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Pastoral Food Economy Zone Pastoralists in Battle with Nature Harshin and Dagahbur East Pastoral Livelihood Zone (Shoats, Camels and Cattle) Gashamo and Aware Districts, Dagahbur Zone, and Harshin District, Jijiga Zone Somali National Regional State, Ethiopia Djibouti Shinile far Somalia A Ri 1.1. Jijiga Degahbur Jijiga Zone a Fik Warder Somalia i m Korahe Gode Oro Ri Ad Afder Aware Liban Gashamo Somalia Degahbur Kenya Degahbour Zone Degahmadow Warder Zone Korahe Zone Fik Zone Deg ahbur Agropastoral (maize, cattle) Past oral FEZ (Lowland pastoral, Camel shoat, and Birka dependent Fik/ Gode pastoral and other pastoral groups (camel, shoats & cattle) An HEA Baseline Study By SC‐UK, DPPB and Partners June, 2005 Sponsored by USAID/OFDA and ECHO, with financial support from SC‐Canada and WFP Assessment Team Name of the participant Position Organization Role Abdi‐fatah Ahmed Ismail SFSS UNDP/DPPB Technical support Omer Abdullahi Hersi SCR UNDP/REB “ “ Bashir S. Abdi‐rahman FSA SC‐UK Team leader Farhan Abdulkadir ZFSO, Fik “ “ Member Abdirahman Mohammed ZFSO, D/bour “ “ Member Abdi‐rashid Salah Somane ZFSO, Afder “ “ Member Abdul‐Ilah Ugas Mohummed ZFSO, Korahe “ “ Member Hassen Mohammed EWE DPPB Member Abdi‐risak S. Abdi‐rahman “ “ “ “ Member Kafi Mohamed Garuf EWE “ “ Member Abdi‐rashid Mohammed EWTL “ “ Member Isse “ “ Member Ali UNISOID Member LZ 17 Harshin‐Dagahbour East Pastoral i Table of Contents Assessment Team............................................................................................................................i Table of Contents............................................................................................................................ii Figures, Tables & Maps ................................................................................................................iii Terms and Acronyms .................................................................................................................... 4 1. Executive Summary .............................................................................................5 2. Introduction ..........................................................................................................9 2.1 Purpose of the study ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Methodology................................................................................................................................. 10 3. Background .........................................................................................................11 3.1 Dagahbur and Jijiga Administrative Zones.............................................................................. 11 3.2 Agro Ecology, Geology, & Water............................................................................................... 11 3.3 History ........................................................................................................................................... 13 3.4 Population ..................................................................................................................................... 14 3.5 Infrastructure & Social Services ................................................................................................. 15 3.6 Other Activities in the Zone........................................................................................................ 19 3.7 Other issues in the Zone.............................................................................................................. 20 3.8 Livelihood Zones in the Administrative Districts ................................................................... 23 4. Food Economies..................................................................................................25 4.1 The Livelihood Zone.................................................................................................................... 25 4.2 Historical Timeline....................................................................................................................... 29 4.3 Seasonal Calendar ........................................................................................................................ 31 4.4 Other information particular to the LZ ..................................................................................... 33 4.5 Wealth Breakdown....................................................................................................................... 38 4.6 Food Sources in the Reference Year........................................................................................... 43 4.7 Income Sources in the Reference Year....................................................................................... 50 4.8 Expenditure Patterns in the Reference Year ............................................................................. 56 4.9 Current Situation.......................................................................................................................... 62 5. Vulnerabilities, Risks & Coping.....................................................................66 6. Indicators to monitor.........................................................................................69 7. Conclusions & Recommendations..................................................................70 7.1 Conclusions................................................................................................................................... 70 7.2 Recommendations........................................................................................................................ 74 8. References............................................................................................................75 9. Appendices..........................................................................................................76 9.1 HEA Methodology....................................................................................................................... 76 9.2 Note on Somali Traditional Calendar........................................................................................ 79 9.3 List of Kebeles in Dagahbour East Pastoral Livelihood Zone................................................ 81 9.4 Methodology used for Harshin Sub‐zone Needs Assessment............................................... 82 9.5 Other Information ........................................................................................................................ 84 9.6 Education, Health, Animal Health and Water Services in the zone...................................... 86 9.7 Livestock Endemic Diseases in Degahbur Zone ...................................................................... 93 LZ 17 Harshin‐Dagahbour East Pastoral ii Figures, Tables & Maps Figure 1 ‐ Population Distribution of LZ 18 per District.................................................................... 26 Figure 2 ‐ Seasonal Calendar for Harshin and Dagahbur East Pastoral LZ.................................... 31 Figure 3 ‐ Wealth Groups: Gashamo‐Aware Sub‐zone....................................................................... 38 Figure 4 ‐ Wealth Groups: Harshin Sub‐zone ...................................................................................... 42 Figure 5 ‐ Food Sources for all Wealth Groups in Gashamo‐Aware Sub‐zone.............................. 43 Figure 6 ‐ Food Basket for all Wealth Groups in Gashamo‐Aware Sub‐zone................................ 44 Figure 7 ‐ Food Sources for all Wealth Groups in Harshin Sub‐zone ............................................. 49 Figure 8 ‐ Income Totals for all Wealth Groups in Gashamo‐Aware Sub‐zone ............................ 50 Figure 9 ‐ Income Sources for all Wealth Groups in Gashamo‐Aware Subzone........................... 51 Figure 10 – Total Income and Sources for all Wealth Groups in Harshin Sub‐zone .................... 55 Figure 11 ‐ Expenditure Totals for all Wealth Groups in Gashamo‐Aware Sub‐zone ................. 56 Figure 12 ‐ Expenditure Pattern for all Wealth Groups in Gashamo‐Aware Sub‐zone................ 56 Figure 13 ‐ Proportional Expenditure on Food for all Wealth Groups in Gashamo‐Aware Sub‐ zone ...................................................................................................................................................... 57 Figure 14 ‐ Expenditure Pattern for all Wealth Groups in Harshin Sub‐zone ............................... 62 Table 1 ‐ Livelihood Zones in Dagahbour Administrative Zone ..................................................... 24 Table 2 ‐ Coverage of Dagahbour East pastoral LZ............................................................................. 25 Table 3 – Pastoral proportion of the population by district .............................................................. 25 Table 4 ‐ Historical Timeline of Harshin and Dagahbour East Pastoral LZ................................... 30 Table 5 ‐ Daily livestock milk yields by season and species............................................................. 34 Table 6 ‐ Wealth Characteristics for Gashamo‐Aware Sub‐zone..................................................... 39 Table 7 ‐ Assets held by main wealth groups in Harshin Sub‐zone at the beginning of the reference year ..................................................................................................................................... 42 Table 8 ‐ Vulnerabilities, Risks & Coping Strategies per Wealth
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