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Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski POLAND’S DEMOGRAPHIC PAST

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Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski POLAND’S DEMOGRAPHIC PAST Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski POLAND’s DEMOGRAPHIC PAST Polska akademia nauk komitet nauk Historycznych komisja Historii struktur Demograficznych i społecznych Uniwersytet szczeciński PRZESZŁOŚĆ DEMOGRAFICZNA POLSKI MATERIAŁY i sTUDIA POLAND’s DEMOGRAPHIC PAST MATERIALS AND sTUDIES 42 (2020) Wydawnictwo naukowe Uniwersytetu szczecińskiego RADa NAUKOWa | acaDemic AdvisorY BoarD krzysztof mikulski, przewodniczący (Toruń) Jan Berger (Warszawa) | ewa frątczak (Warszawa) | radosław gaziński (szczecin) | marek górny (Wrocław) | irena e. kotowska (Warszawa) | ludmila nesládková (ostrava) | marek okólski (Warszawa) | Dominik rozkrut (szczecin) | krzysztof zamorski (kraków) KOMITeT REDAKCYJnY | eDiTorial BoarD Dariusz k. chojecki, redaktor naczelny (Uniwersytet szczeciński) marta chmiel-chrzanowska, sekretarz redakcji (Uniwersytet szczeciński) antoinette fauve-chamoux (École des Hautes Études en sciences sociales, Paryż) | rolf gehrmann (europa-Universität viadrina, frankfurt nad odrą) | radek lipovski (ostravská Univerzita) | mikołaj szołtysek (Uniwersytet Warszawski, Universität regensburg) | Jurgita verbickienė (vilniaus Universitetas) | konrad Wnęk (Uniwersytet Jagielloński) | Yuriy voloshyn (Poltavs’kyy natsional’nyy Pedahohichnyy Universytet imeni v.H. korolenka) | agnieszka zielińska (Uniwersytet mikołaja kopernika w Toruniu) lista recenzentów dostępna jest na stronie: www.wnus.edu.pl/pdp reDakTor naczelnY Dariusz k. chojecki reDakcJa JĘzYkoWa j. angielski – karen sayce j. polski – Joanna sygit reDakcJa TecHniczna i skłaD Wiesława mazurkiewicz Wersja papierowa jest wersją pierwotną adres redakcji: instytut Historyczny, ul. krakowska 71–79, 71-017 szczecin email: [email protected], www.wnus.edu.pl/pdp elektroniczna wersja czasopisma jest dostępna na stronie: www.wnus.edu.pl abstrakty opublikowanych artykułów są dostępne online w międzynarodowych bazach danych scopus, DoaJ (Directory of open access Journals), eriH PlUs (european reference index for the Humanities and social sciences), ceeol (central and eastern european online library), ceJsH (The central european Journal of social sciences and Humanities), a także w Pol-index i Bazhum © copyright by Uniwersytet szczeciński, szczecin 2020 ISSN 0079-7189 eISSN 2719-4345 DOI 10.18276/pdp WYDaWnicTWo naUkoWe UniWersYTeTU szczecińskiego Wydanie i. ark. wyd. 13,5. ark. druk 13,1 format B5. nakład 80 egz. spis treści / Table of contents Słowo od redakcji [a Word from the editor] ................................................................ 7 artykUłY / arTicles Dawid Dziuba The issue of infant mortality in Polish Historical research [Problematyka umieralności niemowląt w polskich badaniach historycznych] .... 9 cezary kuklo Did the abolition of serfdom affect the life cycle of Peasants in the Western Part of the grodno governorate in the 19th and early 20th centuries? [czy uwłaszczenie wpłynęło na cykl życiowy chłopów w zachodniej części guberni grodzieńskiej w XiX i początkach XX wieku?] ..... 37 iwona Janicka The register of the Dead from cholera in vilnius Pohulanka Hospital in 1831 as a source for Demographic and social studies [księga metryczna umarłych na cholerę w szpitalu na wileńskiej Pohulance w 1831 roku jako źródło do badań społeczno-demograficznych] .......................... 75 grażyna liczbińska, agnieszka sobkowiak Did the sex ratio at Birth reflect social and economic inequalities? a Pilot study of the Province of Poznań, 1875–1913 [czy wskaźnik proporcji płci przy urodzeniu odzwierciedlał nierówności społeczne i ekonomiczne? Pilotażowe badania prowincji poznańskiej, 1875–1913] ............................................................................................................... 95 Józef Pociecha The Process of Demographic Transition in lands of the former Polish-lithuanian commonwealth and other areas with Polish-speaking Populations, 1865–1912 [Przebieg procesu przejścia demograficznego na ziemiach dawnego państwa polsko-litewskiego oraz na innych obszarach z polskojęzyczną ludnością w latach 1865–1912] ................................................................................................ 123 Hanna kurowska Population of gubin District in the context of situational and statistical reports in the Years 1945–1949 [ludność powiatu gubińskiego w świetle sprawozdań sytuacyjno- -statystycznych z lat 1945–1949] ............................................................................ 147 radosław gaziński Parish registers in the archival fonds of the state archives in szczecin [księgi metrykalne w zasobie archiwum Państwowego w szczecinie] ............... 177 KOMUNIKATY / messages krzysztof narojczyk interaktywny atlas statystyczno-demograficzny królestwa Polskiego – projekt badawczy [an interactive statistical and Demographic atlas of the kingdom of Poland – research Project] .................................................................................................... 199 sPRAWOZDANIA / REPORTs Piotr rachwał sprawozdanie z posiedzeń zespołu Demografii Historycznej komitetu nauk Demograficznych PAN w 2018 roku [2018 report on the meetings of the Historical Demography group in the committee on Demographic studies at the Polish academy of sciences] .. 2 0 5 Słowo od redakcji A Word from the Editor czas pandemii COVID-19, choroby wywołanej przez koronawirusa SARS- -cov-2, skłania do postawienia wielu pytań związanych z kondycją życia ludz- kiego, skokiem technologicznym, zachowaniami społecznymi czy skutecznością wdrażanych rozwiązań mających na celu zahamowanie rozwoju choroby. Dla de- mografów historycznych czasy pandemii i różnego rodzaju epidemii trawiących dawne społeczności siłą rzeczy nie są nowością. można nawet powiedzieć, że skala ich występowania budzi w naszym środowisku badawczym respekt i po- dziw dla sił życiowych historycznych populacji, które po poniesieniu ogromnych strat, posiadając znikomą (lub żadną) wiedzę o „niewidzialnym wrogu”, potra- fiły odradzać się niczym feniks z popiołów. Dysponujemy ciekawymi studiami na temat dżumy siejącej największe spustoszenia i strach, jej następczyni – cho- lery – która, mimo że stała się na szczęście chorobą endemiczną, zadomowiła się na trwale w naszym języku za sprawą wywoływanych przez nią cierpień oraz niebywałej skuteczności w pozbawianiu życia, wreszcie mamy gruźlicę, zwaną dawniej „białą dżumą” z racji tego, że zabijała swoje ofiary powoli i masowo (była to nawet co dziesiąta przyczyna śmierci). czas pandemii m.in. przypomina nam, by ponownie zwrócić uwagę na choroby zakaźne i pasożytnicze, poszerzyć spektrum obserwacji o badania nad grypą hiszpanką sprzed 100 lat. Dostarcza też dowodów na potwierdzenie słuszności założeń teorii przejścia epidemiolo- gicznego abdela omrana w odniesieniu do wyłaniającej się epoki chorób zwią- zanych z podeszłym wiekiem, a ponadto pozwala pełniej pojąć sens i znaczenie słów starej modlitwy: „od nagłej a niespodziewanej śmierci zachowaj nas Panie”. Dariusz k. chojecki redaktor naczelny Przeszłości Demograficznej Polski arTYkUłY Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski 42 (2020), 9–35 Poland’s Demographic Past 42 (2020), 9–35 DOI: 10.18276/pdp.2020.42-01 Dawid Dziuba ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-3189 University of szczecin, Doctoral school email: [email protected] The Issue of Infant Mortality in Polish Historical Research Problematyka umieralności niemowląt w polskich badaniach historycznych Abstract Abstrakt The article presents infant mortality in celem artykułu jest przedstawienie Polish historical research and points to- problematyki umieralności niemow- wards more important works focusing ląt w polskich badaniach historycznych on the above issue. The author analyses oraz scharakteryzowanie ważniejszych approximately seventy academic works prac skupiających się na powyższym za- in order to answer the fundamental ques- gadnieniu. autor poddaje analizie około tion as to what extent they deal with the siedemdziesiąt pozycji naukowych, aby issue of deaths in children under the age odpowiedzieć na zasadnicze pytanie, of one. The research shows that, in par- w jakim zakresie poruszana jest w nich ticular groups of research papers, infant tematyka dotycząca zgonów dzieci, któ- mortality is most often presented in a gen- re nie ukończyły pierwszego roku życia. eral and formulaic manner. a dozen or so Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że papers present this problem as a side is- w poszczególnych grupach prac badaw- sue in their research and only a few Polish czych umieralność niemowląt jest najczę- studies have infant mortality as their main ściej przedstawiana w sposób ogólny oraz issue and discuss it in a multi-faceted and schematyczny. kilkanaście prac przedsta- broader context. wia rzeczony problem w pobocznym nur- cie zainteresowania badawczego, a tylko kilka polskich publikacji traktuje umie- ralność najmłodszych dzieci jako główny 10 Dawid Dziuba nurt badania i omawia zagadnienie wielo- aspektowo i w szerszym kontekście. Keywords Słowa kluczowe infant mortality, deaths, historical demog- umieralność niemowląt, zgony, demogra- raphy, social history, population history, fia historyczna, historia społeczna, arty- review article, Poland kuł przeglądowy, Polska Introduction The demographic changes that started to take place in the second half of the nineteenth century were characterized by a gradual decrease in the intensity of deaths (and, over time, births) in all age groups of the population and, above all, in the infant group. These changes are described by the theory of the first de- mographic transition.1 according to marek okólski, this
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