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L'affaire Jean Lemoine (1867-1938)

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L'affaire Jean Lemoine (1867-1938) 2 L’affaire Jean Lemoine (1867-1938) En hommage postume à un érudit romilléen qui recouvra sa liberté et son honneur grâce à une résilience bien trempée. L’affaire Jean Lemoine (1867-1938) 3 L'AFFAIRE JEAN LEMOINE (1867-1938) LA LIBERTÉ DE L'ÉCRIVAIN LES PLAIDOIRIES. LE JUGEMENT (Revue des grands procès contemporains, 1934) LE RÉGIME DES ALIÉNÉS ET LA LIBERTÉ INDIVIDUELLE (Jean Lemoine, Recueil du Sirey, 1934) Chronologie, bibliographie, annexes (Édition établie par Alain Massot) LES CLASSIQUES DES SCIENCES SOCIALES Chicoutimi _____ 2018 4 L’affaire Jean Lemoine (1867-1938) Un document produit en version numérique par Jean-Marie Tremblay, béné- vole, professeur associé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi Courriel: [email protected] Site web pédagogique : http://jmt-sociologue.uqac.ca/ à partir du texte de : L’AFFAIRE JEAN LEMOINE (1867-1938). La liberté de l’écrivain et la liberté individuelle. Édition établie par Alain Massot. Chicoutimi, Québec : Les Classiques des sciences sociales, 2018. La photo de la page couverture, le Palais de justice de Paris Dépôt légal : mai 2018 BAnQ ISBN : Version imprimée : ISBN 978-2-9814062-1-7 Version numérique : ISBN 978-2-9814062-2-4 [Autorisation formelle accordée le 12 mars 2018 par l’auteur de diffuser ce livre en libre accès à tous, en version numérique, dans Les Classiques des sciences sociales.] Courriel : [email protected] Polices de caractères utilisée : Times New Roman, 10 points. Édition électronique réalisée avec le traitement de textes Microsoft Word 2008 pour Macintosh. Mise en page sur papier format : LETTRE US, 8.5’’ x 11’’. Édition numérique réalisée le 30 avril 2018 à Chicoutimi, Québec. L’affaire Jean Lemoine (1867-1938) 5 Table des matières Introduction à la présente édition (Alain Massot)..................................... 7 PREMIÈRE PARTIE LA LIBERTÉ DE L'ÉCRIVAIN...................... [15] I. Plaidoirie de M. le Bâtonnier de Roux............................................. 15 II. Plaidoirie de Me Philippe de Las Cases........................................... 37 III. Plaidoirie de Me Pierre Masse......................................................... 51 IV. Réplique de M. le Bâtonnier de Roux.............................................. 89 V. Conclusions de M. Brouchot, Substitut du Procureur de la République 97 VI. Le jugement...................................................................................... 109 DEUXIÈME PARTIE LE RÉGIME DES ALIÉNÉS ET LA LIBERTÉ INDIVIDUELLE (Jean Lemoine) ..................................... [115] Préface....................................................................................................... 121 I. L'ancien régime................................................................................ 125 II. Le Droit commun............................................................................. 139 III. Le Retour aux lettres de cachets. La loi du 30 juin 1838. Sa genèse. Ses défauts........................................................................................ 155 IV. La loi du 30 juin 1838. Ses principales dispositions. Ses principaux défauts..................................................................... 167 V. La loi du 30 juin dans son application............................................. 185 VI. La faillite de la loi du 30 juin 1838. Les internements arbitraires... 203 VII. Les projets de réforme...................................................................... 233 6 L’affaire Jean Lemoine (1867-1938) Chronologie de la vie de Jean Lemoine (Alain Massot)............... 273 Bibliographie : livres et recensions, articles (Alain Massot)......... 291 ANNEXES :.................................................................................. 297 I. Ordre de visite du Ministère de la Guerre (10/09/1913) et Rap- 298 port médical. II. Certificat de situation de l'Asile de Léhon (6/02/1919). 299 III. Quelques articles sur l'affaire Lemoine dans le journal 300 L'Ouest-Éclair : — Premier article du journal L'Ouest-Éclair relatif à l'affaire 301 Lemoine : Un scandale dans un asile d'aliénés de notre région. (17/02/1924) — M. Jean Lemoine. Le séquestré : Ses origines bretonnes, 302 sa carrière, ses titres historiques, et littéraires. Une his- toire de la Bretagne. (19/03/1924) — M. Jean Lemoine. À la veille de son internement, l'Acadé- 303 mie française chargeait ce prétendu fou d'un important travail ! (21/03/1924) — Dernier article du journal L'Ouest-Éclair à l'affaire Le- 304 moine : La fin d'un calvaire. M. Jean Lemoine est remis en liberté. Il nous écrit pour remercier l'Ouest-Éclair et toutes les personnes qui l'on aidé à sortir des maisons de fous où il était interné depuis onze ans. (22/04/1924) IV. Lettre de Jean Lemoine au Ministre de la Guerre (20/04/1925) 305 et transcription. V. Testament olographe de Jean Lemoine (2/04/1938), enregistré 307 le 2/06/1938 et transcription. Photo quatrième de couverture : portrait de Jean Lemoine vers 1926 L’affaire Jean Lemoine (1867-1938) 7 L’AFFAIRE JEAN LEMOINE (1867-1938). La liberté de l’écrivain et la liberté individuelle. Introduction QUELQUES NON-DITS DE L'AFFAIRE LEMOINE * Sous le thème de la liberté sont réunies deux publications concer- nant l'affaire Lemoine. « Chartiste » comme on appelle les anciens de l'École nationale des chartes de Paris, bibliothécaire-archiviste au Ser- vice historique du Ministère de la Guerre, paléographe et historien, il laisse des ouvrages originaux sur les XVIIe et le XVIIIe siècles. Leur valeur historique est reconnue, les principaux étant d’ailleurs réimpri- més aux États-Unis et en France. Jean Lemoine vécu des évènements tragiques au cours de sa carrière. Le 26 mai 1913, une haute autorité du Ministère de la Guerre en- voie un huissier quérir à son domicile M. Lemoine, alors attaché au Service historique du même ministère depuis 15 ans, au motif qu'il est convoqué par ses supérieurs. Dans les faits, il est conduit à la clinique psychiatrique du docteur Meuriot à Passy. Le médecin le reçoit en lui disant : « Enfn, mon vieux Lemoine, on te tient, on ne te lâchera pas ! » Diagnostic : « Dé- lire de persécution. » Qu'un médecin accueille un patient avec ces mots laisse entendre qu'il était informé à l'avance sur ce personnage « spécial » et qu'il est complice des autorités du Ministère de la Guerre. En outre, que le médecin du Ministère de la Guerre, dûment dépê- ché, confrme le diagnostic initial du docteur Meuriot : « Délire de per- sécution [...]. Impossibilité absolue de faire du service... » et cela sans même rencontrer Lemoine, représente une négligence professionnelle * Les faits et les citations sont tirées du dossier Jean Lemoine, archives du Service historique de l'Armée de terre, ainsi que des plaidoiries et juge- ments subséquents devant la cour. 8 L’affaire Jean Lemoine (1867-1938) et renforce la thèse de la machination. Ces diagnostics mènent à l'inter- nement en asile de Lemoine. Le fait que Lemoine ait éprouvé des diffcultés professionnelles, l'amenant à vouloir consulter un avocat dans les jours précédents, peut- il constituer une explication satisfaisante à son internement de force ? Et quand est-il de la connivence entre le Ministère de la Guerre et ces médecins ? Que, par ailleurs, l'épouse de Lemoine écrive, subséquemment, une requête au ministre de la Guerre, à l'insu de son mari, pour deman- der sa mise en disponibilité, révèle qu'elle est partie prenante de cet en- lèvement. Ne spécife-t-elle pas désirer une réponse dans une enve- loppe anonyme, en toute discrétion, à son adresse postale ? On s'interroge en effet dans son entourage sur l'absence subite de Lemoine. Si bien que le 4 juin, le commissaire de police adresse un rapport au procureur de la République dans lequel il déclare : « M. Le- moine est parti, soi-disant à la campagne, souffrant de la grippe. Il était accompagné de quelques parents. À cette adresse [son domicile], le sieur Lemoine ne s'est jamais fait remarquer et n'a jamais laissé suppo- ser qu'il ne jouissait pas de toutes ses facultés mentales. » Notons le soupçon du commissaire que refètent l'emploi de l'expression « soi-di- sant » et son avis général sur la personne de Lemoine. Jean Lemoine est frappé d'interdit et mis sous tutelle de sa femme qui prendra, d'une volonté ourdie, toutes les mesures nécessaires pour le faire maintenir en asile, avec la justifcation de certifcats médicaux établissant « son impossibilité à reprendre ses fonctions au Ministère de la Guerre. » Lemoine ne recouvre sa liberté que le 18 avril 1924 — 11 ans plus tard — sur ordonnance d'offce émise par le préfet du Nord, car sa femme l'a fait transférer à l'asile de Lommelet, près de Lille, afn de le maintenir en isolement. Madame Lemoine est destituée comme tutrice la veille, le 17 avril, et est condamnée à payer des dommages-intérêts de 25 000 F à Jean Lemoine à la suite du prononcé du divorce. Le jugement est confrmé par la cour d'Appel de Paris, le 20 mars 1925. Le Tribunal, de surcroît, exige que Mme Lemoine verse une pension de 6 000 F à son ex-mari. * * * Alors qu'il est en réclusion depuis six ans, Jean Lemoine prend connaissance du roman La Révolte des Anges d'Anatole France et se re- connait sous les traits de Julien Sariette : un bibliothécaire idiot, ridi- cule et maniaque, dans une première version du roman à clé; délirant et meurtrier qu'il faut interner, selon une version remaniée en 1914, et cela survient le 27 mai 1913 ! Jean Lemoine, lui, est interné le 26 mai 1913 ! Une coïncidence, comme s'il s'agissait d'une justification a posteriori de L’affaire Jean
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