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Individuaalne Stiil Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia Martti Raide INDIVIDUAALNE STIIL JA AJASTU STIIL EESTI LAULUKLASSIKA INTERPRETATSIOONIS: ARTUR KAPI „METSATEEL“ JA MART SAARE „TA TULI...“ SALVESTISTE PÕHJAL Töö doktorikraadi taotlemiseks Juhendaja: professor Margus Pärtlas Tallinn 2010 Sisukord Abstrakt ................................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Sissejuhatus ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Aine ja taustsüsteem ...................................................................................................... 8 1.2. Mõisted ja meetod.......................................................................................................... 8 2. Interpretatasioonist: väljenduslik aspekt ja esitusstiil .................................................. 13 3. Eesti lauluklassika salvestised .......................................................................................... 19 4. Salvestiste võrdlev analüüs ............................................................................................... 28 4.1. Artur Kapp – „Metsateel“ ............................................................................................ 28 4.1.1. Artur Kapi vokaalkammermuusika....................................................................... 28 4.1.2. Soololaul „Metsateel” ........................................................................................... 31 4.1.3. Ülevaade salvestusloost ........................................................................................ 34 4.1.4. „Metsateel” – kuus salvestist aastatest 1934–2001............................................... 40 4.1.4.1. Salvestiste üldiseloomustus ........................................................................... 40 4.1.4.2. Salvestiste vastavus nooditekstile.................................................................. 45 4.1.4.3. Tempokäsitlus ja fraasikujundus.................................................................... 50 4.1.4.4. Dünaamika ..................................................................................................... 71 4. 1. 4. 5. Ansambel .................................................................................................... 80 4.2. Mart Saar – „Ta tuli...“................................................................................................. 88 4.2.1. Mart Saare vokaalkammermuusikast ja selle esitajatest....................................... 88 4.2.2. Soololaul „Ta tuli...” ja selle salvestuslugu .......................................................... 92 4.2.3. „Ta tuli...” – neli salvestist aastatest 1961–1982 .................................................. 96 4.2.3.1. Salvestiste üldiseloomustus ........................................................................... 96 4.2.3.2. Salvestiste vastavus nooditekstile.................................................................. 99 4.2.3.3. Tempokäsitlus ja fraasikujundus.................................................................. 103 4.2.3.4. Dünaamika ................................................................................................... 120 4.2.3.5. Ansambel ..................................................................................................... 128 5. Kokkuvõte ........................................................................................................................ 133 Allikad ja kirjandus ............................................................................................................ 137 Lisad ..................................................................................................................................... 141 Lisa 1. Analüüsitavate laulude noodid............................................................................. 141 Lisa 2. „Metsateel” salvestised ......................................................................................... 151 Lisa 3. Mart Saare „Ta tuli...” salvestised......................................................................... 153 Lisa 4. Interpreetide elulood ............................................................................................. 154 Lisa 5. CD analüüsitavate salvestistega............................................................................ 159 2 Individuaalne stiil ja ajastu stiil eesti lauluklassika interpretatsioonis: Artur Kapi „Metsateel“ ja Mart Saare „Ta tuli...“ salvestiste põhjal Abstrakt Käesoleva töö keskne eesmärk on vaadelda individuaalse ja ajastule omase stiili suhteid eesti lauluklassika interpretatsioonis. Artur Kapi „Metsateel” ja Mart Saare „Ta tuli...“ salvestised on vahend selle uurimiseks. Uurimuse meetod tugineb süvendatud kuulamisele ( close listening ), mis sõltuvalt käsitluse vaatenurgast keskendub esituse erinevatele aspektidele, ja mida toetavad empiirilised mõõtmistulemused (stopper, metronoom) ning arvutiprogrammi abil saadud visualiseeringud. Saadud tulemusi on üksikasjalikult ja süstemaatiliselt kirjeldatud. Töös kasutatakse arvutitarkvara Sonic Visualiser , mille loojate eesmärgiks oli tekitada digitaalne keskkond, mis vastab salvestiste analüüsi nõuetele (mõõtmine, kõrvutamine jne) ning võimaldab kuuldavat helipilti visualiseerida detailirohkelt läbi erinevate graafiliste lahenduste. Tinglikult võib käesoleva uurimuse jagada kaheks. Esimeses osas avab sissejuhatusele järgnev 2. peatükk interpretatsiooni mõistet läbi erinevate käsitluste ja loob taustsüsteemi hilisema analüüsi paremaks mõistmiseks. 3. peatükis antakse panoraamne ülevaade eesti lauluklassika salvestistest tiražeeritud helikandjal, haarates ajavahemikku 20. sajandi algusest tänaseni. Töö põhiosa moodustab 4. peatükk, milles vaadeldakse laulude „Metsateel“ ja Ta tuli...“ salvestisi. Eraldi antakse ülevaade Artur Kapi ja Mart Saare vokaalkammerloomingust ja analüüsitavatest lauludest, hõlmates mõlema teose retseptsiooni nii kontserdilaval kui heliplaatidel. Detailsesse analüüsi on kaasatud kokku kümme ülesvõtet (kuus salvestist laulust „Metsateel“ ja neli salvestist laulust „Ta tuli...“), millede erinevaid aspekte on vaadeldud eraldi alapeatükkides. Nii leiab käsitlemist salvestiste vastavus nooditekstile, esituste tempokujundus ja fraseerimese laad, dünaamika, samuti interpreetide muusikaline partnerlus. 3 Individual style and period style in the interpretation of Estonian song classics: on the basis of the recordings of „Metsateel“ by Artur Kapp and „Ta tuli...“ by Mart Saar Abstract The aim of the present work is to analyse the relations of an individual style in the interpretation of the Estonian song classics with the approaches characteristic of a period. The research is based on the recordings of Artur Kapp’s song „Metsateel“ ( On a Forest Path ) and Mart Saar’s song „Ta tuli...“ ( She Came... ). The method of analysis is based on close listening, which focuses on different aspects of the interpretations and is supported by empirical measuring (with a stop watch and a metronome), and visualisations obtained with the help of a computer program. The results are given a detailed and systematic description. The software used is Sonic Visualizer , the purpose of which is to create a digital environment suitable for the analysis of recordings (measuring, comparing, etc.), rendering possible a detailed visualisation of an audible sound complex through different graphic solutions. The research can be divided into two parts. In the first one, Chapter 2 that follows the introduction gives an overview of different approaches to the concept of interpretation, providing the reader with a background for a better understanding of the analysis that is to follow. Chapter 3 gives a panoramic survey of the recordings of Estonian song classics released to public, from the beginning of the 20th century up to today. Chapter 4 contains the main body of the work, which analyses the recordings of „Metsateel“ and „Ta tuli...“. The chapter includes an overview of the vocal chamber music of Artur Kapp and Mart Saar, as well as the history of the reception of the two songs both in concert halls and as recordings. The detailed analysis involves 10 recordings (6 recordings of the song „Metsateel“ and 4 recording of „Ta tuli...“), the different aspects of which are examined in separate sections of the chapter. The aspects that are analysed include the recordings’ correspondence to the score, the formation of the performance’s tempo and phrasing, the dynamics of the performance, and the musical partnership of the performers. 4 1. Sissejuhatus Esituskunst pälvib muusikaloolistes käsitlustes heliloomingu kõrval järjest enam iseseisvat tähelepanu. Interpreetidest on küll ajaloolisi uurimusi ja memuaare, kuid vähe nende kunsti analüüse, mille üheks põhjuseks on objektiivsete allikate nappus. Teame, et interpretatsioonikunst muutub ajas samamoodi nagu helilooming. Selles protsessis on tihti suunanäitajaks silmapaistvate interpreetide tegevus. Me tunneme ja hindame nende kõrget professionaalset taset ning isikupärast väljenduslaadi, kuid vähem anname endile aru, kuivõrd mängib nende kunstniku-mina kujunemisel rolli kultuuriline kontekst – keskkond, milles muusik areneb ja kus ta oma kunsti viljeleb. Teisisõnu, ajastu stiil ehk ajajärgule omane väärtushinnangute kogum vormib interpreeti
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