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Kebijakan-Kebijakan Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid Tahun 1999-2001

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Kebijakan-Kebijakan Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid Tahun 1999-2001 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI KEBIJAKAN-KEBIJAKAN PRESIDEN ABDURRAHMAN WAHID TAHUN 1999-2001 MAKALAH Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Oleh: LAURENTIUS RIGEN DARIS NIM: 101314022 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2016 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI KEBIJAKAN-KEBIJAKAN PRESIDEN ABDURRAHMAN WAHID TAHUN 1999-2001 MAKALAH Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Oleh: LAURENTIUS RIGEN DARIS NIM: 101314022 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2016 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN Makalah ini ku persembahkan kepada: Kedua orangtuaku yang selalu mendoakan dan mendukungku. Kedua kakak perempuanku yang selalu menyemangatiku. Almamaterku. iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI HALAMAN MOTTO Menyesali nasib tidak akan mengubah keadaan. Terus berkarya dan bekerjalah yang membuat kita berharga. (Abdurrahman Wahid) Bangunlah suatu dunia dimana suatu bangsa hidup dalam damai dan persaudaraan (Ir. Soekarno) Setialah pada hal-hal yang kecil, karena kelak disanalah kekuatanmu berasal. (Bunda Teresa) v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK KEBIJAKAN-KEBIJAKAN PRESIDEN ABDURRAHMAN WAHID TAHUN 1999-2001 Oleh: Laurentius Rigen Daris Universitas Sanata Dharma 2016 Makalah ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan: (1) Latar belakang kehidupan Abdurrahman Wahid, (2) Kebijakan-kebijakan Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid, (3) Jasa-jasa Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid. Penulisan makalah ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan langkah- langkah heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Pendekatan yang dipakai adalah pendekatan sosial-budaya. Cara penulisannya bersifat deskriptis analitis. Hasil penulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Latar belakang kehidupan Abdurrahman Wahid sebagai seorang tokoh Nahdlatul Ulama yang kemudian menjadi Presiden Indonesia ke-4, (2) Kebijakan-kebijakan Presiden Abdurrahman dilakukan untuk mereformasi pemerintahan, walaupun terdapat kontroversi dalam melaksanakan kebijakan tersebut, (3) Jasa-jasa Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid adalah penegakan nilai-nilai demokrasi, menjunjung Hak Asasi Manusia, melindungi budaya kelompok minoritas dan menjunjung pluralisme. viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT THE POLICIES OF PRESIDENT ABDURRAHMAN WAHID AT 1999-2001 By: Laurentius Rigen Daris Sanata Dharma University 2016 This paper aims to describe: (1) The background of Abdurrahman Wahid’s life, (2) The policies of President Abdurrahman Wahid, (3) Contributions of Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid . In writing this paper, the writer employed with heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiography method. The approach used was social-cultural approach. The way of writing was descriptive analytical. The result of the paper shows: (1) Abdurrahman Wahid’s life as the leader of Nahdlatul Ulama, who later became the 4th President of Indonesia, (2) President Abdurrahman Wahid policies to reform the government, although there is controversy in implementing the policy (3) Contributions of President Abdurrahman Wahid are uplholding the values of democracy, respect for human rights, protection of the culture of minority groups, and upholding of pluralism. ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan makalah yang berjudul “Kebijakan-Kebijakan Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid Tahun 1999-2001”. Makalah ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk meraih gelar Sarjana, Progam Studi Pendidikan Sejarah, Jurusan Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta. Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan makalah ini tidak terlepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak, maka pada kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan ucapan terimakasih kepada: 1. Dekan Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta. 2. Dra. Theresia Sumini, M.Pd., selaku Ketua Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Sanata Dharma yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk menyelesaikan makalah ini. 3. Drs. Sutarjo Adisusilo. J.R., M.Pd, selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah sabar membimbing, membantu, dan memberikan banyak pengarahan, saran serta masukan selama penyusunan makalah ini. 4. Seluruh dosen dan pihak sekretariat Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah yang telah memberikan dukungan dan bantuan selama penulis menyelesaikan studi di Universitas Sanata Dharma. 5. Seluruh karyawan Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma yang telah memberikan pelayanan dan membantu penulis dalam memperoleh sumber penulisan makalah ini. 6. Kedua orang tuaku tercinta Petrus Suwaris dan Placidia Indarti yang telah memberikan dorongan spiritual dan doa sehingga penulis dapat x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL .......................................................................................... i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING .............................................. ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................ iii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ........................................................................ iv HALAMAN MOTTO ........................................................................................ v PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA ............................................................ vi LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS ......................................... vii ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ ix KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ x DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... xii BAB I : PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................. 1 B. Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 5 C. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penulisan ....................................................... 5 1. Tujuan Penulisan ..................................................................... 5 2. Manfaat Penulisan ................................................................... 6 D. Sistematika Penulisan ..................................................................... 7 BAB II : KEBIJAKAN-KEBIJAKAN PRESIDEN ABDURRAHMAN WAHID 1999-2001 A. Latar Belakang Kehidupan Abdurrahman Wahid .......................... 8 1. Abdurrahman Wahid dan Keluarga .......................................... 8 2. Abdurrahman Wahid dan NU ................................................... 15 3. Abdurrahman Wahid dan PKB ................................................. 23 4. Pemilihan Umum 1999 ............................................................. 24 B. Kebijakan-Kebijakan Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid ..................... 30 xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 1. Pengertian Kebijakan ................................................................ 30 2. Faktor-Faktor Penentu Kebijakan ............................................. 32 3. Kebijakan Bidang Politik, Ekonomi, Sosial dan Budaya Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid .................................................. 32 C. Jasa-Jasa Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid Bagi Indonesia ............... 44 1. Pembumian Nilai-Nilai Demokrasi .......................................... 44 2. Abdurrahman Wahid dan Misi Kemanusiaan Dunia ................ 45 3. Abdurrahman Wahid dan Plurarisme ....................................... 46 D. Analisis Kebijakan -Kebijakan Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid 1999-2001 ........................................................................................ 48 1. Kelebihan Kebijakan Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid ............... 48 2. Kelemahan Kebijakan Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid ............. 48 3. Lengsernya Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid .............................. 49 BAB III : KESIMPULAN ................................................................................ 53 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 55 LAMPIRAN xiii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1: Silabus .............................................................................................. 56 Lampiran 2: RPP ................................................................................................... 59 xiv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Pemilihan Umum bulan Juni 1999 merupakan pemilu pertama setelah masa Orde Baru yang sangat demokratis, tanpa dipengaruhi oleh adanya tindak kekerasan yang berarti, serta tanpa adanya penekanan dari salah satu kontestan yang dominan.1 Partai PKB ikut serta dalam arena pemilu
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