BOOKS AND BOOKPEOPLE FROM RANDOM HOUSE • FALL 1 9 9 3

ALL PICTURES, NO WORDS: AVEDON LOOKS AT HIS LIFE ALSO IN THIS ISSUE El. Doctorow • Naomi Wolf • William Styron • Mavis Gallant • Ron Chernow THE MAN WHO KILLED KENNEDY BY CARSTEN FRIES

he thirtieth anniversary of the assassination of President Kennedy in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas, will be commemorated in a fitting way this November: by laying to rest the myriad of doubts that have tormented the American peo- Tple since 1963 about who killed him and why. It was not the KGB. It was not Castro. It was not the Mafia. It was not the sinister cabal of military and intelligence officials suggested by Oliver Stone's movie JFK. It was Lee Har- vey Oswald—but it was not the Oswald portrayed in hundreds of books and articles. Gerald Posner, the author of Case Closed (Random House, September) and of this judgment, originally set out to reexamine all the evidence. He interviewed almost two hundred individuals connected to the case, some of whom had never before revealed what they knew. In going back to primary sources and witnesses, he made discoveries, such as the undisclosed files of New Orleans attorney Jim Garrison, that will resolve many controver- sies. He found flaws in the Warren Commission report. He created his own index to the report and concluded that the only other one, prepared by Sylvia Meagher, reflected her bias that Oswald was innocent. He spent many hours discussing Oswald with his Russian-born PI/TELEPHOTO

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12

• •..:t•••

wife, Marina. And he had a unique interview with Gerald Posner is a lawyer whose interest in the Yuriy Nosenko, the KGB officer who was first assassination reaches back to his time as an under- responsible for Oswald after he defected to the Sovi- graduate at Berkeley in the early 19705. By that time et union (see following excerpt). Nosenko has been the Warren Commission's conclusion that Oswald in hiding in the U.S. since his own defection. was the lone assassin had been under steady assault" But most of all Posner came to the conclusion he says. "I read many of the leading conspiracy that the character and role of Oswald were drasti- books and later, in law school, closely followed the cally misunderstood and purposefully ignored. investigation of the House Select Committee on "While it's important to understand every aspect of Assassinations." He began by cross-referencing the the case, including possible conspiracies, the ques- leading conspiracy accounts and investigating their tion of why John Kennedy was killed is only theories "as if preparing for a legal case." answered by studying Oswald's life in detail," he Reaction to Case Closed is likely to be intense. says. From childhood neglect to his less-than-dis- Posner expects to be the target of personal attacks tinguished career in the Marine Corps to his start- and of charges that he is part of a continuing cover- ling defection to the and disaffected up. "'The [conspiracy] buffs hold on to their beliefs return to the United States, Oswald is shown in with an almost religious fervor, oblivious to contrary Case Closed as a sociopathic, often violent individual evidence. It seems to me that what threatens them whose day-to-day existence was punctuated by most is the truth. Many recoil from it, wanting bizarre fantasies. "Oswald felt he lived in a world of instead to believe anything that raises doubts. The intellectual inferiors, and that no one appreciated real Oswald is the same disturbed archetype who has his intelligence and great worth," explains Posner. figured as the shooter in eight assassinations—or "Writers who describe him as a pawn of dark forces attempted assassinations—of American presidents." ■ have no understanding of the man. He was not weak, but a determined personality who knew what Carsten Fries is a production editor at Random he wanted and went after it." House and the managing editor off At Random.

An edited excerpt from Case Closed by Gerald Posner THE ORDEAL OF OSWALD'S KEEPER uriy Nosenko sought gence kept Oswald under surveil- lishment. Is Nosenko a bona fide permanent asylum in lance, it viewed him as mentally defector, and is his information the U.S. in January unfit, had not debriefed him, and about Oswald reliable? 1964, only two months had no relationship with him. If after the Kennedy that was true, it meant the KGB NOSENKO FIRST MADE CONTACT assassination.y His story stunned and the Soviet Union were with an American diplomat in the CIA. He claimed to be a lieu- absolved of any complicity in 1962, at the Arms Con- tenant colonel responsible for JFK's murder. If it was false, ference. The CIA dispatched compromising Americans visiting Nosenko could be a phony defec- thirty-seven-year-old Tennant . That meant Oswald was tor, intended, among other "Pete" Bagley and an agent flu- under his jurisdiction when the things, to deflect the Warren ent in Russian, George Kiseval- ex-Marine first defected to the Commission from focusing on ter, to meet Nosenko four times Soviet Union. After the assassi- evidence of the real Soviet role at a safe house near Geneva's nation, he was temporarily with Oswald. The overall ques- center. assigned to investigate whether tion of whether he was a bona CIA transcripts reveal that at there was ever any KGB-Oswald fide defector or a KGB plant those meetings, Nosenko provid- relationship. According to become the most divisive issue ed critical leads on a number of Nosenko, although Soviet intelli- within the agency since its estab- intelligence cases. Among other

4 AT RANDOM

• the disclosures, he exposed KGB spies asked if there was a KGB mole in uncover his treachery. Five days er- in the U.S. embassy in Moscow, the CIA, he said no. Told of his later, in the final meeting, me the British admiralty, and in the reply, Golitsyn reached an instant Nosenko announced he had ald U.S. Army; revealed new Soviet conclusion: "This is disinforma- received a cable ordering him lt" surveillance technologies; pin- tion. The KGB wants me to appear home immediately. He feared the .cy pointed the location of hidden bad to you. This is going.to dam- KGB had unmasked him and his he microphones in the U.S. embassy; age my leads." Bagley, too, was return meant arrest and execu- on and startled his CIA contacts by soon convinced Nosenko was a tion. The story of the cable left he claiming that both Canadian plant. the CIA with little choice since the ambassador John Watkins and Completely unaware the CIA Agency feared the repercussions cir prominent U.S. newspaper thought he was a double agent, of losing an agent who might columnist Joe Alsop were homo- Nosenko prepared for his eventu- have information about Oswald. ie. sexuals who were compromised al goal, defection. For the remain- Headquarters authorized his ks by the KGB. der of 1962 and all of 1963, he defection, and within days he r- Bagley was ecstatic passed through Germany fs with the information, and was in the U.S. and not only considered In 1964, the CIA drafted Nosenko's statement Inrn Nosenko bona fide but about the recall cable has tg the most important 130 questions it intended to been used to contest his to Soviet agent ever credibility. There was no recruited by the CIA. ask Nosenko about Oswald cable. Confronted with this )r However, Bagley was fact, Nosenko explained he shocked when he but never did. Gerald Posner fabricated the story because returned to CIA head- he feared that otherwise a quarters because the put these questions to Bagley would not allow him chief of counterintelli- Nosenko and the substance to defect. The story about gence, James Jesus the cable accomplished its Angleton, was con- of his answers are purpose, forcing the CIA to vinced that no matter spirit him to the West. "To what Nosenko said, he included in Case Closed this day, I do not regret was a KGB plant. making that false state- The reason for ment," he says. "Without Angleton's distrust was another committed to memory the details that "cable,' they would have defector, , who of more than three hundred new brushed me off" If he had been a had arrived in America six leads and almost two thousand plant, the KGB would almost have months earlier. Golitsyn had told names for the Agency. In January certainly provided him with a the extremely cynical Angleton 1964 in Geneva he used his pre- cable to keep his cover story that the CIA was penetrated by a arranged signal to call a meeting intact. high-ranking KGB agent code- with the CIA. The same two When Nosenko first arrived in named Sasha. The possibility that agents who had met him in 1962, the U.S., he was placed in a safe the CIA was compromised, as Bagley and Kisevalter, flew in house. He did not know that his British intelligence had been by from Washington. CIA debriefers were interested , was Angleton's worst Nosenko first surprised the only in exposing him as a liar. fear. Accepting Golitsyn's revela- agents by announcing, "Gentle- However, when J. Edgar Hoover tions without hesitation, he men, I am not going back, so how learned about him, he immediate- embarked the CIA on a twenty- about that?" Bagley, convinced ly obtained access for the FBI. A year hunt for a phantom mole Nosenko was a fake, tried to dis- deep-cover FBI informant at the that destroyed careers of good suade him from defecting, Soviet mission to the United officers and split the Agency. encouraging him to stay in the Nations, code-named "Fedora," Not only was Angleton con- Soviet Union even though personally confirmed to Hoover vinced the mole existed, but Nosenko had disclosed his that Nosenko's defection had Golitsyn farther warned him that knowledge about Oswald. At a caused an uproar in the highest the KGB would send "defectors" second meeting, a week later, the Kremlin circles. intended to deflect the interest in disagreement over his defection The FBI believed Nosenko Sasha. That is how they viewed continued, with Nosenko increas- about Oswald and supported his Nosenko. When Nosenko was ingly concerned the KGB might request to testify before the Warren

FALL 1993 15 An excerpt from Case Closed by Gerald Posner

Commission. But Angleton out- ditioning, and during the oppres- feeding him. maneuvered them. Richard sive Washington summers it was After four months, he was B Helms, then deputy director of like a furnace. Nosenko was given finally allowed to walk in a small ti plans, met privately with Earl little food, allowed to shower only enclosed yard that had been con- tc Warren on June 24, 1964, and once a week, and not allowed a structed outside his jail. It was the d• informed him the CIA doubted toothbrush or toothpaste. Human first time in nearly two years he Nosenko's credibility. Helms contact was banned. There was had seen daylight or been in fresh a warned that if the commission no television, radio, reading air. The yard was encircled with a a used his information and it was a material, exercise, or cigarettes. twelve-foot-high chainlink fence, lie, it would ruin the rest of their He was told he would be kept like and several feet beyond was an d work. Nosenko did not testify and that for twenty-five years. The eighteen-foot-high fence of solid C is not even mentioned in the interrogations, which began with- material. The CIA did not want p commission's twenty-six volumes. in days, were extremely aggres- anyone, even at Camp Peary, to a Helms did not tell the chief sive. He was constantly attacked see what had become of him. b justice that since early April, with as a KGB plant and told his only He tried to keep his sanity in a the backing of Attorney General chance for freedom was to con- variety of ways. When his jailers d Robert Kennedy, Nosenko had fess. Over the months, the CIA finally allowed him to brush his V been under hostile interrogation, agents became increasingly frus- teeth after two years in captivity, treated as a captured spy rather trated that he refused to admit he he was so starved for something than a voluntary defector. The FBI was a bogus defector. Robert to read that he secretly kept a was denied access to him, and his Kennedy had long since stopped printed piece of paper from the a CIA jailers expected him to crack telephoning for an update, and toothpaste package. Though it within a few weeks. Robert the Warren Commission had was only a list of ingredients, he Kennedy called frequently to dis- released its report. Nosenko was a kept rereading it until his guards cover whether he had confessed forgotten man, a prisoner of the saw him and confiscated it. yet. CIA. . Another time he painstakingly Nosenko's ordeal had started On August 13, 1965, after six- created a makeshift deck of cards on April 4, 1964, when he was teen months closeted in the attic, from shreds of paper napkins. driven to a three-story safe house Nosenko was moved by the CIA to The guards watched him for sev- in a Washington suburb. He was a new prison, a top-secret facility eral weeks and destroyed it on the given a medical exam, and then constructed especially for him. day he completed it. The same strapped to a polygraph machine. Located on the grounds of the happened to a chess set he fash- The operator, Nick Stoiaken, CIA's training facility, Camp ioned from pieces of lint. knew the CIA thought Nosenko Peary, it made the attic seem lux- Meanwhile, each subsequent was a liar. After an hour of ques- urious. On a heavily wooded site Soviet defector who knew of the tions, Stoiaken made a big show on the ten-thousand-acre com- Nosenko case vouched for his of discussing the prearranged pound, Nosenko was locked bona fides. Most of them were results with some of the ciA per- inside a ten-foot-by-ten-foot quite surprised to learn that the sonnel. Then Bagley appeared windowless concrete bunker. A CIA thought Nosenko was a plant, and denounced Nosenko as a single bare bulb illuminated the and told the Agency of the KGB's "liar." Several guards rushed into room's only piece of furniture, a panicked reactions when he had the room. Nosenko was stripped, metal bed so small that his feet fled to the West. Nosenko had inspected inside his mouth, ears hung over the edges. The luxuries been tried in absentia and was to and rectum, and then marched from the attic—a pillow, sheet, be executed on his recapture. But into the house's tiny attic that and blanket—were gone. The to Angleton and Golitsyn, the would serve as his prison for more bunker accentuated the weather, moment a defector vouched for than a year. either brutally hot or freezing Nosenko's bona fides, it branded The windows were boarded cold. A ceiling camera monitored that defector as a plant. Angleton over. The only furniture was a him. His allotted food was low- concluded that in the decade after metal bed fastened to the middle ered to the subsistence level. Golitsyn, the Soviets sent twenty- of the floor. Guards watched him Documents reveal that while the two phony defectors to the U.S. twenty-four hours a day through government spent $L5 million to Today; the CIA and FBI consider a wire mesh built into the door. construct and man the prison, it every one of those defectors as The room had no heat or air con- spent less than a dollar a day bona fide.

16 AT RANDOM Instead of being persuaded by Bagley was infuriated. His des- Nosenko, and stuffed him into growing evidence that Nosenko peration was evident when he the backseat of a car. He thought might be authentic, Angleton and soon made a list of how the fes- they were finally going to kill was Bagley grew increasingly impa- tering case could be closed. him. Instead, they drove him to a mall tient and debated drugging him Included among his choices were small CIA safehouse in a Wash- con- to hasten his breakdown. Internal "liquidate the man," "render him ington suburb. After three and a ; the documents show an assortment of incapable of giving [a] coherent half years, he was no longer in s he drugs were considered, including story (special dose of drug, etc)," solitary confinement. fresh a so-called truth serum, an or committing him to a "loony He was soon moved to a farm .th a amphetamine, and even LSD. bin without making him nuts." house, where he was given a com- rice, Nosenko is positive he was After the second polygraph, fortable bedroom, ate normal 3 an drugged, recalling injections by Nosenko was at his lowest point meals, and could exercise. How- .olicl CIA doctors, followed by days of since defecting. But unknown to ever, he was still the Agency's cant panic and terror. "Once, following him, his fortunes were about to prisoner, and during 1968 Solie to an injection, I couldn't interviewed him, often six breathe," he remembers. days a week. He found a M a "I was dying." His guards very different man than ilers dragged him to a shower, Blindfolded and the one portrayed by his where they ran alternating Angleton and Bagley. city, hot and cold water to handcuffed, In August 1968, after iing revive him. eight months of interviews )t a In October 1966, two with Sale, Nosenko had a the and a half years after he Nosenko thought third polygraph, the only it was placed into solitary valid test he was ever giv- he confinement, and shortly the CIA was going en. It was monitored by irds after the incidents with several Agency depart- it. drugs, a second polygraph ments. He passed it, was administered. Nosenko to kill him including those questions g Y irds recalls it was "even uglier, about whether he was ns. than the first." .The same telling the truth about ev- operator, Nick Stoiaken, conducted improve. In June 1966, Richard Harvey Oswald. One month lat- the the test. But instead of asking yes- Helms became the Agency's er, Solie submitted his final a83- me and-no questions as on the first director. Although undecided page report. It was the first CIA sh- test, he spent an hour calling about Nosenko's bona fides, he document to accept Nosenko as a Nosenko a "liar" and asking knew the matter had to be bona fide defector. J. Edgar ant demeaning questions about alleged resolved. Within several months Hoover received a copy and dis- the homosexuality. Then Stoiaken took of Helms's taking office, he patched FBI agents to interview his a lunch break, leaving Nosenko assigned a complete review to Nosenko for the first time in over ere strapped to the machine. Guards Bruce Solie, a sixteen-year veter- four years. They discovered nine the ensured he did not move. an and the Agency's most experi- new counterintelligence cases and nt, When Stoiaken returned a enced spycatcher. To offset seventy-five leads on pending cas- couple of hours later, he contin- Helms's moves, Angleton and es. lad ued the questioning for another Bagley produced a nine-hundred While Angleton watched with ad two hours. No matter how page report detailing why frustration, an independent review to Nosenko responded or what the Nosenko was a plant. by the Soviet Division also kit polygraph showed, Stoiaken said Without deciding whether declared Nosenko a bona fide he he was a liar. It was conducted so Nosenko was bona fide, it took defector. In March 1969, Helms Tor he would fail. Shortly after the Solie six months to determine employed him as an independent ed test, Bagley presented him a fake that the Angleton/Bagley work consultant on the KGB, at a salary on confession, that admitted he was was seriously flawed, more an of $16,5oo per year, and arranged ter a plant and there were moles unchallenged prosecutor's brief for limited compensation for his y- inside the CIA. Nosenko took a than an impartial report. As a illegal imprisonment. By April, five S. pencil and turned to the last page. result of Solie's preliminary con- years after he was locked into an ler Summoning his last reserves of clusions, CIA guards entered the attic, he was released from all secu- as strength, he scrawled near the concrete bunker, blindfolded, rity restrictions. He changed his signature line, "Not true." handcuffed, and shackled name and married within a year.

)/44, FALL 1993 17 An excerpt from Case Closed by Gerald Posner

All six directors of Central But what of Oswald's Marine vetoed Oswald's request for citi- Intelligence who followed Helms background and his service at zenship. "We had no reason to let agreed that Nosenko was a bona Atsugi, where the u-a spy plane him stay," remembers Nosenko. fide defector. The FBI never was based? The Soviets had made "Soviet citizenship was not some wavered from its initial determi- the U-a a top priority and finally thing lightly given out to foreign- nation of his bona fides. The offi- shot one down on May t, 1960, ers and there was certainly no rea- cial CIA position today is that less than seven months after son to make an exception for Nosenko is the most valuable KGB Oswald's arrival. "People who Oswald." defector to come to the West as raise this point do not understand In his diary, Oswald wrote of 1964. intelligence work," Nosenko says. what happened after he received "I am surprised that such a big the news that his citizenship WHEN OSWALD DEFECTED in deal is made of the fact that he request was rejected: "I am 1959, a foreigner could not visit was a Marine. Even the House stunned....Eve. 6.00 Recive word the USSR without a visa and the Select Committee kept saying to from police official. I must leave purchase of a preset package tour. me, `But he was a Marine—that country tonight at 8.00 P.M. as That ensured all foreigners were must have interested the KGB.' I visa expirs. I am shocked!! My in regular contact with personnel was astonished at their naiveté. dreams! I retire to my room. I of the Soviet tourist agency, So what is the big deal that he have Stoo left. I have waited for 2 Intourist, which, according to was in the Marines? First, he years to be accepted. My fondes Nosenko, was an organization wasn't in the Marines any longer, dreams are shattered because of a made up entirely of KGB infor- but even if he had come to us in a petty official; because of bad mants or agents. An Intourist uniform, we still would have had planning I planned too much! 700 guide, Rima Shirokova, played an no interest. What was he in the P.M. I decide to end it. Soak rist important role in Oswald's first Marine Corps—a major, a cap- in cold water to numb the pain. weeks in Russia. tain, a colonel? We had better Than slash my left wrist. Than Oswald arrived in Moscow on information already coming from plaug wrist into bathtub of hot October 16,1959. He was taken by KGB sources than he could ever water. I think when Rimma an Intourist representative to the give us. comes at 8. to find me dead it wil Hotel Berlin. Since the KGB had "If he had been a Marine be a great shock. somewhere, a no inkling that he was anything guard at the U.S. embassy, then violin plays, as I wacth my life but a student visitor, it had we would have been very interest- whirl away. I think to myself. absolutely no interest in him until ed. But that wasn't the case with `how easy to die' and 'a sweet Rima Shirokova informed them Oswald. death,' (to violins)." [sic] that, on his second day in "As for Atsugi, we didn't know Oswald was rushed by ambu- Moscow, Oswald had told her he he had been based there. The lance to nearby Botkinskaya Hos- wanted to defect and become a media section of the KGB would pital. Blood transfusions stabi- Soviet citizen. have seen Oswald's public inter- lized him. From that moment Nosenko views, but they would not neces- Prompted by his suicide took charge of the matter. sarily have transferred that infor- attempt, the KGB ordered a men- Although Oswald had declared mation to us. Even if we knew tal evaluation. Oswald was trans- his intention to defect, Nosenko about Atsugi, it is unlikely we ferred to a psychiatric ward at is adamant the KGB did not inter- would have spoken to him. Our Botkinskaya, where he was kept rogate him. Anthony Summers intelligence on the u-a was good for three days. "We had two psy- charges that "is transparent non- and had been for some time." The chiatrists, neither of whom was a sense." Garrison says, "The new- Soviets already had considerable KGB doctor, examine him," recalls comer [Oswald] underwent knowledge about the plane. They Nosenko. "One was on the extensive interrogation, although had often tracked its path, speed, Botkin staff and the other came when, where, and under what cir- and altitude. Intelligence experts in from outside. I read their cumstances have never been on the U-2 concur that Oswald reports. Both concluded he was revealed." could not have contributed to its `mentally unstable.' It made us "Not true," insists Nosenko. eventual downing, as some have feel one hundred percent that he "The KGB was not at all interested suggested. should be avoided at all costs." ■ in him. I cannot emphasize that Based on the information it enough absolutely no interest." received, Nosenko's department © 1993 by Gerald Posner i8 AT RANDOM 4.„ ."0

Three decades of conspiracy theories—all of them wrong iuest for citi- TOP MODEL HAS Case Closed begins as a historical study of Lee Harvey Oswald, ) reason to let 73-inch BUST AND , but in the course of it Gerald Posner explodes the popular con- trs Nosenko. EARNS vas not some spiracy theories. From home-produced newsletters to such ASULt ut to foreign- Sun slickly engineered productions as Oliver Stone's movie JFK, the tainly no rea- CASTRO WATCHED Kennedy assassination has spawned a veritable industry of con- cception for JFK's ASSASSINATION spiracy theories. Details of apparent discrepancies, supposed Never cover-ups, and—more bizarre—purported sightings of JFK ;wald wrote before seen have been published in everything from supermarket tabloids r he received photo shows to "serious" reexaminations from major publishing houses. citizenship Fidel i :red: "I am card Americans are attracted to conspiracies, points out Gerald Recive word Posner, especially when they concern the violent or sudden death of a public figure. "Even I must leave when the assassin is caught redhanded, as in Sirhan-Sirhan killing Robert Kennedy, there 8 . o o P.m. as are still some who refuse to believe that he was the lone shooter." For Posner, it is under- locked!! My my room. I standable that the more plausible JFK theories should have a grip on the American imagi- waited for 2 nation. "There is also the troubling disparity between the victim and the killer—that a life I. My fondes of great promise could be ended by a man of such seeming ordinariness. Many people want because of a to believe there was more than just Oswald involved in the assassination, since if he acted ause of bad alone Kennedy was killed for nothing." CF )o much! 700 it. Soak rist rib the pain. WRONG: Oswald was one of two shooters Oswald defected to Russia in 1959. The Soviets wrist. Than employed by a right-wing Texas conspiracy headed killed JFK. (Michael Eddowes: The Oswald File, thtub of hot by multimillionaire "Mr. X" in order to dominate 1977) len Rimma the world oil market. (Thomas Buchanan: Who WRONG: Jack Ruby fulfilled a Mafia contract hit le dead it wil Killed Kennedy, 1964) on Oswald, implying that the mob also orchestrated mewhere, a WRONG: Oswald was framed by a conspiracy of JFK's death. (Seth Kantor, Who Was Jack Ruby?, acth my life right-wing elements including former FBI and CIA 1978) to myself. officials, Texas oilmen, and LW. (Joachim beaten: WRONG: Right-wing conspiracy with the CIA—pes ,nd 'a sweet Oswald: Assassin or Fall Guy?, 1964) sibly a rogue group inside the agency—Involved. sic] Author places three shooters at Dealey (Anthony Summers: Conspiracy, 1980) td by ambu- 1, WRONG: inskaya Hos- ' Plaza, killing the president in their crossfire. WRONG: The CIA, together with the FBI and Seconds in Dallas, 1967) Lsions stabi- t- (Josiah Thompson: Six Secret Service, planned the assassination, with €" WRONG: Right-wing conspiracy involving two or more Oswald as a patsy. Oliver Stone's movie IFK largely lis suicide assassins. At first suggests that Oswald was part of follows this theory. (Jim Garrison: On the Trail of lered a men- the conspiracy. but later that Oswald was a patsy. the Assassins, 1988) d was trans- (Harold Weisberg; Whitewash, 4 vols., 1965.74) WRONG: Leading suspects are the CIA, FBI, and tric ward at WRONG: Oswald had links to the CIA and FBI; right-wing Dallas oilmen. Oswald is likely innocent. he was kept multiple assassins, one of them may have been (Jim Marrs: Crossfire: The Piot That Killed lad two psy- Oswald; an extensive government cover-up and the Kennedy, 1989) whom was a 1 mob may have been involved. (Robert Sam Anson: WRONG: JFK's wounds mean that was shot from the him," recalls They've Killed the President, 1975) front rather than from the rear (Oswald's position) as on the according to a Parkland Hospital (Dallas) doctor. other came WRONG: "Oswald" was actually a KGB double, (Charles Crenshaw: IFK: Conspiracy of Silence, 1992) read their swapped for the young American when the real ided he was

It made us tent that he Graphic analysis of Posner's study by John Grimwade and Clive Irving, all costs." with the help of the Failure Analysis Associates, on the next four pages er

AT RANDOM I ALL '9

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signifitmotly altered until until altered signifitmotly

accordant.= with the exact exact the with accordant.=

View from above above from View

the the Stetson hst hst Stetson