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National Life Stories an Oral History of British
NATIONAL LIFE STORIES AN ORAL HISTORY OF BRITISH SCIENCE Professor Bob Dickson Interviewed by Dr Paul Merchant C1379/56 © The British Library Board http://sounds.bl.uk This interview and transcript is accessible via http://sounds.bl.uk . © The British Library Board. Please refer to the Oral History curators at the British Library prior to any publication or broadcast from this document. Oral History The British Library 96 Euston Road London NW1 2DB United Kingdom +44 (0)20 7412 7404 [email protected] Every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of this transcript, however no transcript is an exact translation of the spoken word, and this document is intended to be a guide to the original recording, not replace it. Should you find any errors please inform the Oral History curators. © The British Library Board http://sounds.bl.uk British Library Sound Archive National Life Stories Interview Summary Sheet Title Page Ref no: C1379/56 Collection title: An Oral History of British Science Interviewee’s surname: Dickson Title: Professor Interviewee’s forename: Bob Sex: Male Occupation: oceanographer Date and place of birth: 4th December, 1941, Edinburgh, Scotland Mother’s occupation: Housewife , art Father’s occupation: Schoolmaster teacher (part time) [chemistry] Dates of recording, Compact flash cards used, tracks [from – to]: 9/8/11 [track 1-3], 16/12/11 [track 4- 7], 28/10/11 [track 8-12], 14/2/13 [track 13-15] Location of interview: CEFAS [Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science], Lowestoft, Suffolk Name of interviewer: Dr Paul Merchant Type of recorder: Marantz PMD661 Recording format : 661: WAV 24 bit 48kHz Total no. -
Nathaniel Rich's Losing Earth and the Role of William Nierenberg And
Nathaniel Rich’s Losing Earth and the Role of William Nierenberg and Other Science Advisors: Why didn’t we act on climate change in the 1980s? Ed Levy The entire New York Times Magazine of August 5, 2018 was devoted to an important article by Nathaniel Rich, Losing Earth: The Decade we almost stopped climate Change. In Rich’s account from 1979 to 1989 the United States came close to “breaking our suicide pact with fossil fuels.”1 Rich shows that at the beginning of that decade a broad international consensus had developed favoring action in the form of a global treaty to curb emissions and that U.S. leadership was required and possibly forthcoming. Yet at the end of the decade it was clear that these efforts had failed. Rich sets as his primary task answering the question, “Why didn’t we act?” He does not provide a satisfactory answer. However, Rich’s informative and nuanced accounts convey well the shifting positions about climate change in the US during the decade. At the beginning it was difficult to get widespread attention, later it looked as though linking global warming to other issues such as ozone depletion and CFCs could result in action. These accounts are based on a large number of interviews and extensive research, but the story is told primarily through the eyes of two significant players, Rafe Pomerance and James Hansen, “a hyperkinetic lobbyist and a guileless atmospheric physicist who, at great personal cost, tried to warn humanity of what was coming.” Still, Rich barely addresses the central question explicitly and does not come close to providing a convincing answer. -
A General Theory of Climate Denial Peter J
A General Theory of Climate Denial Peter J. Jacques A General Theory of Climate Denial • Peter J. Jacques There is now a well-recognized right-wing counter-movement challenging the trend, attribution, impact, and civic implications of orthodox climate change science. Where do the body and spirit of this counter-movement come from? Here I will reºect on some conspicuous questions. First, why have academics, the media, and the counter-movement itself had difªculty naming the counter- movement? Second, why reject the premise of global environmental change at all? Finally, what is the result of the apparent binary choice between the ac- knowledgment of the orthodoxy and its rejection? A General Theory of Denial I will argue that climate denial is an appropriate label consistent with Lang’s “General Theory of Historical Denial.”1 Currently, there is disagreement whether climate “skeptic,” “contrarian,” and “denier” are representative terms.2 I have used the word “skeptic,” but I admit here and elsewhere that it is inappro- priate,3 because the skepticism in environmental skepticism is asymmetrical. As skeptics cast doubt on ecological science, they have an abiding faith in industrial science and technology, free enterprise, and those great institutions of Western Enlightenment.4 Further, skeptics rightfully argue that skepticism is a funda- mental sentiment of rigorous science. Ecological cynicism is then positioned as scientiªc without drawing attention to the asymmetry. Lahsen has successfully used the word “contrarian” to denote the most outspoken leaders of climate rejection, particularly credentialed physicists and climate scientists such as Frederick Seitz, Robert Jastrow, William Nierenberg, Willie Soon, and Sallie Balliunas. -
The Piccards and Their Submarines. Title
The Piccards and their Submarines Title 185 I first met Professor Auguste Piccard in the summer of 1936 in Santander, where the University of Madrid had organised a summer course for non-Spanish students. We were housed in an old royal castle on the rocky shore of the North Spanish coast with a delightful private bay for our daily swim. There I saw a very tall professor in a minute swimming trunk with astonishing spectacles, one of his unsung inventions. They are now commonplace, small attachable sun filters, to be turned up when not needed. I had never seen these before, although others may have used them earlier. Professor Piccard was already world famous for his balloon ascents into the strato- sphere, 15781 m in 1931, and in the following year to a height of 16940 m. I never saw him again, he died in 1962, aged 78 years. Many years later in Switzerland, I met his son Jacques Piccard. [See Title 1041 The record balloon ascents were successful because Piccard had constructed an air-tight spherical gondola of aluminium and an over-sized balloon, only slightly filled on the ground, but fully inflated at high altitudes. Based on the same principle, he invented later a submarine, consisting of a pressure resistant steel sphere, at- tached to a lighter-than-water gasoline filled ‘buoyant balloon’. This ‘allowed him, with heavy weights magnetically attached to his gondola, to descend to record depths of water. He called it a ‘bathyscaphe’ and named it The Trieste. His son Jacques, like his father a physicist-engineer, helped him in the design and construction of the bathyscaphe, and together they descended in The Trieste to a depth of 3099 m near the Island of Ponza in Italy. -
UNU/IOC/UNESCO Workshop on International Co-Operation in The
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Workshop report No. 32 - supplement Papers submitted to the UNU/IOC/UNESCOWorkshop on International Co-operation in the Development of Marine Science and the Transfer of Techtïobgy in the context of the New Ocean Regime Paris, 27 September - 1 October 1982 The Summary Report of the UNU/IOC/Unesco Workshop on International Co-operation in the Development of Marine Science and the Transfer of Technology in the Context of the new Ocean Regime was issued as IOC Workshop Report No. 32. This Supplement contains the papers presented at the Workshop, J I CONTENTS page FOREWORD 1-2 PAPERS PRESENTED A General Eeview of the New Convention on the Law of 3 - 35 the Sea Having a Bearing on Marine Science and Its Application Alexander YANKOV International Cooperation in Marine Scientific Research 36 - 57 and in the Development and Transfer of Marine Science and Technology in the Convention of the Law of the Sea with Particular Reference to the Attention Paid to the knterests of Developing Countries Maria Eduarda GONÇALVES Convention of the Law of the Sea and the New International 58 - 72 Economic Order René Jean DUPUY' Creating Favourable Condit ions for the International 73 - 88 Cooperation for the Transfer of Marine Science and Technology in the Context of the New Ocean Regime Agustin AYALA-CASTANARES New Ocean Regime and Marine Scientific Research S9 - 113 Syed Zahoor QASIM Flow of Scientific Data and Information and the Transfer 114- 122 of Knowledge to Developing Countries Geoffrey KESTEVEN Developing the Marine Scientific and Technological 130- 149 Capacity of States Inocencio RONQUILLO Ulf LIE Promoting Marine Scientific Research Centres and Networks 150 159 Sidney HOLT The IO1 Training Programme on the Management and 160 - 173 Conservation of Marine Resources: A Case Study Elizabeth MANN BORGESE LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 174 -177 -1- FOREWORD The Convention adopted by the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) defines a new international regime inter alia for use of the ocean and its resources. -
1 Census of Marine Life Participants 2000-2010
Census of Marine Life Participants 2000-2010 Raza Abidi, Dalhousie University, Canada Jo Acebes, Asia Research Center, Philippines Arturo Acero, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia Shanta Nair Achuthankutty, National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, India C.T. Achuthankutty, National Institute of Oceanography, India Colleen Adam, DIVERSITAS, France Sarah Adamowicz, University of Guelph, Canada Nathan Adams, United States Helena Adão, University of Évora, Portugal Adrian Aebischer, University of Bern and Museum Fribourg, Switzerland Steven Africk, Acentech Inc, United States Vikram Agadi, National Institute Scientific Communication & Information Resources, India Yogi Agrawal, Sequoia Scientific, United States Maite Aguado, Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, Spain Anelio Aguayo-Lobo, Instituto Antarctico Chileno, Chile Paula Aguiar, University of the Azores, Portugal John Ahearn, Museum Victoria, Australia Sayyed Ahmed, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman Shane Ahyong, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand Jim Aiken, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, United Kingdom Cameron Ainsworth, University of British Columbia, Canada Laura Airoldi, Università di Bologna, Italy Belinda Aker, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom Dag Aksnes, University of Bergen, Norway Farid Al-Abdali, Five Oceans LLC, Sultanate of Oman Nasser Al-Azri, HMR Environmental Engineering Cunsultants, Sultanate of Oman Adnan Al-Azri, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman Monica Albuquerque, University Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Portugal Jacqueline Alder, UNEP, Kenya Viviana Alder, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina Juan Luis Aleget, Universitat de Girona, Spain Yaroslava Alekseeva, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Vera Alexander, University of Alaska Fairbanks, United States Karen Alexander, University of New Hampshire, United States Daniel Alexandrov, European University at St. Petersburg, Russia J.R.B. -
The Physical Tourist Physics and New York City
Phys. perspect. 5 (2003) 87–121 © Birkha¨user Verlag, Basel, 2003 1422–6944/05/010087–35 The Physical Tourist Physics and New York City Benjamin Bederson* I discuss the contributions of physicists who have lived and worked in New York City within the context of the high schools, colleges, universities, and other institutions with which they were and are associated. I close with a walking tour of major sites of interest in Manhattan. Key words: Thomas A. Edison; Nikola Tesla; Michael I. Pupin; Hall of Fame for GreatAmericans;AlbertEinstein;OttoStern;HenryGoldman;J.RobertOppenheimer; Richard P. Feynman; Julian Schwinger; Isidor I. Rabi; Bronx High School of Science; StuyvesantHighSchool;TownsendHarrisHighSchool;NewYorkAcademyofSciences; Andrei Sakharov; Fordham University; Victor F. Hess; Cooper Union; Peter Cooper; City University of New York; City College; Brooklyn College; Melba Phillips; Hunter College; Rosalyn Yalow; Queens College; Lehman College; New York University; Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences; Samuel F.B. Morse; John W. Draper; Columbia University; Polytechnic University; Manhattan Project; American Museum of Natural History; Rockefeller University; New York Public Library. Introduction When I was approached by the editors of Physics in Perspecti6e to prepare an article on New York City for The Physical Tourist section, I was happy to do so. I have been a New Yorker all my life, except for short-term stays elsewhere on sabbatical leaves and other visits. My professional life developed in New York, and I married and raised my family in New York and its environs. Accordingly, writing such an article seemed a natural thing to do. About halfway through its preparation, however, the attack on the World Trade Center took place. -
The Early Life History of Fish
Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, 191: 339-344. 1989 Johan Hjort - founder of modern Norwegian fishery research and pioneer in recruitment thinking P. Solemdal and M. Sinclair Solemdal, P., and Sinclair, M. 1989. Johan Hjort - founder of modern Norwegian fishery research and pioneer in recruitment thinking. - Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, 191: 339-344. A description of some major scientific controversies prior to 1914 that influenced the development of Hjort's thinking is presented. Particular attention is given to the difficulties encountered with the migration theory (which explained interannual fluctuations in fisheries landings in the North Atlantic) and the debate on local populations, overfishing, and the role of hatcheries in increasing yields from marine fisheries. The steps leading to his classic 1914 paper are summarized and highlights of the 1914 paper are discussed. It is concluded that Hjort’s work between 1893 and 1917 led to a shift in emphasis from adult migration to early life history processes in the study of interannual fluctuations in yield. P. Solemdal: Institute o f Marine Fisheries Research, P.O. Box 1870, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. M. Sinclair: Department o f Fisheries and Oceans, Halifax Fisheries Research Laboratory, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 257, Canada. Introduction Problems in the 1890s The great fluctuations in the fisheries of northern The major scientific problem facing marine biologists Europe at the end of the last century had enormous and oceanographers in the latter half of the 19th century influence on the economy. It was at this time that was an explanation of the interannual fluctuations in the question of overfishing was formulated. -
Fred Baker Papers, 1916-1938 LA.1998.1209
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8dr31xg No online items Finding aid to the Fred Baker Papers, 1916-1938 LA.1998.1209 Finding aid prepared by Marie Myers San Diego Natural History Museum Research Library 2018-05-15 1788 El Prado, Balboa Park San Diego, CA 92101 [email protected] URL: http://sdnhm.org/science/research-library Finding aid to the Fred Baker LA.1998.1209 1 Papers, 1916-1938 LA.1998.1209 Language of Material: English Contributing Institution: San Diego Natural History Museum Research Library Title: Fred Baker Papers Creator: Baker, Frederick, 1854-1938 Identifier/Call Number: LA.1998.1209 Physical Description: 0.25 Linear Feet Date (inclusive): 1916-1938 Physical Description: Includes both handwritten and typescript letters. Abstract: The Fred Baker Papers consists of two folders of correspondence principally with malacologist John Read le Brockton Tomlin (Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland). Letters are dated from 1916 through 1938. A few typescript letters are addressed to a Mr. White re collecting activities. Scope and Contents Two folders of correspondence, mostly letters from John Read le Brockton Tomlin, president of the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. A few letters to a Mr. White re collecting activities. Biographical / Historical Frederick Baker was a physician and malacologist in San Diego, California. Born on January 29, 1854 in Norwalk, Ohio and educated at Cornell University (1870) and the University of Michigan (M.D., 1880), he married Charlotte LeBreton Johnson in 1881. They moved to San Diego in 1888 and set up medical practices, both working at St. Joseph's Hospital (he in general practice, she in obstetrics-gynecology). -
Sterns Lebensdaten Und Chronologie Seines Wirkens
Sterns Lebensdaten und Chronologie seines Wirkens Diese Chronologie von Otto Sterns Wirken basiert auf folgenden Quellen: 1. Otto Sterns selbst verfassten Lebensläufen, 2. Sterns Briefen und Sterns Publikationen, 3. Sterns Reisepässen 4. Sterns Züricher Interview 1961 5. Dokumenten der Hochschularchive (17.2.1888 bis 17.8.1969) 1888 Geb. 17.2.1888 als Otto Stern in Sohrau/Oberschlesien In allen Lebensläufen und Dokumenten findet man immer nur den VornamenOt- to. Im polizeilichen Führungszeugnis ausgestellt am 12.7.1912 vom königlichen Polizeipräsidium Abt. IV in Breslau wird bei Stern ebenfalls nur der Vorname Otto erwähnt. Nur im Emeritierungsdokument des Carnegie Institutes of Tech- nology wird ein zweiter Vorname Otto M. Stern erwähnt. Vater: Mühlenbesitzer Oskar Stern (*1850–1919) und Mutter Eugenie Stern geb. Rosenthal (*1863–1907) Nach Angabe von Diana Templeton-Killan, der Enkeltochter von Berta Kamm und somit Großnichte von Otto Stern (E-Mail vom 3.12.2015 an Horst Schmidt- Böcking) war Ottos Großvater Abraham Stern. Abraham hatte 5 Kinder mit seiner ersten Frau Nanni Freund. Nanni starb kurz nach der Geburt des fünften Kindes. Bald danach heiratete Abraham Berta Ben- der, mit der er 6 weitere Kinder hatte. Ottos Vater Oskar war das dritte Kind von Berta. Abraham und Nannis erstes Kind war Heinrich Stern (1833–1908). Heinrich hatte 4 Kinder. Das erste Kind war Richard Stern (1865–1911), der Toni Asch © Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland 2018 325 H. Schmidt-Böcking, A. Templeton, W. Trageser (Hrsg.), Otto Sterns gesammelte Briefe – Band 1, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55735-8 326 Sterns Lebensdaten und Chronologie seines Wirkens heiratete. -
The Border: a Line That Divides Our Busy Backyard Crossing
S a n D i e g o H i s t o r y Center Newsletter VOLUME 56 NUMBER 4 FALL 2015 From the Photograph Collection (#6661-8) The Border: A Line That Divides Our busy backyard crossing BORDER MONUMENT WITH TOURING CAR, C. 1918. As debates over U.S. immigration policy continue, evolved into a militarized, high-security crossing the History Center has opened a photographic handling millions of travelers and tons of freight exhibition titled The Border: A Line That Divides, each year, with about 420,000 vehicle crossings exploring the evolution of the San Ysidro border weekly. The History Center has accessed its own crossing. Two border towns—Tijuana and San photograph collection for historic images as well Diego—bestride the busiest land-border crossing on as collaborating with photographers Alejandro TIMES the planet. But the build-up at the border has been Tamayo and our photo technician, Natalie Fiocre, gradual, as have the attitudes and perceptions to display and interpret evocative and retrospective fueling the discussions. images. Focusing exclusively on the crossing at The San Ysidro Port of Entry has grown in size, San Ysidro, the exhibition invites the visitor to look scope, and traffic since its creation in 1848 when back and also encourages looking forward at larger the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo established questions associated with immigration locally the current 1,954-mile border. At the San Ysidro and internationally. crossing, the Tijuana River was the dividing line, BY MATTHEW SCHIFF, MARKETING DIRECTOR and the crossing went through the river. The border the FROM THE president Masterworks is a will be a treasured memento representing the History Center’s leadership contribution to the Masterpiece! 2015 Balboa Park Centennial Celebration. -
1. Canadian Marine SCIENCE from Before Titanic to the Establishment of the Bedford Institute of Oceanography in 1962 Eric L. Mills
HISTORICAL ROOTS 1. CANADIAN MARINE SCIENCE FROM BEFORE TITANIC TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BEDFORD INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY IN 1962 Eric L. Mills SUMMARY Beginning in the early 1960s, the Bedford Institute of Oceanography consolidated marine sciences and technologies that had developed separately, some of them since the late 19th century. Marine laboratories, devoted mainly to marine biology, were established in 1908 in St. Andrews, New Brunswick, and Nanaimo, British Columbia, and it was in them that Canada’s first studies in physical oceanography began in the early 1930s and became fully established after World War II. Charting and tidal observation developed separately in post-Confederation Canada, beginning in the last two decades of the 19th century, and becoming united in the Canadian Hydrographic Service in 1924. For a number of scientific and political reasons, Canadian marine sciences developed most rapidly after World War II (post-1945), including work in the Arctic, the founding of graduate programs in oceanography on both Atlantic and Pacific coasts, the reorientation of physical oceanography from the federal Fisheries Research Board to the federal Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, increased work on marine geology and geophysics, and eventually the founding of the Bedford Institute of Oceanography, which brought all these fields together. Key words: Canadian marine science, Atlantic and Pacific biological stations, charting, tides, hydrography, post-World War II developments, origin of BIO. E-mail: [email protected] The Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) opened formally in 1962 Europe decades before. The result, achieved with the help of university (Fig. 1), bringing together scientists and technologists who had worked in biologists, was an organizational structure, the Board of Management of fields as diverse as physical oceanography, hydrographic charting, marine the Biological Station (became the Biological Board of Canada in 1912), geology, and marine ecology.