Conservation Status of Botrychium lineare (slender moonwort) in Montana Prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service By Drake Barton and Sue Crispin Montana Natural Heritage Program Natural Resource Information System Montana State Library February 2004 Conservation Status of Botrychium lineare (slender moonwort) in Montana Prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Agreement Number E-5-R-14, Amendment 2 By Drake Barton and Sue Crispin © 2004 Montana Natural Heritage Program P.O. Box 201800 • 1515 East Sixth Avenue • Helena, MT 59620-1800 • 406-444-5354 This document should be cited as follows: Barton, D. and S. Crispin. 2004. Conservation Status of Botrychium lineare (slender moonwort) in Montana. Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, MT. 16 pp. plus appendices. ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Historic records for Botrychium lineare (slender additional areas in the attempt to locate new moonwort) extend over a broad range in North populations. These surveys revisited three of the America, from Quebec and New Brunswick in four previously reported populations in Montana and eastern Canada to central California. Recently resulted in the discovery of one new population. documented populations of this plant are known The Montana state rank for B. lineare remains at from only Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Colorado, S1 with the likelihood that additional populations, Wyoming, Montana the Canadian province of especially in native habitat, will be located in the Alberta and the Yukon Territory. In 1999 a formal future. petition was filed with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to seek protection for The outlook for long-term survival of this species slender moonwort under the Endangered Species improves with each additional population Act (ESA) as threatened or endangered. discovered. However, most of the known populations have had few plants in the years they Field surveys were conducted in 2003 to relocate were surveyed, are in relatively vulnerable roadside populations of slender moonwort that were habitats, and are subject to the dangers inherent in previously documented in Montana and to examine small, localized populations. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank the many individuals who Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre; provided information and support. Mary Clare Florence Caplow, Washington Natural Heritage Weatherwax and Dan Carney with the Blackfeet Program; Roxanne Bittman, California Natural Tribal Government helped with permission for Diversity Database; Jenae Dixon, Conservation surveys within the Reservation. Toby Spribille Data Center Idaho Department of Fish and Game; provided useful background information. Botanists and Curtis Bjork, Montana Natural Heritage with the Natural Heritage Network provided Program. We would especially like to thank Tara information on occurrences in their states. They Carolin, Ecologist with Glacier National Park, for a include David G. Anderson, Colorado Natural great deal of helpful information and Donald Farrar Heritage Program; Sue Vrilakas, Oregon Natural at Iowa State University for working through the Heritage Information Center; Jim Morefield, genetics of various moonworts and keeping them Nevada Natural Heritage Program; Ben Franklin, straight. Utah Natural Heritage Program; Joyce Gould, iv TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 II. Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 3 III. Species Information............................................................................................................................... 4 A. Classification .................................................................................................................................... 4 B. Present Legal or Other Formal Status ............................................................................................. 4 C. Description ....................................................................................................................................... 6 D. Geographical Distribution ................................................................................................................. 6 E. Habitat ............................................................................................................................................ 10 F. Land Ownership ............................................................................................................................. 11 IV. Assessment and Management Recommendations .............................................................................. 12 A. Potential Threats to Currently Known Populations ....................................................................... 12 B. Management Practices and Response .......................................................................................... 12 C. Conservation Recommendations .................................................................................................... 13 D. Status Recommendations............................................................................................................... 13 E. Interpretation of Survey Results to Date ....................................................................................... 14 V. Literature Cited ..................................................................................................................................... 15 APPENDICES Appendix A. Global/State Rank Definitions LIST OF TABLES Table 1. All Element Occurrence (EO) records for Botrychium lineare (Wagner) in Montana ......... 7 Table 2. Habitat Information for all recently confirmed sites of Botrychium lineare in Montana .... 11 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Close-up of Botrychium lineare ........................................................................................... 1 Figure 2. Global status for Botrychium lineare ................................................................................... 5 Figure 3. Illustration of Botrychium lineare ........................................................................................ 6 Figure 4. Map of Botrychium lineare Element Occurrence locations ................................................ 8 Figure 5. Botrychium lineare habitat in Montana .............................................................................. 10 v I. INTRODUCTION Botrychium lineare W.H. Wagner (slender moonwort) was described as a new species by These include collections from: Warren H. Wagner and Florence S. Wagner in • 1902 in Bonaventure County, Quebec, 1994, in the American Fern Journal. The Canada; Wagners first collected this plant in 1978 in the • 1904 in New Brunswick, Canada (Wagner Mission Mountains of Lake County, Montana, and Wagner 1994); although the type specimen came from a • 1905 in Utah (Franklin per. com. 2003); subsequent collection made in 1992 in the Lostine • 1925 in Idaho’s Upper Priest River area, River Canyon in Wallowa County, Oregon. The under shaded woods in sandy soil; Lostine River population was revisited in 1993 by • 1942 in Rimouski County, Quebec, Canada; the Wagners and consisted of 14 individuals at that • 1947 in gravelly, poorly drained soil in time (Wagner and Wagner 1994). Boulder County, Colorado; • 1968 in Fresno County, California (this Other recently documented occurrences of population of approximately 85 plants above Botrychium lineare include: a trail was documented in 1968 and is • two plants found in a grassy area under presumed to be extant) (Bittman per. com spruce trees in Wallowa County, Oregon 2003); and (Hurricane Creek Meadows), first • 1992 in Colorado’s Lake County near documented in 1981; Leadville, Colorado (previously • a population discovered in 1989 in El Paso misidentified) (Federal Register 2001). County, Colorado along the road to Pikes Peak, with 45 plants in knee-high grass on In July of 1999, a petition was initiated to list a hillside; Botrychium lineare as threatened or endangered • another small population recorded in the under the Endangered Species Act (Carlton 1999). Pikes Peak area of Colorado; and The petition was based on the very few populations • a population discovered in 1997 in Ferry known to be extant, and County, Washington, in a floodplain along a the small number of creek, with 10 plants counted in 2002 individual plants within (Washington Natural Heritage Program). these populations. It was noted that several In addition, four other new state/provincial records older populations had have been reported in the past year: not been relocated for • Black Hills, Crook County, Wyoming in many years and may be Dugout Gulch; June 2003 (Farrar pers. extirpated. Of the few com. 2004). populations noted as • Kluane National Park, Yukon Territory, extant, the numbers of Canada, along Soldier’s Summit Trail in individuals counted June, 2003 (Farrar pers. com. 2004). were small, with 45 • Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, in being the largest. A southeast Alaska near Chisana; June 2003 total of less than 100 (Farrar pers. com. 2004). documented individual • Alberta, Canada, along Drywood Creek; plants was cited in the 2002 (Williston 2003). Figure 1. Botrychium lineare petition as evidence of the rarity of this Other records are older and/or are based on species. Other