DEPARTMENT of SPACE DEMAND NO.92 Department of Space A
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Semi Cryogenic Propellants: an Overview of a Non Toxic Propellant for Delivering Heavier Payloads to Space
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD ISSN: 2455-0620 Volume - 6, Issue - 10, Oct – 2020 Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal with IC Value: 86.87 Impact Factor: 6.719 Received Date: 12/10/2020 Acceptance Date: 26/10/2020 Publication Date: 31/10/2020 SEMI CRYOGENIC PROPELLANTS: AN OVERVIEW OF A NON TOXIC PROPELLANT FOR DELIVERING HEAVIER PAYLOADS TO SPACE 1Aiswarya A. Satheesan, 2Akash R S, 3Gokul Krishna Menon, 4Ishwaragowda V Patil 1, 2, 3Student, 4Assistant Professor 1, 2, 3ACE College of Engineering, Trivandrum, 4 Shree Devi Institute of Techchnology Email - [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Semi cryogenic fueled rockets use refined kerosene instead of liquid hydrogen, which is used in combination with liquid oxygen as the propellant in the cryogenic engine which is stored in a normal temperature. The refined kerosene needs lesser space to make it possible to carry more propellant in the semi cryogenic fuel part. Semi cryogenics is more powerful, ecofriendly and the cost effective compared to cryogenic engines. Key Words: Semi cryogenics, Cryogenics, Propellant, ULV. 1. INTRODUCTION: Kerosene as a fuel has its advantage of burn off gas eco-friendly and cost effective and relative safety. Unlike liquid hydrogen and oxygen which has to store at -253 and 183 degree Celsius respectively, it is stable at room temperature. Kerosene is a fuel which produces line fumes in its paraffin form, it is considered environmentally friendly. It is a non-corrosive fuel, safe to store for a long time. Depending in what kind of container in which it is stored, kerosene can be kept in storage for a 1 year to 10 year. -
Access to Space Through Isro Launch Vehicles
Volume -2, Issue-4, October 2012 ACCESS TO SPACE THROUGH ISRO subsystems of a complex launch vehicle but also the maturity attained in conceiving, designing and realizing LAUNCH VEHICLES other vital elements viz., control, guidance, navigation Introduction : and staging systems. The nation’s capability to plan, integrate and carry out a satellite launch mission which is Climbing out of the Earth’s gravity well and transcending truly a multi-disciplinary technological challenge was the dense atmospheric shield is the most energy intensive proved on July 18, 1980 when India successfully orbited crucial first step in the journey into space and the Launch Rohini-1 satellite on SLV-3 E02 flight. Vehicles are the primary viable means of accomplishing this task. India acquired the capability to orbit a satellite While the sub-orbital sounding rockets which just carry in 1980, when SLV-3 the indigenously developed all the payload instruments upto a height of 100 to 200 solid launcher deployed the 40 kg Rohini satellite around kilometers have very few sub-systems apart from the earth. Tremendous progress has been made in this area propulsive device, a Satellite Launcher which has to in the last three decades and today, India is one among import a velocity of around 8 km/sec and precisely the leading space-faring nations with assured access to deliver the payload into a pre targeted injection vector in space through the work-horse operational launcher space has far more complex systems all of which have to PSLV, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. function flawlessly for a successful orbital mission. -
A Comparison of the Rocket and Satellite Sectors$ Andrew S
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights Author's personal copy Acta Astronautica 103 (2014) 142–167 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Acta Astronautica journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actaastro China's space development history: A comparison of the rocket and satellite sectors$ Andrew S. Erickson a,b,n,1 a U.S. Naval War College, United States b John King Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies, Harvard University, United States article info abstract Article history: China is the most recent great power to emerge in aerospace. It has become the first Received 3 March 2014 developing nation to achieve some measure of aerospace production capability across Received in revised form the board. Outside the developed aerospace powers, only China has demonstrated 16 May 2014 competence concerning all aspects of a world-class aerospace industry: production of Accepted 16 June 2014 advanced rockets, satellites, and aircraft and of their supporting engineering, materials, Available online 26 June 2014 and systems. As an emerging great power during the Cold War, China was still limited in Keywords: resources, technology access, and capabilities. -
The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017
Federal Aviation Administration The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 January 2017 Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 i Contents About the FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 51 United States Code, Subtitle V, Chapter 509 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA AST is directed to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA AST’s website: http://www.faa.gov/go/ast Cover art: Phil Smith, The Tauri Group (2017) Publication produced for FAA AST by The Tauri Group under contract. NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. ii Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 GENERAL CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Introduction 5 Launch Vehicles 9 Launch and Reentry Sites 21 Payloads 35 2016 Launch Events 39 2017 Annual Commercial Space Transportation Forecast 45 Space Transportation Law and Policy 83 Appendices 89 Orbital Launch Vehicle Fact Sheets 100 iii Contents DETAILED CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . -
MIT Japan Program Working Paper 01.10 the GLOBAL COMMERCIAL
MIT Japan Program Working Paper 01.10 THE GLOBAL COMMERCIAL SPACE LAUNCH INDUSTRY: JAPAN IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Saadia M. Pekkanen Assistant Professor Department of Political Science Middlebury College Middlebury, VT 05753 [email protected] I am grateful to Marco Caceres, Senior Analyst and Director of Space Studies, Teal Group Corporation; Mark Coleman, Chemical Propulsion Information Agency (CPIA), Johns Hopkins University; and Takashi Ishii, General Manager, Space Division, The Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies (SJAC), Tokyo, for providing basic information concerning launch vehicles. I also thank Richard Samuels and Robert Pekkanen for their encouragement and comments. Finally, I thank Kartik Raj for his excellent research assistance. Financial suppport for the Japan portion of this project was provided graciously through a Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Harvard Academy of International and Area Studies. MIT Japan Program Working Paper Series 01.10 Center for International Studies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Room E38-7th Floor Cambridge, MA 02139 Phone: 617-252-1483 Fax: 617-258-7432 Date of Publication: July 16, 2001 © MIT Japan Program Introduction Japan has been seriously attempting to break into the commercial space launch vehicles industry since at least the mid 1970s. Yet very little is known about this story, and about the politics and perceptions that are continuing to drive Japanese efforts despite many outright failures in the indigenization of the industry. This story, therefore, is important not just because of the widespread economic and technological merits of the space launch vehicles sector which are considerable. It is also important because it speaks directly to the ongoing debates about the Japanese developmental state and, contrary to the new wisdom in light of Japan's recession, the continuation of its high technology policy as a whole. -
HUMAN ADAPTATION to SPACEFLIGHT: the ROLE of FOOD and NUTRITION Second Edition
National Aeronautics and Human Space Administration Adaptation to Spaceflight: The Role of Food and Nutrition Second Edition Scott M. Smith Sara R. Zwart Grace L. Douglas Martina Heer National Aeronautics and Space Administration HUMAN ADAPTATION TO SPACEFLIGHT: THE ROLE OF FOOD AND NUTRITION Second Edition Scott M. Smith Grace L. Douglas Nutritionist; Advanced Food Technology Lead Scientist; Manager for Nutritional Biochemistry Manager for Exploration Food Systems Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory Space Food Systems Laboratory Biomedical Research and Human Systems Engineering and Environmental Sciences Division Integration Division Human Health and Performance Human Health and Performance Directorate Directorate NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas USA Houston, Texas USA Sara R. Zwart Martina Heer Senior Scientist; Nutritionist; Deputy Manager for Nutritional Program Director Nutritional Sciences Biochemistry IU International University of Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory Applied Sciences Biomedical Research and Bad Reichenhall, Germany Environmental Sciences Division & Human Health and Performance Adjunct Professor of Nutrition Physiology Directorate Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences NASA Johnson Space Center University of Bonn, Germany Houston, Texas USA & Preventive Medicine and Population Health University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas USA Table of Contents Preface ......................................................................................................................... -
Espinsights the Global Space Activity Monitor
ESPInsights The Global Space Activity Monitor Issue 6 April-June 2020 CONTENTS FOCUS ..................................................................................................................... 6 The Crew Dragon mission to the ISS and the Commercial Crew Program ..................................... 6 SPACE POLICY AND PROGRAMMES .................................................................................... 7 EUROPE ................................................................................................................. 7 COVID-19 and the European space sector ....................................................................... 7 Space technologies for European defence ...................................................................... 7 ESA Earth Observation Missions ................................................................................... 8 Thales Alenia Space among HLS competitors ................................................................... 8 Advancements for the European Service Module ............................................................... 9 Airbus for the Martian Sample Fetch Rover ..................................................................... 9 New appointments in ESA, GSA and Eurospace ................................................................ 10 Italy introduces Platino, regions launch Mirror Copernicus .................................................. 10 DLR new research observatory .................................................................................. -
China Missile Chronology
China Missile Chronology Last update: June 2012 2012 18 May 2012 The Department of Defense releases the 2012 “Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China” report. The report highlights that the PLA Air force is modernizing its ground‐based air defense forces with conventional medium‐range ballistic missiles, which can “conduct precision strikes against land targets and naval ships, including aircraft carriers, operating far from China’s shores beyond the first island chain.” According to the Department of Defense’s report, China will acquire DF‐31A intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and enhanced, silo‐based DF‐5 (CSS‐4) ICMBs by 2015. To date, China is the third country that has developed a stealth combat aircraft, after the U.S. and Russia. J‐20 is expected conduct military missions by 2018. It will be equipped with “air‐to‐air missiles, air‐to‐surface missiles, anti‐radiation missiles, laser‐guided bombs and drop bombs.”J‐20 stealth fighter is a distinguished example of Chinese military modernization. – Office of Secretary of Defense, “Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2012,” distributed by U.S. Department of Defense, May 2012, www.defense.gov; Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, David Helvey, “Press Briefing on 2012 DOD Report to Congress on ‘Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China,’” distributed by U.S. Department of Defense, 18 May 2012, www.defense.gov; “Chengdu J‐20 Multirole Stealth Fighter Aircraft, China,” Airforce‐Technology, www.airforce‐technology.com. 15 April 2012 North Korea shows off a potential new ICBM in a military parade. -
Sale Price Drives Potential Effects on DOD and Commercial Launch Providers
United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Addressees August 2017 SURPLUS MISSILE MOTORS Sale Price Drives Potential Effects on DOD and Commercial Launch Providers Accessible Version GAO-17-609 August 2017 SURPLUS MISSILE MOTORS Sale Price Drives Potential Effects on DOD and Commercial Launch Providers Highlights of GAO-17-609, a report to congressional addressees Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found The U.S. government spends over a The Department of Defense (DOD) could use several methods to set the sale billion dollars each year on launch prices of surplus intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) motors that could be activities as it strives to help develop a converted and used in vehicles for commercial launch if current rules prohibiting competitive market for space launches such sales were changed. One method would be to determine a breakeven and assure its access to space. Among price. Below this price, DOD would not recuperate its costs, and, above this others, one launch option is to use price, DOD would potentially save. GAO estimated that DOD could sell three vehicles derived from surplus ICBM Peacekeeper motors—the number required for one launch, or, a “motor set”—at motors such as those used on the Peacekeeper and Minuteman missiles. a breakeven price of about $8.36 million and two Minuteman II motors for about The Commercial Space Act of 1998 $3.96 million, as shown below. Other methods for determining motor prices, such prohibits the use of these motors for as fair market value as described in the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory commercial launches and limits their Board Handbook, resulted in stakeholder estimates ranging from $1.3 million per use in government launches in part to motor set to $11.2 million for a first stage Peacekeeper motor. -
Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS)
Topic: Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) Course: Remote Sensing and GIS (CC-11) M.A. Geography (Sem.-3) By Dr. Md. Nazim Professor, Department of Geography Patna College, Patna University Lecture-5 Concept: India's remote sensing program was developed with the idea of applying space technologies for the benefit of human kind and the development of the country. The program involved the development of three principal capabilities. The first was to design, build and launch satellites to a sun synchronous orbit. The second was to establish and operate ground stations for spacecraft control, data transfer along with data processing and archival. The third was to use the data obtained for various applications on the ground. India demonstrated the ability of remote sensing for societal application by detecting coconut root-wilt disease from a helicopter mounted multispectral camera in 1970. This was followed by flying two experimental satellites, Bhaskara-1 in 1979 and Bhaskara-2 in 1981. These satellites carried optical and microwave payloads. India's remote sensing programme under the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) started off in 1988 with the IRS-1A, the first of the series of indigenous state-of-art operating remote sensing satellites, which was successfully launched into a polar sun-synchronous orbit on March 17, 1988 from the Soviet Cosmodrome at Baikonur. It has sensors like LISS-I which had a spatial resolution of 72.5 meters with a swath of 148 km on ground. LISS-II had two separate imaging sensors, LISS-II A and LISS-II B, with spatial resolution of 36.25 meters each and mounted on the spacecraft in such a way to provide a composite swath of 146.98 km on ground. -
User's Manual If Any
User’s Manual Issue 2/ Revision 0 September 2004 Approved and issued by ARIANESPACE Edouard Perez Senior Vice President Engineering Washington, D.C.,U.S.A. Singapore Siège social / Headquarters Tel : +33 1 60 87 60 00 Tel : +1 202 628-3936 Tel : +65 223 6426 Boulevard de l'Europe Fax : +33 1 60 87 62 47 Fax : +1 202 628-3949 Fax : +65 223 4268 B.P. 177 Tokyo Kourou 91006 Evry-Courcouronnes cedex S.A. au capital de 2 087 910 000 F Tel : +81 3 3592-2766 Tel : +594 33 67 07 www.arianespace.com France RCS Evry B 318 516 457 Fax : +81 3 3592-2768 Fax : +594 33 62 66 User’s Manual Preface This document contains the technical information which is necessary : - to assess compatibility of a spacecraft with the VEGA launches, - to prepare all the technical and operational documentation related to a launch of any spacecraft on VEGA. This document is revised periodically, comments and suggestions on all aspects of this manual will be encouraged and appreciated. Inquiries concerning clarification or interpretation of this manual should be directed to: ARIANESPACE Commercial Directorate / Technical Support Division B.P. 177 - 91006 EVRY Courcouronnes Cedex France Telephone: +33 1 60 87 62 87 Telefax : +33 1 60 87 64 59 Vega User’s manual Foreword Issue 2 FOREWORD The Vega launcher to orbit small payloads in Arianespace Service Vega is being developed within a European Program organised under the aegis of the European Space Agency. The launcher’s prime contractor is ELV S.p.A, a joint company of Fiat Avio and the Italian Space Agency (ASI). -
Utilisation of the Bird Satellite After Its End of Operational Life
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institute of Transport Research:Publications UTILISATION OF THE BIRD SATELLITE AFTER ITS END OF OPERATIONAL LIFE Grundmann, J.T.(1); Halle, W.(2); Montenegro, S.(3); Wüsten, H.(4) (1)DLR Institute of Space Systems, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany, Email:[email protected] (2) DLR Optical Information Systems at the Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics, Rutherfordstraße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Email:[email protected] (3) DLR Institute of Space Systems, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany, Email:[email protected] (4) DLR GSOC Space Operations, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Weßling, Germany, Email:[email protected] ABSTRACT these series are in phase CD and phase A, with launches intended in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The small satellite BIRD has successfully demonstrated the combination of ambitious science and innovative but 1.2. On-board Technical and Ground Segment not necessarily space-proven components in design to Operational Status cost. BIRD’s payload is still fully functional. Its pointing accuracy depends on the still working attitude BIRD operations have in recent years only been control components. Future missions based on BIRD maintained through a skilful and serendipitous experience and design are planned. We suggest a combination of personal and institutional efforts. These continued on-demand use of BIRD as a test bed for their include housekeeping data harvesting for the OOV/TET development. New algorithms and strategies can be development effort, engineering interest in the long- tested on BIRD by software upload before taking risks term behaviour of infrared sensors and mechanical on its successors.