JP 3-09.3, Close Air Support, As a Basis for Conducting CAS
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Chapter 2 HISTORY and DEVELOPMENT of MILITARY LASERS
History and Development of Military Lasers Chapter 2 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY LASERS JACK B. KELLER, JR* INTRODUCTION INVENTING THE LASER MILITARIZING THE LASER SEARCHING FOR HIGH-ENERGY LASER WEAPONS SEARCHING FOR LOW-ENERGY LASER WEAPONS RETURNING TO HIGHER ENERGIES SUMMARY *Lieutenant Colonel, US Army (Retired); formerly, Foreign Science Information Officer, US Army Medical Research Detachment-Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 7965 Dave Erwin Drive, Brooks City-Base, Texas 78235 25 Biomedical Implications of Military Laser Exposure INTRODUCTION This chapter will examine the history of the laser, Military advantage is greatest when details are con- from theory to demonstration, for its impact upon the US cealed from real or potential adversaries (eg, through military. In the field of military science, there was early classification). Classification can remain in place long recognition that lasers can be visually and cutaneously after a program is aborted, if warranted to conceal hazardous to military personnel—hazards documented technological details or pathways not obvious or easily in detail elsewhere in this volume—and that such hazards deduced but that may be relevant to future develop- must be mitigated to ensure military personnel safety ments. Thus, many details regarding developmental and mission success. At odds with this recognition was military laser systems cannot be made public; their the desire to harness the laser’s potential application to a descriptions here are necessarily vague. wide spectrum of military tasks. This chapter focuses on Once fielded, system details usually, but not always, the history and development of laser systems that, when become public. Laser systems identified here represent used, necessitate highly specialized biomedical research various evolutionary states of the art in laser technol- as described throughout this volume. -
Simulator and Live Training for Navy Units
Finding the Right Balance JOHN F. SCHANK • HARRY J. THIE • CLIFFORD M. GRAF II JOSEPH BEEL • JERRY SOLLINGER Simulator and Live Training for Navy Units Prepared for the United States Navy NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INSTITUTE R Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited The research described in this report was sponsored by the United States Navy. The research was conducted in RAND’s National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and development center supported by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the unified commands, and the defense agencies under Contract DASW01-95-C-0059. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Finding the right balance : simulator and live training for navy units / John Schank ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. “MR-1441.” ISBN 0-8330-3104-X 1. Naval tactics—Study and teaching—United States. 2. Naval tactics—Study and teaching—United States—Simulation methods. 3. Anti-submarine warfare— Study and teaching—United States—Evaluation. 4. Fighter pilots—Training of— Evaluation. 5. Effective teaching—United States. I. Schank, John F. (John Frederic), 1946– II. Rand Corporation. V169 .F53 2002 359.4'071'073—dc21 2001057887 RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND® is a registered trademark. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. © Copyright 2002 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. -
Repüléstudományi Közlemények (ISSN: 1417-0604) 2002., Pp
Varga Mihály mk. alezredes ZMNE KLHTK Dékáni Titkárság [email protected] Doctrine, organization and weapon systems of close air support of the Luftwaffe in World War II A Lufwaffe közvetlen légi támogatási doktrínája, szervezete és fegyver-rendszerei a második világháborúban Resume The author presents the essence of doctrine, organization, command and control and weapon systems of close air support of Luftwaffe in World War II. He gives an overview about most frequently used aircraft and their tactical-technical features. The article demonstrates that the close air support is one of the most important components of the tactics success and it was since the appearance of the aerial warfare. Rezümé A szerző ismerteti a lényegét a második világháborús Luftwaffe közvetlen légi támogatási doktrínájának, a végrehajtásért felelős szervezetnek és a légi vezetési és irányítási rendszernek. A szerző áttekinti a leggyakrabban alkalmazott fegyver- rendszereket, csata és bombázó repülőgépeket, valamint azok jellemzőit. A cikk demonstrálja, hogy a harcászati siker egyik legfontosabb összetevőjének tekinthetjük a csapatok közvetlen légi támogatását a légi hadviselés kezdetei óta. Introduction The close air support (generally supporting the land forces from air with fire) one of the most important components of the tactics success and it was since the appearance of the aerial warfare. According to the definition of close air support (CAS): „air action against hostile targets which are in close proximity to friendly forces and which require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces” 1 At the beginning of the world war II, only the Luftwaffe had made a theory of deployment and a tactical-technical procedures for direct fire support for ground forces. -
Vantage Points Perspectives on Airpower and the Profession of Arms
00-Frontmatter 3x5 book.indd 4 8/9/07 2:39:03 PM Vantage Points Perspectives on Airpower and the Profession of Arms Compiled by CHARLES M. WESTENHOFF Colonel, USAF, Retired MICHAEL D. DAVIS, PHD Colonel, USAF DANIEL MORTENSEN, PHD JOHN L. CONWAY III Colonel, USAF, Retired Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama August 2007 00-Frontmatter 3x5 book.indd 1 8/9/07 2:39:02 PM Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center Cataloging Data Vantage points : perspectives on airpower and the profes- sion of arms / compiled by Charles M. Westenhoff . [et al.] p. ; cm. ISBN 978-1-58566-165-7 1. Air power—Quotations, maxims, etc. 2. Air warfare— Quotations, maxims, etc. 3. Military art and science— Quotations, maxims, etc. I. Westenhoff, Charles M. 355.4—dc22 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or im- plied within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. All photographs are courtesy of the US government. Air University Press 131 West Shumacher Avenue Maxwell AFB, AL 36112-5962 http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil ii 00-Frontmatter 3x5 book.indd 2 8/9/07 2:39:03 PM Contents Page DISCLAIMER . ii FOREWORD . v THEORY OF WAR . 1 Patriotism . 8 AIR, Space, AND CYBER POWER . 10 DOCTRINE . 21 Education, TRAINING, AND LESSONS LEARNED . 24 Preparedness, SECURITY, AND FORCE PROTECTION . 27 PLANNING . 30 LEADERSHIP AND PROFESSIONALISM . 32 CHARACTER AND LEADERSHIP TRAITS . 35 TECHNOLOGY . -
Downloaded April 22, 2006
SIX DECADES OF GUIDED MUNITIONS AND BATTLE NETWORKS: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS Barry D. Watts Thinking Center for Strategic Smarter and Budgetary Assessments About Defense www.csbaonline.org Six Decades of Guided Munitions and Battle Networks: Progress and Prospects by Barry D. Watts Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments March 2007 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) is an independent, nonprofit, public policy research institute established to make clear the inextricable link between near-term and long- range military planning and defense investment strategies. CSBA is directed by Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich and funded by foundations, corporations, government, and individual grants and contributions. This report is one in a series of CSBA analyses on the emerging military revolution. Previous reports in this series include The Military-Technical Revolution: A Preliminary Assessment (2002), Meeting the Anti-Access and Area-Denial Challenge (2003), and The Revolution in War (2004). The first of these, on the military-technical revolution, reproduces the 1992 Pentagon assessment that precipitated the 1990s debate in the United States and abroad over revolutions in military affairs. Many friends and professional colleagues, both within CSBA and outside the Center, have contributed to this report. Those who made the most substantial improvements to the final manuscript are acknowledged below. However, the analysis and findings are solely the responsibility of the author and CSBA. 1667 K Street, NW, Suite 900 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 331-7990 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEGEMENTS .................................................. v SUMMARY ............................................................... ix GLOSSARY ………………………………………………………xix I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1 Guided Munitions: Origins in the 1940s............. 3 Cold War Developments and Prospects ............ -
HELP from ABOVE Air Force Close Air
HELP FROM ABOVE Air Force Close Air Support of the Army 1946–1973 John Schlight AIR FORCE HISTORY AND MUSEUMS PROGRAM Washington, D. C. 2003 i Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schlight, John. Help from above : Air Force close air support of the Army 1946-1973 / John Schlight. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Close air support--History--20th century. 2. United States. Air Force--History--20th century. 3. United States. Army--Aviation--History--20th century. I. Title. UG703.S35 2003 358.4'142--dc22 2003020365 ii Foreword The issue of close air support by the United States Air Force in sup- port of, primarily, the United States Army has been fractious for years. Air commanders have clashed continually with ground leaders over the proper use of aircraft in the support of ground operations. This is perhaps not surprising given the very different outlooks of the two services on what constitutes prop- er air support. Often this has turned into a competition between the two serv- ices for resources to execute and control close air support operations. Although such differences extend well back to the initial use of the airplane as a military weapon, in this book the author looks at the period 1946- 1973, a period in which technological advances in the form of jet aircraft, weapons, communications, and other electronic equipment played significant roles. Doctrine, too, evolved and this very important subject is discussed in detail. Close air support remains a critical mission today and the lessons of yesterday should not be ignored. This book makes a notable contribution in seeing that it is not ignored. -
Immersive Forward Air Controller Training: Your Complete Call-For-Fire
TM Your complete call-for-fire and close air support solution Immersive forward air controller training: VBS3Fires FST is an immersive Call-For-Fire and Close Air Support training simulation like no other. It combines the flexibility and stunning visuals of VBS3 with a highly sophisticated close air support simulation system, highly realistic FO and JTAC workflow, as well as all of the functionality available in VBS3Fires. The Close Air Support engine supports the semi- autonomous control of aircraft. No qualified pilot is required to operate a VBS3Fires FST training scenario. Instead, a sophisticated artificial intelligence engine pilots aircraft. This frees the instructor from concentrating on flying an aircraft and allows them to focus on training. Use Cases: Instructor-led JTAC training for Type 1, 2 and 3 control Instructor-led call-for-fire Training for ground based artillery, mortars and NGF Desktop training for CFF and basic CAS Joint Fires training for coordinating air and ground based fires Fire Planning Airspace Deconfliction teaching and visualisation Indirect fire with AC-130 gunship VBS3Fires FST Features: Elevating close air support to a new level VBS3Fires FST allows FACs or JTACs to move freely through the virtual environment. They can interact with manoeuvre elements, engage or be engaged by the enemy, relocate during a scenario and interact with vehicles. The system has a structured workflow developed with SMEs to ensure that there is a smooth and natural progression through the phases of allocating aircraft on station, check in procedures, game plans, nine-line/ five line briefs, talk-on, instructions during an attack, and bomb hit assessments. -
Ranger Handbook
SH 21-76 UNITED STATES ARMY RANGER HANDBOOK "NOT FOR THE WEAK OR FAINTHEARTED” RANGER TRAINING BRIGADE UNITED STATES ARMY INFANTRY SCHOOL FORT BENNING, GEORGIA APRIL 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS I RANGER CREED II STANDING ORDERS ROGER’S RANGERS III RANGER HISTORY IV RANGER TRAINING BRIGADE HISTORY CHAPTER 1 – LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP 1-1 DUTIES/RESPONSIBILITIES 1-2 ASSUMPTION OF COMMAND 1-7 CHAPTER 2 – OPERATIONS TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES 2-1 COMBAT INTELLIGENCE 2-7 WARNING ORDER 2-8 OPERATIONS ORDER 2-11 FRAGMENTARY ORDER 2-17 ANNEXES 2-22 COORDINATION CHECKLISTS 2-29 DOCTRINAL TERMS 2-34 CHAPTER 3 – FIRE SUPPORT CAPABILITIES 3-2 CLOSE AIR SUPPORT 3-4 CALL FOR FIRE 3-5 CHAPTER 4 – MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES 4-2 TACTICAL MARCHES 4-6 DANGER AREAS 4-9 CHAPTER 5 – PATROLLING PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS 5-1 RECONNAISSANCE OPERATIONS 5-6 COMBAT PATROLS 5-13 AMBUSH 5-14 RAID 5-16 DEPARTURE/RE-ENTRY 5-25 LINK-UP 5-27 PATROL BASE 5-30 MOVEMENT TO CONTACT 5-34 CHAPTER 6 – BATTLE DRILLS PLATOON ATTACK 6-1 SQUAD ATTACK 6-5 REACT TO CONTACT 6-8 BREAK CONTACT 6-9 REACT TO AMBUSH 6-11 KNOCK OUT BUNKERS 6-12 ENTER/CLEAR A TRENCH 6-14 BREACH 6-19 CHAPTER 7 – COMMUNICATIONS AN/PRC-119 7-1 AN/PRC-126 7-3 CHAPTER 8 – ARMY AVIATION AIR ASSAULT 8-1 AIR ASSAULT FORMATIONS 8-3 PZ OPERATIONS 8-5 SAFETY 8-8 CHAPTER 9 – WATERBORNE OPERATIONS ONE ROPE BRIDGE 9-1 BOAT POSITIONS 9-8 EMBARKING/DEBARKING 9-11 LANDING SITE 9-11 RIVER MOVEMENT 9-13 FORMATIONS 9-14 CHAPTER 10 – MILITARY MOUNTAINEERING SPECIAL EQUIPMENT 10-1 KNOTS 10-2 BELAYS 10-8 TIGHTENING SYSTEMS 10-10 ROCK -
The Last of the Dive-Bombers by Walter J
The Army Air Forces turned to dive-bombers for accuracy, but the A-24 Banshee found itself in the wrong places at the wrong times. The Last of the Dive-bombers By Walter J. Boyne n warfare, as in business, timing and location are everything. The classic Douglas dive-bomber of IWorld War II served the Navy brilliantly as the SBD Dauntless, while the virtu- ally identical A-24 Banshee had only a mediocre career with the US Army Air Forces. There were many reasons for this, but the main one was the combination of the Navy’s long-standing training in dive-bombing and the nature of its tar- gets, which allowed the SBD to perform. In contrast, dive-bombing was thrust upon the heavy-bomber-centric AAF following the spectacular successes of the German Junkers Ju 87 Stuka in 70 AIR FORCE Magazine / December 2010 the initial phases of World War II. The 1926, and instructed his squadron in Left top: An A-24 on the ramp on undeniably menacing look of the Ju 87 the technique. Makin, in the Gilbert Island chain. Left certainly made the pitch easier as well. He made Navy history on Oct. 22, bottom: German Stukas in 1943. Above: An RA-24B assigned to Air Transport When at last the AAF sought to obtain 1926, with a surprise dive-bombing Command. a dive-bombing capability, it took deliv- mock attack on ships of the Pacific ery of Douglas A-24s (erstwhile Navy Fleet, using the Curtiss F6C-2 single- During the 1910-20 Mexican Civil SBD-3s) in mid-1941. -
Northrop Grumman's LITENING at Targeting System to Be Integrated on F/A-18D Aircraft
Northrop Grumman's LITENING AT Targeting System to be Integrated on F/A-18D Aircraft March 11, 2004 ROLLING MEADOWS, Ill., March 11, 2004 (PRIMEZONE) -- Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE:NOC) is supporting the integration of its LITENING AT targeting system onboard U.S. Marine Corps F/A-18D aircraft. LITENING AT is a self-contained, multisensor laser target designating and navigation system that enables fighter pilots to detect, acquire, track and identify ground targets for highly accurate delivery of both conventional and precision-guided weapons. This initiative is being conducted by the U.S. Navy's F/A-18 program office at the Patuxent River Naval Air Station in Lexington Park, Md. LITENING AT features advanced image processing for target identification and coordinate generation, a 640 x 512 pixel forward-looking infrared (FLIR) sensor (first introduced in the LITENING ER variant), charge-coupled device television (CCD-TV) sensors, laser spot tracker/range finder, infrared laser marker; and an infrared laser designator. Northrop Grumman and its teammate RAFAEL Missile Division will work with the Navy, Marine Corps and Boeing Hornet team to direct the LITENING AT for close air support and other combat missions. Previously, this government-industry team performed an initial integration and flight demonstration of Northrop Grumman's LITENING ER targeting system without changing the aircraft's current Advanced Targeting FLIR interfaces. To avoid impacting the aircraft's operational software, all interfaced changes were accomplished in the LITENING's software. These changes were first tested in the F/A-18 system integration lab at the Naval Air Warfare Center in China Lake, Calif., followed by on-aircraft ground checks at the Navy's Patuxent River facility. -
Beyond Close Air Support Forging a New Air-Ground Partnership
CHILD POLICY This PDF document was made available CIVIL JUSTICE from www.rand.org as a public service of EDUCATION the RAND Corporation. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE Jump down to document6 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit POPULATION AND AGING research organization providing PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY objective analysis and effective SUBSTANCE ABUSE solutions that address the challenges TERRORISM AND facing the public and private sectors HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND around the world. INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Project AIR FORCE View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non- commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Beyond Close Air Support Forging a New Air-Ground Partnership Bruce R. Pirnie, Alan Vick, Adam Grissom, Karl P. Mueller, David T. Orletsky Prepared for the United States Air Force Approved for public release; distribution unlimited The research described in this report was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract F49642-01-C-0003. -
JP 3-09.1 Joint Laser Designation Procedures (JLASER)
JOINT PUB 3-09.1 JOINT LASER DESIGNATION PROCEDURES (JLASER) 1 JUNE 1991 A large body of joint doctrine (and its supporting tactics, techniques, and procedures) has been and is being developed by the US Armed Forces through the combined efforts of the Joint Staff, Services, and combatant commands. The following chart displays an overview of the development process for these publications. MAKING A JOINT PUB ., PROJECT PROPOSAL All joint doctrine and tactics, techniques, and procedures are organized into a comprehensive hierarchy. Joint Pub 3–04 .1 is located in the operations series of joint publications . Joint Pub 1–01, "Joint Publication System, " provides a detailed list of all joint publications. Joint pubs are also available on CD–ROM through the Joint Electronic Library (JEL) . For information, contact : Joint Doctrine Division, J-7, 7000 Joint Staff Pentagon Washington, D. C. 20318–7000 . JOINT LASER DESIGNATION PROCEDURES JOINT PUB 3-09.1 PREFACE 1. Purpose. This publication provides joint procedures for employing laser designators with target acquisition systems and laser-guided weapons to enhance the combat effectiveness of joint US forces. 2. Application a. Procedures established in this publication apply to the commanders of combatant commands, joint task forces, and the subordinate components of these commands. These procedures may also apply when significant forces of one Service are attached to forces of another Service or when significant forces of one Service support forces of another Service, under criteria set forth in this publication. b. In applying the procedures set forth in this publication, care must be taken to distinguish between distinct but related responsibilities in the two channels of authority to forces assigned to combatant commands.