Internal Security and the Cold War, 1945-1975 Marc A
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Socialists Begin Preparations for 1960
Socialists Begin Preparations for 1960 SWP Convention Calls For Political Challenge To Big Business Parties By M urry Weiss The Socialist Workers Party concluded its Eighteenth National Convention last week after three days of inten sive work in an atmosphere charged with self-confident realism and revolutionary social- ist optimism. The participation election which the resolution of some 250 delegates and visi characterized "as the next major tors from every branch in the political action" facing the country marked a high point for American socialist movement. the party since the 1946 Chicago While some intensification of Convention on the eve of the the class struggle as a result of cold-war and witch-hunt period. the capitalist offensive against the living standards of the work NAACP Delegates Face Among the delegates was a large representation of youth ers is to be expected, Dobbs held that “we cannot bank on along with founders of the American communist movement, any immediate change in the veterans of the trade-union mass movement” in 1959 in time movement and front-line fight to make a labor party develop m ent in 1960 a practical possibility ers in the Negro struggle. Thus, . the vitality and continuity of Thus the urgent task in the the Marxist movement in the presidential elections is to in Crucial Policy Questions United States was personified in tensify propaganda for indepen the convention by socialists dent political action as an al whose records go back to the ternative to continued support IWW, the pre-1917 Socialist At the Soviet Fair of the Democratic Party. -
Krogh & the Watergate Scandal
Krogh & the Watergate Scandal Egil “Bud” Krogh was a young lawyer who worked for the Nixon administration in the late 1960s and early 1970s as deputy assistant to the president. Military analyst Daniel Ellsberg leaked the “Pentagon Papers,” which contained sensitive information regarding the United States’ progress in the Vietnam War. President Nixon himself tasked Krogh with stopping leaks of top-secret information. And Nixon’s Assistant for Domestic Affairs, John Ehrlichman, instructed Krogh to investigate and discredit Ellsberg, telling Krogh that the leak was damaging to national security. Krogh and another staffer assembled a covert team that became known as the “plumbers” (to stop leaks), which was broadly supervised by Ehrlichman. In September 1971, the plumbers’ first break-in was at the office of Ellsberg’s psychiatrist; they were looking for documents that would discredit Ellsberg based on mental health. Reflecting on the meeting in which the break-in was proposed and approved, Krogh later wrote, “I listened intently. At no time did I or anyone else there question whether the operation was necessary, legal or moral. Convinced that we were responding legitimately to a national security crisis, we focused instead on the operational details: who would do what, when and where.” The break-in, which was illegal, was also unproductive. Nothing was found to discredit Ellsberg. Importantly, the ties between this break-in and Nixon were much more direct and easy to establish than the ties between Nixon and the Watergate break-in. Krogh later pled guilty to his role in the break-in and was sentenced to two-to-six years in prison. -
Women Postmasters
Women Postmasters Women served as Postmasters in the United States more than a century before they won the right to vote. Over the course of the 1800s, the number of women Postmasters increased from fewer than a dozen to more than 6,000. By the end of the twentieth century, more than half of all Postmasters were women. Although sometimes popularly called "postmistresses," their official title has always been "Postmaster." Women Postmasters in the Colonies Several women ran Post Offices under the British postal system in North America. In Salem, Massachusetts, the Post Office was reportedly kept by two women, Lydia Hill and Molly Gill.1 Hill reportedly served as Postmaster for many years before her death in 1768.2 Sarah Goddard was no stranger to postal business — her late husband, Giles Goddard, had been the Postmaster of New London, Connecticut. In 1764, Sarah joined her son William in Providence, Rhode Island, where he ran a newspaper and print shop and served as Postmaster. Shortly thereafter, William left Providence to pursue business ventures in New York and Philadelphia, leaving the Providence Post Office and print shop in the care of Sarah.3 In 1773, William Goddard moved to Baltimore, Maryland, where he started another newspaper and printing business. A few months later, he was joined by his sister Mary Katherine, “a skilled printer in her own right.”4 While William travelled, she ran the day-to-day business of the print shop, which by 1775 had become Baltimore’s Post Office, with Mary Katherine serving as Postmaster. First Women Postmasters in the United States Mary Katherine Goddard was the only known woman Postmaster when Benjamin Franklin was named the first American Postmaster General in July 1775, making her the first known woman Postmaster in the United Colonies, predecessor of the United States. -
Usps Nationwide Historic Context Study: Postal Facilities Constructed Or Occupied Between 1940 and 1971
DRAFT REPORT USPS NATIONWIDE HISTORIC CONTEXT STUDY: POSTAL FACILITIES CONSTRUCTED OR OCCUPIED BETWEEN 1940 AND 1971 Prepared for U.S. Postal Service 475 L’Enfant Plaza, SW, Room 6670 Washington, DC 20260-1862 September 2012 URS Group, Inc. 12420 Milestone Center Drive, Suite 150 Germantown, MD 20876 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY ....................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Project Purpose and Need ........................................................................ 1-1 1.1.1 Request for Proposals .................................................................. 1-2 1.1.2 Study Work Tasks ........................................................................ 1-3 1.2 Research and Data Collection .................................................................. 1-5 1.3 Survey of Associated Property Types ...................................................... 1-7 1.3.1 Survey Expectations..................................................................... 1-7 1.3.2 Sampling Methodology ................................................................ 1-9 1.3.3 Field Survey Methodology ........................................................ 1-19 1.4 Context Development ............................................................................ 1-20 1.5 Associated Property Type Development ............................................... 1-22 1.5.1 General Process Overview ......................................................... 1-22 1.5.2 Study Approach ........................................................................ -
Page 1 of 3 Context of '1969: ITT Negotiates with Nixon Aides To
Context of '1969: ITT Negotiates with Nixon Aides to Avoid Antitrust Lawsuit' Page 1 of 3 !Donate Home | Contact UserName Login Not registered yet? About Timelines Blog Donate Volunteer Search Go !! History Commons Alert, Exciting News Home » Context of '1969: ITT Negotiates with Nixon Aides to Avoid Antitrust Lawsuit' Printer-Friendly View Email to Friend Context of '1969: ITT Negotiates with Nixon Aides to Avoid Antitrust Increase Text Size Lawsuit' Decrease Text Size Ordering Date ascending This is a scalable context timeline. It contains events related to the event 1969: ITT Negotiates with Nixon Aides to Avoid Antitrust Lawsuit. You can narrow or Time period broaden the context of this timeline by adjusting the zoom level. The lower the scale, the more relevant the items on average will be, while the higher the scale, Email Updates the less relevant the items, on average, will be. Receive weekly email updates 1 2 3 4 5 summarizing what contributors have added to the History Commons database Email Address Here Go 1969: ITT Negotiates with Nixon Aides to Avoid Antitrust Lawsuit Donate International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT) acquires three Developing and maintaining smaller corporations, prompting the US Justice Department to this site is very labor file suits against ITT charging that the mergers violate antitrust intensive. If you find it useful, laws. Between 1969 and April 1971, ITT officials meet with please give us a hand and donate what you can. several Nixon administration officials, including Vice President Donate Now Spiro Agnew; White House aides John Ehrlichman, Charles ITT logo. [Source: Colson, and Egil Krogh; Cabinet secretaries John Connally and Private Line.com] Maurice Stans; Justice Department officials John Mitchell and Volunteer Richard Kleindienst; and others, in attempts to persuade the If you would like to help us administration to drop the lawsuits. -
R=Nr.3685 ,,, ,{ -- R.104TA (-{, 001
3Kcnen~lHrn 3 . ~ ,_ CCCP r=nr.3685 ,,, ,{ -- r.104TA (-{, 001 diasporiana.org.ua CENTRE FOR RESEARCH ON CANADIAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS Unive~ty Partnership Centre I Georgian College, Barrie, ON Vol. 9 I Canada/Russia Series J.L. Black ef Andrew Donskov, general editors CRCR One-Way Ticket The Soviet Return-to-the-Homeland Campaign, 1955-1960 Glenna Roberts & Serge Cipko Penumbra Press I Manotick, ON I 2008 ,l(apyHoK OmmascbKozo siooiny KaHaOCbKozo Tosapucmsa npuHmeniB YKpai°HU Copyright © 2008 Library and Archives Canada SERGE CIPKO & GLENNA ROBERTS Cataloguing-in-Publication Data No part of this publication may be Roberts, Glenna, 1934- reproduced, stored in a retrieval system Cipko, Serge, 1961- or transmitted, in any1'0rm or by any means, without the prior written One-way ticket: the Soviet return-to consent of the publisher or a licence the-homeland campaign, 1955-1960 I from The Canadian Copyright Licensing Glenna Roberts & Serge Cipko. Agency (Access Copyright). (Canada/Russia series ; no. 9) PENUMBRA PRESS, publishers Co-published by Centre for Research Box 940 I Manotick, ON I Canada on Canadian-Russian Relations, K4M lAB I penumbrapress.ca Carleton University. Printed and bound by Custom Printers, Includes bibliographical references Renfrew, ON, Canada. and index. PENUMBRA PRESS gratefully acknowledges ISBN 978-1-897323-12-0 the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing L Canadians-Soviet Union Industry Development Program (BPIDP) History-2oth century. for our publishing activities. We also 2. Repatriation-Soviet Union acknowledge the Government of Ontario History-2oth century. through the Ontario Media Development 3. Canadians-Soviet Union Corporation's Ontario Book Initiative. -
Huey P. Long, Louisiana Governor and United States Senator Research Subject Guide Louisiana State Archives
Huey P. Long, Louisiana Governor and United States Senator Research Subject Guide Louisiana State Archives Introduction: This guide was made by archival staff at the Louisiana State Archives as an introduction to some of the materials we have on the Louisiana Governor (1928- 1932) and United States Senator (1932-1935), Huey Pierce Long. The listings are arranged according to the Table of Contents listed below and then alphabetically within each section. For further information on this topic, or to view our collections, please visit the Louisiana State Archives Research Library or contact the Research Library staff at 225.922.1207 or via email at [email protected]. Table of Contents: Manuscripts Newspapers, Journals, and Magazines Photographs Posters Government Records Microfilm Manuscripts Carolyn R. Chaney Collection, 1935, Collection contains one copy of the funeral oration that was delivered over the grave of Huey P. Long, included in the Louisiana Conservation Review, dated September 1935. The collection also contains one copy of the Louisiana Review Memorial Number for Huey P. Long dated October 1935. Collection No. N2018-021 Martha Metrailes Collection, 1935, Collection contains speeches given by Senator Huey P. Long, titled “Our Growing Calamity” and is dated 1935. Items collected by Martha Metrailes. Collection No. N1991-033 Historic New Orleans Collection Cecil Morgan Interview, 1981, Paperback book copyrighted 1985 that contains Betty Werlein Carter's interview with Louisiana legislator, Cecil Morgan. The book focuses on the Huey P. Long era and includes a typed interview transcript (119 pages), vignettes on topics ranging from Chief Justice John B. Fournet to marriage (53 pages), an appendix of articles and speeches (79 pages), and a curriculum vitae of Morgan (3 pages). -
Biographyelizabethbentley.Pdf
Tseng 2003.10.24 14:06 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet 1 of 284 QUEEN RED SPY Tseng 2003.10.24 14:06 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet 2 of 284 3 of 284 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet RED SPY QUEEN A Biography of ELIZABETH BENTLEY Kathryn S.Olmsted The University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill and London Tseng 2003.10.24 14:06 4 of 284 © 2002 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Set in Charter, Champion, and Justlefthand types by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Manufactured in the United States of America The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Olmsted, Kathryn S. Red spy queen : a biography of Elizabeth Bentley / by Kathryn S. Olmsted. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-8078-2739-8 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Bentley, Elizabeth. 2. Women communists—United States—Biography. 3. Communism—United States— 1917– 4. Intelligence service—Soviet Union. 5. Espionage—Soviet Union. 6. Informers—United States—Biography. I. Title. hx84.b384 o45 2002 327.1247073'092—dc21 2002002824 0605040302 54321 Tseng 2003.10.24 14:06 5 of 284 To 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet my mother, Joane, and the memory of my father, Alvin Olmsted Tseng 2003.10.24 14:06 Tseng 2003.10.24 14:06 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet 6 of 284 7 of 284 Contents Preface ix 6655 Olmsted / RED SPY QUEEN / sheet Acknowledgments xiii Chapter 1. -
Ideologies of Diplomacy: Rhetoric, Ritual, and Representation in Early Modern England
• • Ideologies of Diplomacy: Rhetoric, Ritual, and Representation in Early Modern England Jane Yeang Chui Wong Nanyang Technological University Singapore In 2008 John Watkins edited a special issue for the Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, “Toward a New Diplomatic History of Medi- eval and Early Modern Europe,” which initiated a necessary and meaning- ful assessment of diplomatic studies in premodern Europe.1 The call for a more nuanced study of diplomacy in the period brought together a group of scholars with a common interest: their essays test and broaden conven- tional frameworks that generally isolate the study of premodern diplomacy within the confines of diplomatic documentation. In drawing on the multi- disciplinary expertise of the contributors, Watkins’s special issue reevaluates premodern diplomatic studies in a richer and more complex sociocultural landscape that acknowledges and examines the undocumented import of diplomacy- in- the- making. Using interdisciplinary frameworks that take up discussions of gender, semantics, patronage, and race, among others, schol- ars of New Diplomatic History look beyond the immediacy of documentary evidence to explain the variegated processes of creating and understanding diplomatic discourses in the premodern era. This special issue hews closely to Watkins’s cross- disciplinary aim in a number of ways, but it also offers a response in light of developments in the field since then. The proliferation of scholarly works on New Diplomatic History, quite possibly at its most excit- ing and dynamic phase, has introduced some very promising contributions, identifying strategic limitations that were considered but not yet thoroughly problematized before. The current critical impulse for proponents of New Diplomatic History can be traced to a general dissatisfaction with a lapse of innova- tion and how, for many years, its development has remained out of sync with the wider and ever- growing interdisciplinary developments in the study of early modern Europe. -
End of Instruction Notes DAY 2 1949 NATO—North Atlantic Treaty
End of Instruction Notes DAY 2 1949 NATO—North Atlantic Treaty Organization. When it became apparent the UN could not stop war and aggression, the former Allies signed this treaty stating, “armed attack against one or more of them…shall be considered an attack against all.” Truman did not allow the US to return to isolationism after WWII. Warsaw Pact—after NATO allowed West Germany to re-arm. Soviet Union responded by organizing a military alliance in Eastern Europe Soviets successfully test atomic bomb this led to the arms race with the US China turns communist with Mao Zedong 1950s 1950 Korean War—divided after WWII, by Allies occupying forces withdrew in 1948-49. North Korea invaded the south to reunite them. The Soviets were boycotting the UN. The UN voted to defend South Korea. Douglas MacArthur headed troops after years of fighting he wanted to push war harder and to consider the bomb. Truman disagreed. Mac went behind his back and Truman fired him. 1952--Communists took control of Iran. CIA overthrew communists and replaced with Shah 1953—President Eisenhower wants to end the Korean War—Stalin died—Korea divided on 48th parallel. Vietnam conflict starting. Eisenhower sends advisors. Latin America—US feared Soviets might try to spread communism there US first then the USSR tested nuclear bombs 1954—CIA overthrew Guatemala gov’t to replace with US friendly one 1957—Soviet uses ballistic missiles armed with nuclear warheads. US lags behind in missile technology. Soviets also launch Sputnik, 1st satellite to orbit the earth—this leads to the space race. -
Letter from Senator Joseph Mccarthy to the President of the United States
Letter from Senator Joseph McCarthy to the President of the United States This letter from Senator Joseph McCarthy, Republican representative of Wisconsin, to President Harry Truman was written three days after McCarthy’s famous Wheeling Speech. This speech signaled McCarthy’s rise to influence, as he gained national attention by producing a piece of paper on which he claimed he had listed the names of 205 members of the Communist Party working secretly in the U.S. State Department. McCarthy was, at the time of this letter, beginning to exploit national concerns about Communist infiltration during the Cold War. This fear of infiltration was intensified by the Soviet Union’s recent development of the atomic bomb and the coming Communist takeover of China. “McCarthyism” however was not yet at its peak. Senator McCarthy here at first encourages President Truman to commit more resources to the war of containment being fought in South Korea, and secondly questioned the legitimacy and effectiveness of Truman’s loyalty program, signed into effect by Executive Order 9835 in 1947. This program required the FBI to run checks on almost anyone involved in the U.S. government and subsequently to launch investigations into any government employee with what could be presumed as questionable political associations. The Loyalty Program was not enough to satisfy Senator McCarthy, who suspected that a number of subversives had slipped through the investigation and remained in the State Department. President Truman made it clear that he would not take McCarthy’s accusations seriously and that the Senator was “the best asset the Kremlin has.”109 July 12, 1950 The President The White House Washington, D. -
Enforcing the Hidden U.S. Equal Rights Law Ann Fagan Ginger
Golden Gate University Law Review Volume 20 Article 1 Issue 3 Women's Law Forum January 1990 Enforcing the Hidden U.S. Equal Rights Law Ann Fagan Ginger Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Law and Gender Commons Recommended Citation Ann Fagan Ginger, Enforcing the Hidden U.S. Equal Rights Law, 20 Golden Gate U. L. Rev. (1990). http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev/vol20/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Academic Journals at GGU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Golden Gate University Law Review by an authorized administrator of GGU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ginger: Equal Rights Law ENFORCING THE HIDDEN U.S. EQUAL RIGHTS LAW Ann Fagan Ginger* INTRODUCTION Since 1945 the law of the United States has required the United States government to take action to promote universal observance of human rights for all without distinction as to sex. 1 This equal rights for women law is part of the supreme law of the land, to be faithfully executed by the President and the Ad ministration, to be enforced by the federal courts and by the courts of the several states, to be implemented by Congress, and to be obeyed by industry, reported by the media, and relied on and obeyed by the people in their daily lives. 2 Busy practitioners representing women whose equal rights have been denied will save time and increase their effectiveness by making use of this hidden law.