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Calkins 40 Holiday Color for Miami Landscapes

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Calkins 40 Holiday Color for Miami Landscapes A WORD OR TWO ABOUT GARDENING Your M iam i-Dade Landscape can be a Great Source of Holiday Color How is this for an idea? A colorful yard for the holiday season, but w ithout a trip to the m ini-w arehouse to lug out all those decorations or the need to string up m iles of lights. Instead you leave everything in place because that is w here it stays year round. M oreover you don’t need to set a tim er and use enough pow er to light up a cruise ship; these decorations have a build in tim er and turn on of their ow n accord, pow ered by the sun. Since this is a gardening colum n it w ill com e as no surprise that I refer of course to all the superb plants that can color our local landscaping at this tim e of year. Som e local residents already rely on the m any bedding plants that becom e available in the fall at local garden centers. In this article the focus is on landscape item s that w ill last for m ore than one season. Last year at this tim e I discussed three holiday favorites, poinsettias, am aryllis and Christm as cactus. W idely used as decorative indoor plants, the first tw o item s can also rem ain year round in the landscape, though am aryllis w ill bloom in late spring rather than late fall/w inter. There are m any other plants how ever that can provide color in M iam i-Dade landscapes from late fall into the New Year. There are those that bloom on and off year round, favorites such as blue plum bago, chenille plant, hibiscus, ixora and peregrina, just to m ention a few . W hile not necessarily at their show iest at this tim e of year they can be relied on to contribute som e garden color. One fam iliar year round bloom er is often at its best as any local rose enthusiast w ill attest. Unlike gardeners further north there is no need to severely cut back roses as w inter approaches. I recall rose bushes, buried under fallen trees after hurricane Andrew , that w ere ablaze w ith bloom s by Christm as to brighten up an otherw ise rather bleak landscape. The sam e w as true last year after hurricane W ilm a; large heirloom shrub roses that had been totally denuded of foliage w ere full of flow ers a w eek after Thanksgiving. The earliest cold w ave (night tim e tem peratures below 40ºF) usually arrives after Thanksgiving, as early as m id Decem ber. M usseandas and allam andas w ill flow er year round given a w arm m oist clim ate but in M iam i-Dade they usually have ceased flow ering by Christm as. M usseandas, especially the ‘Dona Aurorae’ hybrids invariable loose m ost of their bloom s and som e leaves w ith the first significant cold front. At Thanksgiving there m ay still be som e of the large pink flow ers left on floss silk trees (chorisia, Ceiba speciosa), m ore especially the less com m on w hite flow ering Ceiba insignis. Chorisias flow er at an early age and are becom ing increasingly popular - local flow ering tree nurseries are now grow ing som e exciting new cultivars. Tw o other outstanding flow ering trees that bloom during fall are Colville’s glory (Colvillea racem osa) and a late flow ering pink cassia, Cassia roxburghii (red cassia). Colville’s glory has been described as a late season royal poinciana, w ith feathery foliage and a sim ilar profile, though m ore upright and less spreading. Usually sparsely branched, sm ooth dow ny buds in pendent cone shaped racem es open in Novem ber to reveal vivid orange to scarlet flow ers. The red cassia has a striking appearance w ith sheets of foliage cascading alm ost to the ground. Late sum m er into fall intense rosy colored flow er appear in axillary racem es, contrasting w ell w ith the deep green pinnate leaves and lasting w ell into fall. M ore fam iliar, the Hong Kong orchid tree (Bauhinia x blakeana) is recom m ended for both its extrem ely show y flow ers (produced from fall into w inter) and the fact that it is sterile (no seedling volunteers as w ith other orchid trees). How ever like other orchid trees it is w eak w ooded necessitating careful pruning. An even m ore striking tree that is often in bloom over Christm as, though flow ering is variable, is the show iest of the pink tabebuias, the pink trum pet tree (Tabebuia im petiginosa). Flow ering w hen the tree is bare the rich purplish pink flow ers are far m ore stunning than the com m on pink tabebuia T. heterophylla, the bloom s of w hich are often sparse and pallid by com parison. If you w ould like som e yellow flow ering trees/shrubs to brighten up the landscape then Caesalpinia vesicaria is a sm all, tough, flowering tree that could be used m ore, flow ering late fall into w inter. The chestnut-leaved yellow elder (Tecom a castanifolia) flow ers sporadically fall into early spring w ith a profusion of bright golden yellow trum pet-shaped flow ers. This is less w eedy as w ell as m ore upright than the m ore fam iliar yellow elder (T. stans) and can be grow n as a sm all tree (to 20’). The focus of this colum n is on landscape plants that flow er late fall into w inter, and in som e instances the com m on or cultivar nam e can be a clue as to w hen flow ering occurs. Euphorbia leucocephala is for m ost of the year a rather ordinary 8-10’ shrub. How ever from early Novem ber through Decem ber into the New Year it is clear w hy it is com m only know n as pascuita or little Christm as flow er. Like the poinsettia, to w hich it is related, ornam ental appeal resides not in the true flow ers, but the associated cyathophylls (bracts). These transform the shrub into a large airy w hite cloud w ith the flow ers providing a delicate sw eet fragrance. Once the show is over cut back heavily, then prune lightly as required up until late August. Pruning after this can reduce flow ering since like the poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrim a), pascuita is a short day plant (see below ), differentiation of flow er bud prim ordia occurring as days shorten. Flow ering of pascuita is also im proved if it is situated aw ay from street lights (cf. poinsettia). Otherw ise all that is required is a site in full sun w ith free draining soil. It can be m isleading placing too m uch significance in a plant’s com m on nam e. M etrosideros excelsa, ablaze w ith brilliant red flow ers during the sum m er, is know n com m only as the New Zealand Christm as tree. Dow n under of course, Christm as occurs during sum m er. In California, w here it is used as a coastal flow ering tree, M . excelsa bloom s spring into sum m er. W hile in M iam i-Dade w e can enjoy “real” roses during the holiday season, those of you from cooler clim es m ay w ell be acquainted w ith the often tardy Christm as rose (Helleborus niger – it’s not a rose but in the buttercup fam ily). W e cannot grow hellebores in south Florida, but w e can grow an altogether different “Christm as rose”, a flow ering tree from Africa that is m ore com m only know n as tropical snow ball (Dom beya wallichi). Dom beyas grow as large shrubs in M iam i-Dade and flow er from late fall through w inter. Individual flow ers range from w hite to cream through various shades of pink to red and are arranged in dense um bellate cym es – each inflorescence resem bles a hydrangea looking nothing like rose blossom s. Rather than D. wallichi, w here the flow ers tend to be obscured by the large coarse leaves choose D. burgessiae. The inflorescence can vary both in shape and color (w hite to pink) - the cultivar ‘Sem inole’ is especially attractive w ith deep pink flow ers, and is available in som e local nurseries. Situate in full sun, w ater once soil starts to dry out, apply a com plete slow release fertilizer in early spring and late sum m er, and deadhead to extend flow ering. If the yellow flow ering trees listed above aren’t enough, Christm as bush and Christm as candles are com m on nam es for tw o sennas flow ering during the holiday season, Senna bicaspularis and S. alata respectively. Other sennas flow er at this tim e of year including the popular glaucous cassia (S. surattensis) and desert senna, S. polyphylla as w ell as the native Baham a cassia (S. m exicana var. chapm anii), the latter tw o both drought tolerant low m aintenance shrubs. Tw o other native plants w ith seasonal interest are Christm as berry (Lycium carolinianum ) and the Dahoon holly (Ilex cassine).
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