2000 ACHS Bulletin Index A Academy building 10 Adams, Thomas 85 African-Americans 59, 73, 86 Agnor, Bud 41 Agnor, Ellie 42 Agnor, Mary 42 Agriculture 48, 49, 51, 52 Alexander, Robert 87 Amherst Court House 35 Amherst County 82, 94 Anglican Church 86, 88 Anglicans 81 Anglo-Presbyterian associations 87 Antoni’s 34 Archer, John 86, 87 Archer, Sampson 87 Armagh 87 Armagh County 84 Army hospital 20 Ashland 43 Augusta Academy 88 Augusta County Court 90; family feuds 88, 94; militia 93; political offices 88 Augusta Military Academy 10, 13 Augusta Parish 87 Averill 33

B Baker, Mr. 36 Baker, Robert 19 Baking 52, 54, 55, 58 Baldwin, Seth 7 Ballard, H.C. 21 Barker, Capt. 34 Basketball 62, 70 Bath County 84, 85 Battle of the Bridge 18 Battle of Waynesboro 8, 22 Beasley, Beau 14 Beckwith, Robert Todd Lincoln 2 Benn 34 Berry, Mabel 42 Beston 32, 33, 35, 36 Beverley Manor 80, 82, 84 Beverley, William 80

1 Big Island 65 Bird, Andrew 90 Bliss, George 18, 19, 20, 21 Bliss, Rose 22 Blue Ridge Mountains 19 Boice, Captain 21 Borden, Benjamin 80, 82, 83, 86 Borden, Benjamin, Jr. 88 Borden Tract 82 Borden's Division 35 Bosserman, Charlie 41 Botetourt County 84, 90 Botetourt Springs 35 Bowles 34, 36, 37 Bowles Station 37 Bowyer, John 90, 93 Bowyer, Michael 90, 94 Bowyer, William 90, 94 Box 64 Breckinridge 35 Brocks Gap Road 36 Brooks, Philip C. 13 Brosi, Caren 7, 17 Brown 32, 34, 35, 36, 37 Brownsburg 36 Buchanan 35, 60 Buck 34, 36 Buckingham 59 Buena Vista 54, 56, 65, 78 Burbridge, D. Clinton 20 Burke, Belle 41 Burwell, Lt. 36 Butchering 78 Byers, Mariam 42

C C&O Railroad 23, 25 Cabell, Joseph 94 Cabinetmaking 23 Callahan, Dennis 85 Campbell, Mrs. Tom 35 Canning 75, 76 Capt. K 37 Capt. W. 33, 34, 35, 37 Carnegie Library 15, 17 Chapel of ease 87, 88

2 Charlottesville 20, 34, 35, 36, 41 Charlottesville and Waynesboro road 19 Children's Day 74 Childs, Edward P. Jr. 13, 14 Chores 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 63, 64, 68, 75, 76 Christabel 41 Christian, John 87 Christmas 65 Church services 36, 37, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 75 Churchwarden 87 Cincinnati 43, 46 Civil War, combat 34; destruction 34; diary 32; entertainment 35, 36; expenses 38; Fishburne family 8; punishment 35; rations 33; Waynesboro 18 Clifton Forge 23, 25, 41, 43 Clifton Forge shop 25 Cloverdale 85 Cloverdale district 84 Collins, Samuel 13 Collins, T.J. 13, 17 Constitutional amendments 5 Cooks Creek 1 Cousin Gatchy 34 Cowardin 33 Coyner, Houston 25 Coyner, James B., Jr. 31 Coyner, Jim 25 Coyner Spring Park 14 Craig, James 101 Craighead, Alexander 87 Crook 33 Cunningham and Company 85

D Davis, George 85 Davis, J.S. 20 Davis, Luther 42 Denton, Kenneth L. 7 Dick 35 Donald, Cousin 41 Driver, Robert L. Jr. 32 Dudley house 34 Dunkers 36 Dunmore's War 93 Dunmurry, Down 87

3 Dunnogan 37 DuPont family 28 Durbin, West Virginia 25

E Early, Jubal 19, 32, 33, 34, 35 Edmunds, Felix 14 Eggleston 35, 36, 37 Emancipation Proclamation 3 Emory 57, 59, 74 English culture 81

F Fairfax Hall 15 Fairfield 48, 51, 52, 75 Fanny, Miss 36 Farish 34 Farmville 40, 59, 66 Fauver, Kate 42 Federal power 5 Figgatt 41 Fincastle 82 Fisbhurne, Mary Ann Amis 10, 15 Fishburne, Clement 8 Fishburne, Elliot 8, 22 Fishburne, James Abbott 7, 8, 10 Fishburne, Margaret Guthrie 8 Fishburne Military School 7 Fishburne Military School 7; alumni in wars 15; archives 17; athletics 10, 12; barracks 10; cadet life 14, 15; Depression 13; Founder's Day 16; founding 7; fundraising 15; JROTC 12, 14; potential closure 13; songs 7, 16 Fishburne-Hudgins Educational Foundation 12, 17 Fishersville 33, 59 Fitzpatrick, William E. 42 Fleming, William 99 Forks of the James River 82, 83 Fourth Virginia Cavalry 19, 21 Freemasonry 18, 20, 21 Fulwider, Ernest 41 Fulwider, Lula 42 Funeral 53 Funkhouser, Mr. 36 furniture, hand-carved side chair 28; Hepplewhite style sideboard 28; reproductions 23; prices; walnut secretary desk 28

4 G Gainesville 33 Games 46, 47, 48 Gardening 51, 52, 53, 54 Garnett, Thomas W. 19, 22 Gay, Mrs. 36 Geraldine 41 Gerardstown 37 German Protestants 81 Gettysburg Address 5 Gibson 34, 35 Gilbert, Felix 86, 87 Glasgow 65 Goggins, Mr. 35 Goghenhour, William 36 Gordon, Gen. 36 Graduation 73 Graphaphone 55, 59 Great Wagon Road 84 Greenbriar 84, 85 Greenbrier Scenic Railroad 31 Greenlee, James 82 Greenville 23, 24, 58 Greenville Antique Shop 24, 25 Greenville United Methodist Church 23, 25, 31 Gregg, John 32

H H.C. Valentine Company 23 Haddon, Mr. 54 Hall, Eva Coyner 25 Hall, James Edward “Ed” Jr. 23 Hall, Keith 23 Hall, The 55 Hall, Eva Mae Coyner 31 Halloween 62 Hamilton, Hugh S. 19 Hampden-Sydney 61 Hampton 34 Hamrick, Clara Fishburne 8 Hamrick, Richard M. Jr. 32 Hanly, Mr. 32 Harpers Ferry 37 Hart, Silas 90 Harvest 74 Hawkins, Robert Y. 42

5 Heathwell, Dr. 36 Heliotrope 50 Helsley, Joseph 36 Hinton, West Virginia 41, 46 Hite, Robert 41, 42 Hobby-Hudgins Hall 12, 15 Hollar, Mr. 36 Hollis, Mr. 37 Hot Springs 49 Hotchkiss 32, 34 House of Burgesses 90 Howard, Cousin 41 Hudgins, Morgan Hughes 12, 13, 14, 16 Hudgins, Mrs. Bess 15 Humphries, Arthur Neal 41 Humphries, Clemmer 42 Humphries, Daisy 41 Humphries, David Fishburn Clemmer 41 Humphries, Ella Jeannette (Nettie) 41 Humphries, Etta Fauver 41, 42 Humphries, Harold Berry 41 Humphries, Hugh Lyle 42 Humphries, L. Hersey 42 Humphries, Lorenza B. 42 Humphries, Louis 42 Humphries, Maggie B. 40 Humphries, Mary Burgess 41, 43 Humphries, Nancy 41 Humphries, Ruth 42 Humphries, Viola 41 Humphries, W. Frank 42 Humphries, William Franklin 41 Humphries, William S. 43 Humphries, William Shelton 42 Humphries, Willie Berry 42 Hunt Stations 33 Hunter 33, 37

I Illness 48, 53, 68 Indianapolis 43, 49

J Jackson, Mary 85 Johnston 35 Jones, John 92

6 Jones, Major 32 Jones, W.E. 32 Junkin, Mr. 58

K Kennedy, William 41 Kerby, Robert B. 15 Kerr’s Creek 42 Klinepeter 33 Kuykendall 32, 34, 35, 36, 37

L LaMar, Col. 36 LaMar, Mrs. 36 Land, division of 83; grants 81; inheritance patterns 83, 96; rental 83; speculation 84 Leans hill 34 Learry, Mrs. 36 Lee, Gen. 33 Lee, General Robert E. 10 Lee, Henry C. 20, 21 Leesburg 37, 38 Lewis, Andrew 86, 93 Lewis, Charles 86, 93 Lewis, John 80, 82, 86, 88 Lewis, Thomas 86 Lexington 35, 50, 65, 85 Libby Prison 20, 21 Liberty 35 Licker, Grace 41 Lincoln, Bathsheba Herring 1 Lincoln, Capt. Abraham 1 Lincoln Cemetery 2, 3, 4 Lincoln, Colonel Abraham 2 Lincoln family in Kentucky 1 Lincoln Homestead 2 Lincoln, Jacob 1, 2 Lincoln, Jacob, Jr. 2 Lincoln, John 1, 2 Lincoln, Mary Homan 3 Lincoln, Nancy Hanks 2 Lincoln, President Abraham 2, 4; honesty 5; significance 5; Virginia roots 3 Lincoln, Rebecca Flowers Morris 1, 2 Lincoln slaves 3 Lincoln, Thomas 1, 2 Linen production 84 Linville Creek 1

7 Lockhart, James 87, 89, 90 Loth, J. Ellison 14 Lowell, Charles Russell 19, 21 Luray 58 Lynchburg 20, 34, 35, 60, 65

M Madison, John 86, 87 Magee, Joseph G. 41, 42 Magee, Joseph Gardner 40 Magee, William A. 40 Manda, Cousin 41 Market Hill 85 Marshall, General George C. 12, 13 Martinsburg 37 Mason, Rosa Tucker 28 Mathews, Anne 80 Mathews, Archer 84 Mathews family 81; crimes against 90; marriages 86; origins 95 Mathews, George 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93 Mathews, John 80, 81, 83, 86, 87, 88 Mathews, John, Jr. 84, 87 Mathews, Richard 84 Mathews, Sampson 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 93 Mathews, William 84 Mayday 71 McChesney, Dr. 36 McClanachan, Elijah 101 McClellan 35 McClenachan, Alexander 90 McCormick, Charlie 41 McCoy, Mrs. 34 McCoy, Wayman 23 McDowell, John 82, 86 McDowell, Samuel 93 McGil, John 36 McGill, J. 38 McGill, Sam 34 Medicine, 19th century 32 Mercantile business 85 Middlebrook 40 Midvale 57 Midway 47, 54, 58, 74 Military leadership 91, 92, 93 Mill Creek 83 Miller, Robert C. 14

8 Missionary Society 54, 56, 57, 73, 78 Moomau, Ralph 25 Moseley, Cabell 35 Moseley, Dr. 35 Moser Furniture Company 23 Moses, Dr. 34 Moss, William 20 Moss, William A. 19 Mt. Carmel 46, 50, 51, 53, 74, 76 Munford, Thomas 19, 21

N Native American attacks 92 Natural Bridge 35 New Jersey Cavalry 19, 21 New River 46 New Side evengelicalism 87 New Year's Day 78

O Odd Fellows 55 Ohio 43 Ohio River 43 Old Providence 57, 76 Operation Desert Storm 8 Orange County 80 Other Town Spring 36 Otway 32

P Page, Capt. 36 Palmer House 46 Paris 43 Parker, Mr. 37 Patterson, Max 13 Patton, James 80, 82, 87, 88 Payne, A.D. 19, 21 Pendleton, Col. 36 Pennybacker, Kate 2, 3 Pennybacker Place 2, 3 Perkins, Buchanan, and Brown 85 Phillips, Charles Coatsworth 32 Pickett 32 Pioneer Corps 33 Poage, John 86, 87 Poage, Robert 82, 86

9 Poague, Mrs. 35 Point Pleasant 92, 93 Poolsville 38 poorhouse 88, 99 Presbyterians 81, 87 Purgatory Creek 92

Q Quilting 46, 47, 49

R Railroad travel 46, 65 Ramseur 35 Ramseur’s Div. 34 Randolph, Doctor 21 Raphine 41, 46, 47, 50, 51, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 65, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79 Retta 42 Reynolds, Major Thomas W. 7, 16 Rhode Island Cavalry 18 Richardson, Col. 32 Richmond 34, 85 Richmond & Louisa Ct. H. Road 34 Riggs 37 Roanoke 60, 75, 82, 83 Roanoke History Museum 31 Roanoke River 83 Robertson, William 83 Robinson 34 Rockbridge County 80, 83 Rockingham County 3 Rodes Div. 35 Roller, General Charles S. 12 Ronceverte, West Virginia 23, 46 Rosa 42 Ross, Bettie 34 Round Hill 37

S Salem 40 Sally, John Peter 86 Sam 35 Saunders, Isaac H. 10 Schoolwork 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72 Scotch-Irish culture 95 Servants 85 Seven Years’ War 84, 88

10 Sewing 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 64, 67, 70, 71 Sharf 34 Shaw 34 Sheppardstown 37 Sheridan, Philip 18, 34 Sidney 36, 37 Simms, Albert 14 Slaves 86 Sledding 47, 48, 49 Sleigh riding 48, 49, 79 Smith, John 86, 87 Smith, Richard Andrew 12 Smith, Richard B. 15 Smith, Roger 37 Smoke, Joseph 37 Smoke, Mr. 37 Smoker, Mr. 37 Snicker’s Gap 37 Social status, frontier 83 South Portsmouth 43 South River 18, 22 Spitler, Howe 25 Spitler, J.E. 24 Spottswood 41 Spring Lane 19 St. Louis 43 Staunton 18, 32, 33, 36, 43, 46, 49, 51, 53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 76, 77, 80, 84, 85 Staunton, business interests in 85 Staunton Fair 10 Staunton Military Academy 15 Steamboat travel 43 Stewart, John Henry 14 Stewart, William 14 Stombock, J.B. 14 Stombock tennis complex 15 Strayer, Dorcas Lincoln 3 Strayer family 2 Stuart, Archibald 86, 91 Stuart, David 89 Sweitzer 37

T Tacky Party 58 Taffy making 79 Col Alto 28 Taylor’s store 10

11 Teaching school 77, 78 Telegraph 37 Terre Haute 43, 44, 45, 46 Textile trade 85 Thanksgiving 45 Thompson, Ashby 42 Thompson, E. Ashby 41, 42 Thompson, Helen 42 Thompson, Kenneth 42 Thompson, Nettie 42 Threshing 57 Timber Ridge 82, 83 Tolley, Elbert L. (Deacon) 41 Torbert, General 18 Town Spring 36 Toys 56 Travel 59 Trent house 33 Troxell, Edgar 41 Turner, John 85

U Ulster immigrants 81 Union Theological Seminary 10 University Hospital 35 University of Virginia 34

V Valentine's Day 49, 68 Vermont cavalry 18 Verne 45 Vesuvius 40, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 54, 57, 59, 65, 73 Vesuvius Plow Works 42, 60 Virginia Cavalry 19 Virginia Convention 94 Virginia Craftsmen Company 23 Virginia Military Institute 10, 36

W Walker, Robert Clark 40 Walkers Creek 40 Waller 36 Wallpapering 57 Walsh, John 85 Warner, Mr. 37 Washington and Lee University (Washington College) 10, 36, 88

12 Waynesboro 8, 14, 18, 21 Waynesboro Female Seminary 10 Waynesboro High School 10 Weld, Isaac 92 Weyers Cave 19 White’s Ferry 38 Whitesell, Ad 41 Whitesell, Harry 41 Whitesell, Mary 41 Wilkes County, Georgia 84 Will, Cousin 34, 41 Wilmer, Lt. 36 Wilson’s Springs 75 Winchester 36, 37 Windon, Denzil 13 World’s Fair 43 Wynn, Ben 33, 34, 36 Wynn, W. 32

Y Young 14 Young, Edward B. Jr. 13 Yount, J.B. III 17

2001 Index

2002 Index A ABNEY, Letitia 103 Abney, Thomas 77 abolition 10 Abraham Hall 57 African-American 31–33, 33, 34; churches 34, 49, 58, 59; community 39, 55–63, 56; demands 34; political appointments 46; population 41; African-American schools 40, 41, 57; consolidation plan 42; problems 44 ALINGER, William 105 Allen, A. 60 Almond, Governor James Lindsay, Jr. 37 American Puritanism 73 American Revolution 5, 10, 65, 66, 67–69, 70, 80 Amity Township 21, 25 amusement park 16 ANDERSON, Alexander 105

13 ANDERSON, William A. 105 Andersonville prison 91 Anglican Church 75 Appomattox 94 ARMENTROUT, Catharine 106 Armentrout, John 106 Armentrout, Margaret 106 Arnall, John T. 96 Associate Presbyterian Church 83, 85 Associate Presbytery 79, 81 Associate Reformed Church 81 Associate Reformed Synod of the South 85 Augusta County 68 Augusta County Training School 39, 40, 47 Augusta County, travel accounts of 65 Augusta Stone Presbyterian Church 2, 9 Augusta Street Methodist Church 34 Augustine 72 Averell, William Woods 91 AYLER, Elizabeth 106

B Baptist Church 73 BARE, John 96 BARNETT, William 105 Barry, Andrew 7 BASKIN, James H. 96 Bass, Portia 59 BAYLOR, George W. 96 BEARD, Drucilla Jane 96 BEARD, Jacob 96 BEARD, Louisa 96 Beauregard, P.T. 87 BEAVER, Lydia 105 Beck, Jacob 105 BECK, Mary 105 BECK, Sarah 105 BELL, David 96 Bell family 2, 7 Bell, James 10 Bell, John 10 BELL, Samuel H. 96 Berks County, Pennsylvania 20, 22 BEST, Isabella 97 BIRD, Eliza 101 Bird, Mark 23

14 Bird, William 23 Bittle, Rev. D.F. 96 Black History Museum 62 BLACK, James 105 BLACK, Ralph 105 Black, Samuel, Sr. 106 BLACK, Sarah Ann 106 BLACKBURN, Emila 104 BLACKWELL, Nimrod, Jr. 105 Blackwell, Nimrod, Sr. 105 BLACKWOOD, Sarah 104 BLACKWOOD, Samuel 104 BLAKEMORE, William C. 96 Bolivar Heights, Battle of 89 Booker T. Washington High School 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 51 Boone, Daniel 21 Boone family 21, 24 Boone, George 25 Boone, Squire 21 BOSSERMAN, Jacob 96 Bourne, George, 10 Bowman, George 105 BOWMAN, Polly 105 brick factory 56 Bridgewater 16 BRIGHTWELL, Tolemey 96 Brooke, Walter Carroll 48 BROWN, Jacob S. 97 BROWN, John 105 BROWN, Nancy 101 Brown, Noah 39, 40 Brown, Rev. B.N. 97, 98, 99, 103 Brown, Rev. G.L. 99, 102, 104 Brown, Rev. G.F. 102 Brown, Rev. William. 97 Brown, Stuart Sharpe 91 Brown v. Board of Education 31, 32, 36 BULL, William 105 BUMGARDNER, John 105 BUMPHREY, Joseph 98 BUMPHREY, Nancy 98 BUNCH, Lavenia 105 Bunch, Mary 105 Burchardt, Peter 25 Burgess, Rev. Mr. 98 Burly, Terry 34

15 Burness, William 74 Burns, Robert 73 Burnside 89 Bush’s farm 56 Butts, William C. 60 Byrd, Harry 36, 37

C CALDWELL, Celestina 97 Calhoon, Rev. William 100, 101, 103 Callison, J.H. 91 Calvin, Jean 72 Calvinism 75 CAMPBELL, George W. 97 carding machine 55 CAREY, Elizabeth 105 Carey, Frederick 105 CARICOFF, John 97 Carr, Benjamin 60 CARROLL, Francis 97 Carson, Annie Harris 83–87, 90–95 Carson, Damaris Rowan 95 Carson, Elijah 86 Carson, Polly Hawpe 86 Carson, Robert F. 86 Carson, Samuel Frank 83–88, 90–95 Carson, Sarah 87 CATLETT, H. 99 CATLETT, M.C. 99 CAUFMAN, Barbara 106 Cedar Green School 39 Cedar Mountain, Battle of 88 cemeteries 28, 58 Chamber of Commerce-Retail Merchants Association 35 Chancellorsville, Battle of 89 CHAPLIN, James 105 CHAPLIN, Joseph 105 CHAPMAN, Alfred 97 Charleston Harbor 93 Charleston, S.C. 93, 94 Charlottesville, civil rights issues 37, 38, 51 CHASE, Emma C. 104 Chastellux 69, 70 Chavis, Dr. 58 Chesapeake and Western Railroad 16, 17 CHRISTOPHER, Robert 97

16 Chrysostom 72 Churchville 14 Civil Rights 31–33, 33–34, 34, 51; march 51 Civil Rights Act of 1964 31, 50, 51 Civil War 10, 11, 13, 14, 55, 83–95; horrors 87; military execution 93; soldiers' life 86 Civil War military units, 110th and 157th Ohio militia 93; 54th Massachusetts Volunteers 94; 5th Va. Infantry 11, 86, 89, 91; Warren’s Second Corps 91 Clark, Lillian 62 CLARKE, Elizabeth 103 CLARKE, John 103 CLARKE, Lucy M. 96 CLARKE, Samuel 96, 105 CLICK, Jacob 105 CLICK, John 105 CLINGENPEAL, Jacob 97 Coffin, Rev. William H. 96, 99, 100, 102 COFFMAN, Benjamin 105 COFFMAN, Christian 105 Coffman, Christian 105 COFFMAN, Elizabeth 105 COFFMAN, Enoch 105 COFFMAN, Jacob 105 COFFMAN, Martin 105 COINER, Ann 106 COINER, David S. 105 Coiner, Philip 106 COLE, Diana 103 COLE, John 103 COLEY, Richard 105 Commager, Henry Steele 67 communion services 4, 6, 95 Condit, Rev. John H. 99 Confederate Memorial Day 83, 84 congregational singing 72 Congregationalist Church 73, 75, 79, 80, 81 conversion experience 80 COOKE, Evelina 105 Cooks Creek Presbyterian Church 3, 4, 5, 7 COURSEY, Harvey G. 105 Covenanter (see Reformed) 73 COWAN, Ellen 97 COWAN, Joseph S 97 COYNER, David D. 97 Craig, John 3 Crawford family 2

17 CRAWFORD, James W. 97 Crawley, Allen T. 60 CRAWN, Elias 97 Creigh, David 93 Crescent City 93 CRONE, Caleb 97 Crone, Henry 105 CRONE, Henry, Jr. 105 Crook, George 91 Crouse, John 55 Crusade for Voters 49 CULLEN, Julia Ann 99 CULLEN, William F. 99 Cunningham, Rev. Mr. 103 Cupp (Koop) family 8 CURRY, Mary 102 CURRY, Samuel 102

D DAFF, Jacob 98 DANNER, George 105 Davenport, John 47 David Steele 67–69 Davidson, Andrew B. 5, 8, 10 Davies family 2 DAVIES, James 98 Davies, John 3 Davies, Ruth 11 Dawkins, Warne 59 DAWSON, Alexander B. 98 Dayton 3 de Chastellux, Chevalier 65, 67, 68 DEANE, Thomas 98 desegregation 47; conflicts 47; in the workplace 50 Diggs, Rev. Mr. 60 Direct Action Committee 34 Dissenter churches 77 Dissenters (Non-Conformists) 75 Dissenting Academy in Stoke 76 distillery 55 Dixon, Thomas W. 43 DOOM, Charlotte 104 DOOM, Madison 98 DOUGLASS, George C. 105 Douthat, Robert 26 DOWDALL, Peter B. 98

18 Dowling, Edward M. 47 DOYLE, Robert 98 Drake, Francis 73 Duffie, Alfred N. 92 Dull, John 105 DULL, Mary 105 DUNN, James M. 98 Dunn, Rev. Mr. 100 Dunnings, Ernestine 37, 44 DuPont 50, 56 Dutch settlers 7, 8

E Earhart, Philip 105 EARHART, Polly 105 Ebenezer Baptist Church 34 ECKLE, Mary 101 educational institutions 12, 14, 15, 34, 76; African-American 39, 57; desegregation 31– 33, 36, 41, 46; massive resistance 37 EDWARDS, Helen Jane 101 Edwards, Jonathan 80 Ege, Mr. 23 Eichelberger, Rev. Mr. 99 Elks Lodge 57 Elkton 16 Elliott, Tom 55 emancipation petition of 1831 11 Emerson, Luther 86 Emerson, Nancy 86, 92 Emmanuel Church 8 Enforcement Act of 1870 31 England 75 English settlers 7 Erskine, Ralph 81 Erwin (Irvine, Ervin) family 2, 7, 18 Erwin, Benjamin 5 Erwin, Sarah Brewster 5 ESKRIDGE, Alex. P. 98 Estill, John M. 15 ethnic groups, blending 7 Evergreen Baptist Church 59

F Fairview Cemetery 58 FAUBER, Sarah Ann 106 FAWVER, Catharine 103

19 FAWVER, Jacob 103 FERGUSON, Mary B. 106 FERTIG, Sarah L. 101 FETZER, George 98 FINLEY, Maria W. 100 FINLEY, Samuel 100 FISHER, Elizabeth 103 FISHER, William 99 Fithian, Philip 4 FITZPATRICK, Martin 99 Ford, Gerald 30 Forrer, Daniel 14 Fort Delaware 91, 93, 94 Fort Pulaski, Georgia 94 Fourteenth Amendment 31 FOX, William H. 99 FRAME, Samuel 105 FRAME, Thomas H. 99 France, royal family 66 France, society 70 Franklin, Benjamin 20 Fredericksburg, Battle of 89 Freeman, Rev. Mr. 98 French Revolution 68, 70 FRENGER, John 99 Fuller, Jacob 60 fulling mill 10 FULTON, John G. 99 Fulton, John Givens 15

G Gaines Farm, Battle of 88 General Washington Inn 66 Genesco 50 German churches 8 German influence 8 German language 8 German settlers 7, 9 GIBBONS, Abel 99 GIBBONS, Eliza Ann 99 GILES, William 105 GILLIAT/GILBERT, Virginia 105 Gilliat/Gilbert, William 105 GILLOCK, Samuel 99 Glossbrenner, Rev. J.J. 100, 102 Glossbrenner, Rev. Jacob I. 102

20 GOLD, James 103 GOLD, Susan W. 103 Goodall, L.B. 60 Goodwin, Rev. Mr. 97, 100 Gordon, Reverend Mr. 60 GRADY, Strother 105 GRAHAM, Dianah 100 GRAHAM, Edward 103 GRAHAM, Martha 103 Grammar School in Southampton 76 Grant, Ulysses S. 91, 94 Great Awakening 80 Great Wagon Road 66 GREAVER, Jane 102 GREAVER, Philip, Jr. 105 GREAVER, Philip, Sr. 105 Griffith, Abel 4 Griffith, Magdeline 4 grist mill 10 Griston Store 57 GROVE, George S. 99 GROVE, John 99 GROVES, David 102 GROVES, Margaret J. 102 Guilford Courthouse, Battle of 67, 69, 70 GWIN, Polly 106 Gwin, Thomas 106

H HALL, Caroline 98 Hall, James 98 HANGER, Rebecca 105 Hanover Presbytery 3, 4 HARDEN, Daniel M. 99 Harden, Theodore 47 hardware factory 56 HARLAN, John 100 Harlem 57 HARMAN, Jacob 105 Harman, John 105 Harnesbarger family 7 Harpers Ferry 86 Harris, Clinton H. 60 Harris, Joe 58 HARRIS, John 105 Harrisonburg 16

21 Harrisonburg-Warm Springs Turnpike 15 HART, Jonathan 105 Hartopp, John 77 Head, Richard M. 23 Heinemann, Ronald 37 Heiskell, Peter 66 HELMS, Nancy 105 Hemlock Haven, desegregation 48 hemp mill 10 Hendren, John 5, 6, 7, 14 Henry, Floyd E. 41 Hensell, Rev. J.C. 96, 99, 101, 103 HERNSBERGER, Jacob 104 HERNSBERGER, Mary 104 Herring, Elizabeth 6 HICKS, Joseph 100 HICKS, Rebecca Ann 100 Hill, Joshua 58 Hill, Nancy 58 Hilton, Dr. 58 Hilton Head Island, South Carolina 93, 94 HINER, David 105 historic preservation 59 Hobson, Mr. 57 HODGE, Margaret 99 HOGAN, Sarah 103 Hogshead family 2 Hogshead, James, Sr. 3 HOGSHEAD, Sarah Margaret 96 HOGSHETT, Mary Ann 98 HOGSHETT, William E. 98 HOLLAND, Robert H. 100 HOLT, Caroline 103 Hood, Robin 11 Hopkins, Stevens D. 99 Hotchkiss, Jed 11, 14 Hotchkiss, Sara Comfort 14 Hunter, David 91, 93 HUNTER, James 100 Hunter, Mr. 5 HUNTER, Sarah 100 hymnals 78 hymns 77; lining out 78; singing 81; writing 78

I Imboden, Frederick 55

22 Immortal 600 83, 91, 93–95 Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks 57 Interracial Augusta County Ministerial Alliance 49 Ireland 7, 74, 79 ironworks 9, 14, 16, 23

J Jackson, Rev. Wm. G. 98 Jackson, Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" 4, 14, 88 Jemison, T.J. 33 JENNINGS, Margaret 103 Jerome 72 Jim Crow system 32, 37 JOHNSON, John 105 Johnson, Lillie Mae 57, 60, 63 Johnson, Lyndon B. 32 JOHNSON, Samuel 106 JONES, Issaac 100 JONES, Malinda 96 Jones, Rev. Mr. 101 Jordan, Rev. Z. 100 Jourdan, Katharine 105 JOURDAN, Sarah 105

K Karicofe (Kirshof) family 8 Kearnyville, Battle of 89 Kennerly, Rev. Samuel 99, 101, 104 Kernstown, Battle of 88 Kerr, David 101 KERR, Mary Jane 105 KERSH, Eliza 97 KERSH, Jacob 97 KICE, George A. 100 KICE, Malvina 99 Kilpatrick, Rev. Mr. 98 King, Martin Luther, Jr. 35, 48, 51 KINNEY, Mary 97 KINNEY, William 97 KIRACOFE, Henry 106 KIRACOFE, John 106 Knowles, E. Lewis 45 KOINER, Archibald 106 KOINER, John 100 Koiner, John 106 KOOGLER, Andrew 100

23 Koogler family 7 Ku Klux Klan 32; in Staunton 33 KURTZ, Jacob 98 KURTZ, Susan 98 Kyles Mill 10

L labor (in ironmaking) 23 LAIRD, David 106 LAREW, Robert S. 100 Lary, Abednego 105 LARY, Sarah 105 LAUCK, Richard W. 106 LAYMAN, Susanna 106 Leach’s Meat Market 58 Lee, Robert E. 94 LESSLEY, Samuel 106 LEWIS, John 100 Lewisburg Presbyterian Church 93 Lexington 67, 68, 92, 93 Lexington Presbytery 5, 8, 11 Lias, Alex 60 LIGHTNER, Jacob 100 LILLY, Isabella Ann 101 LILLY, Mary 97 Lincoln, Abraham 86 Linville Creek Presbyterian Church 3, 4 Locust Bottom Church 9 LOHR, Catharine 97 Long Glade 2, 10 LONG, Nancy P. 106 LONG, Sarah 98 Louis-Philippe, King of the French 66–67 Lyman Draper Collection 24

M Makemie, Francis 3 Manassas, Battle of Second 88, 89 Manassas, First Battle of 86 Mark Lane Congregational Chapel 77 marriage bonds 105–106 marriage notices 96–106 MARSHALL, Catharine Jane 105 Marshall, George 105 Martin, Rev. Mr. 99, 101, 103, 104 massive resistance 36, 37, 46, 51, 52

24 MAUPIN, William O. 100 McALEAR, Charles 101 McALEAR, Margaret 98 McClellan, George 89 McCLURE, James, Jr. 101 McCorkle, Rev. A.B. 100, 104 McCormick, Eliza 87 McCormick, Nathanial D. 91 McCormick, William Steele 88 McCoy family 2 McCoy, John 3 McCoy, William 3 McCue, James 15 McCue, John 7, 15 McCue, John Marshall 15 McCue, Marshall 25 McCUTCHEN, Hannah H. 96 McCUTCHEN, Samuel D. 101 McCutcheon, John 89 McDANIEL, Morrison 101 McDowell, Battle of 11 McDOWELL, Harvey H. 100 McDOWELL, Margaret M. 100 McKamey family 2 McPherson, Richard F. 35 Menk, Patricia 35, 45 merchant mill 55 MERRITT, John 98 MERRITT, Margaret Ann 98 MESSERSMITH, Henry 101 Messersmith, Henry 102 MICHAEL, Abraham 101 MICHAEL, John 101 Miller & Bird ironworks 23 Miller, Alexander 3 MILLER, Dorcas 102 Miller family 21, 24 Miller, Hannah 23 Miller, Henry 9, 15, 20, 21, 23, 25 Miller, Increase 22 Miller, James 10, 25, 27 milling 10, 20, 23; merchant 55; paper 10, 20, 25, 26, 27 mills, location of 10, 20, 28 Mills, Rev. F.M. 99 MITCHELL, Elizabeth 106 MITCHELL, Thomas C. 101

25 Moffetts Branch 2 monastic orders 72 Montgomery County, Virginia 8 Monumental African Methodist Episcopal Church 58 Moore, Reverend Mr. 60 Morgan, Gideon 25 Morris, Aldon 48 Morris Island 93 Morrison, James 93 Morrison, Rev. Mr. 98 Morton’s Ford, Battle of 91 Moscow 17 Mossy Creek 1, 9, 17, 20, 23, 25, 26, 28; community 1–18 Mossy Creek Academy 14 Mossy Creek Academy Association 14 Mossy Creek Presbyterian Church 1–18, 20, 25, 27; African-American mem-bers 11; buildings 3, 12, 13, 17; cemeteries 4, 10, 12, 13, 28; organization of 3, 15; politician members 15; slavery issue 11; women's roles 9; Mount Zion Baptist Church 33, 42, 49 Moyer, H.B. 40 Mt. Solon 1, 10 Muhlenberg, Peter 10 MURRY, Louisa 106 music, in church services 72, 78, 81, 82; instruments 75, 79; practice 79

N NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) 33, 34, 38, 42, 43, 46, 50 NAIR, Catharine 105 Nair, Genry 105 Nat Turner Rebellion 84 Natural Bridge 67, 68 New Lights 81 New Market, Battle of 93 New Providence Presbyterian Church 82 Newman, Bernice 45 NEWMAN, Catharine 105 Newman, Nancy 105 Newman, Thelma 43 newspapers, Augusta County 26 Nichols family 2 North River 1 Nutt, Joe 49

26 O O’Ferrall, Charles T. 15 O’Ferrall, Jane T. 15 Old Providence Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church 82, 83, 83–87, 85, 86, 87– 88, 90, 90–92, 93–95, 95 Old Side 7, 81 OLINGER, Eliza 106 Olinger, George 106 OREBAUGH, Adam 101 OREBAUGH, Maria 101 OREBAUGH, Martin 102 OREBAUGH, Nancy 102

P PALMER, Eliza T. 105 Palmer, George 105 paper factory 56 paper mill 10, 20 papermaking 24, 25, 26, 27 PARIS, George 101 PARIS, Matilda Jane 101 Parrish, Walter L. 60 PARSONS, James 101 PATTERSON, James 101 PATTERSON, Martha 101 PATTERSON, Rev. George 97 PATTERSON, Sarah 105 PATTERSON, Susannah 97 Paul, John 15 Payne’s Farm, Battle of 91 Pea Patch Island 91 Peaked Mountain Presbyterian Church 3, 4, 7 PECK, Jacob, Jr. 98 PECK, Mary Ann 98 PERKEY, Jacob 101 Phillips, Rev. James W. 100, 104 PICKERING, Catharine 105 PILLSON, Mary W. 100 PINE, Julia A.C. 101 Pinkerton, John 12 PIRKEY, Anna Mary 104 PIRKEY, George 104 Pleasant View United Methodist Church 56, 58 Plessy v. Ferguson 32 POAGE, James 101 Point Lookout, Maryland 91

27 police brutality 34 POLMER, David 101 Port Republic, Battle of 88 Port Republic Presbyterian church 10 Port Republic Road 56 Port Republic Road community; business district 57, 58; historic district 55–63, 59; industrial complex 55 Powell, James Oliver 34, 42, 44, 49 Presbyterian Church 78, 79, 82; discipline 7; effects of Great Awakening 80; services 5; theological conflict 6; theology 9, 79; women's organizations 9; worship practices 6, 9 Presbyterian churches 2 Presbyterian clergy 5 Presbytery of New York 4 Presbytery of the Carolinas 84 printing 26; in German language 26 prisoners-of-war 91 Propts family 8 psalmody 72–73, 75–77, 78–80, 82 psalms 73 Psalms of David 77, 81 psalter 72, 77 public education 15

Q QUICK, William 102

R railroad 16, 57 Randolph, Estella 59 RAULEIGH, Susanna 102 Reconstruction 12, 94 Redd family 58 Reformation, The 72 Reformed churches 72, 73 Reimensnyder, Rev. John H. 102 Reimensnyder, Rev. John J. 101, 102 Reimensnyder, Rev. Mr. 97 religious controversy 80 religious services 6, 75 revivals 6 RHYAN, John 102 RHYAN, Margaret 102 RICHARD, Jacob 99 RICHARD, Mary 99 RIPPETOE, Ross 106

28 Robert E. Lee High School 37, 41, 46 Robison, Andrew 105 ROBISON, Jane 105 Rochambeau, General 66 Rockbridge County 93 ROHR, Jacob 99 ROHR, John 102 ROHR, Nancy 99 Rosebro, John 12 Rosenwald Community Center 56, 62 Rosenwald, Julius 57 Rosenwald School 57 ROSS, James E. 102 RYAN, Nicholas 102

S Sadowski, Ann 22 Sadowski, Antoni 22 Sadowski family 21, 30 Sadowski, Justina 22 SANDY, William 102 Sangerville 17 Scotch-Irish (Ulster Scots) 73, 79 Scotch-Irish immigration 74, 79 Scotch-Irish settlers 5, 7 Scotland 73, 74, 79, 81 Scott, James Henry 34, 35, 50 Sears, Roebuck and Company 57 Seceder (See Reformed) 73 secession 86 segregation, restaurants 35 Separate But Equal Theory 32, 36, 39 SHAVER, Elizabeth 105 SHEETS, Henry 99 SHEETS, Margaret 99 SHEETZ, Jonathan 106 Shelburne, L.F. 40, 41 SHELLY, Jacob 102 Shemariah Presbyterian Church 86 Shenandoah Valley, early settlement 7; invasion of 91, 92 Sherman, William 94 Sherman’s Barbershop 58 Shiloh Baptist Church 58, 59–63; beginnings 60; buildings 60 SHIPLET, William T. 102 Showalter, Jacob 106 SHOWALTER, Mary 106

29 SHOWALTERS, George 98 SHOWALTERS, Margaret 98 SHOWALTERS, Mary 97 Shreckhise family 8 SHUEY, Christian 100 SHUEY, Eliza Ann 100 SHULTZ, Cyrus R. 102 SIEG, Julia Ann 103 SIEG, Paul 103 Simms, Albert J. 60 SIMMS, Isaac 97 SIMMS, Sarah A. 97 singing schools 79 sit-in movement 35 SKEEN, Catharine 97 slavery 10, 11, 84, 85 Smith, Rev. Stephen 101 Smith, Abraham 3, 15 SMITH, Caroline 105 SMITH, Cristena 102 Smith family 2 SMITH, George 102 SMITH, Jacob 102 SMITH, Joel 106 Smith, Leroy 46 Smith, Mildred 20 Smith, Rev. Stephen 96, 97, 98, 102, 103 SMITH, William 106 Smokey Row School 39 SNAPP, George W. 102 Soldiers’ Aid Society 87, 90 South Mountain Meeting House 83 South River 55 Spears, Annie 58 ST. CLAIR, Alexander 103 St. Michael's German Reformed Church 8 St. Paul's Lutheran Church 8 Stanley, Thomas B. 36 Stanton, Beverly 105 STANTON, Rebecca Ann 105 Staunton 92 Staunton City School Board 41 Staunton, Civil Rights march 51; desegregation 36, 47; KKK activity 33; segregation 32 Staunton Community Commission 34, 44 Staunton Police Department 34, 52 Staunton Public Library 35

30 Staunton School Board 34, 38, 44, 45; lawsuit against 46 Staunton Teachers Association 43 Staunton to Iron Works Turnpike 16 Staunton Weekly Advertizer 26 Steele, David 67, 70 STEELE, Elizabeth 96 Steele, Rev. John A. 103 Steele, Rev. Mr. 96, 97, 98, 101, 103 STEIGLE, Elizabeth 102 STEIGLE, Jacob 102 Stephenson family 2 Stiegel, Mr. 23 Stokesville 16 STRIBLING, Erasmus 100 STRIBLING, Mary T. 100 Stribling Springs 3, 14 Stuart, J.E.B. 87 Sullivan, Beatrice 58 Sullivan, General 92 SWICK, Elizabeth 105 Swick, Emanuel 105 SWINK, Adam 103 SWISHER, Jacob 103, 106 Swisher, John 106 SWISHER, Samuel 106 SWISHER, Sarah 106 SWOTZEL, Elizabeth 96 SWOTZEL, John 96 Synod of Philadelphia and New York 4

T Talmadge, Herman 36 Tarry Hotel 57 TATE, Robert M. 103 TATE, William 103 TAYLOR, Allen 98 TAYLOR, Juliet 98 TEABO, Abraham 99 TEABO, Margaret 99 TEABO, Michael 103 teacher salaries, inequity of 43 TEAFORD, Henry 103 Tertullian 72 THARP, Maria G. 99 The Bay Psalm Book 74 The Phenix 26, 27

31 The Staunton Community Commission 52 Thomas, Rev. E. 96, 101 THOMPSON, Elizabeth 100 Thompson, Horatio 83, 85, 95 Thorny Branch 2 Timber Ridge 68 Tinkling Spring Presbyterian Church 3 transportation 15, 16, 17, 56 Trinity Episcopal Church 48 TRUCKSELL, Daniel 106

U Ulster 2, 7, 15 Union Church 6

V Van Lear, D. Newton 15 Van Lear, Jacobus 8 Van Lear, Jane A. Bell 9 Van Lear, John 8 Van Lear, John A. 5, 8, 15 Van Lear, Sarah Davis 8 Van Walton, Mary Lula Carson (Mrs. J) 95 VANFOSSEN, Jacob 106 Vanlear, Rev. John A. 100, 104 Virginia Colonization Society 11 Virginia Gazette 26 Virginia Military Institute 93 Virginia State Unity of the Southern Christian League 49

W Waddell, Joseph A. 65, 70 Wagon Road 69 WAID, John 103 WAID, Obediah 103 WALKER, Patsy 105 Walker, Wyatt 49 Walton, Edward Payne 89 WARD, Daniel 103 Ware, Arthur R., Jr. 41, 43, 44 Warren family 21, 29 Warren Inn 23 Warren, James 22 Warren, John 23 Watts, Eugene C. 60 Watts, Isaac 73, 75, 76, 78–80

32 Waxey, African-American blacksmith 55 Waynesboro 55–63, 68 Waynesboro Historical Commission 60 WEIST, Jacob 104 West End school 41 WHITE, David 102 White, George E. 42 WHITE, Mary Jane 102 Whitefield, George 81 WILLIAMS, Otho 106 WILLIAMS, Peachy 101 WILLIS, William 104 WILLSON, John P. 104 WILLSON, Julia 106 WILLSON, Mary J.L. 100 Willson, Rev. Mr. 96, 97 WILLSON, William 100 Wilson, Rev. N. 97 Wilson, Rita 39 Winter, Ann Boone 23 Winter family 24 Wise, John 25, 26 Womeldorff, Mary 20 Womelsdorf, Pennsylvania 23 Womelsdorff, Daniel 20, 20–24, 21, 25, 26, 27, 28 Womelsdorff, Daniel, Jr. 20 Womelsdorff, Daniel, Sr. 20, 23 Womelsdorff, Eleanor 21 Womelsdorff (Womelsdorf) family 20, 21, 24 Womelsdorff, George 21, 26 Womelsdorff, John 20 Womelsdorff, Mary 26 Womelsdorff, Mary Warren 21 Womelsdorff, Michael 21 Womelsdorff paper mill 25 women, church work 9, 87, 90 Wood, Alice 55 Wooddell, Joseph 10 Wooddell, Thomas 10 Woodell family 2 Woodfolk, Stanley 59 Woodruff, Ira 27 Woodson, William B. 57 WOODWARD, William S. 106

33 worship practices 72, 72–73, 75, 75–77, 78–80, 80, 82 Wright, J.O. 60

Y YOUNES, Samuel 104 YOUNG, Andrew 104 YOUNG, William 104

2003 Index Symbols 10th Field Artillery 40 62nd regiment 50

A African-Americans 75, 80 Afton Mountain 40 Airplanes 51, 53 Akron, Ohio 53 Alabama 2 Albemarle County 11 Alexander, Donald 26 Alexandria 81, 133, 149 Algiers, Va. 24 Allegheny Mountains, sods 99 Amherst, Va. 45 Anderson, Homer 102 Anderson, James 19 Anderson, John 20, 27 Anderson, Louise 102 Anglican denomination 18 Anglo-American culture 116 Antrim County (Northern Ireland) 15, 16, 19 Archaeological research 105–151 Argabright, Mr. 45 Arges Building 75 Armstrong family 139 Arrit, Daniel 144 Artifacts, prehistoric 109 Artillery 51 Artisans 134, 146 Ashby, Turner 155 Athletics 47, 51 Atwater, Enos 21 Augusta County 3, 7, 10, 13, 15, 21, 144 Augusta County Board of Supervisors 63, 64, 67

34 Augusta County Fire Department 73 Augusta County militia 23 Augusta County, roads 54 Augusta County will index 29-39 Augusta Court House 24, 75 Augusta Military Academy 46 Augusta Springs 98 Augusta Stone Presbyterian Church 15, 19, 20, 25 Augusta Street (Staunton) 74, 75

B Backroads 101 Ballyclare (Northern Ireland) 16 Baltimore 81, 133 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 70, 74 Banks, Gen. Nathaniel P. 5, 6, 10 Barger estate 98 Bashaw, W.L. 63 Baskin, Charles 21 Baskin, Kitt (nee Kennerly) 21 Bath County 59 Baylor, David 108 Beard’s Mill 153 Bedell, John 135 Belfast (Northern Ireland) 16, 18 Berry, A.M. 45 Bethel Presbyterian Church 21 Beverley Grant 18 Big Sandy 28 Big Spring Pond 76 Blacksburg, Va. 28 Blacksmithing 108 Blair, Charles 78 Blair, John 21 Blowing Cave (Castle Hill) 76 Blue Hole (Augusta County) 76–78 Blue Hole (Rockingham County) 79 Bolen, J.E. 76 Borden Grant 18 Botetourt County 144 Boyden, Lt. 53 Boyne, Battle of 15 Brackett Bridge Co. 61, 64 Braddock, Gen. William 23 Breckinridge, Robert 23

35 Bridges 54–70 Carpenter’s Ford 64 Construction of 55 Concrete 57 Covered 56 Greenville Deck Girder 60 History of 55–70 Jennings Branch 68 Kerr’s Crossing 61 Knightly 65 Maintenance 56 Miller 65 Mount Meridian 67 Pony Pratt 61 Valley Railroad 69 Wallace Mill 62 Whiskey Creek 58 Bridgewater 9, 11, 79, 96 Briery Branch 95, 96 Brooks farm 43, 44 Brooks, Mrs. Dudley 43 Brown, Alexander 16 Brown and Williamson’s Wagon Yard 74 Brown, Col. E.T. 77 Brown, Georgia 78 Brown, John 22, 23 Brownsburg, Va. 51 Broyles, H.B. 45 Bruin, Delaney 76 Brushy Fork 95 Buckingham County 20 Buckley, James 108, 111 Buffalo Gap 10, 11 Bullpasture River 81 Bunsfelt, Charles W. 148 Burke family 97 Burke, Ned 47 Burke’s Livery Stable 74 Burkes Mill 148 Burketown 44 Butler, Gen. 43 Butler, Gen. Smedley G. 40, 45, 53

C C&O Railroad Station 53 C.S.S. Virginia 2

36 Calfpasture River 10, 81 Camelback truss 65 Camp Coolidge 42, 45, 46, 51 Camp LeJeune, S. C. 53 Camp Todd 95 Campbell, Reverend Benjamin 18 Carpenter, E.T. 68 Carpenter, John W. 64 Carpenter’s Ford Bridge 64, 66 Carr, Maria 82 Carter, Henry 48 Cash, Doris 101 Cash, Kim 102 Cash, Ralph 101 Cash, Stanley 102 Cash, Tyler 102 Castle Hill 76 Castleman, Va. 52 Cattle 20, 80–103 Belling 92 Branding 93 Grazing 80–103 Cedar Creek 52 Cedar Falls 97 Cedar Run 40 Central Avenue (Stanton) 75 Central Virginia Railroad 3 Champion Bridge Co. 59, 63, 65, 67 Chappell, Edward 114 Charleston Railroad 2 Charlotte County 23 Charlottesville 3, 11, 40, 72, 146 Chesapeake and Western Railroad 77 Chestnut Level, Pa. 18 Christian, Israel 87 Christian’s Creek 61, 62 Church of Ireland (Anglican) 16 Churchville, Va. 10, 69 Civil War 1–14, 55, 76, 85, 108, 110, 141 Clark, Thomas 144 Clarke County 82, 86, 144 Clarke, Maj. Thomas 47 Click’s Hacking 94, 95 Clifton Forge 3 Cline, Joe 153 Clinedinst, Charlie 95

37 Cline’s Mill 153 Cobham, Va. 40 Coffey, Lynn 101, 102 Coffey, Maggie 101 Coffman, Andrew 146 Coffman, D. 148 Coffman family 148, 149 Colonial Virginia, government 91 Confederate Congress 2 Congregational denomination 18 Conrad’s Store 9 Consumer goods 128 Coolidge, President Calvin 42 Cooper, Gen. Samuel 4, 7 Corbin, Charlie “Buck” 99 Covington 3 Cowpasture River 81 Craig, Analena/Analina (Atwater) 21 Craig, David 15, 21, 26 Craig family 15–23 Craig, George 21, 26 Craig, Isabella 21, 24 Craig, Joanna (Hamilton) 21 Craig, John 15, 23, 26 Craig, Lilian Kennerly 26 Craig, Mary (Baskin) 21 Craig, Patience (Hamilton) 21 Craige, John 15 Craigsville 63 Crawford Draft 45 Crawford, James 108 Crayon, Porte (David Hunter Strother) 80, 87 Crimora 98, 148 Crimora-New Hope Road 40 Cross Keys 12 Crow, William 84 Crowle Building 74 Crozet, Claudius 108, 110 Culpeper 40 Cyclopean Towers (Natural Chimneys) 76

D Daggy, Jacob 76 Dam Town Road 153 Davies, Samuel 23, 24, 25, 28 Davis, President Jefferson 2, 4, 7, 48

38 Dayton, Va. 11, 79 Deerfield 73 Deerfield Valley 10 Dickson, Mac 78 Diet 136 District of Columbia National Guard 50 Doagh Grange 15 Donegal Church, Pa. 19 Donegal Presbytery 18, 24 Donegore Parish (Northern Ireland) 15, 19 Donegore Presbyterian Church 16, 26 Dooms 98, 148 Downs, Janet 153 Draper’s Meadows 23 Drovers 80–103 Dry Branch Gap 10 Dry River 96 Dudley, Emma 44 Dunlap, F.T. 45 DuPont, Senator H.A. 48 Dwyer family 97 Dwyer, Jake 98 Dwyer, Jeff 97, 98

E Eakleton Hotel 75 Early farm 40 Earthquakes 78 Edinburgh University 16 Education 22, 24 Edwards, Jonathan 18 Elk Run Soda 97 Elkton 9 Ellicott Mill 153 Enyart, Lt. Howard 46 Eutsler, John M. 65 Eutsler, Mr. 45 Evans, Lts. W.F. 44

F Fairburn family 111 Fairburn, John Wayne 109 Fairfax County 72 Fairfield 51 Farming 15, 105–151, 109, 127; animal husbandry 98, German farmers 88, grain 84, Ireland 88; livestock 4; Shenandoah Valley grain production 100; wheat 3

39 Fauber, Hampton 102 Fermanagh County (Northern Ireland) 88 Fifth Marine Regiment 40 Fincastle 134 First District (Augusta County) 148 Fishburne Military Academy 46 Fishersville 15, 82 Fishing 76, 78 Fitzgerald, Kenneth 102 Floods 55, 74; Great Flood of 1896 72 Flook, David 86 Folly Farms 89, 96 Folly Mills Creek 70 Fordwick 63 Fort Defiance 15, 40, 46, 51, 53 Fort Defiance Depot 153 Fort Defiance Mill 153, 154 Fort Donelson 2 Fort Frederick 23 Fort Henry 2 Four Mile Burn 16 Franklin, W Va. 11 Frayer, Lt. Col. E.W. 46 Freemason’s Run Creek 76 Frederick County 122, 129, 144 Fredericksburg 87 Fredericksburg Railroad 3 Freeman, Caswell 86 Freeman, Gen. W.B. 50 Frémont, Gen. John C. 9 French and Indian War 23, 24 Frey, Fred 62 Friedens, Va. 45 Front Royal 12 Frontier settlements 23 Fulton, George Newman 144, 146 Fulton, John G. 67 Funnel 76

G G.A.R. 50 Gaines’s Mill 12 Garber, Daniel 153 Garber, Daniel S. 66 Garber, David S. 154 Garber, Minor 153

40 Geiger, Maj. Roy S. 44, 53 Geiger, Major 43 General stores 143 George Russell 27 German culture 116; farmers 88, 134; immigrants 105, 114, 134; influences 125 Glasgow University 16 Glick’s Mill 79 Gooch, Gov. William 19 Good, Isaac 155 Good, Otto Joseph 153, 155 Goolsby Sod 94 Goose Creek 52 Gordonsville 3, 40 Grant, Gen. U.S. 2 Gray Eagle 9 Gray, Lewis Cecil 85 Great Awakening 18 Great Depression 77 Great Flood of 1896 72 Great Philadelphia Road 133 Great Wagon Road 150 Greenbrier County, W Va. 108, 109 Greenbrier pasture 80 Greenville Deck Girder 60 Greer, Andrew 87 Grim(m), David 146, 148 Grimm family 147, 149 Grimm, Jacob 148 Grimms, Christian 148 Guilford Courthouse 28 Gypsy Hill Park 46, 72

H Haines, Frances 46 Hamilton, John 21 Hamilton, William 21 Hampton Roads 2 Hamrick family 105, 121, 129 Hamrick, J.A. 108, 110 Hamrick, James 151 Hamrick, Richard 78, 153 Hankel, Dr. A.M. 75 Hankel, Dr. H.H. 75 Hanna, Abraham 76 Hanover County 12, 22 Hanover Junction 3

41 Hanover Presbytery 22, 24, 25 Harlow family 107, 129 Harlow, Frank 108, 110, 143, 148 Harpers Ferry 12 Harper’s Weekly 80 Harrisonburg, Va. 9, 10, 11, 82, 95, 155 Harrisonburg Steam Pottery 150 Harrisonburg-Warm Springs Turnpike 111 Hawksbill Creek 99 Heatwole, John D. 96, 146 Heatwole, Paul V. 96 Heatwole, Tom 96 Heishman Feed Store 155 Hevener family 111 Hevener, G.W. 109 Hevener, J.W. 109 Hevins, John 83 Higgins, M.P. 46 Highland County 7, 10, 11, 59, 73, 98 Highland House 75 Hillsboro 40 Hines, Gen. Frank 50 Hippard, Alma 86 Hise, Jeff 78 Historic American Engineering Record 63, 64, 66, 67 Holt family 105, 118, 130 Holt, Minerva 108 Holt, Thomas 108, 110 Hone Quarry 95 Hoosier troops 8 Hoover Street 74 Horseradish Jim 75 Horses 20 Hotchkiss, Jedediah 10, 76, 77, 85 Houff, E.L. 68 House of Burgesses 28 Howdyshell, John Jackson 95 Huff’s shoe shop 75 Hughes Store 97 Humphreys, Lowell 102 Hunter, Archibald 87 Hunter, James 87 Hunter, William 87 Huntersville, Va. 4 Hurricane Camille 72 Hyer, William 74

42

I I-81 70 Ice Storm of 1978 72 Indentured servants 22 Iredell, Francis 16 Ireland 15; farming 88, immigrants 134 Irish Presbyterians 16 Irish Tract 18 Ironclad ships 2, 53 Island Ford 97

J Jacksborough, Tenn. 86 Jackson, Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12 Jefferson County, W Va. 1 Jefferson Highway 40 Jennings Branch 69 Jennings Branch Bridge 68 Jennings Gap 10, 11, 98 Jennings Gap Road 59 Johnson, Gen. Edward “Allegheny” 7, 10 Johnston, Gen. Joseph E. 4

K Kanawha Valley 4 Keister, Adam 126, 147 Keister, Adam Sr. 132 Kerr, A.M. 48 Kerr, C.H. 45 Kerr, H. Wesley 48 Kerr, V.B. 62 Kerr’s Crossing Bridge 61 King, William 108, 109 Kiracofe, Leon “Mose” 92, 93, 94, 99 Kiracofe, Stewart 95 Kiracofe, Wilmer 95 Knightly Bridge 65 Knightly Light and Power 153 Knightly Mill 153, 154 Knightly Milling Company 66 Kyle family 105, 129 Kyle, William 108, 110, 119, 151

L Lake Tams 74

43 Lambert, Darwin 97, 98 Larne (Ireland) 18 Leavel, J.T., farm 45 Lee, R E. High School football stadium 74 Lee, Robert E., Gen. 4, 7, 9-13, 48 Lehigh Portland Cement plant 63 LeJeune, Maj. Gen. John A. 48, 53 Lewis Creek 19, 74, 75 Lewis, John 19, 20, 23 Lewis, Maj. Andrew 23 Lewis Street (Staunton) 75 Lewisburg, W Va. 4 Lexington, Va. 5, 51, 72, 73 Lipscomb and Somerville (Potters) 148 Lithia Beach (Waynesboro) 40 Little Calfpasture River 63 Livestock 4, 20, 80-104, 136; illness 20 Livick Brothers 75 Lofton, Va. 73 Lonberger, Stanley 79 Long, Amos, Jr. 88 Long, Arthur 99 Long, Bob 95 Long Glade 42 Long, H.E. 48 Long, Louise Varner 97, 98 Louisa County 23 Low Gimlet 95 Lundy, Cindy (Fairburn) 109 Lushbaugh Brothers 75 Luten Bridge Company 69 Luten, Daniel B. 69 Lutz, Bayler 148 Lutz, Samuel 148

M M. Erskine & Bro. 75 M.E. Miller & Bros. Coal Yard 74 Madison County 98 Mag Lot 101 Major, Lt. H.C. 46 Mallen, Lt. Frank A. 53 Manassas 4, 5 Marines 1-14 Marine band 46 Marshall, Mansfield 76

44 Martin, Ann Smart 134 Martinsburg 134 Mary Baldwin College 46 Maryland 6, 18 McCleary, Ann 113 McClellan, Gen. George B. 2, 5, 12 McClenahan’s Battery 48 McDowell 9, 10, 11 McElroy, Col. John 50 McFall family 105 McFall farm 111 McFall, Isaiah 108 McFall, William 108, 110 Mc’s (surnames) 29 Meade, Bishop William 24 Mecklenburg 133 Memphis Railroad 2 Merchants 151 Mexican War 5, 8 Middle River 42, 43, 44, 64, 65, 67, 153 Middle River Bridge 44 Middle River District Road Board 62, 66, 68 Middlebrook Turnpike 51, 74, 75 Miles, M.J. 87 Mill Creek School Road 102 Mill Creek Schoolhouse 101 Mill Springs 2 Miller, Alexander 25 Miller Bridge 65 Miller Field, Staten Island 53 Miller, Godfrey 127, 128 Miller, M.H. 45 Miller, Robert H. 149 Miller, William 96 Mills 153–155 Milroy, Gen. Robert Huston 8, 10, 13 Mississippi (state) 2 Missouri (state) 2 Mitchell, Robert 145 Moffett Field 43, 44, 52 Moffett, Rear Admiral W.A. 44, 48, 53 Moffett’s Branch 109 Monroe pasture 80 Montebello, Va. 80, 101 Monterey, Va. 9, 10, 11 Montezuma, Va. 79

45 Montgomery Hall Park 72 Morgan, John 146 Moriarity, Officer 45 Morris, Lindsay 148 Morris, Mr. 88 Mossy Creek 76, 96 Mountain Department, U.S. Army 9 Mt. Crawford 9, 45, 126, 132 Mt. Meridian 45, 67 Mt. Meridian Bridge 67 Mt. Pleasant Chapel 156 Mt. Sidney 19 Mt. Solon 11, 77, 148, 149 Muddiman, J.T. 64 Murphy, Sgt. Joseph M. 53 Musselman, Dorothy Varner 97 Myers, Suzita 149

N Nashville 2 Nathaniel Banks 6 National Register of Historic Places 54, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67, 69, 70 Native Americans, conflict 23 Natural Chimneys 76 Natural disasters 72–75; earthquake 78 New Castle, Del. 18 New Hope, Va. 45, 148 New Jersey, College of (Princeton) 25 New Light Presbyterian 18, 20, 23 New Light Synod of New York 21, 22, 24 New Market 48, 52, 134 New Market, Battle of 42, 51 New Monmouth 21 New Providence Presbyterian Church 21, 22, 23 Newport, Va. 51 Newry (Ireland) 88 Nicholl, Andrew 108, 109 Nicholl, Barbara 108 Nicholl, John 108, 109 Nicholson Hollow 99 Niver, Chaplain E.B. 47 Norfolk 5 North Fork (Rappahannock County) 97 North Mountain 10 North River 9, 10, 76, 95 North River District 77

46 North Subdivision (Augusta County) 148 Norwich University, Vt. 8

O Ohio 4 Ohio territory 24 Ohio Valley 23 Old Side Donegal Presbytery, Pa. 23 Old Side Synod of Philadelphia 21, 24 Old Tom Burke House 74 Opequon 18

P Page County 98, 144 Painter’s Mountain Road 102 Palo Alto Gap 96 Park(s), Agnes 15, 26 Parkgate (Ireland) 16 Parnassus, Augusta County 105–151 Parnassus Road 45 Pastures District Road Board 63 Patrick, Gen. Mason 48 Patton, James 20, 22, 23, 84 Payne, Elizabeth Thomas 79 Pendleton County, W Va. 96 Pennsylvania 4, 18 Pennsylvania Germans 88, 109 Peterson, Elizabeth 109 Peterson family 111 Peterson, W.B. 109 Peyton, John Howe 24 Philadelphia, Pa. 81, 84, 133 Piedmont, Va. 25, 42 Pitman, Andrew 122, 127, 128, 129 Pitman, Levi 87 Plecker, J.H. 146, 148, 151 Pocahontas County, W Va. 4, 8, 89, 93, 96 Points, Benjamin 108, 110 Points, Felicia 110 Police, Staunton 74 Poole, Darren 102 Port Republic 12 Port Republic Road 155 Potomac Railroad 3 Potomac River 6, 40 Pottery 107, 122, 125, 126, 132, 144, 145, 147, 148; Naples Yellow glaze 147; industry 131

47 Power, electric 75 Power, gas 75 Pratt pony truss bridge 61 Preatsville, Va. 40 Presbyterian Church 15; colonial 24; Irish 16; ministry 15, 18; minister’s salary 22; sermons 24, 28 Presley, Capt. R.A. 44 Preston, William 22, 23, 28 Prince Edward County 23, 25 Puffenberger, Michael 148 Purcellville, Va. 52

Q Quantico 45, 46, 48, 51 Quantico Creek 40 Quantico Marine Base 40, 52

R Randolph County, W Va. 8 Rankin, James 108, 109 Rapidan River 40 Rappahannock County 97, 98 Rappahannock River 3 Raum, Col. George E. 48 Red Rebels 40 Reformed Denomination 18 Remington, Va. 40 Rhenish house 115 Rice, Rev. David 28 Richland Mountain 96 Richmond, Va. 1-14, 72, 133 Richmond & Danville Railroad 3 Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad 3 Rife’s Ford Road 44 Riverheads District 148 Roads, Augusta County 54 Roanoke, Va. 19 Roanoke Island, NC 2 Rockbridge County 1, 21, 144 Rockfish Meeting House 25 Rockfish Road 40 Rockingham County 19, 86, 144, 146 Rocktown 82 Rocky Spring 21 Roosevelt, Theodore 48 Route 42 105; 56 102; 686 102; 616 153; 769 67; 775 64; 778 65, 153; 835 69; 907 61 Rush, Benjamin 134

48 Rusmeisel, Adam 108, 109, 113, 135 Rusmeisel, Adam, Jr. 116 Rusmeisel, Christian 108, 110, 114, 116, 118, 135 Rusmeisel family 105, 107, 122, 128, 130 Rusmeisel, Rachel 108 Russ, Kurt 149 Russell, George 19 Russell, Isabella Helena 19

S S.M. Wilkes & Company 75 Sandy Creek 23 Sangerville 92, 93 Sapphire Pool 77 Schmid’s Printery 104 Scotch-Irish culture 116; farmers 88; heritage 29; immigrants 105 Scotland 15 Second Creek Farm 102 Selim the Algerine 24 Seven Days Battles 12 Shaeffer Farm 142 Shawnee 23, 24, 28 Shenandoah County 87, 144 Shenandoah Mountain 9, 10, 95 Shenandoah National Park 97, 98, 99, 100 Shenandoah Valley Campaign 1–14 Shenandoah Valley Electric Company 73 Shepherdstown, W Va. 133 Shuilte, C.F. 44 Shull, George Washington 95 Shull’s Sod 94 Shumate, Wm. & Company 148 Simpson, Mildred Good 153, 154 Sipe, William H. 96 Sitlington’s Hill 11 Skidmore 95 Skyland 99 Slavery 20, 22, 24, 27, 109, 118, 133 Smals, Henry 83, 92, 96 Smiley, W.V. 68 Smith, P.S. 45 Smithfield 28 Sods 99 Spiencop 97 Spottswood, Va. 101 Spring Hill 146

49 Springfield rifle 51 Springhill, Va. 45 St. Francis Catholic Church 53 Staunton, Va. 3, 19, 46, 53, 70, 72-75, 80, 87, 95, 98, 110, 134, 148; Civil War 110 Staunton Kiwanis Club 46 Staunton Library 75 Staunton Military Academy 46 Staunton Milling Company 74 Staunton Spectator 159 Staunton Video Company 73 Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike 3, 10 Stephan, Gen. Anton 50 Stephens City, Va. 122 Stockton Brothers 75 Stokesville, Va. 78 Stonewall, Va. 45 Stoneware industry 149 Strand Theater 47 Strasburg, Va. 11, 129, 132, 134 Strasburg-Front Royal Railroad 12 Stribling Springs 11 Strother, David Hunter (Porte Crayon) 80, 87 Stuarts Draft, Va. 73 Subletts Warehouse 75 Sugar Grove Valley, W Va. 94 Sugarland, Va. 52 Suter, Emanuel 146, 150, 151 Suter, Scott 146 Swift Run 97 Swift Run Gap 11, 97 Swimming holes 79 Synod of Philadelphia 18, 19, 22, 23

T Tanning industry 76 Taylor, Adm. David 48 Tennant, Gilbert 18 Tennessee (state) 2 Thomas, Carrie 99 Thomas, Dorothy 79 Thomas, Elizabeta 79 Thomas, Emory 79 Thomas, Evangeline 79 Thomas, Frank Jr. 79 Thomas, Homer F. 79 Thomas, Joe 99

50 Thomas, Norman 79 Thomas, Otho 79 Thompson, Rev. John 18, 22, 27 Thornburg Stable 74 Thornton River 97 Thorofare Mountain 99 Tidewater 2, 3, 5 Timber Ridge Presbyterian Church 21, 22, 23 Tinkling Spring Presbyterian Church 15, 20, 23, 25 Tinkling Spring Church 19, 22 Todd, Jim 95 Toleration Act 19, 26 Trade 133 Transportation 54-71 Trinity College, Dublin 16 Trinkle, Gov. E. Lee 48 Triple Forks Presbytery 18 Trotter, Archibald 108 Trotter, James 108 Trout fishing 78

U U.S.S. Monitor 2 Ulster (Ireland) 15 Underwood, Maj. R.O. 46 Union Springs (Rockingham County) 96 Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Park 77

V Valley Turnpike 3, 7, 9, 40, 43, 44, 54, 61 Valley Railroad 70 Valley Railroad Bridge 69 Valley Virginian 75 Varner Brothers 97, 98 Varner, Hamilton 98 Varner, Martin 98 Veterans Administration 50 Victory Lake 74 Vigar, John 76 Virginia & Tennessee Railroad 4 Virginia Central Railroad 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 13 Virginia Department of Highway and Transportation 70, 73 Virginia Electric and Power Company 73, 153 Virginia Hotel 75 Virginia Register of Historic Palces 70 Virginia legislature 84

51 Virginia Military Institute 5, 48, 50, 51 Virginia Railroad Depot 74 Virginia Speleological Survey 76

W Wakefield, Edward 88 Wallace, H.C. 48 Wallace Mill Bridge 62 Wallace Mill gristmill 63 Wallace, Oswald S. 63 Walter, Edward 148 Walter’s Pottery 148 Wampler Mill 153 Warm Springs-Harrisonburg Turnpike 110 Warren County 144 Washington College 52 Washington D.C. 6, 7, 11 Watson, J.W. 148 Watson, Samuel 148 Waynesboro, Va. 3, 10, 11, 14, 19, 40, 98; Civil War 110 West Dry River Road 79 West Point, NY 5, 8 West View, Va. 10, 11 Wheatland Mill 153 Whiskey Creek Bridge 58 Whistleman, Waldo 98 Whitefield, George 18 William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research 105 William III, King 15 Wills 29-39 Willson, Emory 47 Willson’s Drug Store 47 Wilson, Conrad 148 Wilson, Craig 27 Winchester 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 18, 82, 51, 134 Windswept Road 44 Wine, Mr. 95 Wise Bros. 75 Witchcraft 20 Witz Furniture Factory 72 Wood processing plant 76 Wooddell, James Howard 78 Work, Herbert 48 WVPT 73

52 Y Yost’s Weekly 75 Young, Arthur 88 Young, F.M. 108

Z Zimmerman, Jacob 89, 93 Zink’s Mill School Road 102

2004 Index Symbols 13th Regular Cavalry 141

A African-American Festival 9 Afton Mountain 44 Albertson, Mary 154 Alexander family 123-138 Alexander, Mary 128 Alexander, Mrs. Dr. 149, 156 Alexander, William B. 128 Alleghany County 57 Allen, James 145 Alman, Sarah 145 Alman, Wyatt 145 Alum Springs 56 American Presbyterian Congo Mission 27 American Revolution 14, 95 Amity Township 107 Anderson, John R. 145 Anderson, Martha 145 Antrim, Mrs. George T. 160 Antrim, Susan Jane 133 Antrim, Thomas 131 Appalachian Trail 81, 83 Appalachian Trail Conference 83 Argenbright, B.F. 160 Armistead, Mary Caperton Braxton 3 Armistead, Mrs. Robert Morris 3 Atkinson, Dr. 147 Atwater, Eanes 109 Augusta County Government Center 10 Augusta County Library 10 Augusta County Militia 14 Augusta County School Board 19 Augusta Medical Center 12

53 Augusta Stone Presbyterian Church 6, 13 Awde, Major Thomas 145 Awde, Willie J. 145

B B&O train 139 Bailey, Joseph 147 Baker Brothers 146 Baker, Geo. P., Esq. 148 Baker, John F. 145 Baker, Mrs. G.P. 148 Baker, Rev. William E. 145 Baldwin, Briscoe B. 161 Baldwin, D. Sheffey 145 Baldwin, Eliza Lee 145 Baldwin, John B. 161 Baldwin, Mrs. James 151 Baldwin, Mary 33 Baldwin, Oliver P. 145 Balley, Frederick 145 Balley, Mrs. Frederick 145 Balley, Sarah 145 Balley, Wm. H., Esq. 145 Banks, Henry 145 Barb, Rev. 159 Barnett, Nathan J. 51 Baskin, Mr. 128 Bath Iron Works 57, 60, 61 Baylor, Frances 146 Baylor, John T. 146 Baylor, Rebecca 146 Beard, Jacob 161 Beard, Jno. 161 Beard, Mary 146 Beeder, John 131 Bell & Goodloe 62 Bell, Ann 146 Bell, Frances 146 Bell, John J. 152 Bell, Maj. Henderson M. 146 Bell, Mrs. Col. David S. 149 Bell, Mrs. Col. John J. 156 Bell, Richard Phillips, III, Dr. 1, 4, 6, 18 Bell, W.J. David 160 Bell, William 160 Bergin, Anna 146

54 Berks County, Pa. 105, 111 Berry, C.C. 140 Beverley Manor Turnpike Co. 66 Bicentennial 9 Bickle, Mary J. 146 Bickle, Robert G., Esq. 146 Bingham, George Caleb 11 Bird, Mark 105 Blacksmiths 116–121 Blackwell, Mary Kathryn 4 Blakemore, Elizabeth 146 Blaseh, Frederick 99 Blue Ridge Parkway 79, 80, 83 Board of Public Works 52 Boaz, William D. 49 Bolgiano, Chris 17 Boone, Isaiah 106 Boone, Daniel 105–106 Boone, George 107 Boone, Squire, Jr. 106 Boone, Squire, Sr. 107 Borden, James 146 Bosserman, David 59 Bosserman, Earl “Buddy” 7 Bosserman, Elizabeth (Swortzel) 146 Boston, Thomas 99 Bothwick, Mattie May 146 Bowling, A.W. 146 Bowling, Andrew 146 Bowling, Elizabeth 146 Bowman, Curtis L. 7 Boxley, Miss 155 Boyd, Rev. 145 Bradley, Mrs. Wm. W. 149 Brand, James A. 146 Brandes, Kelley 143 Bratton, Capt. Robert 116 Bratton, George 116 Bratton, James 116 Bratton, William 116, 116–121 Breckenridge, John B. 163 Brenaman, Samuel, Esq. 146 Brooks, John Sowers 9 Brown, Dr. John G. 146 Brown, Frances Geer 19 Brown, Henry 146

55 Brown, Katharine Lowe 7 Brown, Lucy 152 Brown, Mary 146 Brown, Mrs. William A. (Ruff) 147 Brown, Oliver M. 146 Brown, William A. 147 Brubeck, Adam 147 Brubeck, Maggie S. 147 Bruce, G.A. 130 Buffalo Forge 61 Buffalo Gap 123 Bumgardner, Capt. James 147 Bumgardner, Daniel 147 Bumgardner, James 58, 66 Burgess, Mary 147 Bush, David 131, 133 Bushes, William 132 Bushman, Katherine 3, 7, 8, 12, 14, 15, 17 Bushman, William 15 Butler, Chas. 147

C C &O 140 Cabell, Frederick M. 47, 49 Cabell, Joseph Carrington 49 Cabell, N. Francis 49, 51, 58 Cackley, Rev. A.M. 150 Calfpasture River 57, 61 Calman, Thomas 147 Calvert, Stephen 148 Campbell, Edith 95 Campbell, Edward Jenkins 147 Campbell, Frances Newton 147 Campbell, Hugh 96 Campbell, John W. 147 Campbell, Joseph 95 Campbell, Louisa 147 Campbell, Mary 95 Campbell, Rev. James A. 95 Campbell, Rollin 147 Campbell, William 95–104 Campbell, William B. 95 Campble (Campbell), Hugh 104 Carsner, Sallie 147 Carter, James 147 Carter, Katherine Kivlighan 11

56 Carter, Mary A. 147 Carter, Mrs. Samuel Henley 11 Cease family 124 Cedar Grove 57, 60, 64 Charbonneau 121 Chester County, Pa. 112 Christian, Bolivar 50, 58, 65, 70 Christian, Samuel 51, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 68, 70, 75, 84 Christians Creek 59 Churchville 132 Civil War 44, 50, 65, 72, 75, 109, 123, 123–138 Clark, Dr. 146 Clark, William 116 Clem, Gladys Bauserman 4, 11 Click, David 13 Clymore, Edward 19 Cochran, Justice George M. 1 Coe, R.A. 147 Coe, Roland L. 147 Coffelt, John B. 148 Coffett, Ira D 148 Coffield, Patrick J. 19 Coffman, Ralph 7, 17 Cohron, Joseph W. 16 Coiner, Edgar R. 13 Coiner family 12 Cokely, Cornelius 111 Cokely, Johanna 111 Cokely, Mary 111 Coleman, John 51 Collins, M.L. 148 Collins, Rev. G.T.D. 148 Collins, Richard H. 106 Cook, Rice 133 Cooke, C.L. 148 Cooke, J.A. 148 Cooke, Marie 148 Cooke, William D. 148 Covington 62 Cowpasture River 116 Cowpens, Battle of 108 Craig, John 128 Craig, May H. 146 Craun, George S., Jr. 148

57 Crawford Beach & Co. 109 Crawford, John 160 Crawford, Patrick 160 Crawford, William 109 Critzer, Ettie 148 Critzer, Jno W. 148 Cross, John A. 61 Crouse, Barbary 130 Crowil, Mr. 155 Crozet, Claudius 44 Cunningham, Kevin 13

D Danenhower, John 61 Darnall, M.H. 130 Darwin, Charles 33 Davis, Abram 61 Davis, Allen 148 Davis, David 107 Davis, Eugene, Jr. 144 Davis, James Cole 67 Davis, Jas. 148 Davis, Jefferson 24 Davis, John B. 5, 7, 19 Davis, William W. 58, 61, 66, 67, 75, 76 Deel, George 134 Deffenbaugh, Evaline 148 Deffenbaugh, Lewis 148 DeFrance, Larry 113 Dennison, Lucy 142 Dice, J.C. 148 Dice, Sallie R. 148 Diddle, John 50 Dilbeck, Isaac 107 Dinkle, Giles 149 Dinkle, Samuel 149 Dixon, James H. 61 Doddridge, P. 99 Dold, Ann Cameron 109 Dold, Capt. Jesse 108 Dold, Catherine Hillegas 109 Dold, Philip 108 Donahue, Father 160 Dorman, Capt. Wm. Bolivar 149 Dorman, Col. James B. 149 Dorman, Elizabeth Bell 149

58 Dorman, Gen. C.P. 149 Dorman, Margaret C. 149 Dorman, Margaret (McCue) 149 Dosh, Rev. Dr. Thomas 146 Downs, Earl 7, 16 Downs, Janet 7, 16 Doyle, John 61 Draper family 105–106 Draper, Lyman C. 106 Duffie, Brigadier Gen. A.N. 73 Duvall, Charles 149 Duvall, Lucretia 149 Duvall, W.D.F. 149

E Eagan, Sampson 149 Eakleton Hotel 21 Early, Gen. Jubal 123, 134 Easly, Moses 109 Egan, Judge James 149 Elder, Fitzhugh, Jr. 4, 19 Ellinger, Newton 149 Ellinger, Susan 149 Emmanuel Episcopal Church 142 Enswiler, Louisa M. 78 Ephemera Fund 20 Eplen, Stephen 103 Ervin, Benjamin 103 Ervin, James Robinson 149 Eskridge, Alfred A. 149 Eskridge, B.B., Esq. 149 Eskridge, Brooke 151 Eskridge, Hattie 149 Euritt, William J. 149 Eve, Robert C. 149

F Fairview Cemetery 40 Farrar, Tucker W. 50, 51, 55, 61 Ferguson, F. Luis 150 Ferguson, Jessie 150 Ferguson, S.A. 150 Ferguson, S.R. 150 Fielding, John E. 157 Fielding, Joseph A. 157 Fifer, B.F. 150

59 Fifer, Caroline L. (Bickle) 150 Finks, Capt. J.B. 150 Finley, Rev. T.J. 162 Fishburne, Junius R. 11 Fishburne Military School 13 Fisher, Robert 102 Fitzgerald, Nancy 150 Fitzpatrick, Alexander 49, 55 Fix, Bettie A. 150 Fix, Dora 150 Fix, George 150 Fix, Jos. 150 Flack, Charlotte 150 Flanders, Dudley 5, 12 Forde, Standish 112 Forrer, Rebecca E. 150 Forrer, Robert 150 Fort Defiance 11 Fort Mandan, N.D. 118 Foster, Mrs. 162 Franklin, Humes, Jr. 15 Frazier, William 150 Fretwell, John C. 139 Fricker, James 150 Frontier Culture Museum 9, 10, 19 Fry, Newton A. 150 Frye, John 131

G Ganter, James 150 Garber, Albert J. 151 Garber, Asher W. 151 Garber, Edward 151 Garber, Fannie 151 Garber, Michael 148 Garber, Michael C. 151 Garber, Mrs. John A. 151 Garber, Thomas 151 Gardner, Rev. 158 Gates, C.H. 151 Gates, Fannie (Rogers) 151 Gatewood, Betty Jean Belkham 7 Gaver, Rev. H.A. 163 Gay, Alice 151 Gay, G.W. 151 Gay, Lizzie 151

60 Gayer, John C. 151 Genbrye, James 133 Gentry, A.H. 151 Gentry, John 151 George, Dr. Reuben K. 151 Gibbs, Wayt, III 5 Gibraltar Forge 57 Gibson, James 109 Gilham, William 105, 109 Gilkeson, Celestine 151 Gilkeson, Harriet 151 Gilkeson, Wm. F., Esq. 151 Gillespie, Jno. L. 151 Gillespie, William M. 53 Gillom, Elizabeth Miller 108 Gillom, William 108 Gilmer, Jeremy Francis 72, 73, 77 Gisener, S.T.W. 140 Glass, Sergeant Patrick 120 Glebe Cemetery 8 Goldenberg, Dr. Joseph 10 Goodloe, H.A. 64, 76 Gordon, A.C., Esq. 152 Gordon, Alex T. 152 Gordon, Armistead 147 Gordon, Chas. H. 152 Gordon, E.C. 149 Gordon, Elizabeth Lindsay 152 Gordon, Gen. Wm. F. 152 Gordon, Jas. L. 152 Gordon, John C. 152 Gordon, Maria 152 Gordon, Mason 152 Gordon, Mrs. Jas. 148 Gordon, Reuben L. 152 Gorman, Bridget 152 Goshen 57, 62 Goshen Pass 58, 78 Gowing, Mary 15 Gowing, Mrs. N.H. 15 Graham, James 105 Great Valley Patriots 14 Greystone Farm 111 Grottoes 11 Guilford Courthouse, Battle of 108 Guy’s Run 64

61 Gypsy Hill Park 9

H Hailey, Vera 10 Hall, Benj. 160 Hall, Sallie 126 Hamaker, D.B. 150 Hamilton, Robert A. 139 Hamrick, Richard Minor, Jr. 2, 5, 7, 12, 15, 17, 19 Hardy, John M. 152 Hardy, Mrs. Charles 152 Hardy, Richard H. 152 Harlow, Henry 130 Harman, Col. A.W. 152 Harman, Col. M.G. 75, 76, 149 Harman, Maggie Bell 152 Harman, William H. 50, 148, 151, 152 Harnsberger, Dr. Stephen 157 Harnsberger, Henry H. 157 Harnsberger, Jos. 157 Harnsberger, Robert S. 152, 157 Harnsberger, Stephen 157 Harper, Gen. Kenton 152 Harper, George K., Esq. 152 Harper, Kenton 152 Harris, Hiram M. 152 Harris, M.J. 152 Harris, Nannie M. 152 Harrison, George 147 Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society 10 Harter, Dale 20 Harter, Mrs. Dale 20 Hartsook, D.J. 50, 60, 69 Hartsook, Daniel J. 49, 55, 57 Hawes, Samuel 109 Hawkins, Benjamin 153 Hawkins, Richard 153 Hebron Church 145 Hemp, Amanda M. 153 Hemp, Jno N. 153 Hendren, Annie 153 Hendren, Judge John H. 153 Hendren, Lucy Peyton 153 Hendren, Rev. Dr. 150 Henkel, Daniel 150

62 Herren, Thomas D. 133 Herring, Edith D. 153 Herring, P., Esq. 153 Hess, Erasmus 153 Hess, Margaret 153 Heydenrich, F.O. 153 Heydenrich, Freida 153 Hill, Patrick 153 Hillegas, George Peter 109 Hillsborough 56 Historic Staunton Foundation 9, 21 Hite, Wm. St. Clair 153 Hoffman, Dr. M.C. 18 Hoffman, Lily 153 Hoffman, Mrs. M.C. 18 Hoge, Arista 151 Hogg, Rozalia 10 Hollberg, Sara 10 Holms, Sarah 112 Hopkin, Mrs. 154 Hotchkiss, Jedediah 15, 75 Houston, Matthew 26 Huff, Richard 19 Huffman, Abraham 153 Huffman, Catherine 153 Hughart, Thomas 8 Hulihan, Rev. W.Q. 158 Humpback Mountain 83 Humpback Rocks 81 Humphries, A.F. 153 Hunter, John 156 Hunter, Elijah 50, 65 Hunter, Samuel 50 Hupman, Mary Ann 153 Hupman, Nannie Elizabeth 153 Hupman, Valentine 153 Hurley, Mrs. 147 Hussey, John 154 Hussey, Margaret 154

I Imboden, Gen. John D. 47, 57, 70, 73, 151, 154 Irish immigrants 54 Irving, Robert 139 Irwin, Mrs. James E. 154

63

J Jackson, Gen. Andrew 75, 110, 130 James Madison University 9, 17 James River 49 James River Turnpike 75 Jefferson, Thomas 42, 116 Jennings, C.C., Esq. 154 Jennings, Edward 125 Jennings, Sallie Carter 154 Jett, Rev. Robert 142 Johns, Bettie S. 154 Johnson, Bob 130 Johnson, Breeze 59, 65, 68, 69, 75, 84 Johnson, Polly 160 Johnson, Wm. P. 124 Johnston, James 149 Johnston, Jane 149 Jordan, Davis & Co. 61 Jordan, Hannah Davis 61, 68 Jordan, Mary 75 Jordan, Mrs. G.C. 148 Jordan, Samuel F. 61, 68 Jordan, William H. 68, 70, 75 Jordan’s Furnace 57 Junction Valley Turnpike 60

K Kanawha Canal 45, 49 Kavanaugh, Moses 154 Keller, Addie C. 154 Keller, Jerome W. 154 Keneday, Littleton 131 Kenney, Nicholas C. 154 Kerr, Beirne 8 Kerr, Beirne Jones 6 Kerr, John P. 154 Kerr, Lizzie 154 Kidd, Anne Covington 13, 17 Kidd, Mrs. N. Wilbur 13 King, Capt. John E. 154 King, Clinton M. 131 King, Dr. Geo. Moffett 154 King, William Wayt 154 Kinney, Hon. William 146 Kinney, John 147

64 Kinney, Major Chapman Johnson 154 Kiwanis Club of Staunton 9 Knighting, Etta 162 Knupp, Dora 155 Knupp, Ettie 155 Knupp, George 155 Knupp, Lanie 155 Knupp, Mattie 155 Knupp, Noah 155 Knupp, Odie 155 Koiner, David W. 155 Komarek, Carole (Womeldorf) 105, 110 Konnarock Trail Crew 83 Korean War 142 Kraft, Lucy 155 Kraft, W.E. 155 Kramer, William 130 Kuper, William 60 Kurtz, Adam 133 Kurtz, Mr. 148 Kyle, Geo. 155 Kyle, Juliet 155 Kyle, Robert H. 155

L Lambert, Charles 108 Lambert, Glenda Jean 17 Lamond, Rebecca Grant 113 Landes, Mary M. 162 Lapsley, Samuel 26 Lee, Robert E. 76 Lehman, Diana 105 Leifeste, Jo Ann 144 Leopold, King of Belgium 26 Lescure, Delores 15 Lewis family 142 Lewis, Florence 141 Lewis, James A. 150 Lewis, John F. 145 Lewis, Laura Rebecca 141 Lewis, Mary Katherine 141 Lewis, Meriwether 116 Lexington Presbytery 1, 25 Livingstone, David 33 Long, Capt. Joseph 9 Long Glade 10, 145

65 Longanacre, Susanna 112 Louisiana Purchase 116 Loving, Frank T. 158 Lowry, George 59 Lowry, John 103 Luke, John 47 Lydia Furnace 60 Lyon, Cheryl 8 Lyon, W.W. 155 Lyons, Charles W. 155 Lyons, Enos 155 Lyons, Maggie 155 Lyons, Willie 155

M Machesna, William 125 Mackey, Bell 136 MacMaster, Dr. Richard K. 15, 16 Macochly, Cornelius 111 Macochly, Johanna Parker 111 Mann, Oliver T. 155 Markwood, Rev. 147 Marshall, Robin 13 Martin, Sarah Frances 24 Mary Baldwin College 9 Mason, Capt. Claiborne Rice 155 Masonic Building 19 Massey, Sue 150 Massie, N. 130 Maugridge-DeTurk House 110 Maury Highway 78 Maury, Matthew Fontaine 76 Maury River 60 Mauzy, Albert G. 154 Mauzy, Jos. N. 154 Maxell, Moses 136 Maxwell, Mary 136 McAllister, Wm. M. 149 McCaskey, David 5, 8 McChesney, Adam 155 McChesney, Dr. J. Newton 156 McChesney, Dr. Wm. S. 156 McCleary, Dr. Ann 4, 5, 11, 12 McClelland, J.B. 58 McClung, Capt. Lewis 156 McClung, Susan (Reamer) 156

66 McComb, J.K. 156 McComb, James 156 McComb, Mary 156 McComb, Lizzie 156 McCord, Jas. 133 McCue, Col. Franklin 160 McCue, Col. Moses H. 156 McCue, Franklin 160 McCue, Hon. Jno. 149 McCue, John H. 65 McCue, John Howard 156 McCue, Judge J.H. 149 McCue, Mary McKim 19 McCue, Nancy 160 McCue, Samuel S. 156 McCutchen, Jas. 156 McCutchen, Rev. Frank 152 McCutcheon, Florence H. 152 McCutcheon, Frank 25 McDowell, Sallie 156 McGuffin, Charles 156 McGuffin, David C. 156 McGuffin, David C., Jr 156 McGuffin, Kate 156 McGuffin, Wm. W. 156 McLaughlin, William 75 McPherson, R. Fontaine 12 McRobert, Theodore B. 156 Menk, Dr. Patricia 7 Merritt, John W. 154 Methodist Episcopal Church 148 Michelboro, Mary G. 157 Middlebrook 12 Middlebrook and Brownsburg Turnpike 52, 60 Miley, Michael 50 Miley, Mrs. 161 Mill, Stephen 112 Miller, Alley Rebecca 157 Miller, Anna Sadowsky 112 Miller, Dr. W.W. 107 Miller, Edgar M. 78 Miller, Elizabeth 107, 108 Miller, Hannah 107 Miller, Henry 105–106, 107, 109 Miller, Jonathan 112 Miller, Maj. Thos. K. 157

67 Miller, Martha 107, 108 Miller, Mary 107 Miller, Samuel 107 Miller, Sarah 107 Miller, Sarah Warin 112 Miller, Stephen 107 Miller, Stephen, Jr. 107 Milller, Joane 107 Mills, John, Esq. 157 Minis, Louisa Porter (Gilmer) 72 Moffett, Col. George 107 Moffett, Dr. George Boone 107, 110, 112 Moffett, Judge William S., Jr. 19 Montgomery, James 157 Moore, Robert 16 Moorman, E.G. 160 Moorman, Mary 160 Morgan, Ann Cameron Dold 109 Morgan, Gen. John Hunt 109 Morgan, Luther 109 Moses, Anna “Grandma” 12 Mossy Creek 111 Mossy Creek Ironworks 105 Mount Torry Furnace 73 Mt. Sidney 12 Mt. Tabor Lutheran 12 Muller, Stephan 111 Muzzy, Larry 12 Myers, Isaac 157 Myers, Jacob 148 Myers, John 157 Myers, Margaret Ann 157 Myers, Minnie B. 157 Myller, Hanna Winters 108 Myller, Henry 108

N Nash, Harry Lee, Jr. 5, 6, 14 Neeley, Robert 157 Nelson County 24 Nelson, Rev. Robert 157 Nelson, Robert 102 Nelson, Rose 157 Newman, James 157 Newman, Thelma 7 Newton, Isaac, Esq. 147

68 Nichols, Mary E. 157 Norris, Albert 157 Nunan, Thomas 158 Nutt, Joseph R. 16, 17, 111 Nutt, Mary Beirne Kerr 5, 20 Nutt, Mrs. Robert Hasbrouck 20 Nutt, Sarah Howell East 20, 21

O Old Dominion Appalachian Trail Club of Richmond 83 O'Leary, Timothy 158 Opdegraefe, Jane 112 Opdegraefe, Peter 112 Overton, Frank 158

P Pace, Ella 158 Pace, Theodore A. 158 Pace, Theodore A., Jr. 158 Panther’s Gap 56 Parker, Edward 112 Parker, Henry 112 Parker, Jane 112 Parker, Johanna 111, 112 Parsons, Mrs. Dr. 149 Patrick, James 5, 18 Patrick, Eleanor D. 5, 18 Patrick, Mrs. William 153 Patterson, Crawford 8 Patterson, James F. 158 Patterson, W.W. 147 Paul, Robert 158 Paul, William 158 Perrow, A.H. 158 Perrow, Jennie (Burgess) 147, 158 Perry, Elizabeth H. 4 Pettigrew, George W. 158 Pettigrew, James M. 158 Pettigrew, Jane A. 158 Pettigrew, Mary Virginia 158 Peyton, Hon. John Howe 150 Peyton, John Lewis 16 Pilson, James M. 158 Pilson, Lucy H. 158 Pilson, Matthew 59, 60, 63, 66, 67, 75 Pilson, Roy E. 59

69 Pitt, William 109 Plunkett, John H. 158 Point Pleasant, Battle of 9, 108 Porterfield, Mary (Anderson) 145 Porterfield, Robert 158 Powell, E.T. 159 Powell, Ella 158 Powell, Hugh L. 158 Powell, Thomas G. 159 Pratt, William 47 Pruger, Charles 159 Pruger, Emma 159 Pruger, Frank 159 Pruger, Julius 159 Pruger, William 159

Q Quidore, Dr. L.L. 159

R R.R. Smith History and Art Center 16, 21 Ransom, Capt. Thomas D. 161 Ranson, Capt. Thomas F. 159 Ranson, Mary Fontaine 159 Reese, Dr. H.P. 159 Reese, William Kennon 159 Revolutionary War 111 Rexrode, Andrew 159 Rexrode, Henrietta Russell 159 Rice, Capt. R.K. 153 Richman, Harmon 107 Roadcap, Christian 60, 78 Robertson, Hannah G. 152 Robertson, J. Russell 159 Robertson, Judge Wm. J. 152 Robertson, Mary D. 129, 135 Robertson, Peggy 127 Robinson, Bessie J. 141 Robinson, Cervin 110 Robinson, Rev. 148 Rockbridge Baths 64 Rockbridge McAdam Road Company 76 Rockfish Gap 44, 83 Rockingham County mills 16 Rodgers, John 147 Rogers, Jno. 147

70 Rogers, Reese 147 Rogers, William G. 147 Root, Jesse 159 Root, William 159 Roper, Peter W. 75 Rosen, Irvin T. 7 Roswell (or Boswell) Rev. D.S.S. 148 Rous, Parke 11 Rusmisell, Mrs. G.B. 159 Ryan, Christina 159 Ryan, Joseph James 78 Ryan, Thomas F. 78

S Sacajawea 121 Sadowsky, Andrew 112 Sadowsky, Anna 112 Sadowsky, Antony 112 Sadowsky, Ephraim 113 Salem Lutheran Church 12 Scherer, John B. 159 Schmucker, Phillip 159 Scott, William A. 51, 59 Scottsville 44 Seawright, George 145 Shaw, Daniel 160 Shaw, Robert 160 Sheets, Mary A. (Swartzel) 160 Sheets, Mary Jane 160 Sheets, Mrs. William P. 160 Sheffey, Daniel 145 Sheffey, Hugh W. 145 Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation 17 Shenandoah Valley Folklore Society 9 Shenandoah Valley Historical Institute 9 Shenandoah Valley Rural Heritage Foundation 12 Sheppard, Lucy (Gantt) 34, 36, 40 Sheppard, Sarah Frances (Martin) 24, 34 Sheppard, William H. 24, 34, 139 Sheppard, William Henry, Jr. 24–41 Sherman, E. Jane 18 Shields, John 116-121 Shields, Nancy (Stockton) 116 Shields, Robert 116

71 Shiplett, William 160 Shook, Gloria 10 Show, Daniel 157 Shreckhise, Jacob 160 Shreve, Capt. Henry Miller 106, 108, 112 Shreve, Israel 111 Shreve, Mary Cokely 111 Sieg, Judge 160 Sillings, Jno., Esq. 160 Simmons, J. Susanne 7, 10 Simpson, William M. 139 Skinner, Col. 147 Slavery 54 Smith, Cannie Viola 161 Smith, Effie 161 Smith, Henry T. 161 Smith, John N. 161 Smith, Judey 161 Smith, R.R. “Jake” 21 Smith, Rev. Lewis 147 Smith, S.C. 139 Smith, Thomas 109 Snapp, Eugene D. 140, 141, 142 Snapp, Florence E. 140 Snapp, Henry L. 141 Snapp, Miller Dunbar 139-144 Snapp, Milton 142, 143 Snapp, Mrs. Eugene D. 140 Snyder, David 147 Sorrells, Nancy 10, 12, 14 Sottard, Mrs. 161 Southard, James W. 150 Spiece, Bettie E. 137 Spiece, Dorinda 125 Spiece family 123-138 Spiece, Marsha 131 Spiece, Sue 123 Sprunt, Dr. James 14, 20 Stanley, Henry 26 Staunton and James River Turnpike 44 Staunton Augusta Art Center 21 Staunton City Council 10 Staunton Fine Arts Association 20 Staunton Military Academy 142 Staunton Public Library 18 Staunton Spectator 145

72 Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike 123 Steele, J.G. 145 Steele, John 145 Steele, Sarah F. 156 Stevens, Vivian Lea 20 Stewart, Bob 105 Stiff, Herbert 161 Stiff, William O. 161 Stillman College 25 Stillman, Dr. Charles 25 Stoddard, Herbert 161 Stoddard, Maynard 161 Stonewall Jackson Band 9 Stonewall Jackson School 20 Stout, Sallie 158 Stover, Geo. H. 161 Stover, Lacy V. 161 Stover, Michael B. 161 Straith, Charlotte A. 161 Straith, Dr. John 161 Straub, Elizabeth 161 Straub, James 161 Straub, John 161 Straub, Robert 161 Stribling, Mrs. Dr. F.T. 158 Strickler’s Springs 61 Stuart, A.P. 162 Stuart, Adam 161 Stuart, Archibald Gerard 161 Stuart, Frances C. 161 Stuart Hall 10 Stuart, Hon. Alex A.H.H. 154, 161 Stuart, Josephine T. 162 Stuarts Draft High School 13 Sturgeon, Robert 112 Sutherland, Joseph 109 Swartsley, John 59 Swartzell, George 162 Swift, Mack 7 Swortzel, Henry 162 Swortzel, Ira 162

T Tams, William Purviance 1, 4 Tansenes, Robert 102 Tate, Jean 5

73 Taylor, D.F. 162 Taylor, Edwin M. 162 Taylor, Jane E. 162 Taylor, Sarah Jane 162 Taylor, William 130 Terry, Eli 7 Texas Independence, War of 9 Thomas, W.O. 157 Thompson, Eldridge 162 Thompson, Judge Lucas P. 147 Thurmond, Mr. 55 Thurmond, Elisha 73 Tim, Harris 128 Tisdale, Franklin Hanger 162 Tisdale, Mary 162 Tisdale, Matthew M. 162 Told, Martha Miller 108 Told, Philip (Dold) 108 Toohey, Patrick 162 Trevey, Joseph 68 Trice, D.H. 162 Trice, M.A. 162 Trimble, Kelly W. 18 Trinity Episcopal Church 9 Trusler, John 59 Turner, A.J. 162 Turner, Dr. Herbert S. 18 Turner, Randolph 162 Turner, William A. 51 Tuscaloosa Theological Institute 25 Tye River 73 Tye River and Blue Ridge Turnpike 44

U U.S. National Cemetery 19 Ulster-American Heritage Symposium 9

V Valley Turnpike 6 Varner, John A.R. 158 Varner, Macon 158 Vaughn, Thomas 162 Ventres, Chief Gros 120 Victorian Society festival 9 Vines, William 162 Virginia Central Rail Road 62, 64, 75

74 Virginia Court Days Forum 9 Virginia Genealogy Society 20 Virginia General Assembly 44 Virginia Historic Landmark Commission 11 Virginia Hotel 123, 132 Virginia Sky Light Daguarrean Gallery 47 Virginia Soapstone Co. 76

W Waddell, Joseph A. 15, 16 Waddell, Lucy Ann, 148 Waddell, Lyttleton 148 Walker, Jas. 130 Walker, Joseph 58 Wallace, Tate 162 Walters, Robert L. 162 Ward, Etta 162 Ware, Dr. A.R. 7 Waren, Jacob 107 Waren, John 112 Warin, Sarah 112 Warm Springs 56 Washington and Lee University 50 Washington, John A. 159 Watts, Isaac 100 Waynesboro, Battle of 13 Waynesboro Heritage Foundation 9 Waynesboro Public Library 17, 19 Weaver v. Jordan, Davis & Co. 61 Weaver, William 60, 68 Webb, Elizabeth 163 Webb, Elizabeth Knight Sproul 10 Webb, John 113 Webb, Reverend Mr. J. Wesley 113 Webb, William 163 Wheelbarger, Catherine 163 Wheelbarger, Samuel 163 Whitesell, Samuel 59 Whitmore, George 163 Whitmore, John 58 Whitmore, Jos. A. 163 Whitmore, Mollie E. 157 Whitmore, Nettie 163 Wilite, Miss 149 Wilkins, Jean 10

75 Willard, Alexander 121 Williams, Andrew 131 Williams, Mrs. George Gordon 78 Williams, Walter 25 Willow Spout 11 Wilson, Alfred 36 Wilson, D. 163 Wilson, Dr. Howard McKnight 1, 2, 14, 21 Wilson, Dr. James 105 Wilson, Lisa Hill 17 Wilson, Major Wm. M. 163 Wilson, Robert 103 Wilson, S.A. 161 Wilson, Samuel 116 Wilson, Susan 156 Wilson, Virginia Prichard 21 Wilson, William 66, 76 Wilson’s Springs 61, 64 Winston, C.H. 163 Winston, Sallie Hardaway 163 Winter, Ann (or Hannah) Boone 113 Winters, Hanna 108 Wise, John 99, 110 Wiseman, Isaac 107 Withrow, Evelyn 26 Witt, Mr. 55 Womeldorf, Lawrence 163 Womelsdorff, Daniel 105 World War I 142 World War II 142 Wren, A.D. 163 Wren, Susan M. 163 Wright, Wm. T. 158

Y Yancey, Layton W. 4, 5 Young, Samuel 163 Yount, Joseph B., III 15 Yount-Gochenour house 12

2005 ACHS Bulletin Index Symbols 10th Virginia Regiment 76 14th Virginia Cavalry 22, 45

76 30th Virginia Infantry 86 32nd Regiment, Seventh Brigade 32 52nd Virginia Infantry 77 5th Virginia Regiment 50, 97 8th Virginia Regiment 99

A Academy Street 37 ACORD, J. Frank 80 African-Americans 8; free 10 agriculture 34 Albert, Prince 34 ALBY, John W. 80; Mrs. A. V. 80; Mrs. J. W. (Falls) 84 ALEXANDER, Jas. Franklin 80; Wm. 80 Alfred, Frederick J. 3 Allen Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church 114 Allen, James 93; Montague 93; Robert 80, 92 American Hotel 51 Anderson, A. W. 80; O. W. 80 Andrews, J. D. 80; Mrs. Sarah 80 ANGUS, T. D. 80 annual wages 24 Anson, Alfred 34, 46; Baron 34; Lady Caroline 34, 46; Elena 46; Frederick 34, 46; George 34 Antrim, Geo. T. 97 apple butter making 30 APPLE, Mrs. Emma 80; Wm. 80 Arbor Day 52 Arbuckle, Mrs. Julia A. 83 AREHART, Mrs. John (Bart) 81 Argenbright, Newton 88 Armstrong, William 44 Around the World with General Grant 55 Asbury, Francis 107 Ash, Frank 81; Mrs. Francis 81 Ashby, Turner 75 Augusta County Courthouse 20 Augusta County Government Complex 33 Augusta Female Seminary 108 Augusta Fire Company 92 Augusta Rifles 97 Augusta Springs 90 Augusta Stone Presbyterian Church 81, 93 Augusta Street 22, 28, 37 Ayers, Edward 1

77 B B&O depot 17 Bagby Addition 116 Bagby, Benjamin 113, 116 Bagby mansion 120 Bailie, Thomas 96; Wm. H. 96 BAKER, Miss Rebecca 81 Baldwin, Briscoe G. 84; Ed 88; John B. 113; Mrs. John B. 114; Wm. Henry 88 Baldwin-Augusta Fair 33 Ball family 88; H. Cicil 81 BALLEW, Albert Coe 81; Jas. L. 81; Nannie A. 81 bands, military 50 bandstand 52 Banks, Nathaniel 75 baptism 73 Baptist congregation 108 bartering 66, 67, 69 Bath County 64 Baylor, Newton A. 87 Baylor’s Mill 98 BEARD, Mrs. Minnie E. 81 Bell & Montgomery 93 Bell, Miss Bettie 90; David S. 90; Elizabeth A. 44; family 19; Francis 19, 44, 82; George 44; H. M. 90; Henderson 113; James 19, 90; Mrs. Wayt 83; Richard Phillips 116; Samuel 82; Samuel H. 19, 44; Virginia 44; Widow 18, 44; William 83 Bell Farm 17, 19 Belle-Grae Inn 114, 120 Belvidere Farm 23, 24, 27, 29, 31, 32, 43, 45 BERRY, Captain William B. 81 Bethel Presbyterian Church 81, 82 85, 90 Bethlehem Church 95 Betsy, a manumitted African-American 13 Beverley Manor 101 Beverley Manor District 35 Beverley Street 22, 33, 37, 44, 48, 52, 101, 119, 120 Beverley Street Methodist Church 117 Beverley, William 101 Bible Way Community Church 117 Bickel, Adam 44; Bettie N. 44; Robert 44; Robert G. 81 Bickle & Hamrick 87 Bismarck 55 Black Horse Cavalry 100 Black, J. T. 93; John 13; John S. 13; Virginia 13 Blackburn, James W. 81; Thomas 105, 108

78 Blackley, John B. 97 Blackrock Road 24 blacksmithing 64 Blackwell, William 85 BLACKWOOD, David 81 Blakemore, B.A. 116 Blauth, A. 93 boarding house (Mrs. S. J. Payne’s) 83 Bodley, James W. 117 Bodley’s Wagon Works 117 Bowan, Tho. 8; Thomas 82 Bowers Grocery 120 Bowling, Andrew 45 Bowling Mill 87 Boys, Jane St. Clair 110; William 110 Bradley, Henry Clay 114; Marc N. 114 Brady, Mrs. Amanda M. 96 Brand’s Flat 87 Breckenridge, Jno. 100; John C. 48 Brian, F. 94 Brown, Chas. 82; Colonel J. B. 91; Jonathan 82; Mrs. Charles 82; William 93 Brownlee, John 82; Mrs. Nancy 82 Bryan, Mrs. Sarah 96 Buckner, Simon Bolivar 60 Bumgartner, James 77 Burke, R.W. 113; Mrs. Robt. W. 86 Bushong, A. A. J. 94 butchering 68 butter patterns 26 buttermaking 20, 24 Byers, R.C. 45; Samuel 94; Harry F. Jr. 52

C Caldor, Lewis 39 Campbell family 12; Lara 12; Lewis 12; Maria 12; Robert 11; Thomas 12 canning 33 Carrington, Mary 8 Carroll House 118 Carter, Widow 21 Catholic church 7 cattle drives 62 Cattleman Road 19 CAVADALLY, Mrs. L. A. 82 Central Avenue 52 Chancellorsville 76 Chapman, Alfred 82; Mrs. Mary E. 82

79 Charlotte, a manumitted African-American 13 Chateauesque style 112, 116 Chesapeake & Ohio Railway 81 CHEWING, Miss Ann Maria 82 chickens 20, 63, 70 Christ United Methodist Church 117 Christian, Bolivar 84 Church Street 101. 119 churches, 1850 7 Churchman, Mrs. John W. 83, 87 Churchville 64, 68 churning 25 circus 5 Civil War 1, 16, 22, 32, 44, 45, 50, 54, 57, 74, 77, 110 Classical Revival style 105 CLAYTON, A. K 82 Coalter Street 22, 30, 33, 44 Coates, Mrs. Lizzie 94 Cochran (George M.) House 111, 116 Cochran, George M. 110, 120; Maria Boys 110; Mrs. George M. (Lee Stuart) 120 Coiner, Captain C. Benton 82; Mrs. Carrie B. 82 Cold Harbor, Battle of 56 Coleman, Jonathan 9 Collins, Sam 118; T.J. 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118; William 116 Colonial Revival style 106, 116, 118 concerts 52 Confederacy 59 Confederate currency 32 Conkling, Roscoe 59 Continental Army 106 COOKE, Miss Maria E. 82; W. D. 82 Cootes, Harry N. 113; Mary E. 113 Coral Marble Co. 94 corn husking parties 67 Cosby, Dabney 106; Dabney Jr. 82 County Down, Ireland 92 Court Day 69 COWAN, Mrs. Mary 82 Cox, Mrs. R. N. 86 Craig, Daley 119 Craigsville Cemetery 64 Craigsville Depot 48 Crawford, James 33, 82; Mrs. Margaret A. 82; Wm. H. 83 Crimora 23

80 Crimora Mines 91, 98 Cromwell, Oliver 58 Crook, George 45 Crowder, B. V. 83; Tommie 83; T. J. 83 Cunningham, R. S. 95, 99 currency, Augusta County 33

D Daingerfield Farm 33 Daingerfield, Leroy 46 Dantale (Prussia) 93 Daugherty, C. M. 98; Charles E. 28; Ella F. 28 Davis, Jefferson 57, 59 Day, Willard 118 Democratic Party 60 depression (economic) 30, 119 Dickenson, Mrs. H. P. 83; H. P. 83; Dinwiddie, Marshall 83; Mrs. Lucy 83 Dold, Jesse 92 Donaghe farm 52 Douglas, Stephen A. 48 drovers 63 Drumheller, Charles 20 Dudley, Edward T. 30; Emma 30; family 33; Jos. M. 99 Dudley Farm 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 43 DUNLAP, Mrs. Rice 83 Dunsmore Business College 83, 117 DUNSMORE, George W. 83; J. G. 83, 117

E Eagle Bridge, N.Y. 37, 38 Eagon, Sampson 107 Eakle and Bowling grocery 22, 6 Eakle, B. Frank 24, 27, 28, 45, 46; Benjamin Franklin 22, 26, 28; Christian 23, 24, 44; Christian E. 21, 23, 32; family 29, 44; Margaret Jane (Weller) 23, 44 Eakle (C.E.) farm 45 Eakle Dairy Farm 23 Eakleton Hotel 22, 27, 45 EARHART, Miss Nettie 83; Mrs. 83 Early, Bernard 88 Easter, Judith 13 Eastlake 114 ECHARD, J. C. 83 ECKLE, Jacob Ruff 83; Peter 83; W. K. 83 education 6 Eisenhower, Dwight 39

81 Elder, T.C. 113 ELLINGER, David 83 Emancipation 13 Emmanuel Episcopal Church 89 Emmanuel Episcopal Chapel 34, 43 employment opportunities 62 ENGLEMAN, Mrs. John 83; Peter 11 entertainment, 1850s 5 Episcopal rectory 113 Eskridge, William 107; William C. 84 Evangelical Lutheran Church 111 Everett, Edward 6 Ewell, Richard 75

F fairs 33 Fairview Cemetery 35 Falling Spring farm 86 Falls, A. H. Algernon 84; David 84; Hugh H. 84; J. H. Fultz 84; Margaret Leese 84; Marshall R. 84 FARARA, Lana 84 Farrow, Mrs. (McComb) 92 FAUNTLEROY, Archibald Magill 84; Thomas T. 84 Fayette Street 101 Federal style 107 Fillmore, Millard 48 First Baptist Church 117, 119 First Brigade, Army of the Shenandoah 50 First Presbyterian Church 2, 7, 44, 51, 82, 83, 91, 98, 99, 114 Fitz, J. M. 84; J. R. 84; William Willis 84 Fitzgerald, Mrs. Jno. 96 FIX, Jno. H. 85 FLINN, Mrs. Mary 85 FLOYD, Robert 85 Foley, A. J. 85; Mrs. Sarah 85 folkways 61 foodways 63, 66, 68 Forestville 64 Fort Defiance 23 Foster, James J. 85; Mary Moore 85; Rebecca P. 85 Foursquare style 116 Fourth of July 3, 39, 48, 106 Franklin, W. Va. 69 FRAZIER, Addison 85; James A. 97 Frederick Street 44, 51

82 Fredericksburg 50 Free Black Register 12 Free Blacks 10, 12, 14 Frog Pond Road 63 Front Royal 75 Fultz, J. H. 96; Judge 80; Mrs. Fred (Falls) 84; Mrs. Lizzie C. 96 funeral customs 63

G Gaines, F. N. 92 Gallaher, Chas. M. 85; D.C. 85; Hugh L. Sr. 85 Gamble, Robert 106 Garber, Abram 93; Albert G. 85; Jacob 93; Levi 93; Mrs. Mary Jane 85 Gardner, J. S. 81, 82, 85, 88, 92, 94; William 85 Gas House Alley 22 German folkways 66 German Lutherans 7 Gettysburg, Battle of 58 ghosts 30, 33, 71 Gibbs, W.W. 8 Gibson, John A. 45 GILKESON, Mr. 85; Mrs. H. N. 85 GILMAN, William S. 86 Glee Club 48 Glen Home Farm 30, 32, 33 Gochenour-Yount House 15, 34 Gold, Robert 81 Goode, Dr. W. B. 81 Gordon, James 82 Gothic Revival 108, 114, 117 GOUGH, John B. 86 Graham, Dr. John A. 86; Mrs. John A. 86 Grange, The 34 Grant, Julia 55 Grant, Ulysses S. 51, 54; travels 55; views on war 56 grazing lands 62 Greek Revival style 107, 108, 110, 116, 117 Green Hill Cemetery 64 GREEN, S. R. 86 Greenbrier (hotel) 22, 26, 28 Greenbrier County, W.Va. 45 Greene, Nathanael 102 Greene Street 102 Greenville Avenue 17, 18, 22, 44 Greenwood Tunnel 8 Greer, Mr. 35

83 Greever, John D. 86; John Luther 86 Gregory, John 86; Mrs. Sophia 86 Grinstead, Mrs. J. V. 91 grocery business 21, 22, 44, 113 Grove, Christian 106; James Rankin 86; John 106; Mrs. Rebecca 83 Grove homestead 86 Guardian Angel Academy 117 Guigon, Mrs. Judge 90 Gutherie, Hugh 86; Mrs. Elizabeth 86; William 87 Guy, Robert 32, 33 Gypsy Hill Park 33, 48, 52

H Haines, Chas. E. 87; N. W. 87; Robert C. 87 Haldeman, Jacob 87; Jacob A. Sr. 87; Martin A. 87; May 87; T. V. 87 HALK, Wm. H. 87 Hamack, Staton 99 Hamilton, Mrs. John E. 88; Wm. 82 Hamrick (Richard M.) House 118 Hamrick, Minor B. 116; Wm. B. 99 Hanger, John M. 87; Miss Mollie 87; William A. 87 Harlan, George 88 Harnsberger, A.E. 33 HAROUFF, Mrs. Margaret 87 Harris, James M. 87; Samuel 87; W. H. 87 Harrison, George M. 114; Mrs. Geo. M. 89 Hart, Jacob 88; John 111; Mary 88; Mrs. Alex. 90; Mrs. Mary 83; Mrs. Polly 88 harvest time 66 HARVEY, Henry 88 Hatmaker, Brother 74 haying 66 Hebron Presbyterian Church 88, 91, 92, 98. 99 HENDERSON, E. A. 88; Fenton M. 88; Susan 92 Henkle, Jno. M. 96 Highland County 63, 65, 66, 67 Hildebrand, Rufus 73 Hiner, Jefferson 99 Hirsh, Gabriel 93 Historic Staunton Foundation 120 HITE, Miss Susan 88 Hoge, Arista 85; Charles E. 113 Holt, Frank B. 52 Hoosick Falls, N.Y. 17, 37 Hoover, Callie 35; Shuey 35 Hopkins Gap 65

84 HOPKINS, Mrs. Elizabeth W. 88; S. D. 88 Hotchkiss, Jed 111, 114 Houff, Mrs. Frank J. 87 House of Burgesses 102 House of Delegates 113 Hoy, Mrs. Isaac 87 huckleberry picking 65 Huckleberry Train 65 HUDSON, Geo. H. 88; Jas. W. 88; Wm. 88; Wm. A. 88 Huff, Francis 106 Hughes, Moses 92 Hull, Virginia 65 Hullihen, W. Q. 84 Humphreys, Alexander 106 HUMPHRIES, child 89 Hundley’s Mills 93 Hunter, R.M.T. 48 Hunton, Eppa 99 Hurt, Fleming 119 Hutchinson, Henry 116 HYDENREICH, F. O. 89

I Imboden, John D. 50 Indian trail 80 Italianate style 106, 111, 113

J JACKSON, David 89; Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" 50, 54, 57, 75, 111 JAMES, Mrs. Cecilia 89 James River and Kanawha Canal 85 James Robinson & Sons firm 118 Jefferson, G. R. 86, 97; Thomas 105 Jefferson Street 102 JESSER, Mrs. John 89 Johns, James Wood 108 JOHNSON, E. F. 89; Joseph E. 56, 57, 60, 84 Johnston, L. B. 88, 92, 99; Zechariah 102 Jones, A. 99; Bessie 89; Mary 89; Samuel D. 89; Wm. 89 Jordan, J. M. 89; Mary F. 46; Sarah Margaret 89; William 46 JOSEPH, Edward 89 Judge Brockenbrough’s Law School 86

K Kallir, Jane 38 Kalorama House 18, 44

85 Kalorama Alley 44 Keister, Mr. 30 KEMPER, B. F. 89; C. M. 89; Chas. J. 89; F. L. 89; Geo. W. 89 Kenney, William 11 KENT, Jos. F. 89 KERR, Mrs. Green Gay 89; Samuel X. 90 Kilcannon (Kilkenny), John 106, 107 King, William 107 Kingan, Frank 89 KINNEY, Chesley 90; James Bell 90; Mrs. Josephine Wickliff 90; Miss Lizzie 90; Nicholas C. 90 Kirkpatrick, Mrs. Ham 99; Mrs. Thos. 99 Kiwanis Club 52 Know Nothings 3, 4 Knowles, A. 91 Koiner's Store 45 KYLE, Mrs. Margaret Hall 90; Robt. M. 90; Washington 90; Wm. Frank 90

L Lackey, A.M. 90; Frank A. 90; H. M. 90; Mrs. 90; Nathan 90; W.A. 45 Lafayette, Marquis de 101 Lamb, James 120 Lambert Street 35 Larew, J. J. 90; Mrs. Margaret A. 90 Latané, James 111 Laurel Hill Baptist Church 29, 43 Laurel Hill Baptist Church Cemetery 16, 43 Lee, Fitzhugh 60; Robert E. 54, 56, 60, 109 Leese, Jacob 84 Lescure, Waller 120 Levy, Jacob A. 90; Mrs. Martha 90 LIGHTNER, George Roy 90; Madora M. 90; Mrs. A. B. 99; W.T. 90 Lilley, James C. 91; James M. 91; Jas. D 91; John D. 90; Robert D. 90 Locust Grove 50 Louisiana Brigade 76 LOVE, Solomon J. 91 LOVING, Mrs. Mary Ella 91; O. W. 91 LUMPKIN, Miss Lucy A. 91 Lushbaugh, Adams 107, 108, 112; Harman 107; Harmon J. 108; Samuel H. 91; William 107 Lushbaugh Street 102 Lutheran Church 110 Lutherans 7 Lyle, (James Jr.) House 105 Lyle, James 106, 110; James Jr. 105; Julia Smith 110; Margaret 110; Margaret Briscoe 106

86 Lyman, Margaret 33; N.E. 33 Lynch, John 95

M M. E. Church, South 81, 85, 94 Madison, James 102, 107 Madison Place addition 116 Madison Square 116 Madison Street 102 MAHONE, Wm. 91 MANN, Lillie May 91; William A. 91 Maria, slave girl 71 Market Street 44 markets (for huckleberries) 65 Marquis, C.M. 37; Mrs. 38 Martinsville, Virginia 34 Martz, M. 91; Reuben 91 Mary Baldwin College 44 Mason & Co. 98 Mason, C. R. 98 Masonic lodge 109 Massanutten Mountain 75 Mays, A. B. 91; Mrs. Mollie J. 91 McChesney chair 71; family 72; ghost 71; John 71 McClellan, George 58 McClung, Jas. A. 90 McClung’s Mill 85 McComb, Alexander 92; Andrew 92; Fannie 92; James 91, 92; Jas. K. 92; Joseph 92; Reeves 92; Susan 92; William 92 McCue, John 8, 10; John Howard 97 McCullogh, James 106 McDowell, Hugh 106 McFarland, D. K. 88, 98 McGee, Mrs. (Waddell) 99 McKelden, J. C. 96 McMahon, Edward 92; John J. 92; Mrs. Julia 92 McMullen, Mrs. A. J. 97 McNABB, Samuel 92 McPHETERS, A. A. 92 Meek, Robert A. 92 Meeks, Mrs. Susan 92 Menefee, Thomas K. 97 Mennonites 7 merchants 5, 22 Methodist congregation 7, 108 Methodist Episcopal Church 7

87 Methodist Episcopal Church South 81, 94 Michie family 3; Henry 3; Lalla 3; Margaret 3; Thomas 3 Middle River 30, 31, 43 Middle River District 16, 23, 29, 33 military units 50 milk production 30 Millboro Springs 64 Miller, Daniel 93; Joseph Irenaeus 110, 111; Mrs. Rebecca 93; Valentine 106; Willard 62 Misner family 62; Hocum 61 Mission Ridge, Battle of 58 MIX, Paul A. 93 MOFFETT, Mrs. Hannah M. 93; Robt. S. 93 molasses factory 73 Moneymaker, Eli 93; Miss Laura E. 93; James Nelson 93; Richard 102 Montgomery Street 102 Morrison Building 119 Morrison, C.K. 119 Moses, Anna 15, 29, 37; awards 38, 41; children 27, 29; Dorothy 40; family 43; Forrest 27, 37, 43; Hugh 16, 37; Hugh Worthington 34; Loyd 27, 37; paintings 29, 30; Robert 43; Thomas 15; Winona 27, 37, 43 Mossy Creek 62 Mossy Creek Presbyterian Church 81, 94 Mount Airy 15, 33, 35 Mount Nebo 35, 36, 37, 43 Mountain Sax Horn Band 48, 49 Moving Day on the Farm 38 Mozart Hall 112 Mozart Hotel 112, 115 Mozart Institute 112 Mt. Carmel Presbyterian Church 81, 85, 88 Mt. Horeb Church 81 Mt. Tabor Church 83, 87, 94, 98 Murdaugh, A. C. 93; Rev. Dr. 93 Murray, Jas. 90, 92 Murrow, Edward R. 39 musical history 48 musicians 75 mutton broth 63 Myers, Maxie 35

N Napoleon III 55 Nelson, A. L. 94; James 93; Mrs. (Poyntz) 94; Mrs. Nellie R. 93; Robert 94; Thomas 94; William J. 93; Neriah Church 85

88 Nettleton, E. M. 86 New Hope 24, 32 New Hope Methodist Church 24, 32, 44 New Market 75 New Market Gap 75 New Providence Presbyterian Church 94 New Street 17, 18, 22, 36, 43, 44 New York Herald 54 news bees 69 newspapers 1, 5, 13 Newton, J. W. 94; John 9, 94; Mrs. Amanda T. 94 Newtown 101; decline 119; expansion 115; plat 103; revitalization 121 Newtown Historic District 107, 114, 118, 120 Nichols, Francis 76 Nixon, Richard M. 39 Northern Virginia, Army of 64

O OBAUGH, Annie 94; Cyrus 94; Mrs. Eddie 94 Odd Fellows 108 Old Laurel Hill Road 29 Old Main 109 Old York, a slave 9 Ollvier, W. L. 93 Opera House 52 Opposition Party 3 oral history 61 Ordinance of Secession 50 Orebaugh, James 94; Mrs. Minnie C. 94 Ott family 94; William H. 94

P Page Valley 75 PAINTER, B. B. 94 paintings, by Grandma Moses Palmer, Charles T. 112, 115, 122; Chas. Ernest 94; Chas. T. 94; Mrs. Chas. 92 Palmer House Hotel 115 Palo Alto Gap 63 Paris, Jas. R. 94; Mrs. Jas. McC. 94 Partlow, Benjamin 116; Fannie 116 Pastures District 17, 44 Patrick, Eleanor 120 Peabody Education Fund for the South 96 PEACO, Lewis W. 95 Pearson, W. F. 91 Peck, Henry H. 95; Wm. H. 95

89 Pegram, John 91 Pendleton County, W.Va. 63, 69 Petrie, Geo. L. 99 Peyton, John Howe 98, 107; John Lewis 112; Lawrence W.H. 115 Phelps, Joshua 111 Phillips, Richard H. 109, 112, 116 Pierce, Franklin 48 pigs’ feet jelly 68 Pilson farm 24 Pilson’s burying ground 81 Pines Chapel 80 Plumere, Wm. B. 93 Pocahontas County, W.Va. 62 Points, Jas. 94 potato chip business 36 Powell, E. T. 95; J.H. 28; Mrs. Lee 95; William H. 45 Poyntz, Leonidas 94 Pratt, William A. 112 preachers, traveling 73 Prebble, Charles 25, 30; Mattie 25, 30 Presbyterians 7 Presidential Inaugural Parades 52 Preston, John A. 82, 86, 87, 88 Prettyman, Rev. 99 produce sales 25 professionals 5 Propes, David 95; Mrs. Rebecca 95 public schools 113 Purina Laying Mash 70

Q Quakers 72 Queen Anne style 106, 112, 114, 115, 116

R R.R. Smith Center for History and Art 22 Racket Store 33 railroads 16, 17, 25, 30, 37, 51, 65 Raily, F. G. 94 Ralston, Doreen 67 Rappahannock River 50 Reconstruction 77 red ears (corn) 67 Religious Freedom bill 102 Republican Party 59, 60 Reservoir Hill 52, 116

90 REYNOLDS, Miss Susy 95 RHODES, Emanuel 95 Richmond 57 Richmond Female Institute 111 Riddleberger, Elias 95; Mrs. Mary S. 95 Robertson, Alexander 114; Lester 37; Robinson, Charles 118 Rockefeller, Nelson 39 Rockingham County 65, 69 Rodes, David 93; Robert E. 93 Roman (village) 61 Romanesque Revival style 116, 117, 118 Roosevelt, Eleanor 38 Rosen, Mrs. Hatie 95 Ruebush, Hunter 95; Mrs. Frances (Burkholder) 95; Peter 95 Rumisell, Christopher 95 Rush, John H 87 Rushville 69 Ryan, Mrs. B. 97

S salesmanship 70 Sally, a slave 8 Sandy Hollow 36 SANGER, Catherine A. 95; Conrad 95 Sangerville 68 Sax, Antoine Adolphe 48 schools, 6; African-American 113; female 6 Sears & Bowers Insurance Agency 96 Sears, Amelia Lockwood Wiley 95; Barnas 95; Edward H. 95; Elizabeth Greggs Corey 95; Robert D. 96; W. H. 96 SEAWRIGHT, John 96 secession 32 Second Empire style 116 Second Presbyterian Church 114 Settlemeyer, W. H. 83 Seyford (Seiffert), Michael 106 Shackleford, Mrs. Frances B. 13 SHAFER, Mrs. Rebecca 96 Shafter, David 96 Shaver Lane 24 Sheets, Mrs. Fannie 96 Shenandoah Baptist Church 34 Shenandoah County 64, 66 Shenandoah Valley 40 Shenandoah Valley Rural Heritage Foundation 15, 34

91 Shenandoah Valley, South Branch 40 Sheridan, Philip 57 Sherman, William 57 Shingle style 116 SHIRLEY, Mrs. Sarah J. 96 Shott, E. W. 96; Mrs. E. W. 96; Edna L. 96 SHOWALTER, James 96 Shurley, Daniel 96; Miss Nancy 96; Wm. 96 Sinking Creek Valley 45 skunks 79 slave hire 8; sales 9; trade 9; treatment of 9 slavery 8, 9 Smith, Abraham 110; Cornelia F. 96; Doug 22; Geo. A. 96; J. W. Green 96; J.E. 35; John F. 109; L.C. 35; Mrs. Columbia 96; Mrs. Sallie 96; Mrs. W. C. 80; W. A. J. 96 snakes 65 Sneed, Mr. 9 Solomons Church 64 Sons of Temperance 108 Sousa, John Philip 52 South River 23, 45 Southard, Ben 69 SPECK, Jacob 96; Jas. A. 97; T. R. N. 96, 97; Miss Virginia E. 97 Spectator 1, 9, 14 Speece, Conrad 93 Spiggle, Rev. Mr. 98 Spitler and Eakle 37 Spitler and Powell 22, 44 Spitler family 29; Helena 46; Jared Wellington 21, 28, 45; Sarah Frances (Eakle) 21, 28, 45. 46; Spitler, Powell and Co. 28 Spitzer, G.C. 38 SPRAGUE, A. E. 97 Spring Hill 62 Spring Street 22 St. Clair, Alexander 101, 105; Arthur 102 St. Francis Catholic Church 92, 95 St. James Church 100 St. John’s Church 83 St. Louis World's Fair 53 Stack and Powell 44 Stack and Spitler 44 Stack, John J. 95; Thomas 95 Stack, Spitler and Co. 20, 22, 44 Stafford Street 22 State Street 22, 26 Staunton 101

92 Staunton Academy 36, 98 Staunton Artillery 50, 98 Staunton Baptist Female Institute 111 Staunton Choral Gardens Bed and Breakfast 118 Staunton City Courthouse 52 Staunton depot 51 Staunton Development Company 114 Staunton Female Seminary 111, 116 Staunton Grace Covenant Church 117 Staunton Grocery Company 28, 44, 46 Staunton Light Infantry 50 Staunton Masonic Lodge 108 Staunton Perpetual Building and Loan Co. 28, 45 Staunton Quartette 48 Staunton School Board 111 steamship travel 55 STEGER, John O. 97 Stewart, E.W. 114 Stoddard, Maynard 119 Stombock, Belle 97; Martin 97; Mrs. Margaret (Hall) 97 Stonewall Brigade Band 48, 52, 88, 95 Stonewall Jackson Hotel 43 Stonewall Jackson School 113, 119 Stover, Mr. 64; Robertie Lee 65 Stover’s Shop 67 Strasburg 75 Stribling, Erasmus 97; Francis T. 97; Jacob K. 97; John W. 97; Mrs. Harriet 97; Widow 43 Stribling estate 43 Stuart, A. F. 97; Alexander H.H. 28, 105, 111, 113; Archibald 104, 105, 106, 107, 111; Edgar X. 97; Eleanor Briscoe 106; Flora Cooke (Mrs. J.E.B.) 115; Frances 113; J.E.B. 115; Lucy A.M. 32; W.A. 28; William R. 32 Stuart Hall 109, 114, 117 Stuart House 104, 106, 113, 120 Stuart’s Garden 111 SUBLETT, Mrs. Lina McCue 97; Philip B. 111; Walter S. 97 Summerson, Mrs. Richard 85 Sutton, Joshua 46 swanker pie 66 SWARTZEL, John W. 97 Swoope Depot 17, 19, 44 Swoope, Jacob 107 Swoope Merchant Mill 19

T Tapscot, Mrs. James F. 91

93 Tate, Dora Mason 98; James F. 97; Wm. M. 86, 97 TAYLOR, _____ 98; Edwin M. 108 TELFAIR, Elizabeth Trent 98; John Baldwin 98; Susie 98; Wm. B. 98; Wm. B. Jr. 98 Templeton, James A. 90; Mrs. James A. 91; Mrs. Samuel M. 91 THOMPSON, Jas. 98; Smith 106 Thornrose Cemetery 28, 118 Timber Ridge 90 Timberlake, Mr. 82; S. D. 99 Tinkling Spring Presbyterian Church 82, 86, 87, 92 tobacco use 67, 68 tombstones 64 trapping 78 TRAYER, Charles Wilber 98; James P. 98; Lillian 98; Mrs. Jane 98 Trinity Episcopal Church 3, 7, 52, 82, 84, 85, 86, 90, 100, 107, 108, 110 Trotter, Archibald 9 Trout, Mayor 51 truck garden 25, 27 Truman, Harry S. 38 Tudor style 113 Tunkers 7 TURNER, George 98; J. A. 98; Logan 98; Mrs. Logan 95; Wm. M. 98 Turner’s Silver Cornet Band 50

U Union Church 93, 95 Union Hall 48 United Brethren congregation 117 United States Constitution 102

V Valley of the Shadow website 1 vernacular architecture, nineteenth-century 106 Verona (Rolla) 30, 33 Via, Elizabeth 13 Victoria, Queen 34 Victorian Gothic style 114 Vindicator 3, 8, 14 Virginia Convention 50 Virginia Female Institute (now Stuart Hall) 7, 99, 108, 115, 116 Virginia Hotel 17, 18, 43, 44, 80 Virginia Militia 32 Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind 91, 94, 110 Virginia state legislature 32 Virginia Theological Seminary 110 Virginia, University of 105, 112

94

W WADDELL, Charles 98; family 1; Joseph 1; Lyttleton 1, 98; Lyttleton Jr. 2, 98; Miss Sallie 99; Mrs. Jos. A. 97; Nannie L. Montgomery 99; Livingston 99 wagon convoy 67 Waldrop, John 22, 44 Walker, H. C. 93 War of 1812 92 Washington County, N.Y. 37 Washington, George 6, 106 Washington Street 101, 105 Water Street 46, 52 WAYLAND, A. G. 99; E. G. 99; Edward 99; W. H. 99 Waynesboro, incorporation of 32 Wease, Robert 120 Webb, Mrs. (McComb) 92 Wehn (Henry) Farm 35 Wehn, H. 36 Weifford, George 106 Wesleyan Female Institute 6, 109, 111, 116 West Augusta Guard 50 West, Thomas 112 Western Lunatic Asylum (Western State) 82, 84, 86, 88, 93, 97, 105, 110 When, Henry 99; Miss Catherine 99 Whig Party 1 White House 54 White Sulphur Springs, W.Va. 22, 24, 26, 28, 37 WHITE, T. T. 99 Whitescarver, Rev. Mr. 100 Whitesel, Ben 99; Miss Bettie 99 Whitmore, Emmet 99; J. Addison 86; Lewis 99; Martin 99; Nicholas 99; Susan F. 99 Wilderness, Battle of 50 Wiley, Bob 65 WILLIS, C. Brown 100 Willson, Gilpin Jr. 118 Wilson, a slave 10 WILSON, Eva 84, 100; Woodrow 7 Winchester 72 Windswept Road 30 WISE, Wm. H. 100 Wiseman, Kinney 100; Lewis 87; Mrs. (Brown) 100 Witt, Mrs.(McComb) 92 WOMELDORPH, Geo. W. 100 Wood, Mrs. (Waddell) 99 WOODELL, Wm. H. 100 WOODS, W. D. 100

95 Woodson, J. H. 100; Sallie 100; Warren 100 Worthington, Hugh 34 WREN, Anthony D. 100 Wright, Elizabeth McComb 92; Mrs. 92; Sarah Cordelia 7

Y Yancey, William L. 48 Yankee butter 23 YEAGER, Henry 100 Yost, Samuel 116 Young, John Russell 55; Mrs. David S. 89

2006 ACHS Bulletin Index A Abbitt, Watkins F. 4 Adams, Howard H. 7; John 46; Mary Lewis 46; Mrs. John 46 African-American community life 35, 50, 61, 71; genealogy 39; history 43; organizations 63; parks 50, 57 Almond, J. Lindsay Jr. 4, 5, 6, 12; Josephine 13 Anderson Blockhouse 31 Appling, Anita Johnston 59 Arbuckle’s Fort 26 archaeology 15, 23 archival work 36 Ashe, Arthur 72 athletics 62, 64, 72, 76 Augusta County Training School 62 Augusta Military Academy 89, 94 Augusta Street 40, 41 Augusta Street Methodist Church 41, 43

B Bacon, John 21 Baldwin, Robert 9 Becks, Helen 59, 65, 73; James 61, 72 Bell, Smoogie 67 Bemiss, Fitzgerald 7 Beverley Street 41 blockhouses 28 Booker T. Washington Alumni Committee 71, 75 Booker T. Washington High School 69 bowling alley 75 Bowman, Mrs. 54 Boy Scout Troop No. 156 73 Bradshaw, John 18 Breeden, Edward L. Jr. 10, 11

96 Brown Bombers 62 Brown v Board of Education 2, 6, 12 Brown v Board of Education Scholarship Program and 12 Burnside’s Fort 18 Byrd, Harry F. Sr. 3, 4

C Callahan, S. Alice 89; Samuel Benton 89 Carneal, Russell M. 7 Caroline Street 40 Carrico, Melville 2 Carroll, J.S. 60 Carter, Catherine Johnston 59; Curry 8, 11; Stuart B. 9, 11 Catlett, Amy 65; Elizabeth 65 Caul, Gertrude 60 Cedar Green Road 54 Checkerboard Store 61 Cherokee 89, 93 Chris’s Restaurant 47 city directories 39 Civil War 80 Civilian Conservation Corps 80 Clark, George Rogers 15, 17 Clay, Henry 57 Cochran, George M. 1, 8, 10; Peyton 1 Cold Springs Trail 83 Council of War 22 Crawford, Melvin Fitchlee 71; Williner 67, 71, 72 Creek Indians 89 Crouch, David 19, 20 Cumberland Gap 31

D Dalton, Ted 5 Daniel Boone Wilderness Trail 31 Davis, Harry B. 7, 10; Mae Tate 63 Deerfield 83 Deerfield District 85 defensive system 14 desegregation, public schools 2 Detroit expedition 17 documentary editing 37 Doddridge, Joseph 22, 30 Donovan, John A.K. 8 Draper, Lyman 30 Dunmore’s War 15

97

E Ebenezer Baptist Church 41, 44 Education Committee (Virginia House and Senate) 10 education, Native American 90 Edwards, Joseph 23 Eggleston, Chief Justice 6 Elliott Knob 80 Elliott Knob Firetower, construction costs 85; construction of 84; replacement of 84

F Fenwick, Charles R. 8, 9 Finkle’s Furniture 60 fire control policy 82 firetower lookout man 83 Fisher, John R. 79 Fitzpatrick, Earl A. 8 Folly Mills farm 59 Fort Ashby 21, 23 Fort Boonesborough 31 Fort Donnally 28, 30 Fort Edwards 23 Fort Harrod 31 Fort Savannah 30 Fort Vanse (Vass) 22 Fort Vause 24, 25 forts 14; appearance 21, 22, 25, 26, 28; community 18; highway markers for 31; interest in 30; militia built 26; private 19, 23, 28; reconstructed 31; social life at 19; types 18 Frederick Street 73 Freedom of Choice plan 9. 12 French and Indian War 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23 frontier 14; defensive strategy 15, 17; settlement 17, 19, 20, 32

G General Assembly (Virginia) 5, 6, 9, 10 George Washington National Forest 81 Gillilan, James 17 Givens, Irene 60, 67, 74 Godwin, Mills F. 4, 10 Gray Commission 3, 4 Gray, Garland 2, 4, 8 Great North Mountain 80 Green Pastures Park 65 Greenbrier County, W.Va. 26 Greenbrier Valley, W.Va. 17, 19, 28

98 Greenville Avenue 46 Gregory, Kossen 2, 8, 9, 10 Gwinn, Samuel 20 Gypsy Hill Park 54, 57

H Hagood, J.D. 8 Halasz, Jim 76 Hamilton, Alphonso 73; Catherine 74; Maurice 74 Hampshire County, W.Va. 23 Harden, A.E. 60; Sherrie 54 Harlem Play Boys 65 Harmon, Doug 37 Harris, William 90 Harrison, Albertis S. Jr. 5 Harrison v Day 6 Henry, Earl 67 High Knob 87 House Education Committee 10 Hutcheson, Joseph C. 8

J Jackson, Allen 57, 62, 63; Mabel 64; Mooneyne 62, 67 Jemison, T.J. 57, 60 Jim Crow era 2, 50 Johnson, Charles 73 Johnston, Aileen 59; Jack 67; John 59 Jones, Jennifer 76; Kenneth L. 59, 60, 63 Jordan, Eliza 48; Mattie 35, 39, 48

K Kelley, Ernest N. 83, 84 Kennedy, John A. 75 Kilpatrick, James J. 4 Kincaid, Roy 60 Kiowa 89, 93

L Laing, John J. 84 Landreth, S. Floyd 8 Lee County 31 leisure activities 53, 60 Lewis, Andrew 15, 17; John 74 Line of Forts 19 literature, 19th century 89; 20th century 89, 94; Native American 89, 91, 93, 94 local history 36

99 Logan’s Fort 31 Long, M.M. 8

M manifest destiny 32 Mann, C. Harrison Jr. 8 maps, frontier 18 Martin’s Station 31 massive resistance 4, 5, 8, 10, 13 Mays, David J. 2 McCue, Edward O., Jr. 8 McIntosh, Lochlan 15 Methodist Church 90 militias 15; county 16 Mill Mountain Firetower 83 Miller, John 60 Minter, W. Marvin 7 Momaday, N. Scott 89, 93 Montgomery, Ann Lewis 74 Montgomery County 25 Montgomery Hall 57 Montgomery Hall Park 50; anniversary celebration 78; creation of 57; restoration 76 Moore, E. Blackburn 10; Garnett S. 8 Mount Zion Baptist Church 41, 42, 46, 57, 60, 62, 73 Murphy, W. Tayloe 8 Muscogee Indians 90, 92 musical activities 65

N National Historic Lookout Tower Register 88 Native Americans 32, 89; perspectives on 92 Nelson, Fannie 45 Newman, Thelma 56 North River Ranger District 88

O Ohio Valley 20

P Pannell, Bertie 64 Parke, B.B. 47 parks 61; African-American 50, 57 Peck, H.D. 75 pension papers 17 Perrow Commission 2, 7, 9, 10 Perrow, Mosby G. Jr. 7, 8, 9, 12

100 Peyton, John Howe 53, 56, 74 Pittsylvania County 11 Point Pleasant 15, 17 Point Street 48 Pollard, Fred G. 7, 10 Pontiac’s War 15 Porterfield, Robert 75 Prickett’s Fort State Park 31 Prince Edward County 12 public schools 2; closure 12; massive resistance 6

R Records, Spencer 22 Renick’s Fort 17 Revolutionary War 15, 16, 26 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 31 Royalle, Anne 28, 30 Ryder, Rev. 46

S Saunders, Stuart 13 Scott County 31 scouting system 15, 17 segregation 50 Senate Education Committee 11 Shane, Dabney 30 Silcox, Ferdinand, 82 Smith, Vernon 8 Smokey Bear 82 social groups 63 Stanley, Thomas B. 2, 4 State Board of Education (Virginia) 8 State Placement Board of Appeals (Virginia) 8 Staunton 35 Staunton City Courthouse 37 Staunton Paint and Wallpaper 61 Staunton Parks and Recreation Department 69, 76, 77 Stevenson, Jane 20 Stilgoe, John 32 Stuart, A.H.H. 1; Harry C. 8; John 28 Sunnyside Street 41, 48 swimming pool 72 Swope, Michael 17

T Tate, Emijean 73; Oliver 73

101 Taylor, George 60; Rufus 46 Thomas, A.C. 57; Alexander 75 Thomas Fields VFW Post 7814 65 Thomson, James M. 8 timber management 82 Trans-Allegheny region 18 Tuck, William M. 4 Tucker, J. Randolph “Bunny” Jr. 5 Tullidge, Thomas 5 Tygarts Valley 19

U U.S. Forest Service 80, 87

V Vickers, Larry 52, 56, 59, 64, 79 Virginia Constitution 8 Virginia militia 16 Virginia Regiment 15, 16, 21, 25 Virginia State Line Troops 16

W Wallace Peak 83 Waller, C.J. 57 Washington, George 16, 21 Wayland, John 75 Webb, Barbara Ann Johnston 59, 64 Webber, H. Ray 8 Weeks Act 82 Wesleyan Female Institute 89, 91 West Point 93 Wheatley, C. Stuart Jr. 8, 10 Wheeler, Melvin A. 83 Whitehead, Hunt M. 8, 10 Wilderness Trail 31 Willey, Edward E. 8 Williams, Joseph J. Jr. 8 Wilson, Rita 59; Woodrow 5 Withers, Alexander 30 Women’s Christian Temperance Union 91 women's suffrage 91 Woodson, Eicky B. Jr. 53; Eicky B. Sr. 54 writers, Native American 89 Wynema 90, 93

102 2007 ACHS Bulletin Index Symbols 1900 (the year) 117 1900 lifestyle 118

A abolitionists 56, 57 African American, cemetery 100; com-mercial enterprises 95; community 90; farming 100; home ownership 101; laborers 95; proprietors 94; school 99; women 97 African, culture 30; labor 29, 31 Algonquian-speaking people 17 Allen (Joseph Poole) house 8 American Phytopathological Society 46 Angelo (Angela, African) 30 Angola 29 Angolan industry 31 Anthony Street 94, 95, 98, 100, 101 Applegate, Debby 56 archaeology, prehistoric 16 Arts and Crafts Movement 1, 2, 5, 6, 12; artisans 7 Ashland, Va. 37 Asylum Creek 39 B Ballard’s Old School house 78 barrel factory 95 Baxter, Sidney 83 Beckford, Marquis of 4 Bedford County 35 Beecher, Henry Ward 56, 57 Bell (J. A.) and Son’s barrel factory 95 Bennett, Richard 31 Bermuda Hundred 28 Bessie Weller Green Lab 44 Bessie Weller School 39, 53 Bethany-Trinity Lutheran Church 6, 9 Betsy Bell 39, 41, 44, 53 Betsy Bell Park 53 birding, Staunton 39, 41 Birds of Augusta County [Virginia] 50 Blacksburg, Va. 35 blacksmith 23 Blessed Sacrament Roman Catholic Church 9 Bloodroot Woods 53 Board of Public Works 67, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 80, 83, 84 Bodley, Va. 95

103 Bodley Wagon Works 94, 95 Bolen, Addie Jackson 99 Bonsack, Botetourt County 35 Bowling Green, Va. 37 Bowling Green Female Seminary 37 Brawley, James 76 Bridge (The) 100 Britton, Nathaniel Lord 46 Broadway Street 93 Brookes, Edward 21 Brown, James 82; James Jr. 75, 83 Bryan, Edward 79; Matthew 74, 79; William Jennings 104 Bucks County, Pa. 2, 12 Burras, Anne 25 butterfly collection 41 Buttermilk Springs 40, 41, 53 Buttermilk Springs Road 39 Byers family 93 Byrd family 2

C C&O Bridge 98 C&O Railroad 90, 92, 95, 97, 101 Cabbage Spring 53 Cabell, Joe 72 Campbell County 35 Castle Acre 9 Cemetery (The) 53 Cemetery Road 93, 95, 98, 101 Cemetery School 99 cemetery, Uniontown 100, 101 Charles City County 115 Chesapeake Bay 17 chestnut blight 45 Chestnut Woods 53 Christian, John B. 70, 72, 74, 75, 79 Churchville, Va. 107 Civil War 58, 108, 110 Clark, George Rogers 111; Rufus Wheelwright 57, 61 Clay, Henry 56, 115 Clemenceau, President 105 Coalbank Hollow 36 Cochran, George M. 1 Coffee, Edmund 79 Collier, Samuel 26 Collins, Sam 6, 7, 8, 10, 12; T. J. 1, 6

104 Compromise of 1850 55, 56, 62, 66, 113 Confederate Congress 116 conflict, Indians and settlers 19 Connick, Charles J. 2 Cornell University 44, 45 Cotopaxi Furnace 79 Council of State 29 Cover (E. Russell) house 7 Craftsman Style 2 Crapol, Edward P. 114 Crawford (S. A.) Store 95, 97 Crawford Crossing 97, 101 Crawford Crossing Lane 92 Crawford Place 107 Crawford, Saint A. 97 Custis, George Washington Parke 109

D Daisy Dell 39, 53 Dale, Thomas 16, 27, 31 Daniel, John Warwich 38 Davis, Floyd 36 Declaration of Independence 55 Deliverance (ship) 26 Democratic Party 104, 112, 113 diary, William Murrill 40 Dickenson, Philemon 65 Dillard, Annie 50 Discovery (ship) 22 Doake, Robert 72 Dogwood Hill 52 Dooley Mansion 5 Douglas, Stephen A. 56, 111 Doylestown, Pa. 1, 2

E Eastern Shore 31 Edgehill (house) 10 education 36, 37 Elder, Claybrook 39 Elizabeth City, Va. 28 emancipation 56, 59, 63 Emmanuel Episcopal Church Parish House 10 English settlement 20

F

105 Fairfax County 53 Fayette Street 39 Fern Woods 53 Finley, Samuel 70 Forest, Mistress 25; Thomas 25 Fort Keller 107 Fort Sumter 114 Fourteen Points 105, 106 Fugitive Slave Law 56, 61, 63, 64, 113 fungi, study of 44, 45

G Gaines (J. A.) truck farm 93, 95, 96 Gaines (R. H.) store 95 Gaines Crossing 95, 98 Gaines, J. A. 93, 96; Julius Wesley Sr. 91, 92; R. H. 94 Gainesville, Fla. 47 Gates, Thomas 26, 27 Gay, Samuel 72, 78 General Assembly, establishment 29 geology 43 Godspeed (ship) 21, 22 Goodloe (John L.) house 8 Gosnold, Bartholomew 22 Grant, Albert 79 Great Charter 29 Greenville, Va. 68, 70 Grey, Edward 105 Gypsy Hill Park 53

H Hampton St. 52 Hanover Slashes 37 Harrison family 2 Hatter, Jessee 79 Heath, James E. 83 Henkel family 9 Henrico, Va. 28 Henry, Patrick 106 Higgs and Young’s Inc. barrel factory 95 Hight, George 72, 73, 76, 77, 78 Hill, William A. 69, 74 Historic Houses 106 (The) History of Ornithology in Virginia 51 Hodgson, Godfrey 103 Hollins Institute 36

106 House, Edward M. 103, 106 Hubbard, Elbert 2 Huston, James L. 111

I Indian, conflict 31, 107; war of 1622 29; education of 29; horticulture 17; society 17; villages 17 industrialism 2 Internal Improvement Fund 67 Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum 5

J Jackson, Alice 100; Andrew 58, 112; Jewett 100, 101; Thomas 70 Jacobs, John 68, 70 James Fort 23, 25, 27 James I, King 21, 31 James River 27, 29, 31, 68 James River and Kanawha Canal 68 Jamestown founding 21; settlement 23 John Tyler: The Accidental President 114 Johnson, Anthony 31; Mary 31 Johnson Street 39, 52 Johnston, David W. 51 Jones, Charles 70; Sally 97 Jones Street 93

K Kansas 113 Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 113 Kecoughtan (Hampton) 28 Kendall, George 22 Kimbrough, James 51 Kinney (William) house 9 Kivlighan (Michael) house 8 Kongo, Kingdom of 29

L Larner, Yulee 49 Laydon, John 25 League of Nations 105, 106 Lecompton Constitution 113 Lee Chapel 108 Lee, Robert E. 108; career 110; military ability 108; reconciliation 109; secession 110; slavery 109 leisure activities 37 Liberia 58

107 Lily Spring 53 Lincoln, Abraham 111, 113 Lizzie, Merle 100 Luttrell, Edna Lee 44, 53; S.S. 53 Lynchburg, Va. 35 Lynchburg Hotel 5

M Manifest Destiny 112 market access 68 Marshall, Paul 94, 95 Martin, John 22; Richard 22 Martin’s Brandon 22 Mason family 2 Massie, Sr., Thomas 68, 70 Massie, Thomas Sr 68, 70, 72, 74, 83; Thomas Jr. 70; William 68, 70, 71, 72, 74, 80, 81, 84 Massie’s Mill 67, 68, 70, 72, 84 Mayburry, Thomas 77 Mayburry’s Furnace 77 McCormick, Cyrus 70, 79; Robert 70, 72, 76, 77, 79, 82 Mehner, John F. 50 Mercer, Henry Chapman 1, 2, 4, 12; personal house 4 Mercer tiles 5; location of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14; subject matter 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 Methodist Church 38 Middle River 106 Mill Grove 68, 84 Mission Style furniture 2 Missouri Compromise of 1820 55 Moffett, George 107 Montebello, Va. 67 Montgomery Hall Park 39, 44, 53 Moore’s Furnace 69 Moran, Nathaniel 84; William 78 Moravian Church 3 Moravian Pottery and Tile Works 1, 2, 5, 12 Mornings Like This, Found Poems 50 Mount Pleasant (house) 106, 107 Murrill family 34, 54 Murrill, music Murrill, William Alphonso 34-54 Mushroom Man 45 mushroom study 45

108 Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming 51 mycology 45

N National Avenue 93, 95 National Cemetery 90, 93, 100 Native Cultures 16 natural areas, Staunton 39, 52 Natural History of Staunton, Virginia 39, 48, 49, 50 Ndongo, Kingdom of 29 Nelson County 67, 72 Nelson County tollhouse 76, 84 New Hope Road 98 New York Botanical Garden 45 New York City 45 Newport, Christopher 21, 25 Norris, Wesley 109 North Street 93 Nutt, Joe 106

O Opechancanough (Indian) 18, 19, 31 Opie (General E. Walton) house 8

P Page, Thomas Nelson 37 Pamunkey tribe 18 Park (The) 53 Park Woods 53 Patience (ship) 26 Patton Street 93 Peck’s Spring 53 Peck’s Woods 39, 53 Peirce, William 31 Percy, George 27 Perrow, Charles 83 Piedmont 31 Pilgrim at Tinker Creek 48 Plunkettsville 53 Pocahontas 19, 28, 29 Poindexter, Margaret Turner 96 Point Comfort 27 popular sovereignty 113 Porter, John 78 Portuguese 30 Potomac River 28

109 Powell, Maud 38 Powhatan (Indian) 18, 19, 28 Powhatan Indians 17, 18, 19, 31; village 17, 19; warriors 28 Prairie School buildings 2 prehistory, Virginia 16 presidential succession 115 Pryor, Elizabeth Brown 108

R Raleigh, Walter 21 Randolph-Macon College 36 Ratcliffe, John 22 Reading the Man: A portrait of Robert E. Lee 108 Reid, Samuel McDowell 81 Republican Party 111, 113 Resting Spring 53 Rhodes, Mr. 100 Richmond 37 Richmond Road 93, 95 Rives, Delegate 71 road improvements 68 Robert E. Lee High School 108 Rockbridge County 67 Rockbridge toll house 77, 78 Rockfish Gap 68 Rolfe, John 26, 27, 28; Thomas 28 Rookwood Pottery 2 Roosevelt, Franklin 105; Theodore 105 Rose, David 51 Rose Mills 84 Rowe, Edgar Henly 37; Norman P. 39 royal colony, establishment 31 Roycroft Guild 2 rural Virginia in 1900 117

S Sandy Ridge 78 Savage, Thomas 26 schools, African American 99 Sea Venture (shipP 26 Sears Hill 52 secession 55 See you in a hundred years: Four seasons 117 settlement, expansion 28, 31 settlers, African 29; ethnic diversity 25; Jamestown 23; women 25, 29 Shenstone (house) 8

110 Sherwood Forest (house) 116 ships, at Jamestown 21 Shultz, Adam 78 Sink’s Gap 68 slavery 31, 55, 58; Biblical argument 60, 63; Christian debate 57; Constitutional argument 57, 60, 63; debates about 113; expansion of 116; justification 56; moral argument 61 Smarts family 93 Smith, John 18, 19, 21, 22, 23; McKeldon 39 Spelman, Henry 26 St. Louis World’s Fair 3 Star Woods 53 State Lime Plant 98, 101 Staunton, Va. 38; natural history 39 Staunton City Courts Building 11 Staunton, natural areas 52 Staunton Spectator 58, 64 Staunton Vindicator 111 Steele (Captain W. H.) house 8 Steele, David 69, 70; John 70, 72, 74, 76, 77, 82; John Jr., 70, 75 Steeles Tavern 67, 74 Stephen A. Douglas and the Dilemmas of Democratic 111 Stewart, Dewey Huffman 91, 92 Stickley furniture 2 stoveplate designs 3 Strachey, William 19, 26 Straith Street 53 Stuart, Moses 57, 58, 60 Summersom Row 90, 92, 95 Susan Constant (ship) 21 Swannanoa (house) 5 Swoope, Va. 118

T Tate, James 76; William 72, 78; William M. 77; James T. 72 taxonomy 46 Temple House of Israel 6 Texas, annexation 115; politics 104 Thomas, Theodore 38 Thornrose Cemetery 53 Tiffany windows 2 tile making 3 Tin Can Tourist Camp 47 Tintern Abbey design 7 tobacco cultivation 27, 29

111 Torrey Botanical Club 45 trades, at Jamestown 24 transportation 97 Tree Streets, Waynesboro 2 Trinity Episcopal Church 2 turnpike, employees 72; funding 73; repairs 76, 78, 79; tolls 76, 79, 89 Tye River 68, 69 Tye River and Blue Ridge Turnpike 67-89; map 69 Tye River Gap 67 Tye River Navigation Company 70 Tye River Turnpike Law 67, 71, 71, 76, 79 Tyler, John 114, 116; political career 115 Tyro, Va. 67

U U.S. Constitution 55 Union Church 101 Union, preservation of 55 Unionism 58, 64, 112 Uniontown, Va. 90; cemetery 101; maps 91, 92; schoolhouse 99 University of Florida 47

V Versailles 103 Verulam Academy 104 Vesuvius, Va. 67, 69 Vesuvius Furnace 74, 77, 79 Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College 35 Virginia Company 21, 26, 29, 31 Virginia General Assembly 74 Virginia Peace Convention 116 Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind 53

W Wahunsonacock (Indian) 18 Ward, Logan 117 Waynesboro Pike 90, 92, 95, 98, 100 Weber, George 47 Webster, Daniel 56, 58, 60, 65, 115 Webster-Ashburton Treaty 115 well, community 96 Werowocomoco (Indian village) 19 Wesleyan Female Institute 38, 39, 52 West, Thomas (Third Baron de la Warr) 26, 27 Western State Hospital 100

112 Whig Party 115 White’s Gap, Va. 68 Wilson, Edith 103 Wilson, Woodrow 103 Wingfield, Edward Maria 21 winter of 1609-10 27 Woods, Leonard 59 Woodward, Bennie Stewart 100 Wright, Frank Lloyd 2

Y Yeardley, George 29 York River 19 Young Men’s Missionary Society 3 Young Street 93, 98

2008 ACHS Bulletin Index Symbols 1793 Patent Law 60 1856 presidential election 22

A Narrative of the Leading Incidents 32 abolitionist agitation 23 Ackerman, Kenneth 151 Adams, Abigail 128; John Quincy 141 African-Americans 10, 28, 144 Afton Mountain 90 Age of Revolution 13 Agricultural Societies, Albemarle 48, 76; Loudoun County 47; Prince George's County, Md. 46; Rockbridge 76; (of the) Valley 47; Virginia State 75 Albemarle County 48, 98, 123 Albemarle pippins (apples) 98 Alexander, Bradley and Dunning 74 (Czar) Alexander I 59 Alexandria 27, 45, 50, 55 Allen, A.B. 74 American Agriculturist 65, 75, 81 American Farmer 46, 48, 49, 55, 75 American Party 21, 22 American Revolution 13, 17, 118 “American System,” 19, 20 American Whiggery 16 Ames, Adelbert 136 Amherst County Circuit Court 111 Amish 119

113 Amsterdam (Va.) 51 Anabaptist movement 119 Ancaster, Ontario 81 animals, draft 43 Anthony, David 80 Antietam, Battle of 106 apples 85-104, acreage 91; industry 85, 86; trees 85; yields 98 Arbuthnot, John 42 Atkinson, George W. 148 Auburn, Fauquier County 73 Augusta County 16, 18, 25, 74, 85, 86, 94, 97, 119, 122, 124, 127 Augusta Co. Board of Supervisors 85 Augusta County Circuit Court 39 Augusta County Historical Society 15, 36, 105 Augusta County jail 40, 41, 122 Augusta Parish Church 36, 131 Augusta Parish vestry 123 Aurora, N.Y. 60 Avery, Benjamin 63, 65; Benjamin F. 60, 61, 65, 79; Daniel 66; Daniel H. 66; George 62; Sidney 62; Sidney S. 79; Susan 66, 82 Avery v. Tarwaters 82 (Benjamin F.) Avery v. Peppe 81 Avery (B.F.) & Sons 73, 84 Avery’s Cast Plows 67 Avis, John 147

B Bahamas 25 Bailey, Jim 39 (Thomas) Balch Library 77 Baldwin, Frances 17; John B. 26, 28, 30, 34; John Brown 124; Mary Julia 36 Balthope, John 44 Baltimore 55 Bankhead, Charles Lewis 133 Barlow, Gordon 131 Barnaby & Mooers 81 Barnard, Theodore 79 Barnett, Ambrose 55, 57, 77 Bastille 5 Batavia, N.Y. 81 Baylor, George 25, 81 Becker, Carl 13 Bedall, W.C. 91; C.W. 90 Bedford County 30, 118 beef cattle industry 91, 93

114 Bell, Alexander Graham 107; H. J. 109; J.H. 111; John 24, 127 Belmont County, Ohio 73 Ben Davis (apples) 103 Benjamin, Judah P. 25 Bentley, Cyrus 78, 80 Berry’s Ferry 50 Betts, Edwin M. 75; Edwin Morris 79 Beverley Manor High School 99 Beverley Manor Orchard 89, 97 Beverley, William 122 Binet-Simon Test 112 Bingham, Anne Willing 5 biracial conventions 27 Black, Edwin 115, 117 black twig (apples) 103 Blackford, Benjamin 45, 50, 56, 77 Blakemore Photography of Staunton 40 Bloody Shirt: Terror after Appomattox 134 Bolling, John 8 Booth, John Wilkes 146 Botetourt County 50, 56 Boyd, Julian 9 Boyd-Bragg, Dorothy A. 140 Bradley, Sarah 67 Bradley, Schuyler 61, 63, 64, 66, 70, 74, 80, 83 “Breadbasket of the Confederacy,” 26 breaking plow 42 Breathard, J. 44 Breckinridge, John C. 24 Brethren, Church of the 119 Brice, Marshall Moore 34 Brier, John 76 Broadway, Va. 121 Brocato, Amanda D. 105 Brock, Robert Alonzo 35 Bromberg, Alan B. 35 Brooklyn Bridge 152 Brown, Briscoe 126; John 23, 34, 148 Brownlow, W.G. 34 Bruce, James C. 79 Brundage, Gilbert 60 Brunt, Liam 74 (M.) Bryan and Co. 68 Bryan and Bradley 68 Bryan, Charles F. 83; Edward 61, 79; Matthew 50, 61, 64, 66, 67,

115 70, 79, 82 Bryan v. Matthews 82 (Margaret Jane) Bryan v. Bryan’s Administrator 83 (Matthew) Bryan’s Administrator v. Matthew Bryan’s Heirs 82 Buchanan, James 22 Buck, Carrie 108, 111, 114; Emma 111 Buck v. Bell 105, 114 Budiansky, Stephen 135 Buffalo Gap Orchard 90 Burstein, Andrew 3 Burton, Orville Vernon 144 Burwell, George 55, 76, 77; Rebecca 5, 13, 128 Bush, George H. 141 Byrd, Harry F. 31

C Cabell, Joseph C. 49, 76 Calhoun, John C. 48 California 113 Calvert, Jane 122; John 122; Rebecca 122 Cameron, William 31 Campbell, Ambrose 77 Campbell family 103 Canada 25, 146 Canby, E. R. S. 29 Carnegie Institution of Washington 112 Caroline County 43 Cartmill & Wood 52, 56, 76, 77 Cartmill, James 51, 77 Carysbrook 48 Cash, Jno. 84 cast iron plow 42, 43 Catoctin Furnace 50 cattle drives 140 Cayuga County, New York 60, 61, 64 Cedar Creek, Battle of 145 Cedar Rust Law 94, 95 cedar tree eradication 94 cedar-apple rust 88, 93 Charles Town, W.Va. 147 Charles v. Carrington 109 Charleston, S.C. 124 Charlottesville 36, 103 Chicago 74 Chiles, Henry 99 cider mill 90

116 Civil War 25, 29, 127, 137, 141, 144 Clarke, Larry 91; Paul 89, 96, 99 Clarksville, Va. 61, 62 Clay, Henry 15, 18, 19, 142 Clinton, Bill 141 Cloverdale Furnace 50, 51 Cochran, George M. 1 Cocke, John Hartwell 48 Cold Spring Harbor 107 Cold Springs Road 101 cold storage 90, 94 Collins, T.J. 131 Columbia University 108 Commercial Compiler 76 Commissioner of Patents of Virginia 75 Commissioner of the Confederate States 25 Committee of Nine 29, 30, 31, 32, 35 Committee on Roads and Internal Navigation 19 Commonwealth’s Attorney of Va. 150 Compton and Taylor 66 Condorcet, Marquis de 9, 14, 129 Confederate States of America 25, 27, 127; cavalry 23; Congress 127; dead 139; soldiers 28; states 27 Connecticut River 59 Conservative Movement 27, 29, 31 Constitutional Unionists 24, 127 Contemporary Longrifle Association 132 Cooper, Thomas P. 100 Corcoran, William W. 31, 35 Cornell 108 Cornell, Ezra 81 Corps of Cadets 25 Cosway, Maria Hadfield 7, 13, 128 Cotopaxi Furnace 58, 61, 80 coulter 43 Couper, William 34 Covert, Ed 119 crab apples 103 Craig, John 123 Crawford, Alan Pell 133; Benjamin 78 Crozet 89 Crump & Co. Foundry 50, 57, 76 Crumpacker, John 99 Cuff Brace and Gauge Plough 72 Culbertson, Charles 36, 37, 40, 41, 129; William Charles 36

117 “cult of domesticity” 14 Cummins, Samuel 80

D Dabney, Virginius 27, 33 Daily News Leader 129 Dangerfield, W.A. 46 Danville 30 Danville Reporter 62 Daugherty, Harry 151 Davidson, Melissa 100 Davis, Gideon 46, 47, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 73, 75, 77; Jefferson 25; Rodney 73, 77, 84; W.W. 78 Davis plough 51 Davis v. Palmer 76 Davis v. Palmer and McCormick 78 Dayton, Va. 120 Deakyne, John 76 Declaration of Independence 4, 9 defoliation 93 DeJarnette, Chertsey 107; Dorothy H. 107; Elliot Hawes 106; Evelyn 106; H. E. 106; Joseph Spencer 105, 106, 107, 114, 115; DeJarnette State Sanatorium 107, 113 Delano, Howard, 65, 81 Democratic Party 19, 22, 24, 29 Detamore, Charlie 114 Dixson, John 62 Donald, Eliza 83; William A. 71, 83 Douglas, Chandler 100; Stephen A. 24 draft animals 43 Draper’s Meadow 123 Dunkers 121 DuPont plant 97 Durkee, Willard 81

E Eagle, William 114 Early, Jubal 145 East Avon, N.Y. 64 Eastern Mennonite University 121 Eckenrode, Hamilton J. 15, 33 Edinburgh, Scotland 123 Emery, Horace L. 42 English common law 11 Enlightenment 9, 13 Enquirer 23

118 Eppes, John Wayles 8 eugenics movement 105, 107, 112

F Farmers Register 75, 78 Fauquier County 44, 45, 50 Fauquier County Superior Court 54 Faust, Drew Gilpin 137 female education 9 Fickley, J.B. 77 Fillmore, Millard 15, 21, 22, 34 Fincastle 51 Fischel, W.A 100 Fish, Hamilton 31 Fisher, Irving 108 Fitzhugh, Henry 75 Flippin, Bill 99 Following the Tradition 132 Fort Pickens 126 Fort Sumter 24, 124 Fourteenth Amendment 27, 135 Fox Hill Orchard 90 Franklin County 118 Frederick County 50, 55, 85, 94 Fredericksburg 30, 50, 57 Fredericksburg (Virginia) Agricultural Society Fair 48 Frederickson, Fred 97 Free Fighters 74 free public school system 28 Freeborn, Thomas 59 Freeborn, Wood, and Dagon ploughs 76 Freeman, Douglas Southall 35 French and Indian War 131 Fromme, F.D. 94, 100 frost 88 Fuller, K. 100 Funder-Readjuster controversy 35 fungicides 93 furnaces, Catoctin 50; Isabella 45, 51, 56, 58; Jordan & Irvine 50, 55, 56, 57, 76, 77; Jordan’s Foundry 72; Vesuvius 58, 61, 64, 66, 68, 79, 84

G Gaines, William H., Jr. 34 Gallatin, Albert 10; Nicholson 10 gallows 41 Gass, Patrick 147

119 Gatewood, Andrew L.C. 83; Eugenia Sophia 83 Genessee Farmer 74 Genius of Liberty 75 Georgetown, Va. 46 Georgia 20 German prisoners 97 Gibson, James 61, 63 Gilpin, Bernard 47 Glass, Carter 31 golden delicious (apples) 103 "(a) good death" 138 Goose Creek, Loudoun County 73 Goshen College 121 grading and packing facilities 86 Grant, Ulysses S. 29, 30, 121 Gray, Lewis Cecil 75 Great Wagon Road 119 Greeley, Horace 29 Greenville, Va. 39 Greenville Avenue 106 Greenville Avenue underpass 94 Grimes golden (apples) 103 Groves, A. B. 100 Grubbs’ Hill 102 Gunn, George 78

H Hackenbracht, Ken 99 Hagen, John 80 Hailey, Bessie 104; Bessie Brydge 101, 103; Joe 101, 102, 103, 104; John 90, 96, 99; Vera 86, 101 Halifax County 30 Halifax County Court 80 Hall, Edward 76; N.K. 79 Hall v. McCormick 78 Hamrick Archival Intern 105 Hanover County 72 Harding, Kevin 100; Warren G. 151 Hardy County 56 Harmon, Jake 151 Harper’s Ferry 23 Harris, John B. 78; Scott H. 15 Harrison, Benjamin 15; George 69 Harrisonburg, Va. 121 Harvard University 108, 137 Haw, John 72

120 Heatwole, John 120, 140 Hemings, Sally 2, 7, 13, 128, 134 Hendricks, Miriam Joan Kinkead 121 Henry, Patrick 37; William Wirt 35 hexing of cattle 140 Hickey, Ken 99 Hildebrand, John R. 124 Hill, F.H. 69, 83 Hill Side Plough 58 Hippel, Theodor Gottlieb von 9 Hobson, Charles F. 77; John 122 Hodgkin’s disease 111 Hoffa, Jimmy 37 Hoge, Arista 130 Holloway, Pippa 115, 117 Holt, Michael F. 34 Holtzman, George 54 Home Rule 13 Hopkins, Chertsey 106 Horsburgh, Robert 99 Horseshoe Circle 101 Hote, Virginia 36 Howard, Abram 77 Hume, David 4; Richard L. 35 Humphries family 74 Humphries, William S. 74 Hunt, Bob 99 Hunter, Robert M. T. 16 Hutchinson, William T. 58

I ice storm 104 imperial (apples) 103 In Their Footsteps 147 influenza 33 internal improvements 19 International Harvester 74 Interstates I-81 and I-64 98 Irby, Richard 82 Irish Creek 72 Isabella Furnace 45, 51, 56, 58

J Jackson, Andrew 142, 144; Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" 147 Jacobite Rebellion 123 Jarman’s Gap 90

121 Jefferson, Martha (Wayles) 13, 128; Martha (daughter) 7, 8; Mary (sister of TJ) 8; Thomas 1, 12, 17, 28, 43, 48, 59, 74, 128, 132 Thomas Jefferson, papers 9 “Jim Crow” 135 John Deere Co. 81 (The) John Hopkins University Press 118 Johnson, Chapman 52; Rody 147 Johnston, Andrew 27; James F. 30 Jones, J.B. 69, 83 Jordan & Irvine furnace 50, 55, 56, 57, 76, 77 Jordan, Winthrop 3, 6 Jordan’s Foundry 72

K Kant, Immanuel 9, 11 Kellar, Herbert A. 61, 78 Kemper, James Lawson 31; William 51, 54 Kenedy, John 41; John W. 39, 40 Kennedy, John F. 37 Kentucky longrifles 132 Kincaid, Samuel 123 Kinkead (Kincaid) family 121 Kinkead, Burroughs 122; David 122; George 123; Hobson 123; James 123; Joseph 122; Robert 123 Kirkpatrick, Sarah. 84 Kline, John 121 Knights of the Golden Circle 25 Know-Nothing Party 21, 27 Koiner, George W. 100 Ku Klux Klan 135 Kukla, Jon 1, 128 Kushma, John J. 34 Kyle, Robert P. 42

L labor pool 97 Lafayette, Marquis de 49, 133 Lake Tams 131 Laughlin, Harry 105, 112, 115, 117 Lazenby, R. 100 Leach and Avery 67 Lee, Robert E. 16, 18, 23, 28 Leesburg 50 LeHand, Missy 152 Lehman, James 121; James O. 119

122 Letcher, John 25, 28, 34 Lewis and Clark 147 Lewis, C.C. 148; John 147; John D. 148 Lexington Gazette 64, 65, 81 Leyburn and Gatewood, executors, v. Bradley 80 Leyburn Library 58, 64, 65 Lincoln, Abraham 17, 24, 34, 124, 144 Lincoln, Age of 144 Livingston County, N.Y. 64 Livingston County Plow 64, 65, 69, 70, 72, 81 Locke, John 4, 11 London export market 98 Long, Alexander 37 Longstreet, James 135 Look, Susan 66 Loudoun County 50 Louisa County 48 Louisiana Territory 10 Louisville, Ky. 66, 73 Lowe, Richard G. 35 Lupton, John 44 Luther, Martin 119 Lyle, Hugh F. 74 Lynchburg 30, 49 Lynchburg Colony 111 Lynchburg Foundry Company 74 Lynchburg Plow Company 74 Lynchburg Virginian 81

M MacMaster, Richard K. 88, 100 Maddex, Jack P., Jr. 30, 35; John 49 Madison County 69 Madison, James 44, 48, 133 Mahone, William 16, 29, 31 maiden blush (apples) 103 Maizlish, Stephen E. 34 Malone, Dumas 5 market competition 97 Marshall, John 52, 53, 60, 77; R. E. 100; Thomas 76 Marshall Place 102 Martin, Ann Smart 118 Mary Baldwin College 105, 118 Marye, John L., Jr. 30

123 Maryland Agricultural Society Exhibition 47 Maryland Cattle Show 47 Massie, William 78 Massie’s Mill 74 Matthews v. McCormick 82 Maurer, Charles 61, 80 May, Harrison 150 Mayburry, Thomas 67, 79, 84 McCartney, Laton 151 McClelland, Peter D. 74 McCormick, Agnes E. 83; Cyrus 58, 61, 67, 73, 78, 83; Cyrus Hall 58; Jos. 84; Leander 59; Leander James 75; Stephen 45, 46, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57, 58, 66, 72, 73, 75, 76, 79; Thomas 80 McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. 74 McCormick Library 59, 61 McCormick plow 49 McCormick v. Barnett 77 McCormick v. Blackford 77 McCormick v. Bradley 80 McCormick v. Brier 78 McCormick v. Crump & Co. 78 McCormick’s Hill Side Plough 58 McCown, John 61, 63, 80 McDaniel, John 75, 78 McDowell, James 19 M’Cormick Plough 70 M’Cormick, Stephen 50 McPherson, Isaac 75 McWane, Charles P. 74, 84; Henry E. 74; James 74 Meadville foundry 62 Meadville, Halifax County 61 Mecklenburg County 61 Mecklenburg County Circuit Court 80 Meigs, John 120 Mennonites 119 Merrick, Thomas 42 Merrill, Margaret 100 Métraux, Daniel A. 118, 150 Metropolitan Museum of Art 152 Mexican War 143 Middleburg 49 Military District Number One 27 Miller, Caspar Otto 96 Miller v. Schoene 96

124 Minneapolis Moline 73 Minor, Peter 48, 76 Mint Spring 90 Mississippi 19 Moffett, George 37 moldboards 42, 53, 56 Monroe, James 133, 141 Montague, Governor 41; John 80 Montgomery County 24, 113 Monticello 1, 17, 132 Montreal 146 Moore, James Tice 35; Samuel McDowell 70 Morehead, Clyde 101 Morgan, Albert T. 136; Jedediah 78 Morse, Samuel F.B. 81 Mr. Jefferson’s Women 1, 12 Mt. Horeb Presbyterian Church 36 Mt. Jackson 97, 98 Mt. Pleasant 37 Mullins Lane 101

N National Agricultural Service 100 National Cemetery 137 National Fruit 98 National Intelligencer 44, 76 Nazi Germany 112 Neeson, James 30 Neff, John 90 Nelson County 49, 74, 98 Nelson, John 79 New Hope, Va. 36 New Jersey 43 New Market, Battle of 25, 34 New Orleans Historic Collection 1 New York City 59 New York State Agricultural Society 46 New York State Museum 64 New York Tribune 29 Newbold, Charles 43 newspapermen 29 Newton, John 80; Willoughby 75 Nichols, William F. 69 Nobel Peace Prize 141 Nolt, Steven 121; Steven M. 119 Norfolk and Western 39

125 Notes on the State of Virginia 4

O Ohio Valley 119 Onandaga County, N.Y. 64 Oneida County, N.Y. 65 Ontario County, N.Y. 65 orchard foreman 104 orchard profitability 104 ordinance of secession 25 ornamental cedars 96 Owen, L. W. 30

P Page County 45, 56 Palmer, William 50, 52, 56, 75, 77 Parson, Samuel P. 76 Patent Law of 1790 44 Patent Law of 1793 75 patent legislation 44 Patent Office 44 patent system 44 Patrick, Matthew 78 Patton, James 122; William 80 Pattonsburg (Buchanan) 50, 51 Payne brothers 90 Peabody Education Fund 31 Peabody, George 31 peach crop 90 Peacock and Smith 59 Peacock, David 43 Peale, Charles Willson 43, 75 Pearson, Charles C. 35 Pendleton, Edmund 9 Penn, William 119 Perkins, Louise M. 84 Persico, Joseph E. 152 Peterson, Merrill D. 75; William 78 Peyton, Bernard 50 Phi Beta Kappa 17 Piedmont 86 Pierce, Franklin 21 Pierpont, Francis Harrison 27, 35 pig iron 68 Pinckney, Charles 44 Pittsburgh, Pa. 101

126 plow, brace 72, breaking 42; Quaker 49, Rotterdam 42; shovel 42 Portals to Shenandoah Valley Folkways 140 poultry 93 Preston, William Ballard 24 Priddy, Albert 108 Prince, Cathryn 145 Prince George’s County 46 pro-Union counties 27 Progressive Movement 105, 107, 113 Pulaski 101

Q Quaker plough 49 Queen City 129 Quillen, Max 99; Ray 99

R Rachel, a Negro woman 63 Racial Integrity Act 105 Radical Republicans 27 Radicals 28 railroads 19 Raleigh Tavern 6 Ramey, Elijah 75, 76 Randall, William 7 Randolph, George Wythe 24; Jeff 133 Rappahannock County 69, 98 ratifying convention 17 Readjuster movement 31 readmission to the Union 28, 30 Reconstruction 16, 30, 31, 32, 144 Reconstruction Act 27 red delicious (apples) 103 Red Hill–The Patrick Henry National Memorial 1 refrigerated transportation 87 Reid, Harold 99; Samuel McDowell 71, 83 Reign of Terror 14 “republican motherhood” 14 republican mothers 10 Republican Party 20, 22, 24, 29,135 Republican Vindicator 78 Restored General Assembly 27 Restored Government of Virginia 27 Revolutionary Backlash: Women and Politics 14 Richmond 25, 27, 29, 50 Richmond, Caleb 61, 62

127 Richmond Road 94 Richmond Whig 34 Riddleberger, Harrison Holt 31 Ridgeway, Albemarle Co. 48 Rivardi, Maria 10 Rivercomb, Jacob 72, 78 Rivers, Prince R. 135 Rives, William Cabell 31 Robertson, Alexander F. 33; Raymond C. 150; Wyndham 29, 30 Robinson, John, 122 Rockbridge Agricultural Society 76 Rockbridge County 19, 58, 61, 85 Rockbridge County fair 49 Rockbridge Foundry Machine Works 72 Rockingham County 85, 119 Roosevelt, Eleanor 152; Sarah 152 Rosecrans, William 29 Rotherdam plow 42 Rousseau , Jean Jacques 12 Royal Central Agricultural Society of France 49 Royall, Anne 37 Ruedy, Ralph H. 121 Ruffin, Frank 35 Ruley, Angela 83, 84 Rush, Benjamin 13 Rutherford, Lucy 152

S S. Bradley & Co. 71 Saunders, Paul 99 Schmidt, Gustavus H. 77 Schneiderhan, F. J. 100 Schofield, John 27 Scipio, Cayuga County, N.Y. 59 Scott, Winfield 21 Sears & Roebuck pre-fabricated house 101 secession convention 30 Senate Committee on Patents 57 Senate of Virginia 23 Seneca Falls 12 Seward, William 125 sexism 108 Shanks, Henry T. 34 Shaw, Lorenzo 71 Shenandoah County 39, 89, 96 Shenandoah Valley 19, 26, 119, 146

128 Sheridan, Philip 145; William T. 120 Sherwood Avenue 107 shovel plow 42 Shuffelton, Frank 3 Shultz, E.M. 104 Silverman, Catherine S. 35 Simons, Menno 119 Simpson, Craig 23; Craig M. 34 Sinclair & Moore 55 Skelton, Martha Wayles 7 Slaughter, John F. 30, 35 slavery 2, 10, 15, 21, 27 Small, James 42 Smith, James Douglas 35; Robert 78; William “Extra Billy” 29 Sneden, Robert Knox 73 Snyder, John 36 social reformers 105 Soldiers Home, Richmond 106 Sorrells, Nancy T. 140 South River 61, 66, 123 South Valley region 86 Southern Planter 69, 82 Southern Planter and Farmer 75 Spencer, Thomas 50, 54 Spotsylvania County 106 spring frosts 88 St. Albans, Vt. 145 Stanley, K.W. 115 Stanton, Lucia 75 Starke, Patrick Henry 72 Starke’s Dixie Plow 72 Statler Brothers 99 Statute for Religious Freedom 1 Staunton 16, 18, 26, 36, 90, 94, 99, 106, 126, 131, 137, 147 Staunton Academy 17 Staunton Leader 37, 38 Staunton Public Library 100 Staunton Spectator 27, 82 Staunton Vindicator 34 stayman (apples) 103 Staynforth and Foljambe 42 Stephen McCormick plow 55, 83 Stephens, Alexander 20 sterilization 111 Sterilization Act 105, 109

129 sterilization laws 112 Stewart, William 55 Stonewall Brigade Band 15 Strawson, Fred 99 Strode, Aubrey 111 Stuart, Alexander 15; Alexander Hugh Holmes 16, 21, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32; Alexander H. H., Jr. 25; Archibald 16; Eleanor Briscoe 16; Frances 32; J. E. B. 23 Stuart House 18, 26 (Alexander H. H.) Stuart lecture series 15 Stuarts Draft 90, 96, 101, 103, 104 Stubblefield, Fred 101; Patsy Morehead 101 Suckley, Margaret 152 Suter, Scott Hamilton 140 Sutherlin, William T. 30, 35 Swan, Jonathan 60, 78 Swanson, Claude 31 Swem, Earl Gregg 35 Syracuse Chilled Plow Company 81 Syracuse, N.Y. 74

T Tarleton, Banastre 36 Tarwater, Edward 62, 80; Michael 62, 63, 80 Tarwater v. Avery’s Administrator 79, 80 Tatum, Thomas H. 62 Taylor & McDowell 72 Taylor and Humphries 72 Taylor, John 43, 74 Tazewell, Littleton Waller 19 Teapot Dome scandal 151 Tenneco 74 Tennessee 24 Thistlewood, Thomas 3 Thomas Jefferson Foundation 134 Thomas, Luther D. 79 Thompson, Patricia 124 Thornrose Cemetery 127, 130 Tillery, John 122; Mary 122; Samuel 122; Winifred Hobson 122 tilt hammer 66 Timberville 98 Tinkling Spring Presbyterian Church 123 Tips and Tales: A Peek at the Criminal Law 150 tomatoes 90 Torisky, Danielle 141 township system 28

130 Towsley, Roswell 78 trees, fruit 85, 86 Trimble, James B. 83 Trinity Episcopal Church 36 Turkey Knob Orchard 97 Tuscaloosa, Ala. 67 Tweed, William “Boss” 152 Twilight at Monticello 134 Tyler, Lyon G 116

U U.S. Army officers 29 U.S. arsenal 23 U.S. Department of Health 109 U.S. Department of the Interior 15, 21, 33, 142 U.S. House of Representatives 20, 27 U.S. Secretary of State 21, 25, 124 U.S. Supreme Court 60 underground railroad 120 Underwood Constitution 28, 29, 30 Underwood, John. C, 27 Union dead 139 United States Circuit Court 62 United States Marines 23 Wisconsin-Madison University 118 Utica, N.Y. 66

V Valley Brethren-Mennonite Heritage Center 121 Valley Virginian 130 Van Deuson, Glyndon G. 33 Vesuvius Furnace 58, 61, 64, 66, 68, 79, 84 Vesuvius Plow Company 74 Vindication of the Rights of Woman 9 vinegar plant 98 Virginia Colony for the Epileptic and Feebleminded 108, 113 Virginia Conservative Party 28 Virginia constitutional convention 27 Virginia Convention 24 Virginia Department of Agriculture 86 Virginia General Assembly 17, 19, 23, 30, 24, 36, 109 Virginia Herald 77 Virginia Historical Society 32, 33 Virginia Hotel 131

131 Virginia House of Burgesses 123 Virginia House of Delegates 18, 30, 71, 96, 126 Virginia legal code 11 Virginia Medical Society 106 Virginia Mennonite Conference 121 Virginia Military Institute 25 Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) 101 Virginia Secession Convention 24 Virginia State Agricultural Fair 71 Virginia State Agricultural Society 75 Virginia State Penitentiary 109 Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals 57 Virginia Tech Agricultural and Extension Center 85 Virginia Tech Library 100 Virginia Valley Orchard Co. 90, 101, 102, 103, 104 Virginia, University of 9, 17, 31, 106, 126, 133; Board of Visitors 127; Rector 31; School of Law 150 Virginia’s legal code 8

W Waddell, Joseph A. 27, 34, 37, 130 Walker, Elizabeth Moore 5, 13, 128; Gilbert C. 29, 30; Thomas 6 Walterscheid, E.C. 75 Walton and Fuqua (business) 66 Ware, Mrs. Spencer 37, 38; Spencer 38 Warm Springs 36, 37 Warner, Mark R. 114 Warrenton Political Spectator 77 Washington and Lee University 58, 64, 65 Washington County 30 Washington, D.C. 18, 30 Washington Tavern 36 Watson, David 48, 76 Watt, George 72 Watt’s Cuff Brace Plow 72 Waynesboro 98, 99, 147 Waynesboro Nursery 87 Weaver, Dorothy Lee 82; William 50, 55, 57, 76, 77 Webster, Daniel 15, 21 Weir, Margaretta 84; Mary 84 well drilling 103 Wells, Henry H. 29 West Coast 86, 97 West Virginia 17, 31, 39, 147

132 Western State Hospital 106 Wheelan, Joseph 142, 143 Whig Party 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 30 white electoral rights 28 White House 124, 137, 141 White Sulphur Springs 29 Whitehead, Irving 111 Wiard family 64 Wiard, Henry 81; Thomas 64, 67, 72, 81; Thomas, Jr 64; William 81 Wiard Plow Company 81 Wiard’s Livingston County Plow 64 Wilkison, William 79 William and Mary 6 William and Mary College 17 Williams, George 99; John H. 35 Winchester 56, 85, 98 winesap (apples) 103 Winston, James 50 Wise, Henry 29, 143; Henry A. 15, 22 Withers, Thomas 75 Wolfe, Charles K. 100 Wollstonecraft, Mary 9 women, in American society 2, in political life 11 Wood, Benjamin H. 80; Charles 60; Jethro 59, 60, 62, 64, 78, 81; John 69, 83; John F. 51, 77; Phoebe 62, 81; Sylvia 62, 81 World War I 107 World War II 97 WWII veterans 113 Wythe, George 9

Y Yoder, Keith S. 85, 94 York imperial (apples) 93, 98, 103 Yost, Samuel M. 130 Young Men’s National Convention 18 Younger, Edward 35

Z Zagarri, Rosemarie 14

2009 Index Symbols 51st Virginia Infantry 75, 76, 78 51st Virginia Infantry Regiment 75

133 7th U.S. Cavalry 78 A Abney, William A. 58 Adams, John Quincy 57 African-American CCC companies 82 African-American community 101 African-American poet 106 African-Americans 106 Afton Mountain 74 Alabama 59 Alexandria, Va. 20 American Psychiatric Society 100 American Revolution 23 Anderson, Joseph 68, 71 Anglo Irish country house 6 anthracite coal 68 Antietam, Battle of 35 Appomattox Court House 78 Armentrout, George W. 46; Jacob 47 Armentrout papers 46, 49 Army of Northern Virginia 76 Atlanta 38 Augusta County 49, 58, 61, 65, 74, 100 Augusta County furnaces 67, 72 Augusta County Historical Society 54, 55; banquet 5

B Baldwin, Briscoe 58 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 75 Baltimore, Maryland 55, 77 bar iron 65 Barbour Democratic Convention 55 Barbour, James 57, 60; John Strode 60; Philip J. 57; Philip Pendleton 55, 60 Bardstown, Ky. 60 Beckwith, Robert Todd Lincoln 24 Berks County, Pa. 23 Black, Jeremiah S. 9 Bland, Larry 104 blast furnace 61 Blue Ridge Mountains 46, 61 Blue Room, White House 10 Bond of Iron 73 Boone, Daniel 49 Booth, John Wilkes 1, 3, 27 bootlegger 46 bosh of the furnace 64

134 Brady, Mathew 12 Bridgewater College 23, 28 Bridgewater, Va. 42 Briscoe, Dolph 43 Brown, Katharine 2 Bruce, Kathleen 72 Buchanan, James 9, 19 Buffalo Gap Furnaces 72 Bulkley, Robert J. 82

C Calhoun, John C. 55 Camp David 20 Camp Goshen 85 Camp Rattlesnake 80-94; archaeological remains 92; mess hall and barracks 84; sports 84, 86 Camp Roosevelt 81 Canada 52 Canada Furnace 67, 72 cast iron 61, 65 casting floor 64 Cedar Creek 61 Cedar Creek, Battle of 38, 76 charcoal 61, 62 Charleston Harbor 9 Charleston, S.C. 105 Chattanooga 76 Chicago 43 Chickamauga, Battle of 15 Civil Rights Amendments 41 Civil War 5-22, 26, 28, 68 Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) 80; camp facilities 81; occupational training 81 Clarke, Samuel 58 Clay, Henry 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 105 Clayton Mill Creek Road 90 Cole, Olen 93 colliers 62 Colonial Williamsburg 61 Confederate capital 4; iron supplies 69 Confederate Hospital, Chimborazo 78 Congressional Cemetery 60 conscription 35 Cooks Creek, Dayton, Va. 23 Cooling, B. Franklin 79 Cooper, William J. 56 Copperheads 37

135 Corcoran, William W. 17 corn shucks 48 Cotopaxi Furnace 50, 67, 72 Crawford Republican 60 crucible 64 Cumberland River 76 Custer, George Armstrong 74, 77 Cuthbert, Mary Ann 18

D Dartmouth College 106 Davis, Dr. James A. 79; Jefferson 11, 96 Dawson, John 60 Deerfield, Mass. 106 Deerfield Ranger District (National Forest) 81, 85 Democratic Party 35, 55 Dew, Charles B 73 Dix, Dorothea 100 Dolph Briscoe Center for American History 43 Donaghe, W.W. 58 Donahey, Vic 82 Dry River Ranger District (National Forest) 81 Dublin, Ireland 6 Duffie, General 71 Duke of Leinster 6 Dutch Inn 44, 48

E Early American Industries Association 61 Early, Jubal A. 74, 78 East Portico, U.S. Capitol 10 East Room, White House 21 Edward Albert, Prince of Wales 16 Elizabeth Furnace 67, 72 Elizabethtown, Ky. 24 Ellsworth, Colonel 20 Emancipation Proclamation 18, 26, 34, 37 Estiline furnace, Augusta 67, 72

F Falling Creek 61 Fechner, Robert 82, 87, 91 Fench, Benjamin Brown 13 Fillmore, Millard 12 firebacks (iron) 64 Fishburne & Son Drug Store 52

136 Fishburne Military School 74 Fishersville, Virginia 74, 77 Floyd, Governor 56, 105 Ford's Theatre 3 (U.S.) Forest Service 81 Fort Donelson, Tennessee 76 Fort Moultree 9 Fourth of July 17 Franklin County, Va. 75 Free Blacks 99 free trade 55 French and Indian War 106 French, Benjamin B. 16 Friedman, Janet 73 Friel, William 67 Fullor, Earl N. 91

G Gaines, Julius W., Jr. 101 Garber, Michael 58 Geiss, Harald 103 George Washington Littlefield Fund for Southern History 49 George Washington National Forest 69, 81 George Washington University 51 Georgia 59 Gerzina, Gretchen Holbrook 106 Gettysburg Address 23 Gettysburg, Battle of 20, 36 Gibbs, Marney 103 Glover, A.H. 88 Goodall, Wayne 83 Gordon-Reed, Annette 97 Gordonsville, Orange County 60 Gower, Calvin W. 93 Grant , Ulysses S. 21, 11, 37, 75, 133 Great Emancipator 31 Greenstone, David 34 Greenville, South Carolina 44 Greenville, Va. 46 Grimsley, Elizabeth Todd 15 Guide to Historic Staunton, Virginia 98 gunny sacks 49

H Hall, David T. 76 Hampden-Sydney College 74

137 Hamrick, Tom 52 Hanks, Nancy 24, 30 Hanna, William J. 43 Hansen, Hobart 101 Harman, Lewis 58 Harnsberger, Jere 60 Harris, Scott H. 23, 61, 74, 80 Harrisonburg, Va. 23, 42 Hay, John 6, 14 Helm, Ben 15; Emilie Todd 15, 19 Hemings, Elizabeth 98; Sally 97 Hemingses of Monticello, The 97 Herndon, Bill 30 Herring, Bathsheba 23 Highland County, Va. 99 Highland County Historical Society 99 Highland Inn 100 Hiner, Deidre 99 Historic Houses of Staunton, Virginia 103 History of the White House 5 Hoban, James 6 Holland, Josiah 30 Holzer, Harold 95, 97 ‘Honest Abe’ 40 Honor’s Voice 30 Houghton Library 100 Howardsville and Rockfish Gap Turnpike 71 Huffer, Beth 51 Hunters Works 65

I International Harvester Company 50 iron furnaces 61-73 iron furnace construction 62 iron ore test pits 62 iron plantations 61 ironmaking 61

J Jackson, Andrew 8, 55, 56, 57, 105; attitude toward Staunton 59 Jackson House Hotel 21 Jackson-Barbour ticket 57, 59 Jackson-Van Buren ticket 59 James River and Kanawha Canal 68 Jamestown, Va. 61 Jefferson, Martha 98; Thomas 13, 65, 97

138 Jewel of Liberty 39 John Lewis monument 103 Johnson, Charles 93 Jonesboro 101

K Kanawha Valley 76 Keckley, Elizabeth 18, 20 Kellar, Herbert A. 43, 44, 45 Kenlan, Charles 86, 90 Kennedy, John F. 29 Kennedy’s Furnace, 72 Kentucky 49 Kiddsville 102 Kyle, Robert 43

L Lacey Spring 77 Lafayette Square 17 Lamon, Ward 30 Lane, Harriet 12, 16 Leander, Bishop, J. 68 Lee, Robert E. 75 Leepson, Marc 79 LeHand, Missy 164 Lehman, James 133; James O. 131 Leinster House 6 Lesley, P.J. 69 Lewis and Clark 159 Lewis, John 103 Lexington , Va. 44, 48, 103 Library of Congress 6 Life and Labor in the Old South 44 Lincoln, Abraham 1, 3, 4, 7, 14, 23, 24, 28, 36, 39, 75, 95; bicentennial 95; biographers 30; character 29, 14; personality 96 Lincoln bed 16 Lincoln Bedroom 13, 21 Lincoln Cemetery (Rockingham) 25, 27, 42 Lincoln Cottage 2, 3 Lincoln, David 26; Eddie 15; family 24, 28; Jacob 23, 25; John 23, 25; Mary 13, 14, 18, 20; Rebecca 23, 25; Robert Todd 6, 24; Thomas "Tad" 4, 14, 24, 27; Willie 14, 15 Lincoln Family 28 Lincoln Homestead 2, 25, 42 Lincoln landmarks 27 Lincoln Memorial 3

139 Lincoln Society of Virginia 2, 23, 28, 42 Lincoln: An American Memory 31 Linville Creek 23 Little Big Horn 78 Local Transportation Administrator 53 Long, David 39 Lost Cause 27 Lynchburg, battle of 76

M Maddox, Betty 52 Maple Festival 100 Marlboro Iron Works 61, 62 Marshall, George 103 Marshall Museum 103 Marshall Plan 21, 104 Mary Baldwin College 55, 99 Maryland, University of 51 Massie family papers 49 McClellan, General George 34, 37, 38 McCormick, Cyrus 43; family 43, 44, 50; Leander 43; Robert 43, 50; William 43 McCormick Historical Association 44, 50 McDowell, James 60 McEntee, J.J. 87, 90 McGahey, Tobias 60 McKissick, James Rion 44, 47 McPherson, James 29 Meacham, Jon 105 mental hospitals 100 Métraux, Daniel A. 55 Mexican War 7, 75 Mexico 33 Mexico City 19 Michigan, University of 44 Mill Mountain 90 Miller, John 61 Mills, Nicolaus 103 Mississippi 59 Montgomery, Ala. 96 Monticello 30, 97 Morris, Rebecca Flowers 23 Morse, Debbie 100 Mossy Creek, Va. 65 Mossy Creek Furnace 61, 72 Mount Torry Furnace 65, 69, 70,72 Mt. Jackson, Va. 76

140 N nail factory, Augusta County 67 Napoleon III 11 Nashville 58, 76 National Archives 5, 85 National Republican Party 55 National Republicans 59 National Valley Bank 52 Ned, a Lincoln slave 25 Neely, Mark 31 Nelson County, Va. 49 New Deal Programs 80 New Hampshire 14 New Market 76 New Market, Battle of 76 New Salem 39 New Year’s Day 17 New York City 36 New York Herald 19 New York Law School 97 Newport, Va. 101 Nicolay, George 6, 9 Nobel Peace Prize 103, 153 Nolt, Steven M. 131, 133 North Carolina 59 North River Ranger District (National Forest) 81 Notes on the State of Virginia 65 nullification 56, 57 Nullification Crisis 55, 59, 105 Nutt, Joe 103

O Obama, Barack 95 Office of Defense 53 Old Uniontown 101 Owen, Louise 48

P Patrick County, Va. 75, 78, 90 Patton, James 134 Paul, John 27 Payne, Ashby 74; N. Douglas, Jr. 74 Peace Democrats 38 Petersburg, Va. defense of 1, 77 Peterson, Merrill D. 30, 31, 40 Phillips Exeter Academy 14

141 Phillips, Ulrich B. 44, 47 Pierce, Franklin 13, 15, 18 pig iron 61, 65, 68 Point of Fork 65 Points, James 58 Poplar Camp Creek 75 Porterfield, General 58 Potter, Edmund D. 98, 99; Fred C. 53 Prince, Abijah 106 Prince of Wales 16 Providence, Rhode Island 106

Q Queen, a Lincoln slave 25 “Queen City” 103

R Racial Purity Act of 1930 87 Radical Republicans 36 Rainey, George A. 45 Rakes, Alexander 77; Charles Jackson 75, 77; Christopher Columbus 78; Columbus 76; Richard 75, 76, 78; Thomas Tennyson 75 Randolph, John 58 Reagan, Nancy 15; Ronald 15 reaper 43 Reconstruction 36; iron production 69 Records of Ante-Bellum Southern Plantations 50 Red Room, White House 10, 20 Republican platform 96 Richard Goodchild 18 Richmond 1, 4, 11, 27, 74 Robinson, James 88 Rockingham County 2, 23, 26 Rockingham County Lincolns 26 Rocky Mount 75 Roosevelt, Franklin 80; Theodore 21 Rutgers University 97 Rutledge, Anne 30, 31

S Salmon, John S. 62 Sarah Lawrence College 104 Sconyers, Jim 99 Scott, Winfield 19 Seale, William 2, 5 Second Corps 76

142 Second Inaugural Address 34, 37 Secret Service 14 Secretary of State 104 Secretary of War 57 sectionalism 9 Shakespeare 13 Shank family 42 Shenandoah National Park 81 Shenandoah Valley 23, 26, 38, 43, 62 Shenandoah Valley iron production 67 Sherando Lake 70 Sheridan, Philip 76 slavery, constitutionality of 35 Smithsonian Institution 5 social reform movements 101 soda fountain 52 Soldiers’ Home 19 Sons of the Revolution 74 Sorrells, Nancy 92 South Carolina 49, 55 South Carolina, University of 44 South River, Augusta County 135 Speece, Conrad 58 Springfield, Illinois 7, 15, 21, 95 Springfield, Ky. 24 Springfield, Va. 24 St. Louis 95 Stackpole, Thomas 18 State Dining Room 11 states rights 55 Staunton, Va. 55, 58, 98 Staunton News Leader 85, 88 Stevenson, L.L. 58 Stokes, W.M., Jr. 83, 85 Stone, Phillip 2 Stonewall Jackson Hotel 5 Strasburg, Va. 77 Stribling, Francis T. 100 Stuart, Archibald 58

T Tarbell, Ida 40 tariff legislation 56 tariffs 55, 65 Terry, Lucy 106 Texas, University of 43, 49

143 The Tattler 90 Third Winchester, Battle 76 Thomas Hogshead Drug Store 52 Tinkling Spring Presbyterian Church 23 Todd family 15 Todd, Mary 7 Transverse Hall, White House 11 Tredegar Iron Works 27, 68, 71 trip hammers 66 tub bellows 70 Tye River and Blue Ridge Turnpike 50

U U.S. Department of Agriculture 80 U.S. Department of Interior 80 U.S. Department of Labor 80 U.S. Department of State 9 U.S. Department of War 80 U.S. Supreme Court 57 Union Church 102 Union Forge 65, 72

V Valley Campaign 74 Valley of Virginia 61 Van Buren, Martin 55, 57 Vance, Mariah 31 Vermereu, Pierre 19 Vesuvius furnace 50 Vicksburg, Miss. 37 Victoria, Queen 16, 19 Virginia capitol 4 Virginia Central Railroad 77 Virginia Company 61 Virginia Gazette 62 Virginia Historical Society 50 Virginia House of Delegates 57 Virginia iron products 65 Virginia Military Institute 46, 103 Virginia Militia 76 Virginia, University of 60, 100

W Waddell, Joseph A. 58, 60 Walnut Grove 45 War Democrats 37

144 Washington, D.C. 75 Washington, George 6, 29, 32 Washington season 17 Watt, John 19, 20 Wayles, John 98 Waynesboro 69, 74 Waynesboro, Battle of 74 Webster, Daniel 34 West Point 76 West Virginia 159 Western State Hospital 100 Wharton, Gabriel C. 75, 77 Whigs 58 whiskey 46 White House 5, 56, 96; Garden 5; redecoration costs 16; remodeling 5; staff 18 White House: The History of an American Idea 5 Williamson, Alexander 14 Willson Brothers Drugstore 51 Willson, Gilpin 51; Gilpin, Jr. 51; Percy 51 Wilson, Douglas 30 Wisconsin Historical Society 43, 50 Wisconsin, University of 50 Wood, Alice Davis 100 Wooley, D.J 88 Woolwine, Rufus 77 Wright, Horatio 75 writ of habeas corpus 37 wrought iron 61

Y Yale University 44, 50 YMCA 53 Yorktown surrender 25

Z Zane, Isaac 61, 62 Zane’s Furnace 61

2010 Index Symbols 1828 campaign 124 1852 Democratic convention 131 1860 election 129, 131 4-H 19, 27, 28, 32; Augusta County 4-H 15, 21, 25, 40; Club Newsletter 31, 34; demonstrators 14; National 4-H Club Congress 19 9th Va. Cavalry, C.S.A. 5

145

A Abolitionists 46 Acadia National Park 93 Adams, John 118; John Quincy 123; Samuel 118 African Americans 110, 111 Afton Mountain 103 Agnew, Ella 23, 24 Alderman, Edwin 8 American Revolution 46, 51, 74, 79, 85, 88, 89 American System 128 anti-intellectualism in American politics 124 Appalachian Range 92 Army Corps of Engineers 82 Ashby, Benjamin 90 Astor, John Jacob 118 Augusta County 45, 48, 51, 52, 54, 55, 59,75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 87, 89, 91, 105, 110, 111, 115 Augusta County Agricultural Advisory Board 33 Ayers, Edward L. 47

B Bahamas 132 Baldwin, John B. 48 Ball Canning Jar Contest 41 Ball canning products 41 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Scholarship 15 Baltimore, Md. 2, 3, 11 Bancroft, Frederick 3; George 125 Basic City, Va. 112 Battle of Bull Run Battle of Manassas. See See Bull Run, Battle of Beecher, Lyman 59 Berry, Edith 19, 28 Blacksburg, Va. 28 Blue Ridge Parkway 75, 91, 93, 94, 95, 98, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108,109 Blue Ridge Railroad 105 Blue Ridge Tunnel (Crozet Tunnel) 106 Boehm, Robert 80 Boston, Mass. 77, 89, 118 Botetourt County. Va. 75, 76, 78, 80 Bowdoin College 131 Bramham, Rachel T. 71 Breadmaking 29

146 Brelis, Dean 116 British empire 90 Broadnax, Lydia 120 Bronx River Parkway 102 Bryn Mawr College 2 Bureau of Public Roads 101 "Burial of Latané" 5 Burr, Aaron 121 Byrd, Harry F. 102

C Cameron, Janet 31 Campbell, William 74, 87 canning 17, 20, 23, 35; cherries 19; raspberries 15, 16 Carson, Kit 118 Cass, Lewis 126 Castleman, Thomas T. 68 Centerville Club 29 Centerville, Va. 18 Chadwick, Bruce 120 Charlottesville, Va. 71 cheese 28 Cherokee Indians 54 Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad 112 Chicago, Ill. 17 Christian, William 79, 87 Civil War 5, 10, 11, 45, 47, 51, 52, 5 4, 59, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 123, 129, 130 Civilian Conservation Corps 105 Clark, George Rogers 74, 79; Wesley K. 114 Clarksburg, (West) Virginia 113 Clarkson, Heriot 99 Clay, Henry 123, 126, 127, 129 Coercive Acts 77 Coleman, William 61, 70 collective rights 47 Committee of Intercolonial Correspondence 77 Common Council [Staunton] 63 Confederate Congress 51 Confederate nationalism 45 Confederate States of America 45, 47, 48, 51 Congressional Quarterly 126 Continental Army 121 Cos, Margaret Junkin 12 county fair 16, 22

147 Crawford, William 74, 78 Cuba 132 Cumberland, Md. 100 Cupp, Mary 14, 15, 19, 22, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42

D dairy practices 29 Daughters of the American Revolution 85 Davis, Donald A. 114; Jefferson 131 Declaration of Independence 51 Demaray, A.E. 103 Democratic Party 125 Demonstration Team 28 Dickinson, John 80 Dolin, Eric Jay 117 Driver, Robert J., Jr. 115 Dunmore, Lord (Va. governor) 75, 77, 78, 88, 90 Dunmore’s War 76, 77, 79, 88

E Eastern National Park Association 94 Eastern National Park to Park Highway 94 Eliza's flight 58 Emerson, Nancy 48 Episcopal church 49 Extension, Augusta County agent 16, 25, 31, 35, 37; Augusta County Home Demonstration Council 35; Augusta Young Womens Home Demonstration Club 15; home demonstration 33, 34, 36; home economists 24, 34, 36, 40

F Farm work 18 federal government 51 fertilizer 32 Fincastle County, Va. 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80 First Continental Congress 74, 76, 88 fishing 117 Flinchum, Deena 88 Florida Everglades 104 food preservation 21, 23, 30, 35, 37 Ford, Henry 98 foreign policy 10 Fort Dunmore 89 Fort Gower, W.Va. 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89

148 Fort Gower Resolves 76 Fort Mead, Fla. 113 Fort Ross 117 Fort Sumter 46, 47, 50 Fourteen Points 7 Frazier, William 47 Free Soilers 132 Fugitive Slave Law 57, 58 fur trade 116, 117

G gardening, techniques 23; year-round gardens 26, 30 Gassett, Bertha Driver 18 Glacier National Park 99 Glanville, Jim 74 Glick, Edith 29; Eleanor 22 Grand Canyon National Park 99 Great Depression 9 Great Smoky Mountains 92, 94, 95, 100, 109 grist mills 29

H Hampshire County, (West) Va. 78 Hamrick, Kathleen 28 Hanover County, Va. 127 Harpers Ferry, (West) Va. 50 Harris, Carolyn 88; Scott H. 74, 91 Harrison, Benjamin 80 Hassinger Lumber Company 92 Hawthorne, Nathaniel 132 Hazel Atlas canning supplies 41; contest 41 Henry, Patrick 86, 87 Hill, D. H. 50 Hillsborough, N.H. 131 History of the American People 11 Hocking River 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 89 Hockingport, Ohio 75, 82, 85 Holt, Michael F. 130 home drying machines 37 Hot Springs, Ark. 93 Hot Springs Reservation 93 House of Burgesses (Va.) 77 House of Lords (Va.) 75 House of Representatives (U.S.) 123, 131 Hulvey, Edna 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 40, 41, 42

149 J Jackson, Thomas J. “Stonewall” 50, 113 Jamison, Ruth 22, 25, 26, 34, 35, 36, 40 Jefferson, Thomas 118, 119, 120, 121 Johns Hopkins University, The 2, 6, 9 Johnson, Joseph 66, 71, 73 Johnston County, N.C. 100 Jolley, Harley 108 Jones, Michael Owen 21

K Kenton, Simon 74 Kentucky 52, 57, 122, 127 Kerr canning products 41 King George III 90 Kiser, Mary Zimmerman 29, 42 Knapp, Seaman 23 Knowles, Jane 63 Koons, Ken E. 110 Kurlansky, Mark 117

L Lafayette National Park 93 Lancaster, Pa. 100 landscape restoration 101 Lane Theological Seminary 59 Latané, Edith 4; James Allen 1; John Holladay 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12; William 4, 5 League of Nations 2, 7, 9 Lee, Richard Henry 75, 76, 87; Robert E. 50 Leesburg, Va. 49 Lewis and Clarks expedition 122 Lewis, Andrew 74; Charles 80; John 80 Lexington, Ky. 114, 115, 127, 128 Lincoln, Abraham 46, 47, 48, 50, 51 Lindamood, Blanche 26, 29, 31, 37 Linklater, Andro 121, 122 livestock 111 Lockridge, Andrew 80 Longenecker, Stephen 110 lumbermen 92 Lynd, Helen 18, 25; Robert 18, 25

M MacDonald, Thomas 103 Maine 93

150 Mammoth Cave 94, 100 Manifest Destiny 11 Manley, G. B. 48 Martin, Samuel 69 Mary Baldwin College (Seminary) 4, 110 Masincupp, Lucille Berry 18 Massachusetts 77, 118, 119 Mather, Stephen 92, 93, 98, 99 Mathews, George 80 Maysville, Ky. 53 McClellan, George 114 McClennahan, Alexander 80 McCue, M. H. 70 McDowell, Samuel 80 McFarland, Rev. Francis 111 McKinley, William 6 meat preservation techniques 37 Merklin, Chris 82 Métraux, Daniel A. 88, 110 Mexican War 113, 125, 129 Mexico 121, 125, 126 Michie, Thomas J. 66, 73 Middlebrook, Va. 54, 55, 60 Middletown, Va. 18, 25, 36 Missouri Compromise 130, 132 Mitchell, Rev. 68 Model T 98 Moffatt, George 80; Elsie 37 Monroe Doctrine 7, 12 Morgan, Daniel 74, 79 Mortin, Thomas 117 Mt. Solon, Va. 29 Murray, John 77

N Nalle, William 80 Natchez Trace Parkway 102 national banks 124 National Park Service 92, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99, 103, 109 National Park-to-Park Highway Association 93, 98, 100 National Parks Touring Association 98 National Road 100 Native Americans 94 New Deal 11, 103, 104, 109 New Hampshire 131, 132

151 New Hope School 32 New Jersey 2, 3 New Orleans 121, 122 Norfolk and Western Railway 112 Northwest Territory 87 Noyalas, Jonathan A. 110 nullification 128

O Ohio Department of Transportation 82, 83, 87 Ohio River 52, 53, 75, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84 Old Dominion 50 Oregon question 125

P Panama Canal Zone 6 paper money 124 Parkersburg, W.Va. 75 Parsons, Lynn Hudson 123 Peery, Catherine 21 Perkins, Edmund 63, 64, 67, 70 Petersburg, Va.64, 67 Philadelphia 74, 76, 89, 100 Philippine Insurrection 9 Poage, James 52, 53 Point Pleasant, W.Va. 78 Polk, James K. 125 pork preservation methods 26 Presbyterian 1 pressure cooker 38 Princeton University 2, 3 pro-Union Virginians 47

Q quick breads 29

R Raleigh Tavern 77 Rankin, John 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60 record-keeping, garden 33 Reformed Episcopal Church 1, 11 Repp, Lantz 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89 Republican Party 46, 126, 129, 130, 132

152 Republican Vindicator 69 Richmond, Ky. 49 Richmond, Va. 17, 48, 49, 50, 67, 69, 73, 111, 120 Ripley, Ohio 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59 roads, condition of 100; construction 101 Rockbridge County 17, 23, 30, 47 Rockefeller, John D. 93 Rockfish Gap 105 Rockingham County 46 Rocky Mountain National Park 99 Roller, Kathleen 19 Roosevelt, Franklin 96; Theodore 12 root cellar 37, 40 Russell, William 74

S Schreckhise, James 50 Scots-Irish 124 Second Great Awakening 54 Secretary of Agriculture 92 Senate (U.S.) 7, 8 Settle, Mary 29 Seven Days Battle 114 Sheehan-Dean, Aaron 45, 51 Shenandoah National Park 91, 95, 96, 102, 105, 106 Shenandoah Valley 30, 50, 110, 111 Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation 110 Sieur de Monts National Monument 93 Skidmore, John 80 Skyline Drive 91, 93, 98, 102, 103, 104, 105, 109 slave population, Augusta County 51 slavery 46, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 59, 120, 128, 129, 130, 132 Smith Center for History and Art 61 Smith, Jedidiah 118 soil improvement 32 South Atlantic Quarterly 3 Spanish-American War 9 Speaker of the House 125 Spectator and General Advertiser 47, 64 Spring Hill, Va. 18, 28 St. John Church 86 State University of New York 124

153 Staunton, Va. 1, 3, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 61, 62, 63, 64, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73,112, 114, 115, 120, 127 Staunton Gas Works 61 Steele, Jane 59 Steeles Tavern, Augusta County 54 Stephen, Adam 74, 77, 78 Stowe, Harriet Beecher 58, 59, 60 Stuart, J.E.B. 5 Sweeney, Bob 116

T Taft, William Howard 6 Tariff of 1842 125 Taylor, Zachary 129 Tennessee 52, 54, 92, 102 The Clansman 4 The Valley of the Shadow website 47 Thompson, John R. 4; Lucas P. 64 Thornrose Cemetery 70 Three Notchd (or Chopt) Road 105 tomato clubs 23 Trayer, Andrew Hemphill 61, 63, 70, 72; Daniel 63 Treaty of Camp Charlotte 79 Treaty of Versailles 7 Turner, Frederick Jackson 11, 122

U U.S. Office of Public Roads and American Highways 100 U.S. Department of Agriculture 15, 23, 37 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 52, 58, 60 Underground Railroad 52, 60 Union sympathizers 110 United States Congress 8 University of North Florida 45 University of Virginia 130 USDA Farmers’ Bulletin 20

V Valley Campaign 74, 91 Van Buren, Martin 124, 125, 130 Vietnam 115, 116 Virginia 92, 100, 102, 105, 108 Virginia Gazette 75, 88, 90 Virginia Polytechnic Institute 16

154 W Walter Hines Page School of International Relations 9 Wampler, Phyllis Zimmerman 36 War Department 113 Ward, Harry 77 Ware, Louie 40 Washington County, Va. 92 Washington, D.C. 51, 127 Washington, George 53 Watson, Mollie A. 71 Wayne, “Mad “ Anthony 112 Waynesboro, Va. 103, 112, 113 Waynesboro Turnpike 62 West Point, N.Y. 113 West Virginia 78, 87, 92 Weyers Cave 18 Wheeling, W.Va. 1 Wilkinson, James 121, 122 Wilson, Henry T. 63, 66, 67; Samuel 80; Woodrow 1, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12 Wilsonian ideals 8 Wilson's views 4 Wise, Carlyn 18; Jason 82, 89 Wood County, W.Va. 81 World War I 7, 24, 25, 35 World War II 37 Wythe, George 120

Y Yellowstone 91, 93, 95, 99, 109 Yorktown, Va. 86

155