in the summer of 1936 in Santander, where the University of Madrid had organised a summer course for non-Spanish students. We were housed in an old royal castle on the rocky shore of the North Spanish coast with a delightful private bay for our daily swim. There I saw a very tall professor in a minute swimming trunk with astonishing spectacles, one of his unsung inventions. They are now commonplace, small attachable sun filters, to be turned up when not needed. I had never seen these before, although others may have used them earlier. Professor Piccard was already world famous for his balloon ascents into the strato- sphere, 15781 m in 1931, and in the following year to a height of 16940 m. I never saw him again, he died in 1962, aged 78 years. Many years later in Switzerland, I met his son Jacques Piccard. [See Title 1041 The record balloon ascents were successful because Piccard had constructed an air-tight spherical gondola of aluminium and an over-sized balloon, only slightly filled on the ground, but fully inflated at high altitudes. Based on the same principle, he invented later a submarine, consisting of a pressure resistant steel sphere, at- tached to a lighter-than-water gasoline filled ‘buoyant balloon’. This ‘allowed him, with heavy weights magnetically attached to his gondola, to descend to record depths of water. He called it a ‘bathyscaphe’ and named it The Trieste. His son Jacques, like his father a physicist-engineer, helped him in the design and construction of the bathyscaphe, and together they descended in The Trieste to a depth of 3099 m near the Island of Ponza in Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • Sterns Lebensdaten Und Chronologie Seines Wirkens
    Sterns Lebensdaten und Chronologie seines Wirkens Diese Chronologie von Otto Sterns Wirken basiert auf folgenden Quellen: 1. Otto Sterns selbst verfassten Lebensläufen, 2. Sterns Briefen und Sterns Publikationen, 3. Sterns Reisepässen 4. Sterns Züricher Interview 1961 5. Dokumenten der Hochschularchive (17.2.1888 bis 17.8.1969) 1888 Geb. 17.2.1888 als Otto Stern in Sohrau/Oberschlesien In allen Lebensläufen und Dokumenten findet man immer nur den VornamenOt- to. Im polizeilichen Führungszeugnis ausgestellt am 12.7.1912 vom königlichen Polizeipräsidium Abt. IV in Breslau wird bei Stern ebenfalls nur der Vorname Otto erwähnt. Nur im Emeritierungsdokument des Carnegie Institutes of Tech- nology wird ein zweiter Vorname Otto M. Stern erwähnt. Vater: Mühlenbesitzer Oskar Stern (*1850–1919) und Mutter Eugenie Stern geb. Rosenthal (*1863–1907) Nach Angabe von Diana Templeton-Killan, der Enkeltochter von Berta Kamm und somit Großnichte von Otto Stern (E-Mail vom 3.12.2015 an Horst Schmidt- Böcking) war Ottos Großvater Abraham Stern. Abraham hatte 5 Kinder mit seiner ersten Frau Nanni Freund. Nanni starb kurz nach der Geburt des fünften Kindes. Bald danach heiratete Abraham Berta Ben- der, mit der er 6 weitere Kinder hatte. Ottos Vater Oskar war das dritte Kind von Berta. Abraham und Nannis erstes Kind war Heinrich Stern (1833–1908). Heinrich hatte 4 Kinder. Das erste Kind war Richard Stern (1865–1911), der Toni Asch © Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland 2018 325 H. Schmidt-Böcking, A. Templeton, W. Trageser (Hrsg.), Otto Sterns gesammelte Briefe – Band 1, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55735-8 326 Sterns Lebensdaten und Chronologie seines Wirkens heiratete.
    [Show full text]
  • Dives of the Bathyscaph Trieste, 1958-1963: Transcriptions of Sixty-One Dictabelt Recordings in the Robert Sinclair Dietz Papers, 1905-1994
    Dives of the Bathyscaph Trieste, 1958-1963: Transcriptions of sixty-one dictabelt recordings in the Robert Sinclair Dietz Papers, 1905-1994 from Manuscript Collection MC28 Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0219: September 2000 This transcription was made possible with support from the U.S. Naval Undersea Museum 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................4 CASSETTE TAPE 1 (Dietz Dictabelts #1-5) .................................................................................6 #1-5: The Big Dive to 37,800. Piccard dictating, n.d. CASSETTE TAPE 2 (Dietz Dictabelts #6-10) ..............................................................................21 #6: Comments on the Big Dive by Dr. R. Dietz to complete Piccard's description, n.d. #7: On Big Dive, J.P. #2, 4 Mar., n.d. #8: Dive to 37,000 ft., #1, 14 Jan 60 #9-10: Tape just before Big Dive from NGD first part has pieces from Rex and Drew, Jan. 1960 CASSETTE TAPE 3 (Dietz Dictabelts #11-14) ............................................................................30 #11-14: Dietz, n.d. CASSETTE TAPE 4 (Dietz Dictabelts #15-18) ............................................................................39 #15-16: Dive #61 J. Piccard and Dr. A. Rechnitzer, depth of 18,000 ft., Piccard dictating, n.d. #17-18: Dive #64, 24,000 ft., Piccard, n.d. CASSETTE TAPE 5 (Dietz Dictabelts #19-22) ............................................................................48 #19-20: Dive Log, n.d. #21: Dr. Dietz on the bathysonde, n.d. #22: from J. Piccard, 14 July 1960 CASSETTE TAPE 6 (Dietz Dictabelts #23-25) ............................................................................57 #23-25: Italian Dive, Dietz, Mar 8, n.d. CASSETTE TAPE 7 (Dietz Dictabelts #26-29) ............................................................................64 #26-28: Italian Dive, Dietz, n.d.
    [Show full text]
  • Bathyscaphe Trieste by Dennis Bryant
    Royal Belgian Institute of Marine Engineers Bathyscaphe Trieste by Dennis Bryant A revolutionary diving craft, leading the way for future generations. The first ultra‐deep diving manned vessel was conceived, designed, and constructed by August Piccard, a Swiss physicist in 1947. He called the craft a bathyscaph, coined by combining the Greek words bathos, meaning deep, and scaphos, meaning ship. In 1952, he began construction of a more advanced version. Because it was built largely in the city of Trieste, he named it TRIESTE when it was launched on August 1, 1953. It consisted of a small pressure sphere about seven feet in diameter attached to the underside of roughly rectangular float chamber that was 59 feet long and eleven feet wide. The whole thing looked distinctly unseaworthy. That is because the craft was never designed to transit on the surface of the water. Rather, its sole purpose was dive deep and return to the surface. The float chamber was filled with 22,000 gallons of gasoline. This flammable liquid was selected for two reasons: first, it was lighter than water; and second, it was nearly incompressible, even at extreme pressure. The float chamber also was fitted with two ballast silos filled with 18,000 pounds of magnetic iron pellets. These pellets were to be released when the two‐ man crew wanted to ascend to the surface. Having no means of propulsion when on the surface, the Trieste had to be brought to a point almost directly above its target and then allowed to descend. The craft made various dives in the Mediterranean before it was purchased by the US Navy in 1958 for the sum or $250,000.
    [Show full text]
  • Underwater Music: Tuning Composition to the Sounds of Science
    OUP UNCORRECTED FIRST-PROOF 7/6/11 CENVEO chapter 6 UNDERWATER MUSIC: TUNING COMPOSITION TO THE SOUNDS OF SCIENCE stefan helmreich Introduction How should we apprehend sounds subaqueous and submarine? As humans, our access to underwater sonic realms is modulated by means fl eshy and technological. Bones, endolymph fl uid, cilia, hydrophones, and sonar equipment are just a few apparatuses that bring watery sounds into human audio worlds. As this list sug- gests, the media through which humans hear sound under water can reach from the scale of the singular biological body up through the socially distributed and techno- logically tuned-in community. For the social scale, which is peopled by submari- ners, physical oceanographers, marine biologists, and others, the underwater world —and the undersea world in particular — often emerge as a “fi eld” (a wildish, distributed space for investigation) and occasionally as a “lab” (a contained place for controlled experiments). In this chapter I investigate the ways the underwater realm manifests as such a scientifi cally, technologically, and epistemologically apprehensible zone. I do so by auditing underwater music, a genre of twentieth- and twenty-fi rst-century 006-Pinch-06.indd6-Pinch-06.indd 115151 77/6/2011/6/2011 55:06:52:06:52 PPMM OUP UNCORRECTED FIRST-PROOF 7/6/11 CENVEO 152 the oxford handbook of sound studies composition performed or recorded under water in settings ranging from swim- ming pools to the ocean, with playback unfolding above water or beneath. Composers of underwater music are especially curious about scientifi c accounts of how sound behaves in water and eager to acquire technologies of subaqueous sound production.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Currents | Spring 2013 Table of Contents
    Spring 2013 member magazine of the aquarium of the pacific OCEANEXPLORATION Focus on Sustainability AQUATIC ACADEMY: ARE WE FACING AN ENVIRONMENTAL CLIFF? HE AQUARIUM OF THE PACIFIC hosted three sessions of After presentations by speakers and discussion, Aquatic Academy its Aquatic Academy in February 2013. Experts in the fields of participants compiled the plan below. It sets forth a strong consensus T climate science, oceanography, conservation, policy, and view of the most effective and important actions to decarbonize ecology shared their knowledge and experience with attend- society and reduce the impacts of climate change. ees. This faculty made assessments of whether or not we are facing an environmental cliff and made recommendations for averting such a cliff. ACTION PLAN TO AVOID THE ENVIRONMENTAL CLIFF 1. LAUNCH A BROAD PUBLIC EDUCATION CAMpaIGN 6. DEVELOP AN ECOLOGICALLY RESPONSIBLE FOOD TARGETING PEOPLE OF ALL AGES. SYSTEM THAT PROMOTES HEALTH. This campaign should be formulated for use by schools, Shift to locally grown foods and sustainable agri- the media, informal education institutions, and other culture and aquaculture practices. Promote healthy venues. The content of the campaign should be tailored diets that reduce consumption of red meat. to various audiences and regions, making it relevant and 7. REDESIGN CITIES WITH AN EMPHASIS ON personal. It should also communicate the urgency of addressing climate change. A critical element in an ef- SUSTAINABILITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY. fective global educational campaign is to provide greater Implement sustainable urban planning that incorpo- educational and economic opportunities for women. This rates high-density commercial and residential districts, is the most effective way to stabilize population growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Finnish Politician. Brought up by an Aunt, He Won An
    He wrote two operas, a symphony, two concertos and much piano music, including the notorious Minuet in G (1887). He settled in California in 1913. His international reputation and his efforts for his country P in raising relief funds and in nationalist propaganda during World War I were major factors in influencing Paasikivi, Juho Kusti (originally Johan Gustaf President Woodrow *Wilson to propose the creation Hellsen) (1870–1956). Finnish politician. Brought of an independent Polish state as an Allied war up by an aunt, he won an LLD at Helsinki University, aim. Marshal *Piłsudski appointed Paderewski as becoming an inspector of finances, then a banker. Prime Minister and Foreign Minister (1919) and he Finland declared its independence from Russia represented Poland at the Paris Peace Conference and (1917) and Paasikivi served as Prime Minister 1918, signed the Treaty of Versailles (1919). In December resigning when his proposal for a constitutional he retired and returned to his music but in 1939, monarchy failed. He returned to banking and flirted after Poland had been overrun in World War II, with the semi-Fascist Lapua movement. He was he reappeared briefly in political life as chairman of Ambassador to Sweden 1936–39 and to the USSR the Polish national council in exile. 1939–41. World War II forced him to move from Páez, Juan Antonio (1790–1873). Venezuelan conservatism to realism. *Mannerheim appointed liberator. He fought against the Spanish with varying him Prime Minister 1944–46, and he won two success until he joined (1818) *Bolívar and shared terms as President 1946–56.
    [Show full text]
  • 06 April 2021 for Immediate Release SECOND ANNUAL CAPTAIN DON
    06 April 2021 For Immediate Release SECOND ANNUAL CAPTAIN DON WALSH AWARD FOR OCEAN EXPLORATION IS NOW OPEN FOR ENTRIES The Marine Technology Society (MTS) and The Society for Underwater Technology (SUT) announce the second annual Captain Don Walsh Award for Ocean Exploration is now open. Nominations must be received by 31 May 2021. MTS Contact: Amanda Johnston, [email protected] SUT Contact: Cheryl Burgess, [email protected] WASHINGTON, DC and LONDON, UK — Awarded jointly by both societies, the Captain Don Walsh Award for Ocean Exploration is presented annually to an individual who has made an outstanding, sustained, international contribution to the development, application, or propagation of marine/ underwater technology toward the advancement of ocean exploration. The award is named in honour of Captain (Ret) Don Walsh, an accomplished American oceanographer, explorer, retired naval officer, and marine policy specialist. He and Jacques Piccard were aboard the bathyscaphe Trieste on January 23, 1960 when it made a record descent into the Mariana Trench, which is the deepest point of the world's oceans. Dr. Edie Widder, an MTS member, won the inaugural award in 2020. The judging panel, comprised of the presidents and three members from each society, will reflect diversity in demographics, sector and discipline. In addition, Dr. Edie Widder, MacArthur Fellow, a deep-sea explorer, and conservationist known for her expertise in oceanographic research and technological innovation and her commitment to reversing the worldwide trend of marine ecosystem degradation, will join the judging panel. “A pioneer, outstanding Naval officer, mentor and influencer is how I describe Don Walsh.
    [Show full text]
  • AUTOGRAPHEN-AUKTION 1. April 2017
    37. AUTOGRAPHEN-AUKTION A U 1. April 2017 T O G R A P H E N - A U K T I O N 1.4. 2017 A X E L Los 386 | Johann Wolfgang von GOETHE S C Axel Schmolt | Autographen-Auktionen H Los 256 | NAPOLÉON I. u. a. M 47807 Krefeld | Steinrath 10 O Telefon (02151) 93 10 90 | Telefax (02151) 93 10 9 99 L T E-Mail: [email protected] AUTOGRAPHEN-AUKTION Hier die genaue Anschrift für Ihr Autographen-Auktionen Autographen Navigationssystem: Bücher Inhaltsverzeichnis Dokumente 47807 Krefeld | Steinrath 10 Fotos Los-Nr. Geschichte – Deutsche Länder (ohne Preußen) 1 - 19 – Preußen und Kaiserreich bis 1918 20 - 43 Krefeld A 57 – I. Weltkrieg und Deutsche Marine 44 - 53 Auktionshaus Schmolt Richtung Richtung am besten über die A 44 Abfahrt Essen – Deutsche Marine 1890-1945 54 - 57 Venlo Krefeld-Fischeln ✘ – Weimarer Republik 58 - 68 Meerbusch-Osterath – Nationalsozialismus und II. Weltkrieg 69 - 135 A 44 – Deutsche Geschichte seit 1945 136 - 199 A 44 – Britische Premierminister 18.-20. Jahrhundert 200 - 229 – Geschichte des Auslands bis 1945 230 - 263 A 61 – Geschichte des Auslands seit 1945 264 - 343 A 52 A 52 – Kirche-Religion 344 - 364 Düsseldorf Liter atur 365 - 455 Mönchengladbach Neuss Richtung A 57 Musik 456 - 633 Roermond – Oper-Operette (Sänger/-innen) 634 - 753 Bühne - Film - Tanz 754 - 978 Richtung Richtung Koblenz Köln Bildende Kunst 979 - 1177 Wissenschaft 1178 - 1223 A 57 – Forschungsreisende und Geographen 1224 - 1230 Autographen-Auktionen Axel Schmolt Luftfahrt 1231 - 1237 Steinrath 10 Weltraumfahrt 1238 - 1256 ✘ Kölner Straße A 44 Sport 1257 - 1303 Ausfahrt Osterath Widmungsexemplare - Signierte Bücher 1304 - 1316 A 44 Kreuz Meerbusch Sammlung en - Konvolute 1317 - 1345 Richtung Krefelder Straße Mönchengladbach A 57 Autographen-Auktion am Samstag, den 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Solo Sub Dive Is Deepest Ever
    - Solo sub dive is deepest ever. The explorer-filmmaker emerges from his sub after returning from Challenger Deep. PHOTOGRAPH BY MARK THIESSEN, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC THE DEEPSEA CHALLENGER SUB DURING A FEBRUARY TEST OFF PAPUA NEW GUINEA. PHOTOGRAPH BY MARK THIESSEN, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC Ker Than for National Geographic News UPDATED 11:40 P.M. ET, MARCH 25, 2012 At noon on Monday, local time, (10 p.m. Sunday ET) James Cameron's "vertical torpedo" sub broke the surface of the western Pacific, carrying the National Geographic explorer and filmmaker back from the Mariana Trench's Challenger Deep—Earth's deepest, and perhaps most alien, realm. The first human to reach the 6.8-mile-deep (11-kilometer-deep) undersea valley solo, Cameron arrived at the bottom with the tech to collect scientific data, specimens, and visions unthinkable in 1960, when the only other manned Challenger Deep dive took place, according to members of the National Geographic expedition. After a faster-than-expected, roughly 70-minute ascent, Cameron's sub, bobbing in the open ocean, was spotted by helicopter and would soon be plucked from the Pacific by a research ship's crane. Earlier, the descent to Challenger Deep had taken 2 hours and 36 minutes. Expedition member Kevin Hand called the timing of the DEEPSEA CHALLENGER sub's ascent "perfect." "Jim came up in what must have been the best weather conditions we've seen, and it looks like there’s a squall on the horizon," said Hand, aNASA astrobiologist and National Geographic emerging explorer. Before surfacing about 300 miles (500 kilometers) southwest of Guam, Cameron spent hours hovering over Challenger Deep's desert-like seafloor and gliding along its cliff walls, the whole time collecting samples and video.
    [Show full text]
  • Deepest Submarine Dive in History, Five Deeps Expedition Conquers
    Contact: Stephanie Fitzherbert [email protected] Deepest Submarine Dive in History, Five Deeps Expedition Conquers Challenger Deep Victor Vescovo and team complete the fourth mission of the expedition in world’s deepest diving operational submersible, the Limiting Factor DALLAS, TX (May 13, 2019) – For the fourth time, the Five Deeps Expedition has successfully dived to the bottom of one of the world’s five oceans. The team completed a mission to reach what is commonly known as the deepest point on planet Earth: Challenger Deep within the Mariana Trench. Victor Vescovo set a new deep-diving record and is the first human to make multiple dives, solo, to its hadal depths in the DSV Limiting Factor (Triton 36000/2 model submersible) the world’s deepest diving, currently operational submarine. The expedition reached a maximum depth of 10,928 meters1 / 35,853 feet deep, 16 meters/52 feet deeper than any previous manned dive. The last visit to the bottom of Challenger Deep was made in 2012 by filmmaker and explorer James Cameron, who reached a depth of 10,908 meters on a dive in his submersible, the Deepsea Challenger.2 Prior to Cameron’s dive, the first ever dive at Challenger Deep was made by the Trieste, a US Navy deep submergence bathyscape, in 1960 to 10,912 meters by Lieutenant Don Walsh and Swiss scientist Jacques Piccard.3 Both the Trieste and Deepsea Challenger only descended to the bottom of Challenger Deep once. Between April 28 and May 5, 2019, the Limiting Factor completed four dives to the bottom of Challenger Deep and one final dive on May 7, 2019 to the Sirena Deep which is also in the Mariana Trench, approximately 128 miles to the northeast.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading Task 21
    Reading Task 26 Today you will: • Use retrieval skills to find answers to questions in the text. • Use your previous knowledge to compare and contrast Jacques Cousteau and Jacques Piccard. • Consider the layout of non fiction texts. DNA Predict what you think these objects are, based on what we have been reading: You will find out the answers in our pages to read today! Log on to Oxford Owl again and find the book. Here are the instructions again: Find these pages (p22 + 23), check your DNA answers and then complete the tasks that follow. Find the answers to the following questions: 1. Who built the world’s first submarine? 2. How was it different to submarines built now? 3. What is a bathysphere? 4. Which word tells us that Jacques Piccard went down into the ocean? What would be the antonym (opposite) to this word? 5. How many metres down did Jacques Piccard dive to? 6. In what year did Japanese teams film fish at a depth of 8km? Answers: 1. Who built the world’s first submarine? A Dutch man called Cornelius Drebbel. 2. How was it different to submarines built now? It was made from wood and had oars that stuck out from the sides. 3. What is a bathysphere? A round metal chamber used for deep sea diving. 4. Which word tells us that Jacques Piccard went down into the ocean? Descended What would be the antonym (opposite) to this word? Ascended 5. How many metres down did Jacques Piccard dive to? 10, 914m 6. In what year did Japanese teams film fish at a depth of 8km? 2008 Draw a double bubble map and use it to compare Jacques Cousteau (from our previous work) to Jacques Piccard.
    [Show full text]