Common and scientific names of species.
Common name Scientific name Flora: African rue Peganum harmala Alder Alnus Hill Bitter brush Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. Blue-leaved penstemon Penstemon glaucinus Broad-fruit mariposa Calochortus nitidus Brome-grass Bromus L. Buck rush Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) T. & G. Canada thistle Cirsium arvense Cheatgrass Bromus tectorum L. Clustered lady's-slipper Cypripedium fasciculatum Common crupina Crupina vulgaris Crenulate grape-fern Botrychium crenulatum Crested wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Cronquist's stickseed Hackelia cronquistii Dalmatian toadflax Linaria dalmatica Diffuse knapweed Centaurea diffiisa Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco. Dyers woad Isatis tinctoria Grand fir Abies grandis (Dougl.) Forbes Green-tinged paintbrush Castilleja chlorotica Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus Howellia Howellia aquatilis Howell's gumweed Grindelia howellii Huckleberries Vaccinium L. Iberian starthistle Centaurea iberica Idaho fescue Festuca idahoensis Elmer Juniper Juniperus L. Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis L. Knapweed Centaurea L. Leafy spurge Euphorbia esual L. Lemhi penstemon Penstemon lemhiensis Lodgepole pine Pinus contorta Dougl. Long-bearded mariposa-lily Calochortus longebarbatus var. Longebarbatus Macfarlane's four-o'clock Mirabilis macfarlanei Malheur wire-lettuce Stephanomeria malheurensis
321 Common name Scientific name
Manzanita Arctostaphylos Adans. Matgrass Nardus stricta Mediterranean sage Salvia aethiopis Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae Mountain hemlock Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. Mt. Mazama collomia Collomia mazama Mulford's milk-vetch Astragalus mulfordiae Musk thistle Carduus nutans Orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum Osgoodmountains milkvetch Astragalus yoder-williamsii Palouse goldenweed Haplopappus liatriformis Payson's milkvetch Astragalus paysonii Peck's mariposa-lily Calochortus longebarbatus var. Peckii Perennial pepperweed Lepidium latifolium Picabo milkvetch Astragalus onicifonnis Ponderosa pine Pinusponderosa Dougl. Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria Purple starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa Pygmy monkeyflower Mimulus pygmaeus Rush skeletonweed Chondrilla juncea Russian knapweed Centaurea re fens Sagebrush Artemisia L. Saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium Spalding's campion Silene spaldingii Spiny cocklebur Xanthium spinosum Spotted knapweed Centaurea maculosa Squarrose knapweed Centaurea virgata St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum Subalpine fir Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Suksdorf's lomatium Lomatium suksdorfii Sulfur cinquefoil Potentilla recta Syrian bean-caper Zygophyllum fabago Tansy ragwort Senecio jacobaea Thompson's clover Trifolium thompsonii Twin-spike moonwort Botrychium paradoxum Upward-lobed moonwort Botrychium ascendens Washington monkeyflower Mimulus washingtonensis var. Washingtonensis Washington polemonium Polemonium pectinatum Weak milk-vetch Astragalus solitarius
322 Common name Scientific name
Western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. Western juniper Juniperous occidentalis Hook. Western redcedar Thuja plicata Donn. Western white pine Pinus monticola Dougl. Wheat Triticum aestivum L. White bark pine Pinus albicaulis Engelm. White fir Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. Whitetop Cardaria spp. Willow Salix L. Yellow hawkweed Hieracium pratense Yellow starthistle Centaurea solstitialis Annual, Biennial Forb: Alyssum desertorum Amisimkia intermedia Blepharipappus scaber Clarkia pulchella Coldenia grandiflora Collinsia parviflora Collomia grandiflora Cordylanthus ramosus Cryptantha affinis Cryptantha ambigua Descurainia pinnata Descurainia richardsonii Draba verna Epilobium minutum Epilobium paniculatum Eriogonum vimineum Erodium cicutarium Euphorbia spp. Galium bifolium Gayophytum humile Gapophytum nuttallii Hemizonia pungens Holosteum umbellatum Lactuca ludoviciana Lagophylla ramosissima Layia galndulosa Lepidium perfoliatum
323 Common name Scientific name
Linanthus harknessi Lupinus microcarpus Madia gracilis madia sativa Microsteris gracilis Mimulus breweri Montia perfoliata Navarretia sp. Orthocarpus tenuifolius Phacelia linearis Plectritis macrocera Polemonium micranthum Polygonum majus Ranunculus testiculatus Ranunculus occidentalis Sanguisorba minor Sisymbrium altissimum Taraxacum ceratophorum Tragopogon dubius Verbascum thapsus Annual Grass: Agrostis interrupta Bromus brizaeformis Bromus japonicus Bromus mollis Bromus tectorum Festuca bromoides Festuca microstachys Festuca octoflora Taeniatherum asperum Perennial Forb: Achillea millefolium Agoseris glauca Agoseris grandiflora Allium acuminatum Allium douglasii Antennaria rosea Antennaria dimorpha Arabis hoboelii Common name Scientific name
Arabis puberula Arabis sparsiflora Aster campestris Astragalus beckwithii Astragalus curvicarpus Astragalus filipes Astragalus lentiginosus Astragalus prushii Astragalus reventus Astragalus stenophyllus Balsamorhiza careyana Balsamorhiza sagittata Calochortus macrocarpus Castilleja applegatei Castilleja chromosa Chaenactis douglasii Cheilanthes gracillima Cirsium arvense Crepis acuminata Crepis intermedia Erigeron bloomeri Erigeron elegantulus Erigeron filifolius Erigeron linearis Erigeron poliospermus Erigeron pumilus Eriogonum heracleoides Eriogonum microthecum Eriogonum niveum Eriogonum ovalifolium Eriogonum sphaerocephalum Eriogonum strictum Eriogonum thymoides Eriogonum umbellatum Eriophyllum lanatum Fritillaria pudica Geum campanulatum Hydrophyllum capitatum Leptodactylon pungens Linum perenne
325 Common name Scientific name
Lithophragma bulbifem Lomatium canbyi Lomatium cous Lomatium macrocarpum Lomatium triternatum Lupinus caudatus Lupinus laxiflorus Lupinus lepidus Mertensia longiflora Microseris nutans Microseris troximoides Orobanche uniflara Penstemon humilis Penstemon gracilis Penstemon laetus Penstemon richardsoni Penstemon speciosus Petalostemon ornatum Phacelia hastata Phlox douglasii Phlox hoodii Phlox longifolia Potentilla glandulosa var. intermidia Ranunculus occidentalis Senecio canus Senecio integerrimus Sisyrinchium douglasi Sisyrinchium idahoense Stellaria americana Stellaria nitens Trifolium dubium Trifolium macrocephalum Trifolium microcephalum Zygadenus paniculatus Perennial Grass: Agropyron saxocpla Agropyron smithii Agropyron spicatum Bromus carinatus Common name Scientific name
Danthonia unispicata Elymus cinereus Festuca idahoensis Keoleria cristata Oryzopsis humenoides Poa ampla Poa bulbosa Poa compressa Poa cusickii Poapratensis Poa sandbergii Sitanion hystrix Stipa columbiana Stipa comata Stipa occidentalis Stipa thurberiana Sedge: Carex rossii Carex geyeri Kobresia simpliduscula Shrub: Artemisia arbuscula Atremisia tridentata spp. tridentata Atremisia tridentata ssp. ivyomingensis Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana Artemisia rigida Cercocarpus ledifolius Chrysothamnus nauseosus Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Grayia spinosa Holodiscus dumosus Purshia tridentata Ribes cereum Symphoricarpos oreophilus Tetradymia canescens Tetradymia glabrata
327 Common name Scientific name
Fish: Bass Micropterus spp. Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Goose Lake sucker Catostomtts occidentalis lacusanserinus Klamath Largescale sucker Catostomus snyderi Lahontan Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus Malheur sculpin Cottus bairdi ssp. Margined sculpin Cottus marginatus Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata Pit-Klanath Brook lamprey Lampetra lethophaga Pygmy whitefish Prosopium coulteri Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss ssp. Shorthead sculpin Cottus confusus Shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris Slender sculpin Cottus tenuis Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss mykiss Torrent sculpin Cottus rhotheus Walleye Stizostedion vitreum vitreum Westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi Wood River Bridgelip sucker Catostomus columbianus hubbsi Wood River sculpin Cottus leiopomus Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri Birds: American kestrel Falco sparverius American robin Turdus migratorius Ash-throated flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Band-tailed pigeon Columba fasciata Bank swallow Riparia riparia Barn swallow Hirundo rustica Barred owl Strix varia Black-backed woodpecker Picoides arcticus Black-billed magpie Pica pica Black-capped rosy finch Leucosticte arctoa Common name Scientific name
Black-chinned hummingbird Archilochus alexandri Black-throated gray warbler Dendroica nigrescens Blue grouse Dendragapus obscurus Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus Boreal owl Aegolius fumreus Brewer's blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus Brewer's sparrow Spizella breweri Broad-tailed hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus Burrowing owl Athene cunicularia Bushtit Psaltriparus minimus Canyon Wren Catherpes mexicanus Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum Chestnut-backed chickadee Pants rufescens Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Chukar Alectoris chukar Cliff swallow Hirundo pyrrhonota Columbia sharp-tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus Common loon Gavia immer Common nighthawk Chordeiles minor Common poorwill Phalaenoptilus nuttallii Common raven Corvus corax Common snipe Gallinago gallinago Cooper's hawk Accipiter cooperii Downy woodpecker Picoides pubescens Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri European starling Sturnus vulgaris Ferruginous hawk Buteo regalis Flammulated owl Otus flammeolus Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos Grasshopper sparrow Ammodramus savannarum Gray flycatcher Empidonax wrightii Gray partridge Perdix perdix Great horned owl Bubo virginianus Greater sandhill crane Grus canadensis tabida Great gray owl Strix nebulosa Green-tailed towhee Pipilo chlorurus Hammond's flycatcher Empidonax hammondii Harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus Horned lark Eremophila alpestris
329 Common name Scientific name
House finch Carpodacus mexicanus Lark bunting Calamospiza melanocorys Lark sparrow Chondestes grammacus Lazuli bunting Passerina amoena Lewis' woodpecker Melanerpes lewis Loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus Long-billed curlew Numenius americanus Long-eared owl Asia otus Merlin Falco columbarius Mountain bluebird Sialia currucoides Mountain chickadee Pants gambeli Mountain quail Oreortyx pictus Mourning dove Zenaida macroura Northern flicker Colaptes auratus Northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis Northern pygmy-owl Glaucidium gnoma Northern rough-winged swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis Northern shrike Lanius execubitor Northern spotted owl Strix occidentalis caurina Olive-sided flycatcher Contopus borealis Pileated woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus Pine siskin Carduelis pinus Pinyon jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus Prairie Falcon Falco mexicanus Pygmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea Red-eyed vireo Vireo olivaceus Red-naped sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis Red-tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis Red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus Ring-necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus Rock wren Salpinctes obsoletus Rough-legged hawk Buteo lagopus Rufous hummingbird Selasphorus rufus Rufous-sided towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus Sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus Sage sparrow Amphispiza belli Sage thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus Sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus Short-eared owl Asia flammeus Southern red-backed vole Clethrionomys gapperi Common name Scientific name
Spotted sandpiper Actitis macularia Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri Swainson's hawk Buteo swainsoni Three-toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus Townsend's solitaire Madestes townsendi Townsend's Warbler Dendroica townsendi Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor Turkey vulture Cathartes aura Upland sandpiper Bartramia longicauda Vaux's swift Chaetura vauxi Veery Catharus fitscescens Vesper sparrow Pooecetes gramineus Violet-green swallow Tachycineta thalassina Western bluebird Sialia mexicana Western meadowlark Sturnella neglecta Western red-backed vole Clethrionomys californicus Western screech owl Otus kennicottii Western snowy plover Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus Western tanager Piranga ludoviciana White-breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis White-headed woodpecker Picoides albolarvatus White-winged crossbill Loxia leucoptera Wild turkey Meleagris gallopavo Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Williamson's sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus Willow flycatcher Empidonax traillii Wilson's warbler Wilsonia pusilla Winter wren Troglodytes troglodytes Wood duck Aix sponsa Woodpecker Picoides spp. Yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus Yellow-breasted chat Icteria virens Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendroica coronata Yellow warbler Dendroica petechia Mammals: American badger Taxidea taxus American marten Martes americana Black bear Ursus americanus Black-tailed jackrabbit Lepus californicus Bobcat Lynx rufus
331 Common name Scientific name
Bushy-tailed woodrat Neotoma cinerea California bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis californiana Chipmunk Tamias spp. Common porcupine Erethizon dorsatum Coyote Canis latrans Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Domestic horse (Feral) Equus caballus Elk Cervus elaphus Fisher Manes pennanti Fringed myotis Myotis thysanodes Golden-mantled ground squirrel Spermophilus lateralis Gray wolf Canis lupus Great basin pocket mouse Perognathus parvus Grizzly bear Ursus arctos Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus Least chipmunk Tamias minimus Little brown myotis Myotis lucifugus Long-eared myotis Myotis evotis Long-legged myotis Myotis volans Long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata Lynx Lynx lynx Moose Alces alces Mountain lion Felis concolor Mountain (or bighorn) sheep Ovis canadensis Mule or black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus Northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus Northern grasshopper mouse Onychomys leucogaster Ord's kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordii Pale western big-eared bat Plecotus townsendii pallescens Pallid bat Antrozous pallidus Pinon mouse Peromyscus truei Pronghorn antelope Antilocapra americana Pygmy rabbit Brachylagus idahoensis Rocky Mountain elk Cervus elaphus nelsonii Rocky Mountain gray wolf Canis lupis irremotus Silver-haired bat Lasionycteris noctivagans Spotted bat Euderma maculatum Squirrel Ammospermophilus spp. Townsend's big-eared bat Plecotus townsendii Townsend's ground squirrel Spermophilus townsendii
332 Common name Scientific name
Washington ground squirrel Spermophilus washingtoni Western small-footed myotis Myotis ciliolabrum White tail deer Odocoileus virginianus White-tailed jack rabbit Lefus townsendii Wolverine Gulo gulo Woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou Yellow-pine chipmunk Tamias amoenus Yuma Myotis Myotis yumanensis Amphibians and Reptiles: Coeur d'Alene salamander Plethodon idahoensis Common garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis Desert horned lizard Phrynosoma platyrhinos Gopher snake Pituophis melanoleucus Longnose leopard lizard Gambelia wislizenii Long-toed salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum Mojave black-collared lizard Crotaphytus bicinctores Night snake Hypsiglena torquata Northern leopard frog Ranapipiens Pacific treefrog Pseudacris regilla Painted turtle Chrysemys picta Racer Coluber constrictor Rubber boa Charina bottae Sagebrush lizard Sceloporus graciosus Sharp-tailed snake Contia tenuis Short-horned lizard Phrynosoma douglassii Side-blotched lizard Ufa stansburiana Southern alligator lizard Elgaria multicarinatas Spotted frog species A Rana pretiosa sp. A Spotted frog species B Ranapretiosa sp. B Striped whipsnake Masticophis taeniatus Tailed frog Ascaphus truei Western fence lizard Sceloporus occidentalis Western pond turtle Clemmys marmorata Western rattlesnake Crotalus viridis Western skink Eumeces skiltonianus Western toad Bufo boreas Woodhouse's toad Bufo woodhousii
333 List of Acronyms ICRB Interior Columbia River Basin ASQ Allowable Sale Quantity INFISH Inland Native Fish Strategy AUM Animal Unit Month NEPA National Environmental Policy Act BEA Bureau of Economic Analysis NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service BLM Bureau of Land Management NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration BMPs Best Management Practices NWFP Northwest Forest Plan BTUs British Thermal Units PACFISH Pacific Anadromous Fish Strategy CFR Code of Federal Regulations PILT Payments in Lieu of Taxes CRBSUM Columbia River Basin Succession Model RAC Resource Advisory Committee EIS Environmental Impact Statement RHCA Riparian Habitat Conservation Area EEIS Eastside EIS Planning/Management RMA Riparian Management Area Area ROS Recreation Opportunity Spectrum EPA Environmental Protection Agency PVG Potential Vegetation Group ERU Ecological Reporting Units PVT Potential Vegetation Type ESI Existing Scenic Integrity RVD Recreation Visitor Day FACA Federal Advisory Committe Act SER Species-Environment Relations FEMAT Forest Ecosystem Management (database) Assessment Team SIC Standard Industrial Code FIRE BEA designation, Finance, Insurance SIT Science Integration Team and Real Estate industries TES Threatened and Endangered Species FS Forest Service UCRB Upper Columbia River Basin EIS FSH Forest Service Handbook Planning/Management Area GIS Geographic Information System USDA United States Department of GPM General Planning Model Agriculture GSP Gross State Product USDI United States Department of Interior HUCs Hydrologic Unit Codes USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service LWD Large Woody Debris USGS United States Geological Survey ICBEMP Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project Metric Conversion Mile (mi)=1.61 Kilometers (km) Kilometer (km)=.62 Miles (mi) Square Kilometers (km2)=.39 Square Miles (mi2) Centimeter (cm)=.3937 Inches (in) Meter (m)=3.28 Feet (ft) Hectare (ha)= 10,000 Square Meters (m2) Hectare (ha)=2.47 Acres (ac) Acre (ac)=43,560 Square Feet (ft2)
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1997 - 589-106 / 41223 REGION NO. 10
Quigley, Thomas M.; Arbelbide, Sylvia J., tech. eds. 1997. An assessment of ecosystem components in the interior Columbia basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-405. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 4 vol. (Quigley, Thomas M., tech. ed.; The Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project: Scientific Assessment).
This paper provides detailed information about current conditions and trends for the biophysical and social systems within the basin. Social and economic conditions within the assessment area differ considerably depending to a great extent on population, diversity of employment opportunities, and changing demographics. This information can be used by land managers to develop broad management goals and priorities and provides the context for decisions specific to smaller geographic areas.
Keywords: Columbia basin, biophysical systems, social systems, ecosystem.
The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation's forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, coopera- tion with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and National Grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communica- tion of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, or call (800) 245-6340 (voice), or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer. Pacific Northwest Research Station 333 S.W. First Avenue P.O. Box 3890 Portland, Oregon 97208-3890